1
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Ge W, Sun YC, Qiao T, Liu HX, He TR, Wang JJ, Chen CL, Cheng SF, Dyce PW, De Felici M, Shen W. Murine skin-derived multipotent papillary dermal fibroblast progenitors show germline potential in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:17. [PMID: 36737797 PMCID: PMC9898921 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many laboratories have described the in vitro isolation of multipotent cells with stem cell properties from the skin of various species termed skin-derived stem cells (SDSCs). However, the cellular origin of these cells and their capability to give rise, among various cell types, to male germ cells, remain largely unexplored. METHODS SDSCs were isolated from newborn mice skin, and then differentiated into primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) in vitro. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was then applied to dissect the cellular origin of SDSCs using cells isolated from newborn mouse skin and SDSC colonies. Based on an optimized culture strategy, we successfully generated spermatogonial stem cell-like cells (SSCLCs) in vitro. RESULTS Here, using scRNA-seq and analyzing the profile of 7543 single-cell transcriptomes from newborn mouse skin and SDSCs, we discovered that they mainly consist of multipotent papillary dermal fibroblast progenitors (pDFPs) residing in the dermal layer. Moreover, we found that epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling is pivotal for the capability of these progenitors to proliferate and form large colonies in vitro. Finally, we optimized the protocol to efficiently generate PGCLCs from SDSCs. Furthermore, PGCLCs were induced into SSCLCs and these SSCLCs showed meiotic potential when cultured with testicular organoids. CONCLUSIONS Our findings here identify pDFPs as SDSCs derived from newborn skin and show for the first time that such precursors can be induced to generate cells of the male germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ge
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Yuan-Chao Sun
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Tian Qiao
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Hai-Xia Liu
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Tao-Ran He
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Chun-Lei Chen
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Shun-Feng Cheng
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Paul W. Dyce
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Massimo De Felici
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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2
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Roshandel E, Mehravar M, Nikoonezhad M, Alizadeh AM, Majidi M, Salimi M, Hajifathali A. Cell-Based Therapy Approaches in Treatment of Non-obstructive Azoospermia. Reprod Sci 2022; 30:1482-1494. [PMID: 36380137 PMCID: PMC9666961 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rate of infertility has globally increased in recent years for a variety of reasons. One of the main causes of infertility in men is azoospermia that is defined by the absence of sperm in the ejaculate and classified into two categories: obstructive azoospermia and non-obstructive azoospermia. In non-obstructive azoospermia, genital ducts are not obstructed, but the testicles do not produce sperm at all, due to various reasons. Non-obstructive azoospermia in most cases has no therapeutic options other than assisted reproductive techniques, which in most cases require sperm donors. Here we discuss cell-based therapy approaches to restore fertility in men with non-obstructive azoospermia including cell-based therapies of non-obstructive azoospermia using regenerative medicine and cell-based therapies of non-obstructive azoospermia by paracrine and anti-inflammatory pathway, technical and ethical challenges for using different cell sources and alternative options will be described, and then the more effectual approaches will be mentioned as future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Roshandel
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985711151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mehravar
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985711151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nikoonezhad
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985711151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Majidi
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985711151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Hajifathali
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985711151, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Dong MH, Kim YY, Ku SY. Identification of Stem Cell-Like Cells in the Ovary. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:675-685. [PMID: 35119648 PMCID: PMC9294092 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the function of stem cells and cellular microenvironments in in vitro oogenesis, including ovarian folliculogenesis, is crucial for reproductive biology. Because mammalian females cannot generate oocytes after birth, the number of oocyte decreases with the progression of reproductive age. Meanwhile, there is an emerging need for the neogenesis of female germ cells to treat the increasing infertility-related issues in cancer survivors. The concept of oocytes neogenesis came from the promising results of stem cells in reproductive medicine. The stem cells that generate oocytes are defined as stem cell-like cells in the ovary (OSCs). Several recent studies have focused on the origin, isolation, and characteristic of OSCs and the differentiation of OSCs into oocytes, ovarian follicles and granulosa cells. Hence, in this review, we focus on the experimental trends in OSC research and discuss the methods of OSC isolation. We further summarized the characteristics of OSCs and discuss the markers used to identify OSCs differentiated from various cell sources. We believe that this review will be beneficial for advancing the research and clinical applications of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hoon Dong
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Premedicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Yoon Young Kim
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 71 Ihwajang-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 71 Ihwajang-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
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4
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Sheikholeslami A, Kalhor N, Sheykhhasan M, Jannatifar R, Sahraei SS. Evaluating differentiation potential of the human menstrual blood-derived stem cells from infertile women into oocyte-like cells. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100477. [PMID: 33401233 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the most intricate infertility problems among women is the number and quality of the oocytes. Menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) are a recently discovered source of mesenchymal stem cells which is known as a suitable source of cells for regenerative medicine. We aimed to investigate whether MenSCs as autologous cell source from endometriosis, PCOS, and healthy women have different characteristics regarding their morphology, CD marker expression pattern, differentiation potential into oocyte-like cells, and oocyte-related genes expression. Menstrual blood samples (1-2 ml) from healthy and infertile women (PCOS and endometriosis) in the age range of 22-35 years were collected. Isolated MenSCs by the Ficoll-Paque density-gradient centrifugation method was characterized by flow cytometry. MenSCs were induced under 20 % follicular fluid (FF), and then they were evaluated for differentiation by Real time-PCR and immunocytochemistry assay. MenSCs derived from endometriosis women had different morphology from PCOS and healthy women, but similar regarding their CD marker pattern. All induced MenSCs showed morphological changes and expressed oocyte related genes (STELLA, GDF9, STRA8, PRDM, LHR, FSHR, SCP3, DDX4, and ZP2) in the 2nd week of culture, but there was a significant difference between the groups. Endometriosis-derived MenSCs showed higher levels of both gene and protein expressions. These findings propose that MenSCs derived from endometriosis and PCOS patients under 20 % FF, not only could differentiate into oocyte-like cells, but also showed more differential potential in comparison with healthy women. This indicates the possibility of using the patients' own MenSCs to differentiate into the oocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Sheikholeslami
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Naser Kalhor
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Rahil Jannatifar
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Saeideh Sahraei
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran; Department of Reproductive Biology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran.
