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Ladeira C, Møller P, Giovannelli L, Gajski G, Haveric A, Bankoglu EE, Azqueta A, Gerić M, Stopper H, Cabêda J, Tonin FS, Collins A. The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals-A Systematic Scoping Review. TOXICS 2024; 12:270. [PMID: 38668493 PMCID: PMC11054096 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of human populations exposed to chemical substances that can act as potential mutagens or carcinogens, may enable the detection of damage and early disease prevention. In recent years, the comet assay has become an important tool for assessing DNA damage, both in environmental and occupational exposure contexts. To evidence the role of the comet assay in human biomonitoring, we have analysed original research studies of environmental or occupational exposure that used the comet assay in their assessments, following the PRISMA-ScR method (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews). Groups of chemicals were designated according to a broad classification, and the results obtained from over 300 original studies (n = 123 on air pollutants, n = 14 on anaesthetics, n = 18 on antineoplastic drugs, n = 57 on heavy metals, n = 59 on pesticides, and n = 49 on solvents) showed overall higher values of DNA strand breaks in the exposed subjects in comparison with the unexposed. In summary, our systematic scoping review strengthens the relevance of the use of the comet assay in assessing DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Goran Gajski
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Marko Gerić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - José Cabêda
- Guarda Nacional Republicana, Destacamento Territorial de Vila Franca de Xira, Núcleo de Proteção Ambiental, 1500-124 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda S. Tonin
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
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Zhou H, Li Y, Xu F. Comparison of permeabilities of eight different types of cytotoxic drugs to five gloves with different materials by LC-MS/MS methods to reduce occupational exposure of medical personnel. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2023; 29:1548-1554. [PMID: 36124388 DOI: 10.1177/10781552221127698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Occupational exposure is a long-standing public health concern, which has drawn more and more attention in recent years to the problem of how to carry out occupational protection effectively. Gloves are regarded as the most critical protective equipment for cytotoxic medications. However, there is still little research conducted on the protective performance of gloves made of different materials and the optimal glove combination for cytotoxic agents. METHODS In this research, a specific instrument intended for glove permeation experiment was designed, with various methods of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) developed and validated. By using the specific instrument and LC-MS/MS methods, a study was conducted on the permeation ability of eight selected cytotoxic drugs (fluorouracil, epirubicin (EPI), docetaxel (DCT), methotrexate (MTX), cyclophosphamide (CTX), etoposide (ETP), vincristine sulfate (VCR), and cisplatin derivatives Pt-(DDTC)3) into five kinds of gloves (rubber (RB), nitrile (NT), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), low-density polyethylene, and polyvinylchloride (PVC) resin) given different contact times. Then, the experimental data were analyzed through a generalized estimation equation and Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS The results show that within a short period of time (less than five minutes), ETP, CTX, fluorouracil, DCT, and cisplatin passed through five types of gloves but the level of MTX, VCR, and EPI permeation was minimal, despite the duration of contact between the three drugs and the gloves reaching as long as three hours. Furthermore, the permeation of DCT and ETP was found to be positively correlated with time. CONCLUSIONS Chlorinated polyethylene and PVC resin perform well in protecting against most cytotoxic drugs and are recommendable for clinical practice. Due to the poor protective ability, RB gloves are not recommended for this purpose. Based on the performance of various gloves in offering protection, the protection grade of two gloves can be deduced. Chlorinated polyethylene + PVC resin, CPE + NT glove combination shows good protective performance against most target drugs and can be recommended for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhou
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunyun Li
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fan Xu
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Hu J, Zhao F, Liu L, Huang H, Huang X. The meta-analysis of sister chromatid exchange as a biomarker in healthcare workers with occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34781. [PMID: 37653817 PMCID: PMC10470682 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) can be used to identify early occupational health status in health care workers. Our aim is to comprehensively assess the relationship between long-term exposure to antineoplastic drugs (ADs) and SCE in health care workers via meta-analysis. METHODS Five databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published from inception to November 30, 2022. Literature data are expressed as mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CI) or relative risk and 95% CI. For I2 > 50% trials, random effect model is used for statistical analysis, otherwise fixed effect model is used. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (identifier CRD42023399914). RESULTS Fourteen studies were included in this study. Results showed the level of SCE in healthcare workers exposed to ADs was significantly higher than in controls. The mean difference of the SCE trial was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.10-0.95, P = .01) under a random-effects model. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested a significant correlation between occupational exposure to ADs in health care workers and SCE, requiring the attention of health care workers in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchen Hu
- Shenzhen Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feifei Zhao
- Shenzhen Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Shenzhen Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Shenzhen Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Department of Nursing, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Guangdong & Clinical Medical College of Shenzhen, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Vanneste D, Verscheure E, Srinivasan AN, Godderis L, Ghosh M. Systematic review of genotoxicity induced by occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1453-1517. [PMID: 37099053 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
With increasing numbers of cancer cases, the use of antineoplastic agents is expected to rise. This will be accompanied by an increase in occupational exposure, which can cause unwanted health effects in workers. Our aim was to give an overview of genotoxic and epigenetic effects after occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents and to assess the concentration-effect relation. Four databases were searched for papers investigating genotoxic and/or epigenetic effects of occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents. Out of the 245 retrieved papers, 62 were included in this review. In this systematic literature review, we confirmed that exposure of healthcare workers to antineoplastic agents can lead to genotoxic damage. However, we observed a lack of data on exposure as well as genotoxic and epigenetic effects in workers other than healthcare workers. Furthermore, gaps in the current knowledge regarding the potential epigenetic effects caused by antineoplastic drug exposure and regarding the link between internal antineoplastic drug concentration and genotoxic and epigenetic effects after occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents were identified, offering a first step for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Vanneste
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, ON5 Herestraat 49, Box 952, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eline Verscheure
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, ON5 Herestraat 49, Box 952, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adhithya Narayanan Srinivasan
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, ON5 Herestraat 49, Box 952, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, ON5 Herestraat 49, Box 952, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, ON5 Herestraat 49, Box 952, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Assessment of Educational Intervention Effects on the Level of Oxidative Stress Parameters and Performance in Oncology Staff. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs causes the production of free radicals and their reaction with macromolecules in the body. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational intervention by using urinary oxidative stress indices of the oncology staff in Iranian hospitals. Methods: Healthy full-time oncology and pharmacy staff (n = 45) participated in this prospective interventional study. The training of the personnel for proper handling of the antineoplastic drugs was given. During their work shift, their performance was recorded in a checklist. Urinary oxidative stress indices of the staff and scores of their performances were obtained before and after their training. Results: The mean performance score of all oncology staff was statistically higher than after 2 months of educational intervention (P < 0.001). The mean activity levels of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase enzymes of all oncology staff was statistically lower than after 2 months of educational intervention (P < 0.001). The mean level of Malondialdehyde of all oncology staff was statistically lower than after 2 months of educational intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Educational intervention increased oncology staff performance score and it affected the level of the oxidative stress parameters 2 months after the educational intervention by decreasing the activity of enzymes and the level of malondialdehyde.
