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Lidoy J, Berrio E, García M, España-Luque L, Pozo MJ, López-Ráez JA. Flavonoids promote Rhizophagus irregularis spore germination and tomato root colonization: A target for sustainable agriculture. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1094194. [PMID: 36684723 PMCID: PMC9849897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1094194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has great potential, being used as biostimulants, biofertilizers and bioprotection agents in agricultural and natural ecosystems. However, the application of AM fungal inoculants is still challenging due to the variability of results when applied in production systems. This variability is partly due to differences in symbiosis establishment. Reducing such variability and promoting symbiosis establishment is essential to improve the efficiency of the inoculants. In addition to strigolactones, flavonoids have been proposed to participate in the pre-symbiotic plant-AM fungus communication in the rhizosphere, although their role is still unclear. Here, we studied the specific function of flavonoids as signaling molecules in AM symbiosis. For that, both in vitro and in planta approaches were used to test the stimulatory effect of an array of different subclasses of flavonoids on Rhizophagus irregularis spore germination and symbiosis establishment, using physiological doses of the compounds. We show that the flavone chrysin and the flavonols quercetin and rutin were able to promote spore germination and root colonization at low doses, confirming their role as pre-symbiotic signaling molecules in AM symbiosis. The results pave the way to use these flavonoids in the formulation of AM fungal-based products to promote the symbiosis. This can improve the efficiency of commercial inoculants, and therefore, help to implement their use in sustainable agriculture.
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Mannino G, Bertea CM, Bonini P. Editorial: Characterization of biostimulants used in agriculture: A step towards sustainable and safe foods. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1065879. [PMID: 36561455 PMCID: PMC9763982 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1065879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mannino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cinzia M. Bertea
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Zhang S, Yuan M, Shi Z, Yang S, Zhang M, Sun L, Gao J, Wang X. The Variations of Leaf δ 13C and Its Response to Environmental Changes of Arbuscular and Ectomycorrhizal Plants Depend on Life Forms. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3236. [PMID: 36501277 PMCID: PMC9739095 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and ectomycorrhiza (ECM) are the two most common mycorrhizal types and are paid the most attention to, playing a vital common but differentiated function in terrestrial ecosystems. The leaf carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) is an important factor in understanding the relationship between plants and the environment. In this study, a new database was established on leaf δ13C between AM and ECM plants based on the published data set of leaf δ13C in China's C3 terrestrial plants, which involved 1163 observations. The results showed that the differences in leaf δ13C between AM and ECM plants related closely to life forms. Leaf δ13C of ECM plants was higher than that of AM plants in trees, which was mainly led by the group of evergreen trees. The responses of leaf δ13C to environmental changes were varied between AM and ECM plants. Among the four life forms, leaf δ13C of ECM plants decreased more rapidly than that of AM plants, with an increase of longitude, except for deciduous trees. In terms of the sensitivity of leaf δ13C to temperature changes, AM plants were higher than ECM plants in the other three life forms, although there was no significant difference in evergreen trees. For the response to water conditions, the leaf δ13C of ECM plants was more sensitive than that of AM plants in all life forms, except evergreen and deciduous trees. This study laid a foundation for further understanding the role of mycorrhiza in the relationship between plants and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Mingli Yuan
- School of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Engineering, Zhoukou Vocational and Technical College, Zhoukou 466000, China
| | - Zhaoyong Shi
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Mengge Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Lirong Sun
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jiakai Gao
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xugang Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang 471023, China
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Lekberg Y, Callaway RM. New support for the Enhanced Mutualism Hypothesis for invasion. New Phytol 2022; 236:797-799. [PMID: 35899610 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
- W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and Institute on Ecosystems, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
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Liu YN, Liu CC, Guo R, Tian L, Cheng JF, Wu YN, Wang D, Wang B. The Rice Qa-SNAREs in SYP13 Subfamily Are Involved in Regulating Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Seed Fertility. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:898286. [PMID: 35665185 PMCID: PMC9158536 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.898286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Qa-SNARE gene SYP132 (isoform α) was previously reported to affect arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in the legume species Medicago truncatula. In non-legumes especially monocots, it remains unknown whether certain SNARE genes are also involved in AM symbiosis. In this work, we studied a rice orthologous gene OsSYP132, which showed induced expression in mycorrhizal roots and two paralogous genes OsSYP131a and OsSYP131b, which were not induced by the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. After employing CRISPR/Cas9 technique to generate their mutants, the Ossyp131a homozygous mutant T0 plants exhibited a dwarf phenotype and produced no fertile seeds, indicating a required role of this gene in seed fertility. Unlike the case in legume, the Ossyp132 mutants exhibited normal mycorrhizal phenotype, so did the Ossyp131b mutants. In the Ossyp131b Ossyp132 double mutants, however, the colonization rate and arbuscule abundance level decreased markedly, indicating an impaired fungal proliferation ability in rice roots. Such a defect was further confirmed by the reduced expression levels of AM marker genes. Our results in rice therefore demonstrated that while SYP13II members showed evolutionary and induction patterns specific to symbiosis, AM symbiosis is in fact controlled by the combined action of both SYP13I and SYP13II clades, revealing a functional redundancy among SYNTAXIN genes in mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Na Liu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Chen Liu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Fei Cheng