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5
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Li L, Yang R, Yin C, Kee K. Studying human reproductive biology through single-cell analysis and in vitro differentiation of stem cells into germ cell-like cells. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:670-688. [PMID: 32464645 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of human reproductive development has been limited by the scarcity of human samples and ethical constraints. Recently, in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into germ cells and single-cell analyses have opened new avenues to directly study human germ cells and identify unique mechanisms in human reproductive development. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The goal of this review is to collate novel findings and insightful discoveries with these new methodologies, aiming at introducing researchers and clinicians to the use of these tools to study human reproductive biology and develop treatments for infertility. SEARCH METHODS PubMed was used to search articles and reviews with the following main keywords: in vitro differentiation, human stem cells, single-cell analysis, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, germ cells and other key terms related to these subjects. The search period included all publications from 2000 until now. OUTCOMES Single-cell analyses of human gonads have identified many important gene markers at different developmental stages and in subpopulations of cells. To validate the functional roles of these gene markers, researchers have used the in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent cells into germ cells and confirmed that some genetic requirements are unique in human germ cells and are not conserved in mouse models. Moreover, transcriptional regulatory networks and the interaction of germ and somatic cells in gonads were elucidated in these studies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Single-cell analyses allow researchers to identify gene markers and potential regulatory networks using limited clinical samples. On the other hand, in vitro differentiation methods provide clinical researchers with tools to examine these newly identify gene markers and study the causative effects of mutations previously associated with infertility. Combining these two methodologies, researchers can identify gene markers and networks which are essential and unique in human reproductive development, thereby producing more accurate diagnostic tools for assessing reproductive disorders and developing treatments for infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Risako Yang
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Kehkooi Kee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Zolfaghar M, Mirzaeian L, Beiki B, Naji T, Moini A, Eftekhari-Yazdi P, Akbarinejad V, Vernengo AJ, Fathi R. Wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into oocyte like cells in vitro by follicular fluid and cumulus cells conditioned medium. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04992. [PMID: 33088934 PMCID: PMC7560581 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wharton's jelly derived-mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) have a same developmental origin with primordial germ cells. WJ-MSCs perhaps differentiate into oocyte and germ like-cells (OLCs/GLCs) in the presence of appropriate inducers. Human follicular fluid (FF) and cumulus cells conditioned medium (CCM) are naturally rich sources for oocyte development. The aim of this study was to evaluate WJ-MSCs potential for differentiating into OLCs and GLCs exposed to FF and CCM. WJ-MSCs were cultured in two different induction media (10% FF, 10% CCM) for 21 days. Morphological changes and expression of developmental genes were evaluated on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 of culture. Also, on 21st day of culture, the expression of oocyte and germ cell proteins investigated using immunofluorescence staining. Appearance of round shaped cells from 7th day onwards indicated that WJ-MSCs can differentiate into OLCs when exposed to FF and CCM. The size of produced OLCs and expression of oocyte specific genes and proteins were increased more positively in FF group rather than CCM group. Although, WJ-MSCs could differentiate into OLCs by FF and CCM, however, the induction potential of FF for producing OLCs was better than CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Zolfaghar
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, IAUPS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Mirzaeian
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Beiki
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Naji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, IAUPS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Eftekhari-Yazdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Akbarinejad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea J Vernengo
- Rowan University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Rouhollah Fathi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Mirzaeian L, Eftekhari-Yazdi P, Esfandiari F, Eivazkhani F, Rezazadeh Valojerdi M, Moini A, Fathi R. Induction of Mouse Peritoneum Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Germ Cell-Like Cells Using Follicular Fluid and Cumulus Cells-Conditioned Media. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:554-564. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mirzaeian
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Eftekhari-Yazdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Esfandiari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Eivazkhani
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rezazadeh Valojerdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Fathi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Virant-Klun I. Functional Testing of Primitive Oocyte-like Cells Developed in Ovarian Surface Epithelium Cell Culture from Small VSEL-like Stem Cells: Can They Be Fertilized One Day? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 14:715-721. [PMID: 29876729 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Data from the literature show that there are different populations of stem cells present in human adult ovaries, including small stem cells resembling very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs). These small ovarian stem cells with diameters of up to 5 μm are present in the ovarian surface epithelium and can grow into bigger, primitive oocyte-like cells that express several markers of a germinal lineage and exhibit pluripotency but not the zona pellucida structure when cultured in vitro. In this report, we present the results of the functional testing of such primitive oocyte-like cells from one patient with premature ovarian failure after insemination with her partners' sperm. Knowing that even immature oocytes collected in an in vitro fertilization program cannot be fertilized naturally, we were only interested in determining whether and how these cells react to added sperm and whether spermatozoa somehow "recognize" them. Interestingly, the primitive oocyte-like cells quickly released a zona pellucida-like structure in the presence of sperm. Two different populations of cells were distinguished, those with a thick and those with a thin zona pellucida-like structure. The primitive oocyte-like cells with a released zona pellucida-like structure expressed the pluripotency-related gene OCT4A (POU5F1) and zona pellucida-related gene ZP3, similar to oocytes obtained from in vitro fertilization but not somatic chondrocytes. In a small proportion of these cells, a single-spermatozoon was observed inside the cytoplasm, but no signs of fertilization were found. These observations may suggest a primitive "cortical reaction". Our data further confirm the presence of germinal stem cells in the ovarian surface epithelium cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Virant-Klun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slajmerjeva 3, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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9
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Ding DC, Chu TY, Liu HW. Dedifferentiation of human uterine polyp stem cells into embryo-like cells during inducing pluripotency. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1586-1598. [PMID: 30263010 PMCID: PMC6158719 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By introduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc, human adult somatic cells can be reprogrammed into embryonic stem cell capable of pluripotent differentiation. In several lines of human endometrial polyp- and cervical polyp-mesenchymal stem cells (EPMSCs and CPMSC), we showed introduction of the four transcription factors led to a dedifferentiation of these cells into early embryo-like cells in three days, ranging from one-cell, two-cell, four-cell embryos, and morula to blastocyst. These early embryo-like cells resembled human early embryo derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) in morphology, and hatching activity. These cells also expressed hypoblast (GATA4) and trophoblast (Cdx2) markers. After culturing the embryo-like cells for one month, the induced pluripotency stem cells (iPSC) could be formed (proved by pluripotency gene expression, by in vitro and in vivo differentiation). C/EBPα expression was also increased in uterine polyps. In contrast, MSCs derived from normal endometrium could not be induced to dedifferentiation to such early embryo-like cells. We conclude that EPMSCs and CPMSCs could be dedifferentiated to early embryo-like cells by the iPSC cocktail. This suggests that polyps of the organ derived from Mullerian duct may harbor epigenetic markers making them vulnerable to reprogramming to the earliest developmental stage. This study provides a simple model to derive early human embryo-like cells by in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Yuan Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hwan-Wun Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital; Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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10