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Pajic J, Rovcanin B, Rakic B. Evaluation of Genetic Damage in Persons Occupationally Exposed to Antineoplastic Drugs in Serbian Hospitals. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:307-318. [PMID: 33886965 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although useful in the treatment of malignant cells, antineoplastic drugs (ANPDs) as chemical genotoxic agents, can interfere with normal cell physiology causing genetic damage and unfavourable health effects, especially in occupationally exposed persons. The Cytokinesis-block Micronucleus (CBMN) Cytome assay has been widely used in human biomonitoring studies as a reliable biomarker of chemical genotoxic exposure. OBJECTIVES Our comprehensive research was conducted in order to evaluate micronuclei as a marker for preventive medical screening purposes for persons occupationally exposed to ANPDs. METHODS Using the CBMN Cytome test, peripheral blood lymphocytes of 201 control and 222 exposed subjects were screened for genetic damage. RESULTS Age and gender influenced micronucleus (MN) frequency, but smoking habit did not. The mean micronuclei frequencies and other parameters of the CBMN Cytome test [numbers of binuclear lymphocytes with one (MN1) or two (MN2) micronuclei] were significantly higher in the group of exposed persons. Positive correlation between duration of occupational exposure and MN frequency was revealed. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study performed on a large sample confirmed the capacity of the CBMN Cytome assay to serve as a reliable biomarker of long-term ANPD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pajic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Radiation protection department, Deligradska 29,Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Rovcanin
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Koste Todorovica 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boban Rakic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Radiation protection department, Deligradska 29,Belgrade, Serbia
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Ness SLR, Mascarenhas MÁ, Arbo MD, Tonietto BD, Cestonaro LV, Dos Santos NG, Garcia SC, Ferreira CF, Capp E. Occupational exposure assessment in professionals who manipulate and administer antineoplastic drugs in a university hospital in Southern Brazil. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021; 27:1205-1213. [PMID: 33736555 DOI: 10.1177/10781552211003638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our goal was to demonstrate the effects of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs on oxidative stress parameters and DNA damage in health professionals who manipulate and administer antineoplastic drugs in a University Hospital in Southern Brazil. METHODS The case-control study with a longitudinal design, involved 64 individuals, 29 of them pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and nurses who were occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs and 35 professionals who were not exposed. Gene mutations were determined by micronucleus from salivary fluid; DNA damage by comet assay and oxidative stress parameters in whole blood were also evaluated. RESULTS All workers exposed to antineoplastic drugs used personal protective equipment (PPE). It was demonstrated that the total nonprotein thiol and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels showed interaction between group and time, with higher levels one week after handling/administration of antineoplastic drugs in the exposed group (GEE, p ≤ 0.0001 and p = 0,013, respectively). Additionally, there was a group effect on the activities of the catalase and glutathione peroxidase antioxidant enzymes (GEE, p = 0.027 and p ≤ 0.0001, respectively), and workers occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs had higher enzyme activities compared to those not exposed. No genotoxic damage was demonstrated through the evaluated parameters. CONCLUSIONS Despite the correct use of PPE, professionals occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs were more susceptible to oxidative stress than those not exposed. The evaluation of the studied parameters is especially important for the definition of conducts and practices in the area, always in search of guaranteeing the establishment of a rational policy to protect workers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Luis R Ness
- Graduação na Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Central de Misturas Intravenosas, Serviço de Farmácia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcello Á Mascarenhas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Strict Sensu em Biociências e Reabilitação, Curso de Farmácia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo D Arbo
- Graduação na Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna D Tonietto
- Graduação na Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa V Cestonaro
- Graduação na Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nícolas G Dos Santos
- Graduação na Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Graduação na Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Charles F Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Grupo de Pesquisa: Climatério, e Menopausa. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Edison Capp
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduação na Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Gianfredi V, Nucci D, Fatigoni C, Salvatori T, Villarini M, Moretti M. Extent of Primary DNA Damage Measured by the Comet Assay in Health Professionals Exposed to Antineoplastic Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E523. [PMID: 31947621 PMCID: PMC7013773 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antineoplastic drugs (ANDs) are a broad group of chemicals showing, at the same time, carcinogenic effects. The potential, albeit true, risk of side effects cannot be accepted, especially if resulting from occupational exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to ANDs and the extent of primary DNA damage in health professionals. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus were used to perform the literature search. The databases were examined in July 2019. Sub-group, moderator, and cumulative analyses were conducted. The trim and fill method was used in the case of potential publication bias. RESULTS Twenty studies were included in the qualitative analysis, and 19 in quantitative evaluation. The pooled effect size was 1.27 [(95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.66-1.88), p = 0.000] based on 1569 subjects. The moderator analysis by duration of exposure showed a positive association between duration of exposure and primary DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review clearly shows a significant association between occupational exposure to ANDs and the extent of primary DNA damage in health professionals. Considering these results, health professionals should be warned against this potential occupational risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Gianfredi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.F.); (T.S.); (M.V.)
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Nucci
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Cristina Fatigoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.F.); (T.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Tania Salvatori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.F.); (T.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Milena Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.F.); (T.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.F.); (T.S.); (M.V.)
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Bernieri T, Moraes MF, Ardenghi PG, Basso da Silva L. Assessment of DNA damage and cholinesterase activity in soybean farmers in southern Brazil: High versus low pesticide exposure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 55:355-360. [PMID: 31868080 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1704608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the DNA damage in soybean growers during two agricultural periods of a crop season (high and low exposure) and a control group, as well as butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity during these exposure periods in order to estimate the degree of BChE inhibition for the exposed group. DNA damage in peripheral whole blood was evaluated by the comet assay and plasma BChE activity was accessed as a measure of exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors. None of the soybean growers reported using full Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). BChE was lower in high exposure period than in low exposure period and DNA damage index was significantly increased in the high exposure period than in the low exposure period. In addition, DNA damage in both exposure periods was higher than control group. No correlation was found between exposure time and DNA damage and BChE activity. However, negative correlation was observed between DNA damage in high and low exposure periods. The results indicate that soybean growers are exposed to cholinesterase inhibitors and to pesticides mixtures with genotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanandra Bernieri
- Health Sciences Institute, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Mateo González-Román M, Hidalgo García PP, Peña Otero D. Cytostatic drugs and risk of genotoxicity in health workers. A literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 31:247-253. [PMID: 34243912 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcle.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the genotoxic risk of cytostatic drugs in health professionals after occupational exposure. METHOD Literature was searched for the databases PubMed, Lilacs, The Cochrane Library and Scopus with free and controlled language (MeSH terms) using boolean operators AND and OR. The research was limited to articles published between 2005-2016. RESULTS 11 articles were selected depending on their relevancy to this review's aim. Nine of the 11 articles proved the existence of damage to genetic material (DNA) of health workers, who were exposed to cytostatics. Furthermore, current security practices do not eliminate the chance of exposure completely. Therefore, the creation of new clinical trials is required. CONCLUSIONS Handling cytostatic drugs can cause a genotoxic risk to health workers who are exposed to these substances. This exposure may cause damage on the workers' DNA. There are not enough data to prove a cause-effect relationship between the genotoxic risk and adverse reactions on individuals. Health education will be the main way to raise the awareness and prevention this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Peña Otero