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Murata-Kato S, Sato R, Abe S, Hashimoto Y, Yamagishi H, Yokoyama J, Tomimatsu H. Partial mycoheterotrophy in green plants forming Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhiza requires a thorough investigation. New Phytol 2022; 234:1112-1118. [PMID: 35262951 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoe Murata-Kato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Risa Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Shigeki Abe
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hashimoto
- Department of Agro-environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamagishi
- The Shirakami Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Jun Yokoyama
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
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Liu CC, Liu YN, Cheng JF, Guo R, Tian L, Wang B. Dual Roles of OsGH3.2 in Modulating Rice Root Morphology and Affecting Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:853435. [PMID: 35481141 PMCID: PMC9037295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several angiosperm GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) genes, including tomato SlGH3.4 and rice OsGH3.2 are induced during arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, but their functions remain largely unclear. Recently, tomato SlGH3.4 was suggested to negatively regulate arbuscule incidence via decreasing auxin levels in colonized cells. In this study, by acquiring rice OsGH3.2pro:β-glucuronidase (GUS) transgenic plants and generating Osgh3.2 mutants via CRISPR/Cas9 technique, the roles of OsGH3.2 in modulating rice root morphology and affecting AM symbiosis were investigated through time course experiments. Unlike SlGH3.4, OsGH3.2 showed asymbiotic expression in rice young lateral roots, and its mutation resulted in a "shallow" root architecture. Such root morphological change was also observed under symbiotic condition and it likely promoted AM fungal colonization, as the mutants exhibited higher colonization levels and arbuscule incidence than wild-type at early stages. Similar to SlGH3.4, OsGH3.2 showed symbiotic expression in cortical cells that have formed mature arbuscules. At late stages of symbiosis, Osgh3.2 mutants showed elongated cortical cells and larger arbuscules than wild-type, indicating elevated auxin level in the colonized cells. Together, these results revealed both asymbiotic and symbiotic roles of OsGH3.2 in modulating rice root architecture and controlling auxin levels in arbusculated cells, which further affected colonization rate and arbuscule phenotype.
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Guo R, Wu YN, Liu CC, Liu YN, Tian L, Cheng JF, Pan Z, Wang D, Wang B. OsADK1, a novel kinase regulating arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice. New Phytol 2022; 234:256-268. [PMID: 35133010 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis relies on the formation of arbuscules for efficient nutrient exchange between plants and AM fungi. In this study, we identified a novel kinase gene in rice named OsADK1 (Arbuscule Development Kinase 1) that is required for arbuscule development. By obtaining OsADK1pro::GUS transgenic rice plants and also generating Osadk1 mutants via CRISPR/Cas9 technique, OsADK1 was revealed to be specifically induced in the arbusculated cortical cells and mutations in OsADK1 resulted in an extremely low colonisation rate (c. 3%) of rice roots by AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. In the mutant roots, the very few observed arbuscules nearly all arrested at an early 'trunk-forming' phase without forming any branches. Increasing the inoculum strength of AM fungus or cocultivation with a wild-type nurse plant did not result in the rescue of the arbuscule phenotype. Transcriptome sequencing of both nursed and un-nursed Osadk1 mutants then revealed that the mutation of OsADK1 could greatly affect the AM symbiotic programme, including many key transcription factors such as RAM1 and WRI5. OsADK1 therefore represents a new rice kinase that is required for arbuscule branching. Its identification opens a new window to explore the elaborate signal transduction pathway that determines arbuscule development during plant-fungus symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cheng-Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying-Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian-Fei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Wang P, Jiang H, Boeren S, Dings H, Kulikova O, Bisseling T, Limpens E. A nuclear-targeted effector of Rhizophagus irregularis interferes with histone 2B mono-ubiquitination to promote arbuscular mycorrhisation. New Phytol 2021; 230:1142-1155. [PMID: 33507543 PMCID: PMC8048545 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Arguably, symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have the broadest host range of all fungi, being able to intracellularly colonise root cells in the vast majority of all land plants. This raises the question how AM fungi effectively deal with the immune systems of such a widely diverse range of plants. Here, we studied the role of a nuclear-localisation signal-containing effector from Rhizophagus irregularis, called Nuclear Localised Effector1 (RiNLE1), that is highly and specifically expressed in arbuscules. We showed that RiNLE1 is able to translocate to the host nucleus where it interacts with the plant core nucleosome protein histone 2B (H2B). RiNLE1 is able to impair the mono-ubiquitination of H2B, which results in the suppression of defence-related gene expression and enhanced colonisation levels. This study highlights a novel mechanism by which AM fungi can effectively control plant epigenetic modifications through direct interaction with a core nucleosome component. Homologues of RiNLE1 are found in a range of fungi that establish intimate interactions with plants, suggesting that this type of effector may be more widely recruited to manipulate host defence responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708 PBthe Netherlands
| | - Henan Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708 PBthe Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of BiochemistryWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708 WEthe Netherlands
| | - Harm Dings
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708 PBthe Netherlands
| | - Olga Kulikova
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708 PBthe Netherlands
| | - Ton Bisseling
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708 PBthe Netherlands
