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Ma D, Ojha P, Yu AD, Araujo MS, Luo W, Keefer E, Díaz MM, Wu M, Joiner WJ, Abruzzi KC, Rosbash M. Timeless noncoding DNA contains cell-type preferential enhancers important for proper Drosophila circadian regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321338121. [PMID: 38568969 PMCID: PMC11009632 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321338121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
To address the contribution of transcriptional regulation to Drosophila clock gene expression and to behavior, we generated a series of CRISPR-mediated deletions within two regions of the circadian gene timeless (tim), an intronic E-box region and an upstream E-box region that are both recognized by the key transcription factor Clock (Clk) and its heterodimeric partner Cycle. The upstream deletions but not an intronic deletion dramatically impact tim expression in fly heads; the biggest upstream deletion reduces peak RNA levels and tim RNA cycling amplitude to about 15% of normal, and there are similar effects on tim protein (TIM). The cycling amplitude of other clock genes is also strongly reduced, in these cases due to increases in trough levels. These data underscore the important contribution of the upstream E-box enhancer region to tim expression and of TIM to clock gene transcriptional repression in fly heads. Surprisingly, tim expression in clock neurons is only modestly affected by the biggest upstream deletion and is similarly affected by a deletion of the intronic E-box region. This distinction between clock neurons and glia is paralleled by a dramatically enhanced accessibility of the intronic enhancer region within clock neurons. This distinctive feature of tim chromatin was revealed by ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing) assays of purified neurons and glia as well as of fly heads. The enhanced cell type-specific accessibility of the intronic enhancer region explains the resilience of clock neuron tim expression and circadian behavior to deletion of the otherwise more prominent upstream tim E-box region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingbang Ma
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Pranav Ojha
- HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
| | - Albert D. Yu
- HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
| | - Maisa S. Araujo
- Laboratory of Entomology, Fiocruz Rondônia and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental/Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado, Federal University Foundation of Rondônia, Porto Velho76801-974, Brazil
| | - Weifei Luo
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning530003, China
| | - Evelyn Keefer
- HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
| | - Madelen M. Díaz
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
| | - Meilin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - William J. Joiner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Katharine C. Abruzzi
- HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
| | - Michael Rosbash
- HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02453
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Wang L, Li P, Zhang X, Gu Z, Pan X, Wu Y, Li H. The role of basic leucine zipper transcription factor E4BP4 in cancer: a review and update. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:91. [PMID: 38193973 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the genes of tumor cells and the disorder of immune microenvironment are the main factors of tumor development. The sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs affect the treatment of tumor. Nuclear transcription factor E4BP4 is dysregulated in a variety of malignant tumors. It can suppress the transcription of NFKBIA, RASSF8, SOSTDC1, FOXO-induced genes (TRAIL, FAS, GADD45a and GADD45b) and Hepcidin, up-regulate RCAN1-1 and PRNP, activate mTOR and p38 in cancer cells. Also, E4BP4 can regulate tumor immune microenvironment. TGFb1/Smad3/E4BP4/ IFNγ axis in NK cells plays an important role in antitumor immunotherapy. Over expression of E4BP4 inhibited the development of Th17 cells by directly binding to the RORγt promoter. Moreover, recent studies have shown that E4BP4 inhibited the expression of multidrug resistance genes. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanism of E4BP4 in cancer cellular process, the effects of E4BP4 in cancer immunotherapy and antitumor drug resistance, to provide theoretical basis for tumor treatment strategies targeting E4BP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peifen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenwu Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Du J, Zhang F, Chen M, Xiao Y, Zhang L, Dong L, Dong D, Wu B. Jujuboside A ameliorates cognitive deficiency in delirium through promoting hippocampal E4BP4 in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023:rgad057. [PMID: 37330271 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delirium (acute brain syndrome) is a common and serious neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by an acute decline in cognitive function. However, there is no effective treatment clinically. Here we investigated the potential effect of jujuboside A (JuA, a natural triterpenoid saponin) on cognitive impairment in delirium. METHODS Delirium models of mice were established by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus midazolam and implementing a jet lag protocol. Novel object recognition test and Y maze test were used to evaluate the effects of JuA on delirium-associated cognitive impairment. The mRNA and protein levels of relevant clock factors and inflammatory factors were measured by qPCR and Western blotting. Hippocampal Iba1+ intensity was determined by immunofluorescence staining. KEY FINDINGS JuA ameliorated delirium (particularly delirium-associated cognitive impairment) in mice, which was proved by the behavioural tests, including a preference for new objects, an increase of spontaneous alternation and improvement of locomotor activity. Furthermore, JuA inhibited the expression of ERK1/2, p-p65, TNFα and IL-1β in hippocampus, and repressed microglial activation in delirious mice. This was attributed to the increased expression of E4BP4 (a negative regulator of ERK1/2 cascade and microglial activation). Moreover, loss of E4bp4 in mice abrogated the effects of JuA on delirium as well as on ERK1/2 cascade and microglial activation in the hippocampus of delirious mice. Additionally, JuA treatment increased the expression of E4BP4 and decreased the expression of p-p65, TNFα and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells, supporting a protective effect of JuA on delirium. CONCLUSIONS JuA protects against delirium-associated cognitive impairment through promoting hippocampal E4BP4 in mice. Our findings are of great significance to the drug development of JuA against delirium and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Du
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fugui Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Dong