- Hospital Sierrallana, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla, Grupo de Enfermería (IDIVAL), Torrelavega, Cantabria, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Grupo de Enfermería (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Ramazani M, Jaktaji RP, Shirazi FH, Tavakoli-Ardakani M, Salimi A, Pourahmad J. Analysis of apoptosis related genes in nurses exposed to anti-neoplastic drugs. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:74. [PMID: 31791417 PMCID: PMC6889625 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-neoplastic agents are widely used in the treatment of cancer and some non-neoplastic diseases. These drugs have been proved to be carcinogens, teratogens, and mutagens. Concern exists regarding the possible dangers of the staff handling anti-cancer drugs. The long-term exposure of nurses to anti-neoplastic drugs is still a controversial issue. The purpose of this study was to monitor cellular toxicity parameters and gene expression in nurses who work in chemotherapy wards and compare them to nurses who work in other wards. METHODS To analyze the apoptosis-related genes overexpression and cytotoxicity effects, peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from oncology nurses and the control group. THE RESULTS Significant alterations in four analyzed apoptosis-related genes were observed in oncology nurses. In most individual samples being excavated, Bcl-2 overexpression is superior to that of Bax. Prominent P53 and Hif-1α up-regulation were observed in oncology nurses. Moreover, all cytotoxicity parameters (cell viability, ROS formation, MMP collapse, Lysosomal membrane damage, Lipid peroxidation, Caspase 3 activity and Apoptosis phenotype) in exposed oncology nurses were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than those of unexposed control nurses. Up-regulation of three analyzed apoptosis-related genes were observed in nurses occupationally exposed to anti-cancer drugs. CONCLUSION Our data show that oxidative stress and mitochondrial toxicity induced by anti-neoplastic drugs lead to overexpression of apoptosis-related genes in oncology nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Ramazani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farshad H Shirazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Tavakoli-Ardakani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Application of the comet assay in human biomonitoring: An hCOMET perspective. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 783:108288. [PMID: 32192646 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay is a well-accepted biomonitoring tool to examine the effect of dietary, lifestyle, environmental and occupational exposure on levels of DNA damage in human cells. With such a wide range of determinants for DNA damage levels, it becomes challenging to deal with confounding and certain factors are inter-related (e.g. poor nutritional intake may correlate with smoking status). This review describes the effect of intrinsic (i.e. sex, age, tobacco smoking, occupational exposure and obesity) and extrinsic (season, environmental exposures, diet, physical activity and alcohol consumption) factors on the level of DNA damage measured by the standard or enzyme-modified comet assay. Although each factor influences at least one comet assay endpoint, the collective evidence does not indicate single factors have a large impact. Thus, controlling for confounding may be necessary in a biomonitoring study, but none of the factors is strong enough to be regarded a priori as a confounder. Controlling for confounding in the comet assay requires a case-by-case approach. Inter-laboratory variation in levels of DNA damage and to some extent also reproducibility in biomonitoring studies are issues that have haunted the users of the comet assay for years. Procedures to collect specimens, and their storage, are not standardized. Likewise, statistical issues related to both sample-size calculation (before sampling of specimens) and statistical analysis of the results vary between studies. This review gives guidance to statistical analysis of the typically complex exposure, co-variate, and effect relationships in human biomonitoring studies.
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Santos AN, Oliveira RJ, Pessatto LR, Gomes RDS, Freitas CAFD. Biomonitoring of pharmacists and nurses at occupational risk from handling antineoplastic agents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2019; 28:506-511. [PMID: 31663186 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of genetic lesions in pharmacists and nurses who prepare and/or handle antineoplastic agents and to evaluate whether there are traces of contaminants in the urine of these professionals. METHODS A total of 59 professionals participated in the study, of which 10 were non-exposed professionals (controls), 25 were pharmacists, and 24 were nurses. KEY FINDINGS There was a significant increase in genetic damage in lymphocytes and cells of the oral mucosa in both pharmacists and nurses. The levels of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide were also increased in the urine samples from those individuals. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the growing need for genetic biomonitoring and biomonitoring of trace antineoplastic agents in the urine of health professionals who prepare and/or handle antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza Negreli Santos
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics, Maria Aparecida Pedrossian University Hospital, Brazilian Company of Hospital Services, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Master's Program in Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics, Maria Aparecida Pedrossian University Hospital, Brazilian Company of Hospital Services, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Master's Program in Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Dr. Hélio Mandetta School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucas Roberto Pessatto
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics, Maria Aparecida Pedrossian University Hospital, Brazilian Company of Hospital Services, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Roberto da Silva Gomes
- Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Modification, School of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Chemistry Graduate Program, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Ferreira de Freitas
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics, Maria Aparecida Pedrossian University Hospital, Brazilian Company of Hospital Services, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Dr. Hélio Mandetta School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Mateo González-Román M, Hidalgo García PP, Peña Otero D. Cystostatic drugs and risk of genotoxicity in health workers. A literature review. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2019; 31:S1130-8621(19)30287-6. [PMID: 31506228 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the genotoxic risk of cytostatic drugs in health professionals after occupational exposure. METHOD The literature was searched using the databases PubMed, Lilacs, The Cochrane Library and Scopus with free and controlled language (MeSH terms) using Boolean operators AND and OR. The research was limited to articles published between 2005-2016. RESULTS 11 articles were selected depending on their relevancy to this review's aim. Nine of the 11 articles proved the existence of damage to genetic material (DNA) of health workers, who were exposed to cytostatics. Furthermore, current security practices do not fully eliminate the chance of exposure. Therefore, new clinical trials are required. CONCLUSIONS Handling cytostatic drugs can cause a genotoxic risk to health workers who are exposed to these substances. This exposure may cause damage to the workers' DNA. There are not enough data to prove a cause-effect relationship between the genotoxic risk and adverse reactions in individuals. Health education will be the main way to raise awareness of and prevent this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Peña Otero
- Hospital Sierrallana, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla, Grupo de Enfermería (IDIVAL), Torrelavega, Cantabria, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Grupo de Enfermería (IiSGM), Madrid, España.
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Ahmad A, Jan BL, Raish M, Rachamalla HKR, Banerjee R, Mukhopadhyay D, Alkharfy KM. Evaluation of the in vivo genotoxicity of liposomal formulation for delivering anticancer estrogenic derivative (ESC8) in a mouse model. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:637-642. [PMID: 31297017 PMCID: PMC6598449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The genotoxic potential of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-targeted liposomal formulations of the anticancer drug molecule ESC8 was studied in vivo. A methodical literature review discovered no previous studies on the genotoxicity of ESC8. Genotoxicity was assessed in both male and female mice by various assay systems, such as comet assay, chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei assay, which detect different abnormalities. Eleven groups of male mice and eleven groups of female mice, containing six animals per group, were used in the present study: group I served as vehicle control; group II received the positive control (cyclophosphamide 40 mg/kg; CYP); and animals in group III to XI received free drug (ESC8), DX liposome and drug-associated DX liposomal formulation (DXE), respectively, dissolved in 5% solution of glucose at a drug-dose of 1.83, 3.67 and 7.34 mg/kg, respectively. Same drug treatments were followed for the female mice groups. The obtained data revealed the safety of DXE, which did not show substantial genotoxic effects at different dose levels. In contrast, the positive control, CYP, exhibited highly substantial irregular cytogenetic variations in comparison with the control group in different assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basit Latief Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | | | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Occupational exposure to cytotoxic drugs: the importance of surface cleaning to prevent or minimise exposure. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 69:238-249. [DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Healthcare workers who prepare or administer cytotoxic agents run the risk of exposure, and the risks for health are real even at doses lower than those applied in cancer patients, because, in theory, no dose is safe. The most common and problematic route of exposure is through the skin, especially as work surfaces can remain contaminated even after cleaning. This pilot study aimed to demonstrate the importance of having an effective surface decontamination protocol by determining surface contamination with cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, and paclitaxel as the most common cytotoxic drugs in an oncology day service. Samples were collected before and after drug handling and analysed with high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Of the 29 samples collected before drug handling 23 were contaminated, five of which with more than one drug. Of the 30 samples collected after drug handling 25 were contaminated, eight of which with more than one drug. The two time points did not significantly differ, which evidences a widespread contamination and ineffective cleaning. This calls for revising the cleaning protocol and handling procedure to place contamination under control as much as possible.