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Yi H, Xiao S, Zhang Y. Stage-specific approaches promote in vitro induction for spermatogenesis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:217-230. [PMID: 29396731 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis in vitro has been demonstrated using spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in monolayer culture or testis tissue fragments in agarose-constructed three-dimensional (3-D) conditions. However, the low efficiency of gamete maturation and the lack of a novel induction platform have limited the progress of its use in further research and clinical applications. Here, we provide modified stage-specific induction approaches for spermatogenesis in in vitro culture with cells possessing a totipotent status. With this stage-specific propagation in a monolayer condition and a changing cytokine combination, we obtained spermatogenic cells in the forward to late meiosis stages with haploid features. Based on this technical platform, we refined a novel serum-free culture system with various cytokines in 3-D Matrigel for spermatogenesis that promote totipotent embryonic stem cells to meiosis stage with distinct SCP3 expression. And we also explored the effects of coculture with fibroblasts, the mutual interactions in the induction conditions promote the mouse embryonic fibroblasts underwent stromal cells differentiation. In further overexpression of spermatogenic gene Dazl in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we found early stage initiation for spermatogenesis, and that will enhanced if cocultured with embryonic stem cells in the induction condition. Our results provide alternative approaches for effective spermatogenesis and support the development of promising avenues for infertility therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sa Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Asgari HR, Akbari M, Yazdekhasti H, Rajabi Z, Navid S, Aliakbari F, Abbasi N, Aval FS, Shams A, Abbasi M. Comparison of Human Amniotic, Chorionic, and Umbilical Cord Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regarding Their Capacity for Differentiation Toward Female Germ Cells. Cell Reprogram 2017; 19:44-53. [PMID: 28112985 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2016.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta harbors a plentiful source of various cells with stem cells or stem-like cell properties, which can be used in therapeutic procedures and research. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted much attention due to their specific differentiation potential and tolerogenic properties. MSCs have been isolated from different parts of placenta; however, in this study, we isolated MSCs from amnion and chorion membrane, as well as umbilical cord (Wharton's jelly [WJ]) and compared their capacity regarding differentiation toward female germ cells under influence of 10 ng/mL BMP4. All placenta samples were collected from delivering mothers by normal cesarean section and cells were isolated by different methods. Results showed that all isolated cells were mostly positive for the MSC markers CD73, CD166, and CD105, and minimally reacted with CD34 and CD45 (hematopoietic markers). After differentiation induction using third passage cultured cells, immunocytochemistry staining showed that cells were positive for germline cell-related genes Ssea4, Oct4, and Ddx4, and oocyte-related gene Gdf9. RT-qPCR results indicated that human chorion MSCs (hCMSCs) had a greater potential to be differentiated into female germline cells. Moreover, the results of this study indicate that human umbilical cord MSCs originated from either male or female umbilical cord have the same differentiation potential into female germline cells. We recommend that for presumptive application of MSCs for infertility treatment and research, hUMSCs are best candidates due to their higher differentiation potential, ease of proliferation and expansion, and low immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Asgari
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akbari
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Yazdekhasti
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rajabi
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadan Navid
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshte Aliakbari
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Abbasi
- 3 Emergency Department of Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Brojen, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Freidon Sargolzaei Aval
- 4 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Shams
- 5 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasi
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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12
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Adib S, Valojerdi MR. Molecular assessment, characterization, and differentiation of theca stem cells imply the presence of mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cells in sheep ovarian theca layer. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:378-387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Sun YC, Ge W, Lai FN, Zhang RQ, Wang JJ, Cheng SF, Shen W, Dyce PW. Oocyte-like cells induced from CD34-positive mouse hair follicle stem cells in vitro. J Genet Genomics 2017; 44:405-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Eyni H, Ghorbani S, Shirazi R, Salari Asl L, P Beiranvand S, Soleimani M. Three-dimensional wet-electrospun poly(lactic acid)/multi-wall carbon nanotubes scaffold induces differentiation of human menstrual blood-derived stem cells into germ-like cells. J Biomater Appl 2017; 32:373-383. [PMID: 28752802 DOI: 10.1177/0885328217723179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infertility caused by the disruption or absence of germ cells is a major and largely incurable medical problem. Germ cells (i.e., sperm or egg) play a key role in the transmission of genetic and epigenetic information across generations. Generation of gametes derived in vitro from stem cells hold promising prospects which could potentially help infertile men and women. Menstrual blood-derived stem cells are a unique stem cell source. Evidence suggests that menstrual blood-derived stem cells exhibit a multi-lineage potential and have attracted extensive attention in regenerative medicine. To maintain the three-dimensional structure of natural extra cellular matrices in vitro, scaffolds can do this favor and mimic a microenvironment for cell proliferation and differentiation. According to previous studies, poly(lactic acid) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes have been introduced as novel and promising biomaterials for the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Some cell types have been successfully grown on a matrix containing carbon nanotubes in tissue engineering but there is no report for this material to support stem cells differentiation into germ cells lineage. This study designed a 3D wet-electrospun poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic acid)/multi-wall carbon nanotubes composite scaffold to compare infiltration, proliferation, and differentiation potential of menstrual blood-derived stem cells toward germ cell lineage with 2D culture. Our primary data revealed that the fabricated scaffold has mechanical and biological suitable qualities for supporting and attachments of stem cells. The differentiated menstrual blood-derived stem cells tracking in scaffolds using scanning electron microscopy confirmed cell attachment, aggregation, and distribution on the porous scaffold. Based on the differentiation assay by RT-PCR analysis, stem cells and germ-like cells markers were expressed in 3D groups as well as 2D one. It seems that poly(lactic acid)/multi-wall carbon nanotubes scaffold-seeded menstrual blood-derived stem cells could be viewed as a novel, safe, and accessible construct for these cells, as they enhance germ-like generation from menstrual blood-derived stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Eyni
- 1 Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sadegh Ghorbani
- 1 Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reza Shirazi
- 2 Department of Anatomical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Leila Salari Asl
- 1 Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Shahram P Beiranvand
- 1 Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- 3 Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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15
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Lai D, Guo Y, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Xiang C. Differentiation of human menstrual blood-derived endometrial mesenchymal stem cells into oocyte-like cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:998-1005. [PMID: 27590065 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (EnSCs) derived from menstrual blood are a unique stem cell source. Evidence suggests that EnSCs exhibit a multi-lineage potential and have attracted extensive attention in regenerative medicine. However, the potential of EnSCs to differentiate into germline cells in vitro remains unclear. In this study, EnSCs were induced to differentiate into germ cells in a differentiation medium supplemented with 20% human follicular fluid. Our results demonstrated that EnSCs derived from human menstrual blood form oocyte-like cells and express germ cell markers. The induced cell aggregates contained not only oocyte-like structures but also cells expressing follicle stimulating hormone receptor and luteotropic hormone receptor, and produced estrogen and progesterone regulated by gonodatropin, suggesting that granulosa-like and theca-like cells were also induced. We further found that granulosa cells promote the development of oocyte-like cells and activate the induction of blastocyst-like structures derived from EnSCs. In conclusion, EnSCs may potentially represent an in vitro system for the investigation of human folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Lai
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ying Guo
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qiuwan Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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16
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Canovas S, Campos R, Aguilar E, Cibelli JB. Progress towards human primordial germ cell specification in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 23:4-15. [PMID: 27798275 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) have long been considered the link between one generation and the next. PGC specification begins in the early embryo as a result of a highly orchestrated combination of transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. Understanding the molecular events that lead to proper PGC development will facilitate the development of new treatments for human infertility as well as species conservation. This article describes the latest, most relevant findings about the mechanisms of PGC formation, emphasizing human PGC. It also discusses our own laboratory's progress in using transdifferentiation protocols to derive human PGCs (hPGCs). Our preliminary results arose from our pursuit of a sequential hPGC induction strategy that starts with the repression of lineage-specific factors in the somatic cell, followed by the reactivation of germ cell-related genes using specific master regulators, which can indeed reactivate germ cell-specific genes in somatic cells. While it is still premature to assume that fully functional human gametes can be obtained in a dish, our results, together with those recently published by others, provide strong evidence that generating their precursors, PGCs, is within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Canovas
- LARCEL, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), C/Severo Ochoa 35, Malaga 29590, Spain
| | - R Campos
- LARCEL, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), C/Severo Ochoa 35, Malaga 29590, Spain