- HeBei Geo-environment Monitoring Institute, Shijiazhuang, HeBei, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Guo L, Cen H, Weng J, He Y, Guo X, He D, Liu K, Duan S, Yang J, Zhang X, Qin Z, Wan Y, Chen Z, Wu B. PER2 integrates circadian disruption and pituitary tumorigenesis. Theranostics 2023; 13:2657-2672. [PMID: 37215573 PMCID: PMC10196825 DOI: 10.7150/thno.82995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The role of circadian clock in pituitary tumorigenesis remains elusive. Here we investigate whether and how circadian clock modulates the development of pituitary adenomas. Methods and Results: We found altered expression of pituitary clock genes in patients with pituitary adenomas. In particular, PER2 is prominently upregulated. Further, jetlagged mice with PER2 upregulation have accelerated growth of GH3 xenograft tumor. Conversely, loss of Per2 protects mice against developing estrogen-induced pituitary adenoma. Similar antitumor effect is observed for SR8278, a chemical that can decrease pituitary PER2 expression. RNA-seq analysis suggests involvement of cell cycle disturbance in PER2 regulation of pituitary adenoma. Subsequent in vivo and cell-based experiments validate that PER2 induces pituitary expression of Ccnb2, Cdc20 and Espl1 (three cell cycle genes) to facilitate cell cycle progression and inhibit apoptosis, thereby promoting pituitary tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, PER2 regulates the transcription of Ccnb2, Cdc20 and Espl1 through enhancing the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α. HIF-1α trans-activates Ccnb2, Cdc20 and Espl1 via direct binding to its specific response element in the gene promoters. Conclusion: PER2 integrates circadian disruption and pituitary tumorigenesis. These findings advance our understanding of crosstalk between circadian clock and pituitary adenomas and highlight the relevance of clock-based approaches in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxia Guo
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haobin Cen
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxian Weng
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiting He
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocao Guo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di He
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaisheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyi Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zifei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yong Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Minimally Invasive Treatment Center for Pituitary Adenoma of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Tice AL, Laudato JA, Gordon BS, Steiner JL. Chronic Alcohol Consumption Disrupts the Skeletal Muscle Circadian Clock in Female Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:159-170. [PMID: 36579773 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221141464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic skeletal muscle core clock has emerged as a key feature of metabolic control and influences several aspects of muscle physiology. Acute alcohol intoxication disrupts the core molecular clock, but whether chronic consumption, like that leading to alcoholic myopathy, is also a zeitgeber for skeletal muscle remains unknown. The purpose of this work was to determine whether chronic alcohol consumption dysregulates the skeletal muscle core molecular clock and clock-controlled genes (CCGs). C57BL/6Hsd female mice (14 weeks old) were fed a control (CON) or alcohol (EtOH) containing liquid diet for 6 weeks. Gastrocnemius muscles and serum were collected from CON and EtOH mice every 4-h for 24-h. Chronic alcohol consumption disrupted genes of the core clock including suppressing the rhythmic peak of expression of Bmal1, Per1, Per2, and Cry2. Genes involved in the regulation of Bmal1 also exhibited lower rhythmic peaks including Reverb α and Myod1. The CCGs, Dbp, Lpl, Hk2, and Hadh were also suppressed by alcohol. The nuclear expression patterns of MYOD1, DBP, and REVERBα were shifted by alcohol, while no change in BMAL1 was detected. Overall, these data indicate that alcohol disrupted the skeletal muscle core clock but whether these changes in the core clock are causative or a consequence of alcoholic myopathy requires future mechanistic confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Tice
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Joseph A Laudato
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Bradley S Gordon
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Jennifer L Steiner
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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Galinde AAS, Al-Mughales F, Oster H, Heyde I. Different levels of circadian (de)synchrony -- where does it hurt? F1000Res 2022; 11:1323. [PMID: 37125019 PMCID: PMC10130703 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.127234.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A network of cellular timers ensures the maintenance of homeostasis by temporal modulation of physiological processes across the day. These so-called circadian clocks are synchronized to geophysical time by external time cues (or zeitgebers). In modern societies, natural environmental cycles are disrupted by artificial lighting, around-the-clock availability of food or shiftwork. Such contradictory zeitgeber input promotes chronodisruption, i.e., the perturbation of internal circadian rhythms, resulting in adverse health outcomes. While this phenomenon is well described, it is still poorly understood at which level of organization perturbed rhythms impact on health and wellbeing. In this review, we discuss different levels of chronodisruption and what is known about their health effects. We summarize the results of disrupted phase coherence between external and internal time vs. misalignment of tissue clocks amongst each other, i.e., internal desynchrony. Last, phase incoherence can also occur at the tissue level itself. Here, alterations in phase coordination can emerge between cellular clocks of the same tissue or between different clock genes within the single cell. A better understanding of the mechanisms of circadian misalignment and its effects on physiology will help to find effective tools to prevent or treat disorders arising from modern-day chronodisruptive environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita AS. Galinde
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Faheem Al-Mughales
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
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7
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Galinde AAS, Al-Mughales F, Oster H, Heyde I. Different levels of circadian (de)synchrony -- where does it hurt? F1000Res 2022; 11:1323. [PMID: 37125019 PMCID: PMC10130703 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.127234.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A network of cellular timers ensures the maintenance of homeostasis by temporal modulation of physiological processes across the day. These so-called circadian clocks are synchronized to geophysical time by external time cues (or zeitgebers). In modern societies, natural environmental cycles are disrupted by artificial lighting, around-the-clock availability of food or shift work. Such contradictory zeitgeber input promotes chronodisruption, i.e., the perturbation of internal circadian rhythms, resulting in adverse health outcomes. While this phenomenon is well described, it is still poorly understood at which level of organization perturbed rhythms impact on health and wellbeing. In this review, we discuss different levels of chronodisruption and what is known about their health effects. We summarize the results of disrupted phase coherence between external and internal time vs. misalignment of tissue clocks amongst each other, i.e., internal desynchrony. Last, phase incoherence can also occur at the tissue level itself. Here, alterations in phase coordination can emerge between cellular clocks of the same tissue or between different clock genes within the single cell. A better understanding of the mechanisms of circadian misalignment and its effects on physiology will help to find effective tools to prevent or treat disorders arising from modern-day chronodisruptive environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita AS. Galinde
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Faheem Al-Mughales
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