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Viegas S, Ladeira C, Costa-Veiga A, Perelman J, Gajski G. Forgotten public health impacts of cancer - an overview. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 68:287-297. [PMID: 29337686 DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the diseases of greatest concern in developed countries and much effort has been invested in discovering and developing therapeutics for curing cancer. Despite the improvements in antineoplastic therapeutics in the last decades, cancer is still one of the most harmful diseases worldwide. The global burden of cancer also implies financial costs: these can be direct costs, such as those related to treatment, care, and rehabilitation and indirect, which include the loss of economic output due to missed work (morbidity costs) and premature death (mortality costs). There are also hidden costs such as health insurance premiums and nonmedical expenses that are worth noting. This paper intends to present an overview of the generally forgotten impacts that the increasing number of cancer cases can have on the environment, workers who handle antineoplastic drugs, and health services. The knowledge available of each of the impacts will be addressed and discussed regarding the expected development. Overall, lessons learnt reflect on the impact of cancer through aspects not commonly evidenced in the literature or even considered in socio-economic analysis, in part due to the fact that these are difficult to contemplate in direct and indirect cancer costs already defined. Attention may be drawn to the need of continuous investment in prevention to reduce the negative impact on the environment, and in the health of workers who handle antineoplastic drugs for patients' treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Viegas
- 1Environment and Health Research Group, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. Dom João II Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carina Ladeira
- 1Environment and Health Research Group, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. Dom João II Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Costa-Veiga
- 3Environment and Health Research Group, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. Dom João II Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Julian Perelman
- 2Public Health Research Center, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Goran Gajski
- 4Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Gajski G, Ladeira C, Gerić M, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Viegas S. Genotoxicity assessment of a selected cytostatic drug mixture in human lymphocytes: A study based on concentrations relevant for occupational exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:26-34. [PMID: 29100207 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytostatic drugs are highly cytotoxic agents used in cancer treatment and although their benefit is unquestionable, they have been recognized as hazardous to healthcare professionals in occupational settings. In a working environment, simultaneous exposure to cytostatics may occur creating a higher risk than that of a single substance. Hence, the present study evaluated the combined cyto/genotoxicity of a mixture of selected cytostatics with different mechanisms of action (MoA; 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel) towards human lymphocytes in vitro at a concentration range relevant for occupational as well as environmental exposure. The results suggest that the selected cytostatic drug mixture is potentially cyto/genotoxic and that it can induce cell and genome damage even at low concentrations. This indicates not only that such mixture may pose a risk to cell and genome integrity, but also that single compound toxicity data are not sufficient for the prediction of toxicity in a complex working environment. The presence of drugs in different amounts and with different MoA suggests the need to study the relationship between the presence of genotoxic components in the mixture and the resulting effects, taking into account the MoA of each component by itself. Therefore, this study provides new data sets necessary for scientifically-based risk assessments of cytostatic drug mixtures in occupational as well as environmental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Carina Ladeira
- Grupo de Investigação em Ambiente e Saúde, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Genética e Metabolismo, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Marko Gerić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Susana Viegas
- Grupo de Investigação em Ambiente e Saúde, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Lepage N, Canal-Raffin M, Villa A. Propositions pour la mise en œuvre d’une surveillance biologique de l’exposition professionnelle aux médicaments anticancéreux. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pajic J, Jovicic D, Milovanovic APS. Cytogenetic surveillance of persons occupationally exposed to genotoxic chemicals. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2017; 73:313-321. [PMID: 28749733 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2017.1359144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human genotoxic exposures can occur environmentally, occupationally, or medicinally. The aim of this study was to assess cytogenetic damage (chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei) in persons exposed to chemical agents in medical, agricultural, and industrial occupations. The results showed influences of age, gender, occurrence, and duration of exposure on the extent of cytogenetic damage, but no influence of smoking. Persons exposed to pesticides were allocated significantly higher values of most examined parameters. Among all tested parameters, logistic regression analysis marked tMN, CB, and iCB as the best predictors with high discrimination accuracy of separation between exposed and unexposed persons. The obtained data encourage us to consider certain cytogenetic parameters as valuable markers for preventive medical screening as the extent of cytogenetic damage reflects cumulative exposure events and possible health consequences related to chronic occupational genotoxic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pajic
- a Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr. Dragomir Karajovic ," Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Dubravka Jovicic
- b Genotoxicology Department, Faculty of Applied Ecology "Futura , " Singidunum University , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Aleksandar P S Milovanovic
- a Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr. Dragomir Karajovic ," Belgrade , Serbia
- c Occupational Health Department, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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Marie P, Christophe C, Manon R, Marc M, Charleric B, Patrice V. Environmental monitoring by surface sampling for cytotoxics: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:52. [PMID: 28063118 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental monitoring is usually conducted by surface sampling to detect and quantify the presence of cytotoxic drugs after their reconstitution and administration. This technique reveals the origins of residual contamination and is an important component in order to protect healthcare workers from the potential risk of occupational exposure. The aim of this work is to compare various techniques and results of surface sampling for cytotoxics. For each technique, sample processing methods and their analysis were compared from literature data. Sampling is often performed by the wiping technique. After treatment, various single or multicompound technical analyses are used, in particular liquid or gas chromatography involving different detection methods: ultraviolet, mass spectrometry, plasma torch, and voltammetry. Some methods are validated to ensure reliability. Despite published guidelines and the use of isolator technology for the preparation of cytotoxic drugs, workplace contamination persists, leading to chemotherapeutic agents' exposure of healthcare workers. Efforts need to be maintained with particular emphasis on harmonization and on determining alert level for cytotoxic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petit Marie
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), Hôpital de la Conception, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Curti Christophe
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), Hôpital de la Conception, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
- CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin-CS30064, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Roche Manon
- CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin-CS30064, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France.
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service Central des Opérations Pharmaceutiques (SCOP), Administration Centrale, rue Brochier, 13005, Marseille, France.