| | - E Aguilar
- LARCEL, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), C/Severo Ochoa 35, Malaga 29590, Spain
| | - J B Cibelli
- LARCEL, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), C/Severo Ochoa 35, Malaga 29590, Spain .,Department of Physiology and Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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17
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Sun R, Sun YC, Ge W, Tan H, Cheng SF, Yin S, Sun XF, Li L, Dyce P, Li J, Yang X, Shi QH, Shen W. The crucial role of Activin A on the formation of primordial germ cell-like cells from skin-derived stem cells in vitro. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3016-29. [PMID: 26406115 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1078031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are founder cells of the germ cell lineage, and can be differentiated from stem cells in an induced system in vitro. However, the induction conditions need to be optimized in order to improve the differentiation efficiency. Activin A (ActA) is a member of the TGF-β super family and plays an important role in oogenesis and folliculogenesis. In the present study, we found that ActA promoted PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) formation from mouse skin-derived stem cells (SDSCs) in both embryoid body-like structure (EBLS) differentiation and the co-culture stage in a dose dependent manner. ActA treatment (100 ng/ml) during EBLS differentiation stage and further co-cultured for 6 days without ActA significantly increased PGCLCs from 53.2% to 82.8%, and as well as EBLS differentiation without ActA followed by co-cultured with 100 ng/ml ActA for 4 to 12 days with the percentage of PGCLCs increasing markedly in vitro. Moreover, mice treated with ActA at 100 ng/kg body weight from embryonic day (E) 5.5-12.5 led to more PGCs formation. However, the stimulating effects of ActA were interrupted by Smad3 RNAi, and in an in vitro cultured Smad3(-/-) mouse skin cells scenario. SMAD3 is thus likely a key effecter molecule in the ActA signaling pathway. In addition, we found that the expression of some epiblast cell markers, Fgf5, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b and Wnt3, was increased in EBLSs cultured for 4 days or PGCLCs co-cultured for 12 days with ActA treatment. Interestingly, at 16 days of differentiation, the percentage of PGCLCs was decreased in the presence of ActA, but the expression of meiosis-relative genes, such as Stra8, Dmc1, Sycp3 and Sycp1, was increased. In conclusion, our data here demonstrated that ActA can promote PGCLC formation from SDSCs in vitro, at early stages of differentiation, and affect meiotic initiation of PGCLCs in later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- a Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China ; Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Yuan-Chao Sun
- b Institute of Reproductive Sciences; Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao ; Shandong , China.,c Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong; College of Animal Science and Technology; Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao ; Shandong , China
| | - Wei Ge
- b Institute of Reproductive Sciences; Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao ; Shandong , China.,c Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong; College of Animal Science and Technology; Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao ; Shandong , China
| | - Hui Tan
- b Institute of Reproductive Sciences; Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao ; Shandong , China.,c Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong; College of Animal Science and Technology; Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao ; Shandong , China
| | - Shun-Feng Cheng
- b Institute of Reproductive Sciences; Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao ; Shandong , China.,c Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong; College of Animal Science and Technology; Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao ; Shandong , China
| | - Shen Yin
- b Institute of Reproductive Sciences; Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao ; Shandong , China.,c Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong; College of Animal Science and Technology; Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao ; Shandong , China
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- b Institute of Reproductive Sciences; Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao ; Shandong , China.,c Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong; College of Animal Science and Technology; Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao ; Shandong , China
| | - Lan Li
- b Institute of Reproductive Sciences; Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao ; Shandong , China.,c Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong; College of Animal Science and Technology; Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao ; Shandong , China
| | - Paul Dyce
- d Department of Animal and Poultry Science ; University of Guelph ; Guelph ; Ontario , Canada
| | - Julang Li
- d Department of Animal and Poultry Science ; University of Guelph ; Guelph ; Ontario , Canada
| | - Xiao Yang
- e Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Beijing Institute of Biotechnology ; Beijing , China
| | - Qing-Hua Shi
- a Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China ; Hefei , Anhui , China.,f Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; Fudan University ; Shanghai , China
| | - Wei Shen
- b Institute of Reproductive Sciences; Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao ; Shandong , China.,c Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong; College of Animal Science and Technology; Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao ; Shandong , China
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18
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Lee YM, Kim TH, Lee JH, Lee WJ, Jeon RH, Jang SJ, Ock SA, Lee SL, Park BW, Rho GJ. Overexpression of Oct4 in porcine ovarian stem/stromal cells enhances differentiation of oocyte-like cells in vitro and ovarian follicular formation in vivo. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:24. [PMID: 27067537 PMCID: PMC4828771 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent findings have revealed that the female gonad may have regenerative activity with having germ line stem cells in juveniles and adults. Application of these germ line stem cells could be an alternative therapy for reproductive disorders in regenerative medicine. Methods To enhance the potency of differentiation into oocyte-like cells (OLCs) and folliculogenesis, we overexpressed Oct4 in ovarian stem/stromal cell (OvSCs) and examined the cellular properties related to stemness and self-renewal ability and finally demonstrated the ability of in vitro differentiation and folliculogenesis. Results Ovarian cortex included putative stem cells in terms of AP activity, cell cycle status, cell proliferation, expression of mesenchymal lineage surface markers and pluripotent transcriptional markers. Further, Oct4 transfected OvSCs (Oct4-OvSCs) were enhanced their AP activity and cell proliferation compared to OvSCs. The potential on in vitro differentiation into OLCs and in vivo folliculogenesis was also evaluated in OvSCs and Oct4-OvSCs, respectively. Oct4-OvSCs possessed higher oogenesis potential in vitro than OvSCs, in terms of expression of germ cell markers by RT-PCR and the number of OLCs. When OvSCs and Oct4-OvSCs were xeno-transplanted into infertile mice ovaries, the OvSCs transplantation induced new primary follicle formation and hormonal levels of estradiol and FSH remained similar to that of normal mice. However, Oct4-OvSCs possessed higher ability for folliculogenesis based on inducing developing follicles with thecal layer and granulosa cells and more similar estradiol level to normal mice. Conclusions These findings demonstrated that putative stem cells were present in ovarian cortex and exhibited differentiation ability into OLCs and folliculogenesis in vivo, and Oct4-overexpression enhanced these ability, suggesting their cellular models based on gene therapy in understanding the mechanisms of oogenesis and folliculogenesis, and finally in view of reproductive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Mi Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryoung-Hoon Jeon
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Jung Jang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-A Ock
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Tamadon A, Mehrabani D, Rahmanifar F, Jahromi AR, Panahi M, Zare S, Khodabandeh Z, Jahromi IR, Tanideh N, Dianatpour M, Ramzi M, Koohi-Hoseinabadi O. Induction of Spermatogenesis by Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Busulfan-induced Azoospermia in Hamster. Int J Stem Cells 2015; 8:134-45. [PMID: 26634062 PMCID: PMC4651278 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2015.8.2.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have potential of differentiation and they secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors which make them appropriate for cell therapy. Aim of the Work Were to evaluate the healing effect of BM-MSCs transplantation on germinal cells of busulfan-induced azoospermic hamsters. Material and Methods In the present experimental case control study, BM-MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of donor albino hamsters. Five mature male recipient hamsters received two doses of 10 mg/kg of busulfan with 21 days interval to stop endogenous spermatogenesis. After induction of azoospermia, right testis of hamsters was injected with 106 BM-MSCs via efferent duct and the left one remained as azoospermia control testis. Five normal mature hamsters were selected as normal intact control. After 35 days, testes and epididymis of three groups were removed for histological evaluation. Results Histomorphological analyses of BM-MSCs treated testes and epididymis showed the epithelial tissue of seminiferous tubules had normal morphology and spermatozoa were present in epididymis tubes. Spermatogenesis was observed in most cell-treated seminiferous tubules. The untreated seminiferous tubules were empty. Conclusion Transplanted BM-MSCs could successfully induce spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules of azoospermic hamster. Therefore, BM-MSCs can be an attractive candidate in cell transplantation of azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Tamadon
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Davood Mehrabani
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Rahmanifar
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Raayat Jahromi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Panahi
- DVM graduated, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Zare
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Khodabandeh
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Iman Razeghian Jahromi