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Chen M, Zhang L, Shao M, Du J, Xiao Y, Zhang F, Zhang T, Li Y, Zhou Q, Liu K, Wang Z, Wu B. E4BP4 Coordinates Circadian Control of Cognition in Delirium. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200559. [PMID: 35713240 PMCID: PMC9376827 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Improved understanding of the etiologies of delirium, a common and severe neuropsychiatric syndrome, would facilitate the disease prevention and treatment. Here, the authors invesitgate the role of circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of delirium. They observe perturbance of circadian rhythms in mouse models of delirium and disrupted clock gene expression in patients with delirium. In turn, physiological and genetic circadian disruptions sensitize mice to delirium with aggravated cognitive impairment. Likewise, global deletion of E4bp4 (E4 promoter-binding protein), a clock gene markedly altered in delirium conditions, results in exacerbated delirium-associated cognitive decline. Cognitive decline in delirium models is attributed to microglial activation and impaired long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals microglia as the regulatory target of E4bp4. E4bp4 restrains microglial activation via inhibiting the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Supporting this, mice lacking in microglial E4bp4 are delirious prone, whereas mice with E4bp4 specifically deleted in hippocampal CA1 neurons have a normal phenotype. Mechanistically, E4bp4 inhibits ERK1/2 signaling by trans-repressing Mapk1/3 (genes encoding ERK1/2) via direct binding to a D-box element in the promoter region. These findings define a causal role of clock dysfunction in delirium development and indicate E4bp4 as a regulator of cognition at the crosstalk between circadian clock and delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and MetabolismGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510006China
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Mingting Shao
- Guangdong‐Hongkong‐Macau Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Jianhao Du
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yifei Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and MetabolismGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510006China
| | - Fugui Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and MetabolismGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510006China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and MetabolismGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510006China
| | - Yifang Li
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan University; The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and Technology)Shenzhen518119China
| | - Kaisheng Liu
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan University; The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and Technology)Shenzhen518119China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care UnitFirst Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510630China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and MetabolismGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510006China
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Wang Z, Gao L, Ren S, Sun G, Lin Y, Wang S, Wu B. E4BP4 regulates hepatic SLC2A9 and uric acid disposition in mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:591-599. [PMID: 35246462 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC2A9 is a voltage-driven transporter that mediates cellular uptake and efflux of various substrates such as uric acid. Here, we investigated the role of the transcription factor E4BP4 in regulating hepatic SLC2A9 in mice. Effects of E4BP4 on hepatic SLC2A9 and other transporters were examined using E4bp4 knockout (E4bp4 -/-) mice. Transporting activity of SLC2A9 was assessed using uric acid as a prototypical substrate. We found that three SLC genes (i.e., Slc2a9, Slc17a1, and Slc22a7) were up-regulated in the liver in E4bp4 -/- mice with Slc2a9 altered the most. E4bp4 ablation in mice blunted the diurnal rhythm in hepatic SLC2A9, in addition to increasing its expression. Furthermore, E4bp4 -/- mice showed increased hepatic uric acid but reduced uric acid in the plasma and urine. Consistently, allantoin, a metabolite of uric acid generated in the liver, was increased in the liver of E4bp4 -/- mice. E4bp4 ablation also protected mice from potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia. Moreover, negative effects of E4BP4 on SLC2A9 were validated in Hepa-1c1c7 and in primary mouse hepatocytes. In addition, according to luciferase reporter and ChIP assays, we found that E4BP4 repressed Slc2a9 transcription and expression through direct binding to a D-box element (-531 bp to -524 bp) on the P2 promoter. In conclusion, E4BP4 was identified as a novel regulator of SLC2A9 and uric acid homeostasis, which might facilitate new therapies for reducing uric acid in various conditions related to hyperuricemia. Significance Statement Our findings identify E4BP4 as a novel regulator of SLC2A9 and uric acid homeostasis, which might facilitate new therapies for reducing uric acid in various conditions related to hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shuai Wang
- Guangzhou university of Chinese medicine, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, China
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Bryant AJ, Ebrahimi E, Nguyen A, Wolff CA, Gumz ML, Liu AC, Esser KA. A wrinkle in time: circadian biology in pulmonary vascular health and disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L84-L101. [PMID: 34850650 PMCID: PMC8759967 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00037.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An often overlooked element of pulmonary vascular disease is time. Cellular responses to time, which are regulated directly by the core circadian clock, have only recently been elucidated. Despite an extensive collection of data regarding the role of rhythmic contribution to disease pathogenesis (such as systemic hypertension, coronary artery, and renal disease), the roles of key circadian transcription factors in pulmonary hypertension remain understudied. This is despite a large degree of overlap in the pulmonary hypertension and circadian rhythm fields, not only including shared signaling pathways, but also cell-specific effects of the core clock that are known to result in both protective and adverse lung vessel changes. Therefore, the goal of this review is to summarize the current dialogue regarding common pathways in circadian biology, with a specific emphasis on its implications in the progression of pulmonary hypertension. In this work, we emphasize specific proteins involved in the regulation of the core molecular clock while noting the circadian cell-specific changes relevant to vascular remodeling. Finally, we apply this knowledge to the optimization of medical therapy, with a focus on sleep hygiene and the role of chronopharmacology in patients with this disease. In dissecting the unique relationship between time and cellular biology, we aim to provide valuable insight into the practical implications of considering time as a therapeutic variable. Armed with this information, physicians will be positioned to more efficiently use the full four dimensions of patient care, resulting in improved morbidity and mortality of pulmonary hypertension patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Bryant
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Elnaz Ebrahimi
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amy Nguyen
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christopher A. Wolff
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L. Gumz
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew C. Liu
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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11