| | - Montana Marc
- CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin-CS30064, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Oncopharma, Hôpital Nord, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Bornet Charleric
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Pharmacie Usage Intérieur Hôpital de la Conception, Hôpital de la Conception, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Vanelle Patrice
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), Hôpital de la Conception, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
- CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin-CS30064, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
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Fernandes NM, Pelissari IG, Cogo LA, Santos Filha VAVD. Workplace Activity in Health Professionals Exposed to Chemotherapy Drugs: An Otoneurological Perspective. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 20:331-338. [PMID: 27746836 PMCID: PMC5063725 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1572431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The manipulation of antineoplastic drugs presents high risk for accidents and occupational diseases. Objective To evaluate the auditory and vestibular systems of workers who are exposed to chemotherapeutic treatment in the University Hospital of Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil, and to identify the use of individual protection equipment, related to the obtained results. Methods This study is a cross-sectional study using a quantitative method. We evaluate 33 male and female workers, ranging from 21-60 years old, of the nursing and pharmacy sectors. The workers underwent conventional Audiologic Assessment; Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions; and Computerized Vectoelectronystagmography. Results The majority of the sample was female (90.9%). Individual protection equipment was used by 90.9% of the workers. Complaints of dizziness were reported by 56.25% of nursing workers and 52.94% of pharmacy workers. Audiological and vestibular assessment results were within normal limits, 96.97% and 74.20%, respectively. However, audiometric configuration of notch type was identified in 75.75% of all workers. Audiometric notches (76%) and altered caloric test (100%) were often associated with decreased use of coal masks. Conclusion Among the workers evaluated, the vestibulocochlear system was within the normal limits. The presence of notch configuration indicates the need to use individual protection equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Licia Assunção Cogo
- Post-Graduation Student, Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Occupational exposure to cytostatic/antineoplastic drugs and cytogenetic damage measured using the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Mahmoodi M, Soleyman-Jahi S, Zendehdel K, Mozdarani H, Azimi C, Farzanfar F, Safari Z, Mohagheghi MA, Khaleghian M, Divsalar K, Asgari E, Rezaei N. Chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and micronuclei in lymphocytes of oncology department personnel handling anti-neoplastic drugs. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:235-240. [PMID: 27461518 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1209678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Concern exists regarding the possible hazards to the personnel handling anti-neoplastic drugs. The purpose of the present study was to assess the genotoxicity induced by anti-neoplastic agents in oncology department personnel. MATERIALS AND METHODS To do this, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) induced in peripheral blood lymphocytes was assessed at G0 phase of the cell cycle using metaphase analysis, cytokinesis block-micronucleus (MN) assay and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay. These cytogenetic end points were measured among 71 nurses in oncology department and 10 drugstore personnel handling and preparing anti-neoplastic drugs. The results were compared to those of 74 matched nurses for age and sex not exposed to any anti-neoplastic agents. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the age of study subjects and control group (p > 0.05). The results showed that the mean frequency of cytogenetic damages in terms of CAs [chromatid breaks (p = 0.01), chromosome breaks (p = 0.005), total CAs (p = 0.001)], MN formation (p = 0.001), and SCE (p = 0.004) in lymphocytes of personnel handling anti-neoplastic drugs were significantly higher than those in control unexposed group. CONCLUSION Results of the present study demonstrate the cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of oncology department personnel. Suitable training and proper knowledge when handling anti-neoplastic drugs are emphasized to avoid potential health hazards caused by cytostatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mahmoodi
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Saeed Soleyman-Jahi
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- b Department of Medical Genetics , Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Cyrus Azimi
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farideh Farzanfar
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zahra Safari
- c National Institute of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Mohagheghi
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Malihea Khaleghian
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Kouros Divsalar
- d Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran , and
| | - Esfandiar Asgari
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- e Molecular Immunology Research Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Villalba-Campos M, Ramírez-Clavijo SR, Sánchez-Corredor MC, Rondón-Lagos M, Ibáñez-Pinilla M, Palma RM, Varona-Uribe ME, Chuaire-Noack L. Quantification of cell-free DNA for evaluating genotoxic damage from occupational exposure to car paints. J Occup Med Toxicol 2016; 11:33. [PMID: 27429640 PMCID: PMC4946235 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-016-0123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For several years, cell-free DNA has been emerging as an important biomarker for non-invasive diagnostic in a wide range of clinical conditions and diseases. The limited information available on the genotoxic effects associated with occupational exposure to car paints, as well as the fact that up-to-date there are not reports about cell-free DNA measurements for assessing this condition, led us to evaluate the DNA damage caused by the occupational exposure to organic solvents contained in car paints, through the quantification of the cell-free DNA and the comet assay, in a sample of 33 individuals taken from 10 automobile paint shops located in Bogota DC, Colombia. RESULTS By applying the two methods, cell-free DNA and comet assay, we found a significant increase in the extent of DNA damage in the exposed individuals compared with the non-exposed ones within the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide useful information about the cell-free DNA levels in this type of exposure and can be considered as a support tool that contributes to the diagnosis of genotoxic damage in individuals occupationally exposed to car paints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Villalba-Campos
- />Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 26 63B-48, Bogotá, DC Colombia
| | | | | | - Milena Rondón-Lagos
- />Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 26 63B-48, Bogotá, DC Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Lilian Chuaire-Noack
- />Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 26 63B-48, Bogotá, DC Colombia
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Zhang X, Zheng Q, Lv Y, An M, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Feng W. Evaluation of adverse health risks associated with antineoplastic drug exposure in nurses at two Chinese hospitals: The effects of implementing a pharmacy intravenous admixture service. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59:264-73. [PMID: 26898889 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the health risks of antineoplastic drugs (ADs) occupational exposure in nurses and to evaluate the effects of implementing a pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS) in two Chinese hospitals. METHODS The laboratory findings were collected from annual staff physical examination data. Reproductive toxicity and clinical manifestations were self-reported via a questionnaire. RESULTS Hematotoxicity, organ damage, reproductive toxicity, and clinical manifestations associated with AD exposure were markedly higher in oncology nurses than unexposed nurses. Application of PIVAS led to a significant restoration of the blood cell counts and kidney function, and a reduction in adverse reproductive outcomes among oncology nurses. Pronounced symptoms related to AD exposure were alleviated as well. CONCLUSION Oncology nurses who work with AD's experienced more adverse health outcomes than unexposed nurses. The health risks to AD were significantly alleviated by implementing a pharmacy intravenous admixture service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Qiaowei Zheng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Yun Lv
- Shaanxi Province Oncology Hospital; Xi'an China
| | - Mengna An
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Yating Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Youxia Wei
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Weiyi Feng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
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Fabrizi G, Fioretti M, Mainero Rocca L. Dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure coupled to UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis for the simultaneous determination of thirteen cytotoxic drugs in human urine. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1297-308. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Fabrizi
- Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Chemical Agents Laboratory; Via Fontana Candida 1 00040 Monte Porzio Catone Rome Italy
| | - Marzia Fioretti
- Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Chemical Agents Laboratory; Via Fontana Candida 1 00040 Monte Porzio Catone Rome Italy
| | - Lucia Mainero Rocca
- Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Chemical Agents Laboratory; Via Fontana Candida 1 00040 Monte Porzio Catone Rome Italy
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Moretti M, Grollino MG, Pavanello S, Bonfiglioli R, Villarini M, Appolloni M, Carrieri M, Sabatini L, Dominici L, Stronati L, Mastrangelo G, Barbieri A, Fatigoni C, Bartolucci GB, Ceretti E, Mussi F, Monarca S. Micronuclei and chromosome aberrations in subjects occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs: a multicentric approach. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2014; 88:683-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-014-0993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kieffer C, Verhaeghe P, Lagrassa S, Grégoire R, Moussaoui Z, Casteras-Ducros C, Clark J, Vanelle P, Rathelot P. Preventing the contamination of hospital personnel by cytotoxic agents: evaluation and training of the para-professional healthcare workers in oncology units. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2014; 24:404-10. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Kieffer
- Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM); Marseille
- Aix-Marseille Université; Faculté de Pharmacie; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire; Marseille
| | - P. Verhaeghe
- Université Paul Sabatier; Faculté de Pharmacie; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; Toulouse
| | - S. Lagrassa
- Centre de Coordination en Cancérologie (3C); Hôpital Salvator, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM); Marseille
| | - R. Grégoire
- Centre de Coordination en Cancérologie (3C); Hôpital Salvator, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM); Marseille
| | - Z. Moussaoui
- Centre de Coordination en Cancérologie (3C); Hôpital Salvator, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM); Marseille
| | - C. Casteras-Ducros
- Aix-Marseille Université; Faculté de Pharmacie; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire; Marseille
| | - J.E. Clark
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Clinical Research; College of Pharmacy; University of South Florida; Tampa FL USA
| | - P. Vanelle
- Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM); Marseille
- Aix-Marseille Université; Faculté de Pharmacie; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire; Marseille
| | - P. Rathelot
- Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM); Marseille
- Aix-Marseille Université; Faculté de Pharmacie; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire; Marseille
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Unal OK, Cinkilic N, Gul OO, Cander S, Vatan O, Ersoy C, Yilmaz D, Tuncel E. Investigation of genotoxicity in acromegaly from peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures using a micronucleus assay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2060-6. [PMID: 24963647 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although patients with acromegaly may have an increased risk of developing several types of cancers, the degree of risk for malignancy in these patients is unresolved. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the potential genotoxic effects of acromegaly on the cell cycle in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. DESIGN This was a single center, crossover, case-control study conducted on the acromegalic patients in Turkey. SETTING The study was conducted in the outpatient clinic of a university hospital. PATIENTS Seventy-one consecutively screened acromegalic patients and 56 controls participated in the study. INTERVENTION Patients were included, regardless of the disease activity status and their treatment duration before the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end point was the frequency of micronucleus (MN) in the peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures, and the secondary end point was its clinical correlations. RESULTS The MN level was 3.82 ± 1.49 in the control group and 18.00 ± 6.13 in the acromegalic group (P < .01), whereas the nuclear division index (NDI) was 1.79 ± 0.12 in the control group and 1.68 ± 0.07 in the acromegalic group (P < .01). Neither MN nor NDI was correlated with age, GH, IGF-I, initial GH, initial IGF-I, duration of the remission period, and initial tumor size. Only the MN level was positively correlated with the duration of disease (r = 0.323, P = .014). CONCLUSION Our results indicated that acromegalic patients had genotoxic damage at a substantial level, and there was a positive correlation between the duration of disease and genotoxicity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Kaan Unal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (O.K.U., O.O.G., S.C., C.E., E.T.), Uludag University Medical School, and Department of Biology (N.C., O.V., D.Y.), Uludag University Science and Arts Faculty, 16059 Bursa, Turkey; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (O.K.U.), Acibadem University Medical School, 16110 Bursa, Turkey; State Hospital (O.O.G.), 16090 Bursa, Turkey; and Sevket Yilmaz Research Hospital (S.C.), 16310 Bursa, Turkey
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Oxidative stress induced in nurses by exposure to preparation and handling of antineoplastic drugs in Mexican hospitals: a multicentric study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:858604. [PMID: 24719678 PMCID: PMC3956419 DOI: 10.1155/2014/858604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of involuntary exposure to antineoplastic drugs (AD) was studied in a group of nurses in diverse hospitals in Mexico. The results were compared with a group of unexposed nurses. Anthropometric characteristics and the biochemical analysis were analyzed in both groups. Also, lipid peroxidation level (LPX), protein carbonyl content (PCC), and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were evaluated in blood of study participants as oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers. The group of occupationally exposed (OE) nurses consisted of 30 individuals ranging in age from 25 to 35 years. The control group included 30 nurses who were not occupationally exposed to the preparation and handling of AD and whose anthropometric and biochemical characteristics were similar to those of the OE group. All biomarkers evaluated were significantly increased (P < 0.5) in OE nurses compared to the control group. Results show that the assessment of OS biomarkers is advisable in order to evaluate exposure to AD in nurses.
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Santovito A, Cervella P, Delpero M. Chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from nurses occupationally exposed to chemicals. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:897-903. [PMID: 24275642 DOI: 10.1177/0960327113512338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the induced genome damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from a sample of nurses occupationally exposed to low doses of different chemicals. A comprehensive multi-biomarker approach using cytogenetic endpoints was employed for analyzing chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay. The study included 20 nurses and 20 control subjects matched in age, gender and smoking habits. Nurses were exposed to different chemicals, such as cytostatic drugs, anaesthetics, formaldehyde and other sterilizing gases. Significant differences were found between exposure group and control group in terms of SCEs frequency (p < 0.001) but not in terms of replication index value (p = 0.845) and CAs (p = 0.236). Regression analyses indicated that the age and the exposure years did not influence the amount of the chromosomal damage among nurses. Vice versa, among controls, a positive correlation was found between the number of SCEs and age. In conclusion, our results suggest that a continuous long-term exposure to low doses of chemicals could result in increased levels of SCEs among nurses. This data emphasize the importance of biomonitoring nurses and other hospital workers handling drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santovito
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - P Cervella
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - M Delpero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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Buschini A, Villarini M, Feretti D, Mussi F, Dominici L, Zerbini I, Moretti M, Ceretti E, Bonfiglioli R, Carrieri M, Gelatti U, Rossi C, Monarca S, Poli P. Multicentre study for the evaluation of mutagenic/carcinogenic risk in nurses exposed to antineoplastic drugs: assessment of DNA damage. Occup Environ Med 2013; 70:789-94. [PMID: 24143019 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People who handle antineoplastic drugs, many of which classified as human carcinogens by International Agency for Research on Cancer, are exposed to low doses in comparison with patients; however, the long duration of exposure could lead to health effects. The aim of this work was to evaluate DNA damage in white blood cells from 63 nurses who handle antineoplastic drugs in five Italian hospitals and 74 control participants, using different versions of the Comet assay. METHODS Primary DNA damage was assessed by using the alkaline version of the assay on leucocytes, whereas to detect DNA oxidative damage and cryptic lesions specifically, the Comet/ENDO III assay and the Comet/araC assay were performed on leucocytes and lymphocytes, respectively. RESULTS In the present study, no significant DNA damage was correlated with the work shift. The exposed population did not differ significantly from the reference group with respect to DNA primary and oxidative damage in leucocytes. Strikingly, in isolated lymphocytes treated with araC, lower data dispersion as well as a significantly lower mean value for the percentage of DNA in the comet tail was observed in exposed participants as compared with the control group (p<0.05), suggesting a potential chronic exposure to crosslinking antineoplastic drugs. CONCLUSIONS Although stringent rules were adopted at national and international levels to prevent occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs, data reported in this study support the idea that a more efficient survey on long-lasting exposures at very low concentrations is needed.