| | - Erik Limpens
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708 PBthe Netherlands
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Kokkoris V, Lekberg Y, Antunes PM, Fahey C, Fordyce JA, Kivlin SN, Hart MM. Codependency between plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities: what is the evidence? New Phytol 2020; 228:828-838. [PMID: 32452032 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
That arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi covary with plant communities is clear, and many papers report nonrandom associations between symbiotic partners. However, these studies do not test the causal relationship, or 'codependency', whereby the composition of one guild affects the composition of the other. Here we outline underlying requirements for codependency, compare important drivers for both plant and AM fungal communities, and assess how host preference - a pre-requisite for codependency - changes across spatiotemporal scales and taxonomic resolution for both plants and AM fungi. We find few examples in the literature designed to test for codependency and those that do have been conducted within plots or mesocosms. Also, while plants and AM fungi respond similarly to coarse environmental filters, most variation remains unexplained, with host identity explaining less than 30% of the variation in AM fungal communities. These results combined question the likelihood of predictable co-occurrence, and therefore evolution of codependency, between plant and AM fungal taxa across locations. We argue that codependency is most likely to occur in homogeneous environments where specific plant - AM fungal pairings have functional consequences for the symbiosis. We end by outlining critical aspects to consider moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Kokkoris
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch and University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59833, USA
| | - Pedro M Antunes
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Catherine Fahey
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - James A Fordyce
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Stephanie N Kivlin
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Miranda M Hart
- Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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12
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Rillig MC, Aguilar-Trigueros CA, Anderson IC, Antonovics J, Ballhausen MB, Bergmann J, Bielcik M, Chaudhary VB, Deveautour C, Grünfeld L, Hempel S, Lakovic M, Lammel DR, Lehmann A, Lehmann J, Leifheit EF, Liang Y, Li E, Lozano YM, Manntschke A, Mansour I, Oviatt P, Pinek L, Powell JR, Roy J, Ryo M, Sosa-Hernández MA, Veresoglou SD, Wang D, Yang G, Zhang H. Myristate and the ecology of AM fungi: significance, opportunities, applications and challenges. New Phytol 2020; 227:1610-1614. [PMID: 32147825 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A recent study by Sugiura and coworkers reported the non-symbiotic growth and spore production of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, when the fungus received an external supply of certain fatty acids, myristates (C:14). This discovery follows the insight that AM fungi receive fatty acids from their hosts when in symbiosis. If this result holds up and can be repeated under nonsterile conditions and with a broader range of fungi, it has numerous consequences for our understanding of AM fungal ecology, from the level of the fungus, at the plant community level, and to functional consequences in ecosystems. In addition, myristate may open up several avenues from a more applied perspective, including improved fungal culture and supplementation of AM fungi or inoculum in the field. We here map these potential opportunities, and additionally offer thoughts on potential risks of this potentially new technology. Lastly, we discuss the specific research challenges that need to be overcome to come to an understanding of the potential role of myristate in AM ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Trigueros
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Janis Antonovics
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Max-Bernhard Ballhausen
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joana Bergmann
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Milos Bielcik
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - V Bala Chaudhary
- Department of Environmental Science and Studies, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | - Coline Deveautour
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- Environment, Soils and Land-Use Department, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Y35 Y521, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - Leonie Grünfeld
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Milica Lakovic
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel R Lammel
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Eva F Leifheit
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yun Liang
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erqin Li
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yudi M Lozano
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Manntschke
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - India Mansour
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Oviatt
- Program in History, Anthropology and Science and Technology Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Liliana Pinek
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeff R Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Julien Roy
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Masahiro Ryo
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moisés A Sosa-Hernández
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stavros D Veresoglou
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gaowen Yang
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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13