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Zhou Q, Wang K, Qiu J, Zhu D, Tian T, Zhang Y, Qin X. Comparative transcriptome analysis and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing reveal that E4BP4 mediates lithium upregulation of Per2 expression. Open Biol 2021; 11:210140. [PMID: 34905700 PMCID: PMC8670960 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by alternate episodes of mania and depression. Disruption of normal circadian clock and abnormal sleep cycles are common symptoms of BPD patients. Lithium salt is currently an effective clinical therapeutic drug for BPD. Animal and cellular studies have found that lithium salt can upregulate the expression of the clock gene Per2, but the mechanism is unknown. We aim to understand the mechanism underlying the Per2 upregulation by lithium treatment. By taking approaches of both comparative transcriptome analysis and comparative qPCR analysis between human and murine cells, Lumicycle assay, luciferase assay and RT-qPCR assay showed that lithium could significantly upregulate the expression of Per2 in both mouse and human cells, and significantly inhibit the expression of E4bp4, which encodes a transcriptional inhibitor of Per2. After knocking out the cis-element upstream on the Per2 promoter that responds to E4BP4, the upregulation effect on Per2 by lithium disappeared. When E4bp4 gene was knocked out, the upregulation effect on Per2 by lithium salt disappeared. This study has found that lithium upregulates Per2 expression by reducing the expression of transcription factor E4BP4, but the mechanism of lithium salt downregulation of E4BP4 remains to be further studied. Our study provides a new therapeutic target and approaches for treating BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Kankan Wang
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiameng Qiu
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Modern Experiment Technology Center, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximing Qin
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
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12
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Wang XL, Li L. Circadian Clock Regulates Inflammation and the Development of Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:696554. [PMID: 34595127 PMCID: PMC8476957 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.696554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates numerous key physiological processes and maintains cellular, tissue, and systemic homeostasis. Disruption of circadian clock machinery influences key activities involved in immune response and brain function. Moreover, Immune activation has been closely linked to neurodegeneration. Here, we review the molecular clock machinery and the diurnal variation of immune activity. We summarize the circadian control of immunity in both central and peripheral immune cells, as well as the circadian regulation of brain cells that are implicated in neurodegeneration. We explore the important role of systemic inflammation on neurodegeneration. The circadian clock modulates cellular metabolism, which could be a mechanism underlying circadian control. We also discuss the circadian interventions implicated in inflammation and neurodegeneration. Targeting circadian clocks could be a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lianjian Li
- Department of Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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13
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Ren S, Sun G, Wu Z, Lin Y, Wang S, Dong D, Yu P, Huang H, Wu B. mmu-miR-199a-5p regulates CYP2B10 through repression of E4BP4 in mouse AML-12 hepatocytes. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1101-1109. [PMID: 34382487 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1968067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
miR-199a-5p is an important regulator of many biological processes. However, whether and how CYP enzymes are regulated by miR-199a-5p are unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate a potential role of mmu-miR-199a-5p in regulating CYP2 enzymes.Regulatory effects of mmu-miR-199a-5p on CYP expression were assessed in mouse AML-12 hepatocytes. Metabolic activity of CYP2B10 was probed using cyclophosphamide (CPA) as a specific substrate. Regulatory mechanism was investigated using combined luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation.Of several important drug-metabolizing CYPs, mmu-miR-199a-5p significantly increased the mRNA levels of Cyp2a10, Cyp2c29 and Cyp2j5 in AML-12 cells with Cyp2a10 altered the most. Consistently, mmu-miR-199a-5p enhanced the expression of CYP2B10 protein and cellular metabolism of CPA. Based on database analysis, Cyp2b10 was not a direct target gene of mmu-miR-199a-5p. Thus, a mediator is necessary for the miRNA regulation of CYP2B10. We found that E4BP4 repressed Cyp2b10 transcription and expression through specific binding to a D-box element in the gene promoter. Moreover, mmu-miR-199a-5p inhibited the expression of E4bp4 at the posttranscriptional level by directly targeting the 59-65 nt segment in its 3'UTR.In conclusion, mmu-miR-199a-5p positively regulates CYP2B10 expression through inhibiting its repressor E4BP4. Our findings may provide increased understanding of the complex regulatory pathways for CYP2B10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of molecular rhythm and metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of molecular rhythm and metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengping Wu
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanke Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of molecular rhythm and metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of molecular rhythm and metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Dong
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of molecular rhythm and metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Saha S, Singh KM, Gupta BBP. Robust circadian and circannual rhythms of expression of clock genes and clock controlled aanat2 gene in the photoreceptive pineal organ of catfish, Clarias gariepinus under natural conditions. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1911550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Saha
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Kshetrimayum Manisana Singh
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Braj B. P. Gupta
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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15
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Heyde I, Begemann K, Oster H. Contributions of white and brown adipose tissues to the circadian regulation of energy metabolism. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6102571. [PMID: 33453099 PMCID: PMC7864004 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The term energy metabolism comprises the entirety of chemical processes associated with uptake, conversion, storage, and breakdown of nutrients. All these must be tightly regulated in time and space to ensure metabolic homeostasis in an environment characterized by cycles such as the succession of day and night. Most organisms evolved endogenous circadian clocks to achieve this goal. In mammals, a ubiquitous network of cellular clocks is coordinated by a pacemaker residing in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. Adipocytes harbor their own circadian clocks, and large aspects of adipose physiology are regulated in a circadian manner through transcriptional regulation of clock-controlled genes. White adipose tissue (WAT) stores energy in the form of triglycerides at times of high energy levels that then serve as fuel in times of need. It also functions as an endocrine organ, releasing factors in a circadian manner to regulate food intake and energy turnover in other tissues. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) produces heat through nonshivering thermogenesis, a process also controlled by the circadian clock. We here review how WAT and BAT contribute to the circadian regulation of energy metabolism. We describe how adipose rhythms are regulated by the interplay of systemic signals and local clocks and summarize how adipose-originating circadian factors feed-back on metabolic homeostasis. The role of adipose tissue in the circadian control of metabolism becomes increasingly clear as circadian disruption leads to alterations in adipose tissue regulation, promoting obesity and its sequelae. Stabilizing adipose tissue rhythms, in turn, may help to combat disrupted energy homeostasis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Heyde