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Department of Human Genetic, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mani Ramzi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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20
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Ge W, Chen C, De Felici M, Shen W. In vitro differentiation of germ cells from stem cells: a comparison between primordial germ cells and in vitro derived primordial germ cell-like cells. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1906. [PMID: 26469955 PMCID: PMC4632295 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are unique cell types capable to proliferate, some of them indefinitely, while maintaining the ability to differentiate into a few or any cell lineages. In 2003, a group headed by Hans R. Schöler reported that oocyte-like cells could be produced from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in vitro. After more than 10 years, where have these researches reached? Which are the major successes achieved and the problems still remaining to be solved? Although during the last years, many reviews have been published about these topics, in the present work, we will focus on an aspect that has been little considered so far, namely a strict comparison between the in vitro and in vivo developmental capabilities of the primordial germ cells (PGCs) isolated from the embryo and the PGC-like cells (PGC-LCs) produced in vitro from different types of stem cells in the mouse, the species in which most investigation has been carried out. Actually, the formation and differentiation of PGCs are crucial for both male and female gametogenesis, and the faithful production of PGCs in vitro represents the basis for obtaining functional germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ge
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - C Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - M De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - W Shen
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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21
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CHEN HUI, TANG QIULING, WU XIAOYING, XIE LICHUN, LIN LIMIN, HO GUYU, MA LIAN. Differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into germ-like cells in mouse seminiferous tubules. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:819-28. [PMID: 25815600 PMCID: PMC4438948 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) were capable of differentiation into germ cells in vitro. To assess this potential in vivo, HUMSCs were microinjected into the lumen of seminiferous tubules of immunocompetent mice, which were treated with busulfan to destroy endogenous spermatogenesis. Bromodeoxyuridine labeling studies demonstrated that HUMSCs survived in the tubule for at least 120 days, exhibited a round cell shape typical of proliferating or differentiating germ cells, migrated to the basement of the tubule, where proliferating spermatogonia reside and returned to the luminal compartment, where differentiating spermatids and spermatozoa reside. The migration pattern resembled that of germ cell development in vivo. Immunohistochemical and colocalization studies revealed that transplanted HUMSCs expressed the germ cell markers octamer-binding transcription factor 4, α6 integrin, C-kit and VASA, confirming the germ cell differentiation. In addition, it was observed that tubules transplanted with HUMSCs exhibited marked improvement in the histological features damaged by the chemotherapeutic busulfan, as judged by morphology and quantitative histology. Taken together, these data demonstrated the capacity of HUMSCs to form germ cells in the testes and to repair testicular tissue. These findings suggest a potential utility of HUMSCs to treat the infertility and testicular insufficiency caused by cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- HUI CHEN
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - QIU-LING TANG
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - XIAO-YING WU
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - LI-CHUN XIE
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - LI-MIN LIN
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - GU-YU HO
- Department of Transformation Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - LIAN MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Pingshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518122, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Lian Ma, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Pingshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 6 Longxing South Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518122, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Abstract
In spite of generally accepted dogma that the total number of follicles and oocytes is established in human ovaries during the fetal period of life rather than forming de novo in adult ovaries, some new evidence in the field challenges this understanding. Several studies have shown that different populations of stem cells, such as germinal stem cells and small round stem cells with diameters of 2 to 4 μm, that resembled very small embryonic-like stem cells and expressed several genes related to primordial germ cells, pluripotency, and germinal lineage are present in adult human ovaries and originate in ovarian surface epithelium. These small stem cells were pushed into the germinal direction of development and formed primitive oocyte-like cells in vitro. Moreover, oocyte-like cells were also formed in vitro from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. This indicates that postnatal oogenesis is not excluded. It is further supported by the occurrence of mesenchymal stem cells that can restore the function of sterilized ovaries and lead to the formation of new follicles and oocytes in animal models. Both oogenesis in vitro and transplantation of stem cell-derived "oocytes" into the ovarian niche to direct their natural maturation represent a big challenge for reproductive biomedicine in the treatment of female infertility in the future and needs to be explored and interpreted with caution, but it is still very important for clinical practice in the field of reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Virant-Klun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Hendriks S, Dancet EA, van Pelt AM, Hamer G, Repping S. Artificial gametes: a systematic review of biological progress towards clinical application. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 21:285-96. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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24
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Life-long in vivo cell-lineage tracing shows that no oogenesis originates from putative germline stem cells in adult mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:17983-8. [PMID: 25453063 PMCID: PMC4273382 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1421047111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether or not oocyte regeneration occurs in adult life has been the subject of much debate. In this study, we have traced germ-cell lineages over the life spans of three genetically modified mouse models and provide direct evidence that oogenesis does not originate from any germline stem cells (GSCs) in adult mice. By selective ablation of all existing oocytes in a Gdf9-Cre;iDTR mouse model, we have demonstrated that no new germ cells were ever regenerated under pathological conditions. By in vivo tracing of oocytes and follicles in the Sohlh1-CreER(T2);R26R and Foxl2-CreER(T2);mT/mG mouse models, respectively, we have shown that the initial pool of oocytes is the only source of germ cells throughout the life span of the mice and that no adult oogenesis ever occurs under physiological conditions. Our findings clearly show that there are no GSCs that contribute to adult oogenesis in mice and that the initial pool of oocytes formed in early life is the only source of germ cells throughout the entire reproductive life span.
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Liu C, Ma Z, Xu S, Hou J, Hu Y, Yu Y, Liu R, Chen Z, Lu Y. Activation of the germ-cell potential of human bone marrow-derived cells by a chemical carcinogen. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5564. [PMID: 24998261 PMCID: PMC4083294 DOI: 10.1038/srep05564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic/germ cell traits are common in malignant tumors and are thought to be involved in malignant tumor behaviors. The reasons why tumors show strong embryonic/germline traits (displaced germ cells or gametogenic programming reactivation) are controversial. Here, we show that a chemical carcinogen, 3-methyl-cholanthrene (3-MCA), can trigger the germ-cell potential of human bone marrow-derived cells (hBMDCs). 3-MCA promoted the generation of germ cell-like cells from induced hBMDCs that had undergone malignant transformation, whereas similar results were not observed in the parallel hBMDC culture at the same time point. The malignant transformed hBMDCs spontaneously and more efficiently generated into germ cell-like cells even at the single-cell level. The germ cell-like cells from induced hBMDCs were similar to natural germ cells in many aspects, including morphology, gene expression, proliferation, migration, further development, and teratocarcinoma formation. Therefore, our results demonstrate that a chemical carcinogen can reactivate the germline phenotypes of human somatic tissue-derived cells, which might provide a novel idea to tumor biology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Liu
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China [2]
| | - Zhan Ma
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, China [3]
| | - Songtao Xu
- 1] Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China [2]
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yinglu Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ruilai Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Research Institute of Respiratory Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
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26
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Akdemir A, Zeybek B, Akman L, Ergenoglu AM, Yeniel AO, Erbas O, Yavasoglu A, Terek MC, Taskiran D. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor decreases the extent of ovarian damage caused by cisplatin in an experimental rat model. J Gynecol Oncol 2014; 25:328-33. [PMID: 25142624 PMCID: PMC4195304 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2014.25.4.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) can decrease the extent of ovarian follicle loss caused by cisplatin treatment. Methods Twenty-one adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Fourteen rats were administered 2 mg/kg/day cisplatin by intraperitoneal injection twice per week for five weeks (total of 20 mg/kg). Half of the rats (n=7) were treated with 1 mL/kg/day physiological saline, and the other half (n=7) were treated with 100 µg/kg/day G-CSF. The remaining rats (n=7, control group) received no therapy. The animals were then euthanized, and both ovaries were obtained from all animals, fixed in 10% formalin, and stored at 4℃ for paraffin sectioning. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and stored at -30℃ for hormone assays. Results All follicle counts (primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary) and serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels were significantly increased in the cisplatin+G-CSF group compared to the cisplatin+physiological saline group. Conclusion G-CSF was beneficial in decreasing the severity of follicle loss in an experimental rat model of cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akdemir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burak Zeybek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Levent Akman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahment Mete Ergenoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozgur Yeniel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbas
- Department of Physiology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Altug Yavasoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cosan Terek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Taskiran
- Department of Physiology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Dyce PW, Li D, Barr KJ, Kidder GM. Connexin43 is required for the maintenance of multipotency in skin-derived stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1636-46. [PMID: 24694074 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43), begins early during embryogenesis and is maintained in many different cell types. Several stem cell populations have been shown to express Cx43 and to form functional gap junctions. While it is clear that Cx43 is critical to the function of many organs, whether the same is true for stem cells has not been clearly demonstrated. Recently, stem cells isolated from newborn mouse skin were shown to form oocyte-like cells (OLCs) in vitro, hence the present study focussed on the role Cx43 plays in the proliferation and differentiation of these cells. The stem cells express Cx43 and those from knockout mice (Cx43 KO) exhibited significantly reduced cell-cell coupling. Loss of Cx43 reduced the rate of cellular migration [Cx43 KO, 1.57±0.65 radial cell units (RCU); wildtype (WT), 5.57±0.37 RCU] but increased the proliferation rate of the stem cells (Cx43 KO, 29.40%±2.02%; WT, 12.76%±1.50%). The expression of the pluripotency markers OCT4 and Nanog were found to be reduced in the Cx43 KO population, suggesting an inhibition of differentiation potential. To test the differentiation ability, the stem cells were induced to form neuronal cell types in vitro. While both the WT and KO cells were able to form GFAP-positive astrocytic cells, only WT stem cells were able to form βIII tubulin-positive neurons. Similarly, the ability of the stem cells to form OLCs was ablated by the loss of Cx43. These data reveal a role for Cx43 in maintaining multipotency within the skin-derived stem cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Dyce
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Yu X, Wang N, Qiang R, Wan Q, Qin M, Chen S, Wang H. Human amniotic fluid stem cells possess the potential to differentiate into primordial follicle oocytes in vitro. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:73. [PMID: 24571984 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have demonstrated that embryonic stem cells were capable of differentiating into primordial germ cells through the formation of embryoid bodies that subsequently generated oocyte-like cells (OLCs). Such a process could facilitate studies of primordial follicle oocyte development in vitro and regenerative medicine. To investigate the pluripotency of human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) and their ability to differentiate into germ cells, we isolated a CD117(+)/CD44(+) hAFSC line that showed fibroblastoid morphology and intrinsically expressed both stem cell markers (OCT4, NANOG, SOX2) and germ cell markers (DAZL, STELLA). To encourage differentiation into OLCs, the hAFSCs were first cultured in a medium supplemented with 5% porcine follicular fluid for 10 days. During the induction period, cell aggregates formed and syntheses of steroid hormones were detected; some OLCs and granulosa cell-like cells could be loosened from the surface of the culture dish. Cell aggregates were collected and replated in oocyte culture medium for an additional 7-10 days. OLCs ranging from 50 to 120 μm presenting zona pellucida were observed in cumulus-oocyte complexes; some OLCs developed spontaneously into multicell structures similar to preimplantation embryos. Approximately 2% of the hAFSCs differentiated to meiotic germ cells that expressed folliculogenesis- and oogenesis-associated markers. Although the in vitro maturation and fertilization potentials are as yet unproven, short-term (<25 days) and high-efficiency (>2%) derivation of OLCs from hAFSCs might provide a new approach to the study of human germ cell development in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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29
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Sun YC, Cheng SF, Sun R, Zhao Y, Shen W. Reconstitution of Gametogenesis In Vitro: Meiosis Is the Biggest Obstacle. J Genet Genomics 2014; 41:87-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Parte S, Bhartiya D, Patel H, Daithankar V, Chauhan A, Zaveri K, Hinduja I. Dynamics associated with spontaneous differentiation of ovarian stem cells in vitro. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:25. [PMID: 24568237 PMCID: PMC4234975 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that ovarian germ line stem cells replenish oocyte-pool in adult stage, and challenge the central doctrine of 'fixed germ cell pool' in mammalian reproductive biology. Two distinct populations of spherical stem cells with high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio have been recently identified in the adult mammalian ovary surface epithelium (OSE) including nuclear OCT-4A positive very small embryonic-like (VSELs) and cytoplasmic OCT-4 expressing ovarian germ stem cells (OGSCs). Three weeks culture of scraped OSE cells results in spontaneous differentiation of the stem cells into oocyte-like, parthenote-like, embryoid body-like structures and also embryonic stem cell-like colonies whereas epithelial cells attach and transform into a bed of mesenchymal cells. Present study was undertaken, to further characterize ovarian stem cells and to comprehend better the process of spontaneous differentiation of ovarian stem cells into oocyte-like structures in vitro. METHODS Ovarian stem cells were enriched by immunomagnetic sorting using SSEA-4 as a cell surface marker and were further characterized. Stem cells and clusters of OGSCs (reminiscent of germ cell nests in fetal ovaries), were characterized by immuno-localization for stem and germ cell specific markers and spontaneous differentiation in OSE cultures was studied by live cell imaging. RESULTS Differential expression of markers specific for pluripotent VSELs (nuclear OCT-4A, SSEA-4, CD133), OGSCs (cytoplasmic OCT-4) primordial germ cells (FRAGILIS, STELLA, VASA) and germ cells (DAZL, GDF-9, SCP-3) were studied. Within one week of culture, stem cells became bigger in size, developed abundant cytoplasm, differentiated into germ cells, revealed presence of Balbiani body-like structure (mitochondrial cloud) and exhibited characteristic cytoplasmic streaming. CONCLUSIONS Presence of germ cell nests, Balbiani body-like structures and cytoplasmic streaming extensively described during fetal ovary development, are indeed well recapitulated during in vitro oogenesis in adult OSE cultures along with characteristic expression of stem/germ cell/oocyte markers. Further studies are required to assess the genetic integrity of in vitro derived oocytes before harnessing their clinical potential. Advance in our knowledge about germ cell differentiation from stem cells will enable researchers to design better in vitro strategies which in turn may have relevance to reproductive biology and regenerative medicine.
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31
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Kaviani M, Ezzatabadipour M, Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Salehinejad P, Mohammadi M, Kalantar SM, Motamedi B. Evaluation of gametogenic potential of vitrified human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly–derived mesenchymal cells. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:203-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Programmes and prospects for ovotechnology. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 27:702-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Zhang H, Adhikari D, Zheng W, Liu K. Combating ovarian aging depends on the use of existing ovarian follicles, not on putative oogonial stem cells. Reproduction 2013; 146:R229-33. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian aging is characterized by both a reduction in egg quality and a drastic reduction in the number of ovarian follicles. It has been generally accepted for 60 years that a fixed population of primordial follicles is established in the ovaries during early life, and in most mammalian species, oocytes cannot renew themselves in postnatal or adult life. This dogma, however, has been challenged over the past decade. In this review, we summarize the recent studies on primordial follicles and putative oogonial stem cells and discuss what resources in the ovary might be more reliable and promising source tools for combating ovarian aging.
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34
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Dyce PW. Differentiation of newborn mouse skin derived stem cells into germ-like cells in vitro. J Vis Exp 2013:e50486. [PMID: 23892454 DOI: 10.3791/50486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying germ cell formation and differentiation has traditionally been very difficult due to low cell numbers and their location deep within developing embryos. The availability of a "closed" in vitro based system could prove invaluable for our understanding of gametogenesis. The formation of oocyte-like cells (OLCs) from somatic stem cells, isolated from newborn mouse skin, has been demonstrated and can be visualized in this video protocol. The resulting OLCs express various markers consistent with oocytes such as Oct4 , Vasa , Bmp15, and Scp3. However, they remain unable to undergo maturation or fertilization due to a failure to complete meiosis. This protocol will provide a system that is useful for studying the early stage formation and differentiation of germ cells into more mature gametes. During early differentiation the number of cells expressing Oct4 (potential germ-like cells) reaches ~5%, however currently the formation of OLCs remains relatively inefficient. The protocol is relatively straight forward though special care should be taken to ensure the starting cell population is healthy and at an early passage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul William Dyce
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Canada.