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Dueñas JF, Camenzind T, Roy J, Hempel S, Homeier J, Suárez JP, Rillig MC. Moderate phosphorus additions consistently affect community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador. New Phytol 2020; 227:1505-1518. [PMID: 32368801 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic atmospheric deposition can increase nutrient supply in the most remote ecosystems, potentially affecting soil biodiversity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities rapidly respond to simulated soil eutrophication in tropical forests. Yet the limited spatio-temporal extent of such manipulations, together with the often unrealistically high fertilization rates employed, impedes generalization of such responses. We sequenced mixed root AMF communities within a seven year-long fully factorial nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition experiment, replicated at three tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador with differing environmental characteristics. We hypothesized: strong shifts in community composition and species richness after long-term fertilization, site- and clade-specific responses to N vs P additions depending on local soil fertility and clade life history traits respectively. Fertilization consistently shifted AMF community composition across sites, but only reduced richness of Glomeraceae. Compositional changes were mainly driven by increases in P supply while richness reductions were observed only after combined N and P additions. We conclude that moderate increases of N and P exert a mild but consistent effect on tropical AMF communities. To predict the consequences of these shifts, current results need to be supplemented with experiments that characterize local species-specific AMF functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Dueñas
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Tessa Camenzind
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Julien Roy
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Plant Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37073, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Suárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
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14
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Soudzilovskaia NA, Vaessen S, Barcelo M, He J, Rahimlou S, Abarenkov K, Brundrett MC, Gomes SIF, Merckx V, Tedersoo L. FungalRoot: global online database of plant mycorrhizal associations. New Phytol 2020; 227:955-966. [PMID: 32239516 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Testing of ecological, biogeographical and phylogenetic hypotheses of mycorrhizal traits requires a comprehensive reference dataset about plant mycorrhizal associations. Here we present a database, FungalRoot, which summarizes publicly available data about vascular plant mycorrhizal type and intensity of root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi, accompanied with rich metadata. We compiled and digitized data about plant mycorrhizal colonization in nine widespread languages. The present version of the FungalRoot database contains 36 303 species-by-site observations for 14 870 plant species, tripling the previously available compiled information about plant mycorrhizal associations. Based on these data, we provide a recommended list of genus-level plant mycorrhizal associations, based on the majority of data for species and careful analysis of conflicting data. The majority of ectomycorrhizal and ericoid mycorrhizal plants are trees (92%) and shrubs (85%), respectively. The majority of arbuscular and nonmycorrhizal plant species are herbaceous (50% and 70%, respectively). Our publicly available database is a powerful resource for mycorrhizal scientists and ecologists. It features possibilities for dynamic updating and addition of data about plant mycorrhizal associations. The new database will promote research on plant and fungal biogeography and evolution, and on links between above- and belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stijn Vaessen
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Milagros Barcelo
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jinhong He
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, 510650, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saleh Rahimlou
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kessy Abarenkov
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mark C Brundrett
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sofia I F Gomes
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent Merckx
- Understanding Evolution Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2332 AA, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
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15
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Giesemann P, Rasmussen HN, Liebel HT, Gebauer G. Discreet heterotrophs: green plants that receive fungal carbon through Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhiza. New Phytol 2020; 226:960-966. [PMID: 31837155 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Giesemann
- Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hanne N Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Nature Resource Management, Section of Forest, Nature and Biomass, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heiko T Liebel
- Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
- Biological Station Murnauer Moos, 82418, Murnau, Germany
| | - Gerhard Gebauer
- Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Pickles
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Harborne Building, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK
| | - Camille Truong
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Zona Deportiva s.n., Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-367, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | | | - C Guillermo Bueno
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
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17
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Hause B. Elevated CO 2 -induced improvement of mycorrhization - which players lie in-between? New Phytol 2019; 224:5-7. [PMID: 31325386 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D06120, Halle, Germany
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18
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An J, Zeng T, Ji C, de Graaf S, Zheng Z, Xiao TT, Deng X, Xiao S, Bisseling T, Limpens E, Pan Z. A Medicago truncatula SWEET transporter implicated in arbuscule maintenance during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. New Phytol 2019; 224:396-408. [PMID: 31148173 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants form a mutualistic symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which facilitates the acquisition of scarce minerals from the soil. In return, the host plants provide sugars and lipids to its fungal partner. However, the mechanism by which the AM fungi obtain sugars from the plant has remained elusive. In this study we investigated the role of potential SWEET family sugar exporters in AM symbiosis in Medicago truncatula. We show that M. truncatula SWEET1b transporter is strongly upregulated in arbuscule-containing cells compared to roots and localizes to the peri-arbuscular membrane, across which nutrient exchange takes place. Heterologous expression of MtSWEET1b in a yeast hexose transport mutant showed that it mainly transports glucose. Overexpression of MtSWEET1b in M. truncatula roots promoted the growth of intraradical mycelium during AM symbiosis. Surprisingly, two independent Mtsweet1b mutants, which are predicted to produce truncated protein variants impaired in glucose transport, exhibited no significant defects in AM symbiosis. However, arbuscule-specific overexpression of MtSWEET1bY57A/G58D , which are considered to act in a dominant-negative manner, resulted in enhanced collapse of arbuscules. Taken together, our results reveal a (redundant) role for MtSWEET1b in the transport of glucose across the peri-arbuscular membrane to maintain arbuscules for a healthy mutually beneficial symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong An