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence: Henrik Oster, PhD, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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16
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Cox KH, Takahashi JS. Introduction to the Clock System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1344:3-20. [PMID: 34773223 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Circadian (24-h) rhythms dictate almost everything we do, setting our clocks for specific times of sleeping and eating, as well as optimal times for many other basic functions. The physiological systems that coordinate circadian rhythms are intricate, but at their core, they all can be distilled down to cell-autonomous rhythms that are then synchronized within and among tissues. At first glance, these cell-autonomous rhythms may seem rather straight-forward, but years of research in the field has shown that they are strikingly complex, responding to many different external signals, often with remarkable tissue-specificity. To understand the cellular clock system, it is important to be familiar with the major players, which consist of pairs of proteins in a triad of transcriptional/translational feedback loops. In this chapter, we will go through each of the core protein pairs one-by-one, summarizing the literature as to their regulation and their broader impacts on circadian gene expression. We will conclude by briefly examining the human genetics literature, as well as providing perspectives on the future of the study of the molecular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly H Cox
- Department of Neuroscience and Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience and Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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17
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Chirico N, Van Laake LW, Sluijter JPG, van Mil A, Dierickx P. Cardiac circadian rhythms in time and space: The future is in 4D. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 57:49-59. [PMID: 33338891 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock synchronizes the body into 24-h cycles, thereby anticipating variations in tissue-specific diurnal tasks, such as response to increased cardiac metabolic demand during the active period of the day. As a result, blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and occurrence of fatal cardiovascular events fluctuate in a diurnal manner. The heart contains different cell types that make up and reside in an environment of biochemical, mechanical, and topographical signaling. Cardiac architecture is essential for proper heart development as well as for maintenance of cell homeostasis and tissue repair. In this review, we describe the possibilities of studying circadian rhythmicity in the heart by using advanced in vitro systems that mimic the native cardiac 3D microenvironment which can be tuned in time and space. Harnessing the knowledge that originates from those in vitro models could significantly improve innovative cardiac modeling and regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Chirico
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alain van Mil
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieterjan Dierickx
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA.
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18
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de Goede P, Hellings TP, Coopmans TV, Ritsema WIGR, Kalsbeek A. After-Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding on Whole-Body Metabolism and Gene Expression in Four Different Peripheral Tissues. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28 Suppl 1:S68-S80. [PMID: 32475077 PMCID: PMC7496197 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies show that shift workers are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. As modern societies increasingly require shift work, it seems crucial to determine whether there are long-lasting health effects of rotational shifts. METHODS This study examined the after-effects of 4 weeks of time-restricted feeding (TRF) during the light period (= light-fed) in rats, an animal model for shift work. This study also included a TRF-dark (= dark-fed) control group. The aligned and misaligned feeding times of light and dark feeding are associated with poor and good health outcomes, respectively. Several physiological measures were monitored continuously; blood, liver, brown adipose tissue, and soleus and gastrocnemius muscle were collected following 11 days of ad libitum (AL) feeding after ending the TRF. RESULTS In the dark-fed animals, the day/night differences in food intake, activity, and respiratory exchange ratio were still enhanced at the end of the experiment. Light-fed animals displayed the smallest day/night differences for these measures, as well as for body temperature. In both the light- and dark-fed animals, rhythms in plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, and gene expression had not fully recovered after 11 days of AL feeding. Importantly, the effects on gene expression were both tissue and gene dependent. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that rotational shift workers may have an increased risk of long-lasting disturbed rhythms in several physiological measures after a period of shift work. Clearly, such disturbances may harm their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Goede
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & UMCAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Tom P. Hellings
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & UMCAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Tom V. Coopmans
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & UMCAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Wayne I. G. R. Ritsema
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & UMCAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & UMCAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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19
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Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Circadian Clock Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083013. [PMID: 32344623 PMCID: PMC7215637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian oscillations are regulated at both central and peripheral levels to maintain physiological homeostasis. The central circadian clock consists of a central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus that is entrained by light dark cycles and this, in turn, synchronizes the peripheral clock inherent in other organs. Circadian dysregulation has been attributed to dysregulation of peripheral clock and also associated with several diseases. Components of the molecular clock are disrupted in lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and IPF. Airway epithelial cells play an important role in temporally organizing magnitude of immune response, DNA damage response and acute airway inflammation. Non-coding RNAs play an important role in regulation of molecular clock and in turn are also regulated by clock components. Dysregulation of these non-coding RNAs have been shown to impact the expression of core clock genes as well as clock output genes in many organs. However, no studies have currently looked at the potential impact of these non-coding RNAs on lung molecular clock. This review focuses on the ways how these non-coding RNAs regulate and in turn are regulated by the lung molecular clock and its potential impact on lung diseases.