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35
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Liu C, Ma Z, Hou J, Zhang H, Liu R, Wu W, Liu W, Lu Y. Germline traits of human hepatoblastoma cells associated with growth and metastasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:120-6. [PMID: 23800414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genes that are specific to germline and embryonic development can be activated in many tumors. Here, we show that germline traits that are present in human hepatoblastoma cells might be associated with the malignant behaviors of these tumor cells. In culture, single human hepatoblastoma cells differentiated into germ cell-like cells, which further developed into oocyte-like cells and formed parthenogenetic blastocyst-like structures. The germ cell-like cells and their embryonic derivatives from hepatoblastoma cells may favorably give rise to xenograft tumors with embryonal/germline traits and intrahepatic metastasis. These findings suggest that germline potential can be spontaneously activated in human hepatoblastoma cells and it might be important for tumor formation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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36
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Qiao J, Wang ZB, Feng HL, Miao YL, Wang Q, Yu Y, Wei YC, Yan J, Wang WH, Shen W, Sun SC, Schatten H, Sun QY. The root of reduced fertility in aged women and possible therapentic options: current status and future perspects. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 38:54-85. [PMID: 23796757 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that maternal ageing not only causes increased spontaneous abortion and reduced fertility, but it is also a high genetic disease risk. Although assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have been widely used to treat infertility, the overall success is still low. The main reasons for age-related changes include reduced follicle number, compromised oocyte quality especially aneuploidy, altered reproductive endocrinology, and increased reproductive tract defect. Various approaches for improving or treating infertility in aged women including controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with intrauterine insemination (IUI), IVF/ICSI-ET, ovarian reserve testing, preimplantation genetic diagnosis and screening (PGD/PGS), oocyte selection and donation, oocyte and ovary tissue cryopreservation before ageing, miscarriage prevention, and caloric restriction are summarized in this review. Future potential reproductive techniques for infertile older women including oocyte and zygote micromanipulations, derivation of oocytes from germ stem cells, ES cells, and iPS cells, as well as through bone marrow transplantation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Huai-Liang Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Hospital Queens, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi-Liang Miao
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Chang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Houston Fertility Institute, Tomball Regional Hospital, Tomball, TX 77375, USA
| | - Wei Shen
- Laboratory of Germ Cell Biology, Department of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
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37
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Lee YM, Kumar BM, Lee JH, Lee WJ, Kim TH, Lee SL, Ock SA, Jeon BG, Park BW, Rho GJ. Characterisation and differentiation of porcine ovarian theca-derived multipotent stem cells. Vet J 2013; 197:761-8. [PMID: 23702282 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the cellular properties and in vitro differentiation capacity of porcine ovarian theca-derived multipotent stem cells (TSCs) were examined. Isolated TSCs were expanded into a homogeneous population that had a typical fibroblast-shaped morphology and was positive for alkaline phosphatase activity. Cell cycle analysis indicated that TSCs had high proliferative potential. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated expression of mesenchymal cell surface markers (CD29, CD44 and CD90) on TSCs. Among three pluripotent markers tested (OCT4, NANOG and SOX2), only SOX2 was expressed in TSCs at protein and mRNA levels. Cytochemical staining demonstrated that TSCs differentiated in vitro into osteocytes and adipocytes. Lineage specific transcripts expressed by differentiated osteocytes including osteonectin, osteocalcin and RUNX2. Lineage specific transcripts expressed by differentiated adipocytes included adipocyte fatty acid binding protein-2 (aP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2. Following induction in oogenesis media, TSCs exhibited sequential changes in morphology, resembling oocyte-like cells (OLCs), and expressed transcription factors (OCT4, NANOG and SOX2), oocyte-specific marker genes (GDF9B, C-MOS, DAZL, VASA, ZPC, SCP3 and STELLA) and the folliculogenesis marker follicular stimulating hormone receptor. These results indicated that TSCs derived from ovarian follicles are capable of differentiating into mesenchymal lineages and OLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Mi Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Qiu P, Bai Y, Pan S, Li W, Liu W, Hua J. Gender depended potentiality of differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into oocyte-Like cells in vitro. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 31:365-73. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pubin Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology of Agriculture Ministry of China; Northwest A&F University; Yangling; Shaanxi; China
| | - Yaofu Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology of Agriculture Ministry of China; Northwest A&F University; Yangling; Shaanxi; China
| | - Shaohui Pan
- North Branch Bio-Technology Co.; Ltd of Anhui Province; Wuhu; Anhui; China
| | - Wei Li
- North Branch Bio-Technology Co.; Ltd of Anhui Province; Wuhu; Anhui; China
| | - Weishuai Liu
- Yangling Demonstration Zone Hospital Pathology Department; Yangling; China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology of Agriculture Ministry of China; Northwest A&F University; Yangling; Shaanxi; China
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39
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Evron A, Blumenfeld Z. Ovarian Stem Cells-the Pros and Cons. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2013; 7:43-7. [PMID: 24453518 PMCID: PMC3888079 DOI: 10.4137/cmrh.s11086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential for postnatal de novo oogenesis in mammals and in humans has become very controversial in the fields of reproductive science and biology. Historically, it has been thought that females of most mammalian species lose the ability to produce oocytes at birth. A contemporary understanding of stem cell biology together with novel experimental methods has challenged the model of a prenatal fixed ovarian primordial follicle pool that declines with age. Researchers have suggested replenishment of post-natal oocytes by germ-line stem cells (GSCs). According to this theory, GSCs produce oocytes and primordial follicles throughout the lifetime of the adult female. This review describes recent approaches supporting the revolutionary idea of de novo oogenesis in mammals and humans of reproductive-age and provides counter arguments from opponents of this novel and innovative concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Evron
- 8 Ha'Aliyah St., Reproductive Endocrinology Dept. OB/GYN, Rambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zeev Blumenfeld
- 8 Ha'Aliyah St., Reproductive Endocrinology Dept. OB/GYN, Rambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Expression of pluripotency and oocyte-related genes in single putative stem cells from human adult ovarian surface epithelium cultured in vitro in the presence of follicular fluid. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:861460. [PMID: 23555100 PMCID: PMC3600261 DOI: 10.1155/2013/861460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to trigger the expression of genes related to oocytes in putative ovarian stem cells scraped from the ovarian surface epithelium of women with premature ovarian failure and cultured in vitro in the presence of follicular fluid, rich in substances for oocyte growth and maturation. Ovarian surface epithelium was scraped and cell cultures were set up by scrapings in five women with nonfunctional ovaries and with no naturally present mature follicles or oocytes. In the presence of donated follicular fluid putative stem cells grew and developed into primitive oocyte-like cells. A detailed single-cell gene expression profiling was performed to elucidate their genetic status in comparison to human embryonic stem cells, oocytes, and somatic fibroblasts. The ovarian cell cultures depleted/converted reproductive hormones from the culture medium. Estradiol alone or together with other substances may be involved in development of these primitive oocyte-like cells. The majority of primitive oocyte-like cells was mononuclear and expressed several genes related to pluripotency and oocytes, including genes related to meiosis, although they did not express some important oocyte-specific genes. Our work reveals the presence of putative stem cells in the ovarian surface epithelium of women with premature ovarian failure.