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tian Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chuanya Ji
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sanne de Graaf
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zijun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ting Ting Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shunyuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research & Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland College Park, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Ton Bisseling
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Limpens
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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19
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Chiapello M, Das D, Gutjahr C. Ramf: An Open-Source R Package for Statistical Analysis and Display of Quantitative Root Colonization by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1184. [PMID: 31611898 PMCID: PMC6777641 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Data analysis and graphical representation form an essential part of scientific research dissemination. The life-science community is moving towards a more transparent presentation of single data points or data distributions and away from mean values displayed as bar charts. To facilitate transparent data display to the mycorrhiza community, we present "Ramf" an open-source R package for statistical analysis and preparation of a variety of publication-ready plots, custom-made for analyzing and displaying quantitative root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi or any kind of data to be displayed in the same format. Ramf replaces the scripting needed for data analysis and can be readily used by researchers not acquainted with R. In addition, the package is open to improvements by the community. Ramf is available at https://github.com/mchiapello/Ramf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chiapello
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Torino, Italy
| | - Debatosh Das
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
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20
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Martínez-Medina A, Pescador L, Fernández I, Rodríguez-Serrano M, García JM, Romero-Puertas MC, Pozo MJ. Nitric oxide and phytoglobin PHYTOGB1 are regulatory elements in the Solanum lycopersicum-Rhizophagus irregularis mycorrhizal symbiosis. New Phytol 2019; 223:1560-1574. [PMID: 31066909 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory role of nitric oxide (NO) and phytoglobins in plant response to pathogenic and mutualistic microbes has been evidenced. However, little is known about their function in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. We investigated whether NO and phytoglobin PHYTOGB1 are regulatory components in the AM symbiosis. Rhizophagus irregularis in vitro-grown cultures and tomato plants were used to monitor AM-associated NO-related root responses as compared to responses triggered by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. A genetic approach was conducted to understand the role of PHYTOGB1 on NO signaling during both interactions. After a common early peak in NO levels in response to both fungi, a specific NO accumulation pattern was triggered in tomato roots during the onset of the AM interaction. PHYTOGB1 was upregulated by the AM interaction. By contrast, the pathogen triggered a continuous NO accumulation and a strong downregulation of PHYTOGB1. Manipulation of PHYTOGB1 levels in overexpressing and silenced roots led to a deregulation of NO levels and altered mycorrhization and pathogen infection. We demonstrate that the onset of the AM symbiosis is associated with a specific NO-related signature in the host root. We propose that NO regulation by PHYTOGB1 is a regulatory component of the AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Leyre Pescador
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Iván Fernández
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Serrano
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Juan M García
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
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21
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Fernández I, Cosme M, Stringlis IA, Yu K, de Jonge R, van Wees SM, Pozo MJ, Pieterse CMJ, van der Heijden MGA. Molecular dialogue between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the nonhost plant Arabidopsis thaliana switches from initial detection to antagonism. New Phytol 2019; 223:867-881. [PMID: 30883790 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 29% of all vascular plant species are unable to establish an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Despite this, AM fungi (Rhizophagus spp.) are enriched in the root microbiome of the nonhost Arabidopsis thaliana, and Arabidopsis roots become colonized when AM networks nurtured by host plants are available. Here, we investigated the nonhost-AM fungus interaction by analyzing transcriptional changes in Rhizophagus, Arabidopsis and the host plant Medicago truncatula while growing in the same mycorrhizal network. In early interaction stages, Rhizophagus activated the Arabidopsis strigolactone biosynthesis genes CCD7 and CCD8, suggesting that detection of AM fungi is not completely impaired. However, in colonized Arabidopsis roots, fungal nutrient transporter genes GintPT, GintAMT2, GintMST2 and GintMST4, essential for AM symbiosis, were not activated. RNA-seq transcriptome analysis pointed to activation of costly defenses in colonized Arabidopsis roots. Moreover, Rhizophagus colonization caused a 50% reduction in shoot biomass, but also led to enhanced systemic immunity against Botrytis cinerea. This suggests that early signaling between AM fungi and Arabidopsis is not completely impaired and that incompatibility appears at later interaction stages. Moreover, Rhizophagus-mediated defenses coincide with reduced Arabidopsis growth, but also with systemic disease resistance, highlighting the multifunctional role of AM fungi in host and nonhost interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Fernández
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Cosme
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ioannis A Stringlis
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ke Yu
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ronnie de Jonge
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - SaskiaC M van Wees