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20
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Wang H, Yang Z, Li X, Huang D, Yu S, He J, Li Y, Yan J. Single-cell in vivo imaging of cellular circadian oscillators in zebrafish. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000435. [PMID: 32168317 PMCID: PMC7069618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a cell-autonomous time-keeping mechanism established gradually during embryonic development. Here, we generated a transgenic zebrafish line carrying a destabilized fluorescent protein driven by the promoter of a core clock gene, nr1d1, to report in vivo circadian rhythm at the single-cell level. By time-lapse imaging of this fish line and 3D reconstruction, we observed the sequential initiation of the reporter expression starting at photoreceptors in the pineal gland, then spreading to the cells in other brain regions at the single-cell level. Even within the pineal gland, we found heterogeneous onset of nr1d1 expression, in which each cell undergoes circadian oscillation superimposed over a cell type–specific developmental trajectory. Furthermore, we found that single-cell expression of nr1d1 showed synchronous circadian oscillation under a light–dark (LD) cycle. Remarkably, single-cell oscillations were dramatically dampened rather than desynchronized in animals raised under constant darkness, while the developmental trend still persists. It suggests that light exposure in early zebrafish embryos has significant effect on cellular circadian oscillations. A transgenic zebrafish line, nr1d1-VNP, enables the monitoring of single-cell circadian rhythms in live zebrafish; using this fish line, the authors find that light exposure in early development initializes rather than synchronizes single-cell oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of AnHui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dengfeng Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuguang Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie He
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (YL); (JH)
| | - Yuanhai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of AnHui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (YL); (JH)
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (YL); (JH)
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21
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Lin SC, Lin CH, Shih NC, Liu HL, Wang WC, Lin KY, Liu ZY, Tseng YJ, Chang HK, Lin YC, Yeh YC, Minato H, Fujii T, Wu YC, Chen MY, Chou TY. Cellular prion protein transcriptionally regulated by NFIL3 enhances lung cancer cell lamellipodium formation and migration through JNK signaling. Oncogene 2019; 39:385-398. [PMID: 31477838 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor invasion and metastasis are the major causes of treatment failure and mortality in lung cancer patients. In this study, we identified a group of genes with differential expression in in situ and invasive lung adenocarcinoma tissues by expression profiling; among these genes we further characterized the association of the upregulation of PRNP, the gene encoding cellular Prion protein (PrPc), with lung adenocarcinoma invasiveness. Immunohistochemistry on clinical specimens showed an association of PrPc expression with invasive but not in situ lung adenocarcinoma. Consistently, the expression of PrPc was higher in the highly invasive than in the lowly invasive lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Knockdown of PrPc expression in cultured lung adenocarcinoma cells decreased their lamellipodium formation, in vitro migration and invasion, and in vivo experimental lung metastasis. Phosphorylation of JNKs was found to correlate with PrPc expression and the inhibition of JNKs suppressed the PrPc-induced up-regulation of lamellipodium formation, cell migration, and invasion. Moreover, we identified the nuclear factor, interleukin 3 regulated (NFIL3) protein as a transcriptional activator of the PRNP promoter. Accordingly, NFIL3 promoted lung cancer cell migration and invasion in a PrPc-dependent manner. High NFIL3 expression in clinical specimens of lung adenocarcinoma was also associated with tumor invasiveness. Overall, our observations suggest that the NFIL3/PrPc axis, through regulating lamellipodium formation and cell mobility via JNK signaling, plays a critical role in lung cancer invasiveness and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Chih Lin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Lin
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Chu Shih
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chao Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Yu Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jhen Tseng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Kai Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Lin
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hiroshi Minato
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Pathology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | - Yu-Chung Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yu Chen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. .,Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
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22
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Sun Y, Liu C, Huang M, Huang J, Liu C, Zhang J, Postlethwait JH, Wang H. The Molecular Evolution of Circadian Clock Genes in Spotted Gar ( Lepisosteus oculatus). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10080622. [PMID: 31426485 PMCID: PMC6723592 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms with a period of approximately 24 h. While canonical circadian clock genes and their regulatory mechanisms appear highly conserved, the evolution of clock gene families is still unclear due to several rounds of whole genome duplication in vertebrates. The spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus), as a non-teleost ray-finned fish, represents a fish lineage that diverged before the teleost genome duplication (TGD), providing an outgroup for exploring the evolutionary mechanisms of circadian clocks after whole-genome duplication. In this study, we interrogated the spotted gar draft genome sequences and found that spotted gar contains 26 circadian clock genes from 11 families. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 9 of these 11 spotted gar circadian clock gene families have the same number of genes as humans, while the members of the nfil3 and cry families are different between spotted gar and humans. Using phylogenetic and syntenic analyses, we found that nfil3-1 is conserved in vertebrates, while nfil3-2 and nfil3-3 are maintained in spotted gar, teleost fish, amphibians, and reptiles, but not in mammals. Following the two-round vertebrate genome duplication (VGD), spotted gar retained cry1a, cry1b, and cry2, and cry3 is retained in spotted gar, teleost fish, turtles, and birds, but not in mammals. We hypothesize that duplication of core clock genes, such as (nfil3 and cry), likely facilitated diversification of circadian regulatory mechanisms in teleost fish. We also found that the transcription factor binding element (Ahr::Arnt) is retained only in one of the per1 or per2 duplicated paralogs derived from the TGD in the teleost fish, implicating possible subfuctionalization cases. Together, these findings help decipher the repertoires of the spotted gar’s circadian system and shed light on how the vertebrate circadian clock systems have evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Moli Huang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Changhong Liu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiguang Zhang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | | | - Han Wang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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The Poly(C) Motif in the Proximal Promoter Region of the D Site-Binding Protein Gene ( Dbp) Drives Its High-Amplitude Oscillation. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00101-19. [PMID: 31160492 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00101-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The D site-binding protein (Dbp) supports the rhythmic transcription of downstream genes, in part by displaying high-amplitude cycling of its own transcripts compared to other circadian-clock genes. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that the poly(C) motif within the Dbp proximal promoter, in addition to an E-box element, provoked transcriptional activation. Furthermore, we generated a cell line with poly(C) deleted to demonstrate the endogenous effect of the poly(C) motif within the Dbp promoter. We investigated whether RNA polymerase 2 (Pol2) recruitment on the Dbp promoter was decreased in the cell line with poly(C) deleted. Next, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC)-quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed that the poly(C) motif induced greater chromatin accessibility within the region of the Dbp promoter. Finally, we determined that the oscillation amplitude of endogenous Dbp mRNA of the cell line with poly(C) deleted was decreased, which affected the oscillation of other clock genes that are controlled by Dbp Taken together, our results provide new insights into the function of the poly(C) motif as a novel cis-acting element of Dbp, along with its significance in the regulation of circadian rhythms.