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Villarini M, Dominici L, Fatigoni C, Muzi G, Monarca S, Moretti M. Biological Effect Monitoring in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from Subjects Occupationally Exposed to Antineoplastic Drugs: Assessment of Micronuclei Frequency. J Occup Health 2013; 54:405-15. [DOI: 10.1539/joh.12-0038-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Villarini
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Specialties and Public Health (Section of Public Health)University of PerugiaItaly
| | - Luca Dominici
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Specialties and Public Health (Section of Public Health)University of PerugiaItaly
| | - Cristina Fatigoni
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Specialties and Public Health (Section of Public Health)University of PerugiaItaly
| | - Giacomo Muzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Section of Occupational MedicineRespiratory Diseases and Toxicology), University of PerugiaItaly
| | - Silvano Monarca
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Specialties and Public Health (Section of Public Health)University of PerugiaItaly
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Specialties and Public Health (Section of Public Health)University of PerugiaItaly
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Mrđanović J, Jungić S, Šolajić S, Bogdanović V, Jurišić V. Effects of orally administered antioxidants on micronuclei and sister chromatid exchange frequency in workers professionally exposed to antineoplastic agents. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2937-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lamberti M, Porto S, Marra M, Zappavigna S, Grimaldi A, Feola D, Pesce D, Naviglio S, Spina A, Sannolo N, Caraglia M. 5-Fluorouracil induces apoptosis in rat cardiocytes through intracellular oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2012; 31:60. [PMID: 22812382 PMCID: PMC3461434 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-31-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiotoxicity is a major complication of anticancer drugs, including anthracyclines and 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) and it can have detrimental effects both in patients and workers involved in the preparation of chemotherapy. Methods Specifically, we have assessed the effects of increasing concentrations of 5-FU and doxorubicin (DOXO) on proliferation of H9c2 rat cardiocytes and HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells by MTT assay. Cells were treated for 24, 48 and 72 h with different concentrations of the two drugs alone or with 5-FU in combination with 10-4 M of levofolene (LF). Results 5-FU induced a time- and dose-dependent growth inhibition in both cell lines. The 50% growth inhibition (IC:50) was reached at 72 h with concentrations of 4 μM and 400 μM on HT-29 and H9c2, respectively. The addition of LF to 5-FU enhanced this effect. On the other hand, the IC:50 of DOXO was reached at 72 h with concentrations of 0.118 μM on H9c2 and of 0.31 μM for HT-29. We have evaluated the cell death mechanism induced by 50% growth inhibitory concentrations of 5-FU or DOXO in cardiocytes and colon cancer cells. We have found that the treatment with 400 μM 5-FU induced apoptosis in 32% of H9c2 cells. This effect was increased by the addition of LF to 5-FU (38% of apoptotic cells). Apoptosis occurred in only about 10% of HT-29 cells treated with either 5-FU or 5-FU and LF in combination. DOXO induced poor effects on apoptosis of both H9c2 and HT-29 cells (5–7% apoptotic cells, respectively). The apoptosis induced by 5-FU and LF in cardiocytes was paralleled by the activation of caspases 3, 9 and 7 and by the intracellular increase of O2− levels. Conclusions These results suggest that cardiotoxic mechanism of chemotherapy agents are different and this disclose a new scenario for prevention of this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lamberti
- Occupational Medicine, Hygiene and Industrial Toxicology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Letter to editor. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s13382-012-0039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Fabrizi G, Fioretti M, Mainero Rocca L, Curini R. DESI-MS2: a rapid and innovative method for trace analysis of six cytostatic drugs in health care setting. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 403:973-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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El-Ebiary AA, Abuelfadl AA, Sarhan NI. Evaluation of genotoxicity induced by exposure to antineoplastic drugs in lymphocytes of oncology nurses and pharmacists. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 33:196-201. [PMID: 21935972 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The hazards of handling antineoplastic drugs have been raised and discussed in several studies. Introduction of new antineoplastics together with abuse of safety standards have contributed to the exposure risk for personnel who handle these substances. Interactions of antineoplastic drugs with biological structures vary according to the drug(s) and the individual's genetic susceptibility. This study was carried out to evaluate the genome damage induced by exposure to antineoplastic drugs in nurses (n = 20) and pharmacists (n = 18) working in the Oncology Department of Tanta Cancer Center. Thirty subjects matched in age, gender and smoking habit were selected as controls. Both chromosomal aberration analysis and micronucleus assay were used to evaluate genome damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the study subjects. The numbers of aberrant lymphocytes, as well as chromosomal aberration and micronuclei frequencies, were significantly increased in exposed personnel in comparison to matched controls. Compared with pharmacists, nurses showed notably higher level of chromosome damage. On the other hand, no significant difference in micronuclei frequency was observed between nurses and pharmacists. Correlation analyses pointed to the influence of age and duration of occupational exposure on the level of chromosome damage among exposed subjects. The results of this study confirmed that handling antineoplastic drugs without appropriate precautions imposed a genotoxic risk for exposed healthcare workers. These results address the need for regular biomonitoring of exposed personnel. In addition, they call attention to the need for proper implementation of intervention measures aiming to eliminate or significantly reduce worker exposure and prevent untoward biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A El-Ebiary
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Suspiro A, Prista J. Biomarkers of occupational exposure do anticancer agents: a minireview. Toxicol Lett 2011; 207:42-52. [PMID: 21911042 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The majority of anticancer agents has in common DNA-damaging properties and affects not only target-cells but also non-tumour cells. Its genotoxicity has been demonstrated in experimental models and in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Health care personnel involved in the preparation and administration of chemotherapy is therefore at risk for adverse health effects, since most environmental sampling studies demonstrated that there is widespread contamination of work surfaces and equipments with anticancer drugs. Adherence to safety guidelines and proper use of personal protective equipment are insufficient to prevent significant absorption, as evidenced by the presence of detectable amounts of drugs in urine samples and increased frequency of genotoxicity biomarkers. In this minireview, a critical appraisal of the most important biomarkers used for the evaluation of occupational exposure to anticancer agents as well as a summary of the key findings from several studies published in this field is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suspiro
- ENSP-UNL, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Sottani C, Porro B, Imbriani M, Minoia C. Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in four Italian health care settings. Toxicol Lett 2011; 213:107-15. [PMID: 21477641 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure assessment of health care workers to antineoplastic drugs (ADs) is still an open issue since new, critical, and emerging factors may put pharmacists who prepare hazardous drugs or nurses who administer anti cancer agents to an increased risk of developing adverse health effects. Overall, eight pharmacies and nine patient areas have been surveyed in this study. Wipe and pad samples were experienced during the surveillance program in four Italian health care settings. Urine samples were collected from workers handling ADs. Cyclophosphamide (CP), ifosfamide (IF), and gemcitabine (GEM) were detected in all the work environments by using a LC-MS/MS method-based capable of analysing all the three drugs simultaneously. In total, 54% of wipe samples were positive for at least one drug and 19% of pad samples were shown to be contaminated by cyclophosphamide. Pharmacies were generally more contaminated than patient areas with the exception of one site where a nurse had an acute exposure during the cleaning-up of an hazardous drug solution spill. In total, 22 urine samples collected from pharmacists and 78 urine samples from nurses had no detectable concentrations of any antineoplastic drugs. Despite the adherence to the recommended safety practices residue contamination on surfaces and floors has continued to be assessed in all the investigated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sottani
- Laboratory for Environmental and Toxicological Testing, IRCCS Pavia, S. Maugeri Foundation, via S. Maugeri 10, Pavia, Italy.
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Evaluation of antineoplastic drug exposure of health care workers at three university-based US cancer centers. J Occup Environ Med 2011; 52:1019-27. [PMID: 20881620 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3181f72b63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated health care worker exposure to antineoplastic drugs. METHODS A cross-sectional study examined environmental samples from pharmacy and nursing areas. A 6-week diary documented tasks involving those drugs. Urine was analyzed for two specific drugs, and blood samples were analyzed by the comet assay. RESULTS Sixty-eight exposed and 53 nonexposed workers were studied. Exposed workers recorded 10,000 drug-handling events during the 6-week period. Sixty percent of wipe samples were positive for at least one of the five drugs measured. Cyclophosphamide was most commonly detected, followed by 5-fluorouracil. Three of the 68 urine samples were positive for one drug. No genetic damage was detected in exposed workers using the comet assay. CONCLUSIONS Despite following recommended safe-handling practices, workplace contamination with antineoplastic drugs in pharmacy and nursing areas continues at these locations.