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel G A van der Heijden
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Plant-Soil-Interactions, Agroscope, Zürich, 8046, Switzerland
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22
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Montero H, Choi J, Paszkowski U. Arbuscular mycorrhizal phenotyping: the dos and don'ts. New Phytol 2019; 221:1182-1186. [PMID: 30222191 PMCID: PMC7463165 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Montero
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Jeongmin Choi
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
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23
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Rivero J, Álvarez D, Flors V, Azcón-Aguilar C, Pozo MJ. Root metabolic plasticity underlies functional diversity in mycorrhiza-enhanced stress tolerance in tomato. New Phytol 2018; 220:1322-1336. [PMID: 29982997 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses can improve plant tolerance to multiple stresses. We compared three AM fungi (AMF) from different genera, one of them isolated from a dry and saline environment, in terms of their ability to increase tomato tolerance to moderate or severe drought or salt stress. Plant physiological parameters and metabolic profiles were compared in order to find the molecular mechanisms underlying plant protection against stress. Mycorrhizal growth response was determined, and ultrahigh-performance LC-MS was used to compare the metabolic profile of plants under the different treatments. All AMF increased plant tolerance to stress, and the positive effects of the symbiosis were correlated with the severity of the stress. The AMF isolated from the stressful environment was the most effective in improving plant tolerance to salt stress. Differentially accumulated compounds were identified and the antistress properties of some of them were confirmed. We demonstrate that AM symbioses increase plant metabolic plasticity to cope with stress. Some responses were common to all AMF tested, while others were specifically related to particular isolates. Important metabolism reprograming was evidenced upon salt stress, and we identified metabolic pathways and compounds differentially accumulated in mycorrhizas that may underlie their enhanced tolerance to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rivero
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Domingo Álvarez
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Víctor Flors
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, CSIC Associated Unit, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Campus del Riu Sec, Castellón de la Plana 12071, Spain
| | - Concepción Azcón-Aguilar
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
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Martín-Robles N, Lehmann A, Seco E, Aroca R, Rillig MC, Milla R. Impacts of domestication on the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of 27 crop species. New Phytol 2018; 218:322-334. [PMID: 29281758 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is key to plant nutrition, and hence is potentially key in sustainable agriculture. Fertilization and other agricultural practices reduce soil AM fungi and root colonization. Such conditions might promote the evolution of low mycorrhizal responsive crops. Therefore, we ask if and how evolution under domestication has altered AM symbioses of crops. We measured the effect of domestication on mycorrhizal responsiveness across 27 crop species and their wild progenitors. Additionally, in a subset of 14 crops, we tested if domestication effects differed under contrasting phosphorus (P) availabilities. The response of AM symbiosis to domestication varied with P availability. On average, wild progenitors benefited from the AM symbiosis irrespective of P availability, while domesticated crops only profited under P-limited conditions. Magnitudes and directions of response were diverse among the 27 crops, and were unrelated to phylogenetic affinities or to the coordinated evolution with fine root traits. Our results indicate disruptions in the efficiency of the AM symbiosis linked to domestication. Under high fertilization, domestication could have altered the regulation of resource trafficking between AM fungi and associated plant hosts. Provided that crops are commonly raised under high fertilization, this result has important implications for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Martín-Robles
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Institut für Biologie, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erica Seco
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rubén Milla
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
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25
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Carotenuto G, Chabaud M, Miyata K, Capozzi M, Takeda N, Kaku H, Shibuya N, Nakagawa T, Barker DG, Genre A. The rice LysM receptor-like kinase OsCERK1 is required for the perception of short-chain chitin oligomers in arbuscular mycorrhizal signaling. New Phytol 2017; 214:1440-1446. [PMID: 28369864 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The rice lysin-motif (LysM) receptor-like kinase OsCERK1 is now known to have a dual role in both pathogenic and symbiotic interactions. Following the recent discovery that the Oscerk1 mutant is unable to host arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, we have examined whether OsCERK1 is directly involved in the perception of the short-chain chitin oligomers (Myc-COs) identified in AM fungal exudates and shown to activate nuclear calcium (Ca2+ ) spiking in the rice root epidermis. An Oscerk1 knockout mutant expressing the cameleon NLS-YC2.60 was used to monitor nuclear Ca2+ signaling following root treatment with either crude fungal exudates or purified Myc-COs. Compared with wild-type rice, Ca2+ spiking responses to AM fungal elicitation were absent in root atrichoblasts of the Oscerk1 mutant. By contrast, rice lines mutated in OsCEBiP, encoding the LysM receptor-like protein which associates with OsCERK1 to perceive chitin elicitors of the host immune defense pathway, responded positively to Myc-COs. These findings provide direct evidence that the bi-functional OsCERK1 plays a central role in perceiving short-chain Myc-CO signals and activating the downstream conserved symbiotic signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Carotenuto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Mireille Chabaud
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), INRA-CNRS-Toulouse University, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
| | - Kana Miyata
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Martina Capozzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Naoya Takeda