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Liu X, Zhang S, Shen ZJ, Liu Y, Li Z, Liu X. Vrille is required for larval moulting and metamorphosis of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 28:355-371. [PMID: 30485565 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vrille (Vri), a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, plays important roles in insect circadian clock regulation, tracheal development, proliferation, flight and metamorphosis. Here, Helicoverpa armigera was used as a model to investigate the role of Vri in larval moulting and metamorphosis. Sequence analysis results revealed that H. armigera Vri (HaVri) shares a high amino acid identity with other Lepidoptera Vri homologues. Spatial-temporal expression pattern data showed that HaVri expression was highly abundant in larval moulting and metamorphosis stages and was mainly expressed in the midgut and Malpighian tubule during metamorphosis. HaVri knockdown by RNA interference in the fourth-instar larvae prevented larval moulting, and HaVri knockdown in the fifth-instar larvae suppressed midgut remodelling and delayed or blocked metamorphosis. Further studies confirmed that 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) activated HaVri expression via its heterodimer receptors, ecdysone receptor (EcRB1) and ultraspiracle protein (USP1), whereas methoprene [juvenile hormone analogue (JHA)] promoted HaVri expression via its intracellular receptor methoprene-tolerant (Met1). However, 20E and JHA can counteract each other in the activation of HaVri expression. Together, the present results suggested that HaVri was involved in larval moulting and metamorphosis and was regulated by 20E and JHA in H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Z J Shen
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
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25
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Higareda-Almaraz JC, Karbiener M, Giroud M, Pauler FM, Gerhalter T, Herzig S, Scheideler M. Norepinephrine triggers an immediate-early regulatory network response in primary human white adipocytes. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:794. [PMID: 30390616 PMCID: PMC6215669 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norepinephrine (NE) signaling has a key role in white adipose tissue (WAT) functions, including lipolysis, free fatty acid liberation and, under certain conditions, conversion of white into brite (brown-in-white) adipocytes. However, acute effects of NE stimulation have not been described at the transcriptional network level. RESULTS We used RNA-seq to uncover a broad transcriptional response. The inference of protein-protein and protein-DNA interaction networks allowed us to identify a set of immediate-early genes (IEGs) with high betweenness, validating our approach and suggesting a hierarchical control of transcriptional regulation. In addition, we identified a transcriptional regulatory network with IEGs as master regulators, including HSF1 and NFIL3 as novel NE-induced IEG candidates. Moreover, a functional enrichment analysis and gene clustering into functional modules suggest a crosstalk between metabolic, signaling, and immune responses. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our network biology approach explores for the first time the immediate-early systems level response of human adipocytes to acute sympathetic activation, thereby providing a first network basis of early cell fate programs and crosstalks between metabolic and transcriptional networks required for proper WAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Higareda-Almaraz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- NMR laboratory, Institute of Myology, Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France
| | - Michael Karbiener
- Department of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maude Giroud
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian M. Pauler
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Present Address: Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Teresa Gerhalter
- Present Address: Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- NMR laboratory, Institute of Myology, Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France
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26
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Hong HK, Maury E, Ramsey KM, Perelis M, Marcheva B, Omura C, Kobayashi Y, Guttridge DC, Barish GD, Bass J. Requirement for NF-κB in maintenance of molecular and behavioral circadian rhythms in mice. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1367-1379. [PMID: 30366905 PMCID: PMC6217733 DOI: 10.1101/gad.319228.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock is encoded by an autoregulatory transcription feedback loop that drives rhythmic behavior and gene expression in the brain and peripheral tissues. Transcriptomic analyses indicate cell type-specific effects of circadian cycles on rhythmic physiology, although how clock cycles respond to environmental stimuli remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that activation of the inducible transcription factor NF-κB in response to inflammatory stimuli leads to marked inhibition of clock repressors, including the Period, Cryptochrome, and Rev-erb genes, within the negative limb. Furthermore, activation of NF-κB relocalizes the clock components CLOCK/BMAL1 genome-wide to sites convergent with those bound by NF-κB, marked by acetylated H3K27, and enriched in RNA polymerase II. Abrogation of NF-κB during adulthood alters the expression of clock repressors, disrupts clock-controlled gene cycles, and impairs rhythmic activity behavior, revealing a role for NF-κB in both unstimulated and activated conditions. Together, these data highlight NF-κB-mediated transcriptional repression of the clock feedback limb as a cause of circadian disruption in response to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyung Hong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Eleonore Maury
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels B-1200, Belgium
| | - Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Mark Perelis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Biliana Marcheva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Chiaki Omura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Yumiko Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Denis C Guttridge
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