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Park BW, Shen W, Linher-Melville K, Li J. Deleted in azoospermia-like enhances in vitro derived porcine germ cell formation and meiosis. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:939-50. [PMID: 23259838 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence supporting that deleted in azoospermia-like (DAZL) plays a key role during gametogenesis and meiosis continues to emerge. Our study aimed to determine whether overexpression of DAZL using a lentiviral approach in a somatic stem cell to germ cell in vitro differentiation culture could enhance the formation of primordial germ cell-like cells (PLCs) and oocyte-like cells (OLCs). Introduction of DAZL at the beginning of induced differentiation significantly increased the formation of Fragilis-positive PLCs, which was independent of mitotic proliferation. In addition, mRNA levels of the germ cell markers Oct4, Stella, and Vasa were also higher in the DAZL-transduced group and suppressed when DAZL was knocked down using small interference RNA. At later stages of differentiation, the expression of several genes associated with meiosis, including Scp3, Dmc1, Rec8, and Stra8, was determined to be significantly higher when DAZL was overexpressed, which was abrogated by its knockdown. Exogenous introduction of DAZL also increased the protein levels of SCP3 and VASA, which again was reversed by its knockdown. Although not a common phenomenon in the in vitro differentiation system, the percentage of SCP3-positive cells displaying meiotic chromosome patterns in the DAZL-transduced group was higher than in the control, as was the overall percentage of OLCs that were generated. The introduction of factors such as DAZL into a stem cell-to-germ cell differentiation culture may provide an opportunity to better understand the key genes and their interactions during gametogenesis, also providing a means to enhance the generation of germ cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Evron A, Goldman S, Shalev E. Human amniotic epithelial cells differentiate into cells expressing germ cell specific markers when cultured in medium containing serum substitute supplement. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:108. [PMID: 23241213 PMCID: PMC3599708 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) maintain the plasticity of pregastrulation embryonic cells, having the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers. The potential of these cells to differentiate into cells expressing germ cell specific markers has never been described before. METHODS In the present study, hAECs were cultured in medium containing serum substitute supplement (SSS). Gene and protein expression of germ cell and oocyte specific markers was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence staining and flow activated cell sorter analysis (FACS) in hAECs at different time points during the differentiation into cells expressing germ cell specific markers. RESULTS When cultured with SSS, already at passage 1, hAECs start to express the germ cell specific genes C-KIT, DAZL, VASA and ZP3 and at passage 5 large round cells, resembling oocytes, appeared. The cells express the germ cell specific marker DAZL, the oocyte specific markers GDF9 and ZP3 and the meiosis specific markers DMC1 and SCP3 at the protein level. CONCLUSIONS From our preliminary results we can conclude that hAECs have the potential to differentiate into cells expressing germ cell specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Evron
- Laboratory for Research in Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Rappaport, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shlomit Goldman
- Laboratory for Research in Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Eliezer Shalev
- Laboratory for Research in Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Rappaport, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Ma Z, Liu R, Wang X, Huang M, Gao Q, Lu Y, Liu C. Spontaneous germline potential of human hepatic cell line in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gas058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chen B, Zhang L, Tang J, Feng X, Feng Y, Liang G, Wang L, Feng Y, Li L, De Felici M, Shi Q, Shen W. Recovery of functional oocytes from cultured premeiotic germ cells after kidney capsule transplantation. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:567-80. [PMID: 22978409 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of in vitro culture systems for a premeiotic female germ cell is still low, mostly because of our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms controlling oogenesis and the obvious difficulties in reproducing the complex in vivo environment of such a process under in vitro conditions. Here we explored the possibility of recovering the developmental potential of mouse oocytes generated in vitro from premeiotic germ cells by transplantation under a kidney capsule of adult animals. To this aim, mouse embryonic ovaries of 12.5 days postcoitum cultured in vitro in a serum-free medium for 7 or 14 days, were transplanted beneath the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice and analyzed after 21 (7+21 group) or 14 days (14+14 group). Cultured ovaries before transplantation showed delayed oocyte meiotic progression and follicle development. Interestingly, grafted ovaries of both groups, especially those of the 7+21 group, seemed able to restore the reproductive cycle of recipients. While the almost complete absence of primordial follicles was observed in grafted ovaries, oocytes from these ovaries showed transcript levels of genes associated to oocyte maturation similar to control. Moreover, the developmental stage of follicles and oocytes of the 7+21 group ovaries were comparable to that of 21 days post partum in vivo ovaries, whereas significant developmental delay were found in the 14+14 group ovaries. Nevertheless, oocytes retrieved from transplanted ovaries of both groups matured (around 80%) and were fertilized in vitro (around 20%-45%). Two-cell embryos from the fertilized oocytes developed to hatching blastocysts (about 50%) or gave rise to healthy live offspring (from 6% to 10%) when transplanted in a host mother. In conclusion, our results indicate that premeiotic female germ cells cultured in vitro up to primordial/primary follicle stages preserve their capability to complete oogenesis and can be fertilized and generate live pups after transplantation into a suitable in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Ma Z, Hu Y, Jiang G, Hou J, Liu R, Lu Y, Liu C. Spontaneous generation of germline characteristics in mouse fibrosarcoma cells. Sci Rep 2012; 2:743. [PMID: 23077727 PMCID: PMC3473365 DOI: 10.1038/srep00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline/embryonic-specific genes have been found to be activated in somatic tumors. In this study, we further showed that cells functioning as germline could be present in mouse fibrosarcoma cells (L929 cell line). Early germline-like cells spontaneously appeared in L929 cells and further differentiated into oocyte-like cells. These germline-like cells can, in turn, develop into blastocyst-like structures in vitro and cause teratocarcinomas in vivo, which is consistent with natural germ cells in function. Generation of germline-like cells from somatic tumors might provide a novel way to understand why somatic cancer cells have strong features of embryonic/germline development. It is thought that the germline traits of tumors are associated with the central characteristics of malignancy, such as immortalization, invasion, migration and immune evasion. Therefore, germline-like cells in tumors might provide potential targets to tumor biology, diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Ma
- Department of Labratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Lv X, Zhu H, Bai Y, Chu Z, Hu Y, Cao H, Liu C, He X, Peng S, Gao Z, Yang C, Hua J. Reversine promotes porcine muscle derived stem cells (PMDSCs) differentiation into female germ-like cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:3629-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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47
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Cheng X, Chen S, Yu X, Zheng P, Wang H. BMP15 Gene Is Activated During Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Differentiation into Oocyte-Like Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:1198-204. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengsheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine in Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huayan Wang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Qiu P, Bai Y, Liu C, He X, Cao H, Li M, Zhu H, Hua J. A dose-dependent function of follicular fluid on the proliferation and differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of goat. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 138:593-603. [PMID: 22684927 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord (UC) has been suggested as a new source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this report, we isolated MSCs from the fetal UC of goat and investigated their multipotency of differentiation into germ cells in vitro, in the presence of 0-20 % bovine follicular fluid (FF). The phenotypes, capacity of proliferation and expression of MSC markers were served as the indexes of multipotency of the isolated UC-MSCs, those were ascertained by growth curves, RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining, respectively. Our results showed that the UC-MSCs shared a similar immunophenotype to those cells reported in mouse and human bone marrow MSCs, as well as some characteristics seen in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In addition, our data also demonstrated that a dose-dependent function of FF on the states of differentiation of goat UC-MSCs. From 2 to 20 % of the FF can promote the proliferation of goat UC-MSC, especially the 5 % concentration of follicular fluid promote proliferation was significantly higher than 2 %. In contrast, higher concentration of follicular fluid (>10 %) induced goat UC-MSCs differentiation into oocyte-like cells. These findings provide an efficient model to study the mechanism on cell proliferation and germ cell differentiation in livestock using FF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pubin Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Stem cell interaction with somatic niche may hold the key to fertility restoration in cancer patients. Obstet Gynecol Int 2012; 2012:921082. [PMID: 22548074 PMCID: PMC3324916 DOI: 10.1155/2012/921082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The spontaneous return of fertility after bone marrow transplantation or heterotopic grafting of cryopreserved ovarian cortical tissue has surprised many, and a possible link with stem cells has been proposed. We have reviewed the available literature on ovarian stem cells in adult mammalian ovaries and presented a model that proposes that the ovary harbors two distinct populations of stem cells, namely, pluripotent, quiescent, very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), and slightly larger “progenitor” ovarian germ stem cells (OGSCs). Besides compromising the somatic niche, oncotherapy destroys OGSCs since, like tumor cells, they are actively dividing; however VSELs persist since they are relatively quiescent. BMT or transplanted ovarian cortical tissue may help rejuvenate the ovarian niche, which possibly supports differentiation of persisting VSELs resulting in neo-oogenesis and follicular development responsible for successful pregnancies. Postnatal oogenesis in mammalian ovary from VSELs may be exploited for fertility restoration in cancer survivors including those who were earlier deprived of gametes and/or gonadal tissue cryopreservation options.
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50
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Taketo T. Microspread ovarian cell preparations for the analysis of meiotic prophase progression in oocytes with improved recovery by cytospin centrifugation. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 825:173-81. [PMID: 22144244 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-436-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Female fertility is critically influenced by two events affecting oocytes during meiotic prophase progression: meiotic recombination between homologous chromosomes; and a major oocyte loss. It is technically challenging to examine these events, which take place in fetal and neonatal ovaries in mammals. Here, we describe a protocol for the preparation of dissociated ovarian cells and their spread onto histology slides. These preparations are suitable for cytogenetic, quantitative, and FISH analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruko Taketo
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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