- National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB)/SOKENDAI, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hanae Kaku
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Naoto Shibuya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakagawa
- National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB)/SOKENDAI, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - David G Barker
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), INRA-CNRS-Toulouse University, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
| | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
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26
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Koch AM, Antunes PM, Maherali H, Hart MM, Klironomos JN. Evolutionary asymmetry in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: conservatism in fungal morphology does not predict host plant growth. New Phytol 2017; 214:1330-1337. [PMID: 28186629 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are obligate symbionts that can influence plant growth, the magnitude and direction of these effects are highly variable within fungal genera and even among isolates within species, as well as among plant taxa. To determine whether variability in AM fungal morphology and growth is correlated with AM fungal effects on plant growth, we established a common garden experiment with 56 AM fungal isolates comprising 17 genera and six families growing with three plant host species. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal morphology and growth was highly conserved among isolates of the same species and among species within a family. By contrast, plant growth response to fungal inoculation was highly variable, with the majority of variation occurring among different isolates of the same AM fungal species. Our findings show that host performance cannot be predicted from AM fungal morphology and growth traits. Divergent effects on plant growth among isolates within an AM fungal species may be caused by coevolution between co-occurring fungal and plant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Koch
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Pedro M Antunes
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6B 2G4, Canada
| | - Hafiz Maherali
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Miranda M Hart
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - John N Klironomos
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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27
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Kamel L, Keller-Pearson M, Roux C, Ané JM. Biology and evolution of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in the light of genomics. New Phytol 2017; 213:531-536. [PMID: 27780291 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
531 I. 531 II. 532 III. 532 IV. 534 V. 534 535 References 535 SUMMARY: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associate with the vast majority of land plants, providing mutual nutritional benefits and protecting hosts against biotic and abiotic stresses. Significant progress was made recently in our understanding of the genomic organization, the obligate requirements, and the sexual nature of these fungi through the release and subsequent mining of genome sequences. Genomic and genetic approaches also improved our understanding of the signal repertoire used by AM fungi and their plant hosts to recognize each other for the initiation and maintenance of this association. Evolutionary and bioinformatic analyses of host and nonhost plant genomes represent novel ways with which to decipher host mechanisms controlling these associations and shed light on the stepwise acquisition of this genetic toolkit during plant evolution. Mining fungal and plant genomes along with evolutionary and genetic approaches will improve understanding of these symbiotic associations and, in the long term, their usefulness in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Kamel
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge-Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Agronutrition SA, rue Pierre et Marie Curie Immeuble Biostep, 31670, Labège, France
| | - Michelle Keller-Pearson
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Christophe Roux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge-Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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28
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Kikuchi Y, Hijikata N, Ohtomo R, Handa Y, Kawaguchi M, Saito K, Masuta C, Ezawa T. Aquaporin-mediated long-distance polyphosphate translocation directed towards the host in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: application of virus-induced gene silencing. New Phytol 2016; 211:1202-8. [PMID: 27136716 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi translocate polyphosphate through hyphae over a long distance to deliver to the host. More than three decades ago, suppression of host transpiration was found to decelerate phosphate delivery of the fungal symbiont, leading us to hypothesize that transpiration provides a primary driving force for polyphosphate translocation, probably via creating hyphal water flow in which fungal aquaporin(s) may be involved. The impact of transpiration suppression on polyphosphate translocation through hyphae of Rhizophagus clarus was evaluated. An aquaporin gene expressed in intraradical mycelia was characterized and knocked down by virus-induced gene silencing to investigate the involvement of the gene in polyphosphate translocation. Rhizophagus clarus aquaporin 3 (RcAQP3) that was most highly expressed in intraradical mycelia encodes an aquaglyceroporin responsible for water transport across the plasma membrane. Knockdown of RcAQP3 as well as the suppression of host transpiration decelerated polyphosphate translocation in proportion to the levels of knockdown and suppression, respectively. These results provide the first insight into the mechanism underlying long-distance polyphosphate translocation in mycorrhizal associations at the molecular level, in which host transpiration and the fungal aquaporin play key roles. A hypothetical model of the translocation is proposed for further elucidation of the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Nowaki Hijikata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ryo Ohtomo
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Sapporo, 062-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Handa
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuharu Saito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Chikara Masuta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ezawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
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29