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Villarini M, Dominici L, Piccinini R, Fatigoni C, Ambrogi M, Curti G, Morucci P, Muzi G, Monarca S, Moretti M. Assessment of primary, oxidative and excision repaired DNA damage in hospital personnel handling antineoplastic drugs. Mutagenesis 2010; 26:359-69. [PMID: 21112930 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified several antineoplastic drugs in Group 1 (human carcinogens), among which chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide (CP) and tamoxifen, Group 2A (probable human carcinogens), among which cisplatin, etoposide, N-ethyl- and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, and Group 2B (possible human carcinogens), among which bleomycins, merphalan and mitomycin C. The widespread use of these mutagenic/carcinogenic drugs in the treatment of cancer has led to anxiety about possible genotoxic hazards to medical personnel handling these drugs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate work environment contamination by antineoplastic drugs in a hospital in Central Italy and to assess the genotoxic risks associated with antineoplastic drug handling. The study group comprised 52 exposed subjects and 52 controls. Environmental contamination was assessed by taking wipe samples from different surfaces in preparation and administration rooms and nonwoven swabs were used as pads for the surrogate evaluation of dermal exposure, 5-fluorouracil and cytarabine were chosen as markers of exposure to antineoplastic drugs in the working environment. The actual exposure to antineoplastic drugs was evaluated by determining the urinary excretion of CP. The extent of primary, oxidative and excision repaired DNA damage was measured in peripheral blood leukocytes with the alkaline comet assay. To evaluate the role, if any, of genetic variants in the extent of genotoxic effects related to antineoplastic drug occupational exposure, the study subjects were genotyped for GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and TP53 polymorphisms. Primary DNA damage significantly increased in leukocytes of exposed nurses compared to controls. The use of personal protective equipment (i.e. gloves and/mask) was associated with a decrease in the extent of primary DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Villarini
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties and Public Health University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
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Sottani C, Porro B, Comelli M, Imbriani M, Minoia C. An analysis to study trends in occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs among health care workers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2593-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Antineoplastic Drugs as a Potential Risk Factor in Occupational Settings: Mechanisms of Action at the Cell Level, Genotoxic Effects, and Their Detection Using Different Biomarkers. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2010; 61:121-46. [DOI: 10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antineoplastični Lijekovi Kao Čimbenik Rizika u Radnom Okolišu: Mehanizmi Djelovanja na Razini Stanice i Pregled Metoda za Otkrivanje Njihovih Genotoksičnih UčinakaU članku je prikazana osnovna podjela antineoplastičnih lijekova prema mehanizmima djelovanja na razini stanice. Objašnjeni su mehanizmi genotoksičnosti najvažnijih vrsta lijekova koji se primjenjuju u okviru uobičajenih protokola za liječenje zloćudnih novotvorina. Navedena je važeća klasifikacija antineoplastika prema kancerogenom potencijalu, podaci o mutagenom potencijalu te je prikazana njihova podjela u skladu s anatomsko-terapijsko-kemijskim sustavom klasifikacije. Sustavno su prikazani najvažniji rezultati svjetskih i hrvatskih istraživanja na populacijama radnika izloženih antineoplasticima, provedenih u razdoblju 1980.-2009. s pomoću četiri najčešće primjenjivane metode: analize izmjena sestrinskih kromatida, analize kromosomskih aberacija, mikronukleus-testa i komet-testa. Objašnjena su osnovna načela navedenih metoda te raspravljene njihove prednosti i nedostaci. Biološki pokazatelji daju važne podatke o individualnoj osjetljivosti profesionalno izloženih ispitanika koji mogu poslužiti unaprjeđenju postojećih uvjeta rada i upravljanju rizicima pri izloženosti genotoksičnim agensima. Na osnovi prednosti i nedostataka citogenetičkih metoda zaključeno je da je mikronukleus-test, koji podjednako uspješno dokazuje klastogene i aneugene učinke, jedna od najboljih metoda dostupnih za otkrivanje štetnih djelovanja antineoplastičnih lijekova koji su u aktivnoj primjeni.
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Dani C, Oliboni LS, Umezu FM, Pasquali MA, Salvador M, Moreira JCF, Henriques JAP. Antioxidant and Antigenotoxic Activities of Purple Grape Juice—Organic and Conventional—in Adult Rats. J Med Food 2009; 12:1111-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dani
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lívia S. Oliboni
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M. Umezu
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus A.B. Pasquali
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Comparison of chromosomal aberrations frequency and polymorphism of GSTs genes in workers occupationally exposed to cytostatics or anaesthetics. Interdiscip Toxicol 2009; 2:190-4. [PMID: 21217853 PMCID: PMC2984104 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-009-0016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Authors compared the incidence of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) of workers occupationally exposed to cytostatics (group EXP1) or anaesthetics (group EXP2) in relationship to polymorphism of GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 genes. The cytogenetic analysis for chromosomal aberrations frequency and for polymorphisms of genes the PCR and PCR-RFLP method were used. Statistically higher frequency of total CAs was detected in both exposed groups: group EXP1 1.90±1.34%; Mann-Whitney U-test, p=0.001; group EXP2 2.53±1.46%, p=0.0008) as compared to control (1.26±0.93%). In group EXP2 was detected statistically higher frequency of aberrations CSA-type as compared to CTA-type. In xenobiotic metabolizing genes for GST higher frequency of total CAs and constituent types chromatid-type aberrations (CTAs) and chromosome-type aberrations (CSAs) of genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 with null genotype was detected. Statistically significant difference was detected only in CSA-type of aberrations in GSTT1 gene. In gene GSTP1 was not detected any difference in frequency of aberrations in presence of the variant allele. Presented results point out importance of individual susceptibility in evaluation of genotoxic agents of anaesthetics or cytostatics.
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Effect of occupational exposure to cytostatics and nucleotide excision repair polymorphism on chromosomal aberrations frequency. Interdiscip Toxicol 2009; 2:13-7. [PMID: 21217839 PMCID: PMC2984094 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-009-0002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Authors evaluated the incidence of total chromosomal aberrations (CA) and their types – chromatid-type (CTA) and chromosome-type (CSA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 72 oncologic unit's workers occupationally exposed to cytostatics in relationship to polymorphisms of DNA repair genes XPD, XPG and XPC. The cytogenetic analysis was used for determination of chromosomal aberrations frequency and PCR-RFLP method for polymorphisms of genes. Statistically higher frequency of total CA was detected in exposed group as compared to control (1.90±1.34% vs. 1.26±0.93%; Mann-Whitney U-test, p=0.001). There was not detected any difference between CTA and CSA (0.92±1.04% vs. 0.98±1.17%). Similarly, in genes XPD exon 23 and XPC exon 15 wasn't detected any difference neither in total chromosomal aberrations nor in CTA and CSA types. Statistically significant decrease of total chromosomal aberrations and CTA-type with presence of variant allele C was detected in gene XPG exon 15. Authors pointed out the importance of individual susceptibility factors in evaluation of effects of genotoxic agents, in that event, when the concentration does not meet the occupational exposure limit.
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