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Huisman R, Hontelez J, Mysore KS, Wen J, Bisseling T, Limpens E. A symbiosis-dedicated SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS 13II isoform controls the formation of a stable host-microbe interface in symbiosis. New Phytol 2016; 211:1338-51. [PMID: 27110912 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobium bacteria are accommodated in specialized membrane compartments that form a host-microbe interface. To better understand how these interfaces are made, we studied the regulation of exocytosis during interface formation. We used a phylogenetic approach to identify target soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors (t-SNAREs) that are dedicated to symbiosis and used cell-specific expression analysis together with protein localization to identify t-SNAREs that are present on the host-microbe interface in Medicago truncatula. We investigated the role of these t-SNAREs during the formation of a host-microbe interface. We showed that multiple syntaxins are present on the peri-arbuscular membrane. From these, we identified SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS 13II (SYP13II) as a t-SNARE that is essential for the formation of a stable symbiotic interface in both AM and rhizobium symbiosis. In most dicot plants, the SYP13II transcript is alternatively spliced, resulting in two isoforms, SYP13IIα and SYP13IIβ. These splice-forms differentially mark functional and degrading arbuscule branches. Our results show that vesicle traffic to the symbiotic interface is specialized and required for its maintenance. Alternative splicing of SYP13II allows plants to replace a t-SNARE involved in traffic to the plasma membrane with a t-SNARE that is more stringent in its localization to functional arbuscules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Huisman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Hontelez
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Ton Bisseling
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Limpens
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
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30
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Lekberg Y, Rosendahl S, Olsson PA. The fungal perspective of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in 'nonmycorrhizal' plants. New Phytol 2015; 205:1399-1403. [PMID: 25298202 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch, 1001 S. Higgins Ave, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
- Department for Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Søren Rosendahl
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pål Axel Olsson
- Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
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31
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Johnson D, Vandenkoornhuyse PJ, Leake JR, Gilbert L, Booth RE, Grime JP, Young JPW, Read DJ. Plant communities affect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and community composition in grassland microcosms. New Phytol 2004; 161:503-515. [PMID: 33873500 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi was investigated in an unfertilized limestone grassland soil supporting different synthesized vascular plant assemblages that had developed for 3 yr. • The experimental treatments comprised: bare soil; monocultures of the nonmycotrophic sedge Carex flacca; monocultures of the mycotrophic grass Festuca ovina; and a species-rich mixture of four forbs, four grasses and four sedges. The diversity of AM fungi was analysed in roots of Plantago lanceolata bioassay seedlings using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The extent of AM colonization, shoot biomass and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were also measured. • The AM diversity was affected significantly by the floristic composition of the microcosms and shoot phosphorus concentration was positively correlated with AM diversity. The diversity of AM fungi in P. lanceolata decreased in the order: bare soil > C. flacca > 12 species > F. ovina. • The unexpectedly high diversity in the bare soil and sedge monoculture likely reflects differences in the modes of colonization and sources of inoculum in these treatments compared with the assemblages containing established AM-compatible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Johnson
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Present address: School of Biological Sciences, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Philippe J Vandenkoornhuyse
- Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jonathan R Leake
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Lucy Gilbert
- School of Biology, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Rosemary E Booth
- Unit of Comparative Plant Ecology, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - J Philip Grime
- Unit of Comparative Plant Ecology, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - J Peter W Young
- Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK
| | - David J Read
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Kyllo DA, Velez V, Tyree MT. Combined effects of arbuscular mycorrhizas and light on water uptake of the neotropical understory shrubs, Piper and Psychotria. New Phytol 2003; 160:443-454. [PMID: 33832172 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• Root hydraulic conductance (Kr ) was measured for five understory shrub species of the neotropical moist forest to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) for both carbon-rich and carbon-limited host plants. • Kr was measured using a high pressure flow meter (HPFM) for potted plants grown in a factorial combination of AM fungi (presence/absence) and light (3.5 and 30% of full sun, low/high). • AM colonization improved Kr for the more shade-tolerant species plants when growing in low light. By contrast, water uptake efficiency of the light-demanding species was significantly decreased by AM fungi in high light. Regardless of AM colonization, light-demanding species had a lower capacity than shade-tolerant species to meet transpirational demands, and they allocated substantially more to fine root production relative to leaf area when colonized. • The differential effects of AM colonization and light on a species' root hydraulic conductance in relation to phylogeny and light adaptation demonstrate that AM fungi may be critical in determining early plant succession and community composition not only due to effects on nutrient uptake, but on water uptake as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damond A Kyllo
- University of Missouri-St. Louis, Department of Biology, 8001 Natural Bridge Rd., St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
| | - Virginia Velez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 2072, Balboa, Panama
| | - Melvin T Tyree
- USDA Forest Service, Aiken Foresty Sciences Laboratory, PO Box 968, South Burlington, Vermont 05402, USA
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