| | - Grant D Barish
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Sultan A. Identification and development of clock-modulating small molecules – an emerging approach to fine-tune the disrupted circadian clocks. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1498197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Armiya Sultan
- Chronobiology and Animal Behavior Laboratory, School of Studies in Life Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
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28
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Zhao M, Zhang T, Yu F, Guo L, Wu B. E4bp4 regulates carboxylesterase 2 enzymes through repression of the nuclear receptor Rev-erbα in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 152:293-301. [PMID: 29653076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CES) are a family of phase I enzymes that play an important role in xenobiotic clearance and lipid metabolism. Here, we investigate a potential role of E4 promoter-binding protein 4 (E4bp4) in regulation of Ces and CPT-11 (irinotecan, a first-line drug for treating colorectal cancer) pharmacokinetics in mice. Mouse hepatoma Hepa-1c1c7 cells were transfected with Rev-erbα expression plasmid or siRNA targeting E4bp4. The relative mRNA and protein levels of Ces enzymes in the cells or the livers of wild-type and E4bp4-deficient (E4bp4-/-) mice were determined by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Transcriptional regulation of Ces by E4bp4/Rev-erbα were investigated using luciferase reporter, mobility shift, and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed with wild-type and E4bp4-/- mice after intraperitoneal injection of CPT-11. E4bp4 ablation down-regulated an array of hepatic Ces genes in mice. E4bp4-/- mice also showed reduced Ces-mediated metabolism and elevated systemic exposure of CPT-11, a well-known Ces substrate. Consistently, E4bp4 knockdown reduced the expression of Ces genes (Ces2b, Ces2e and Ces2f) in Hepa-1c1c7 cells. Furthermore, Rev-erbα repressed the transcription of Ces2b, whereas E4bp4 antagonized this repressive action. Co-IP experiment confirmed a direct interaction between E4bp4 and Rev-erbα. Through a combination of promoter analysis and mobility shift assays, we demonstrated that Rev-erbα trans-repressed Ces (Ces2b) through its specific binding to the -767 to-754 bp promoter region. In conclusion, E4bp4 regulates Ces enzymes through inhibition of the transrepression activity of Rev-erbα, thereby impacting the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of Ces substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Zhao
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjun Yu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianxia Guo
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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The Interaction between Bmal1 and Per2 in Mouse BMSC Osteogenic Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:3407821. [PMID: 29765408 PMCID: PMC5896276 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3407821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a system that controls endogenous time of organisms, and it regulates the physiology and behavior of bodies. The transcription factors Brain and Muscle ARNT-like Protein 1 (BMAL1) and Period2 (Per2) are components of the circadian clock, and they play vital roles in circadian clock function. Both Bmal1−/− mice and Per2−/− mice display obvious bone volume changes. In this study, we inhibited the expression of Bmal1 in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) using a lentiviral vector harboring RNAi sequences, which increased the osteogenic differentiation capability of BMSCs. We also suppressed Per2 gene expression using an adenovirus vector harboring RNAi sequences, and similarly, the osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs was enhanced. Furthermore, when both Bmal1 and Per2 gene expression was suppressed in BMSCs by lentiviral and adenoviral interference, the osteogenic differentiation capability was stronger than that in BMSCs following single-gene inhibition. Our data support that both Bmal1 and Per2 play negative roles in BMSC osteogenic differentiation and that Bmal1 and Per2 have a synergistic effect on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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30
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Suzuki K, Yoshida K, Ueha T, Kaneshiro K, Nakai A, Hashimoto N, Uchida K, Hashimoto T, Kawasaki Y, Shibanuma N, Nakagawa N, Sakai Y, Hashiramoto A. Methotrexate upregulates circadian transcriptional factors PAR bZIP to induce apoptosis on rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:55. [PMID: 29566767 PMCID: PMC5863822 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effects of methotrexate (MTX) on the proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts are incompletely understood. We explored actions of MTX in view of circadian transcriptions of synovial fibroblasts. Methods Under treatment with MTX, expression of core circadian clock genes, circadian transcriptional factor proline and acidic amino acid-rich basic leucine zipper (PAR bZIP), and proapoptotic molecule Bcl-2 interacting killer (Bik) was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression of circadian clock gene PERIOD2 (PER2) and CYTOCHROME C was also examined by western blotting and ELISA. Promoter activities of Per2 and Bik were measured by Luciferase assay. Expression of PER2, BIK, and CYTOCHROME C and morphological changes of the nucleus were observed by fluorescent immunostaining. Synovial fibroblasts were transfected with Per2/Bik small interfering RNA, and successively treated with MTX to determine cell viabilities. Finally, synovial fibroblasts were treated with MTX according to the oscillation of Per2/Bik expression. Results MTX (10 nM) significantly decreased cell viabilities, but increased messenger RNA expression of Per2, Bik, and PAR ZIP including D site of the albumin promoter binding protein (Dbp), hepatic leukemia factor (Hlf), and thyrotroph embryonic factor (Tef). MTX also increased protein expression of PER2 and CYTOCHROME C, and promoter activities of Per2 and Bik via D-box. Under fluorescent observations, expression of PER2, BIK, and CYTOCHROME C was increased in apoptotic cells. Cytotoxicity of MTX was attenuated by silencing of Per2 and/or Bik, and revealed that MTX was significantly effective in situations where Per2/Bik expression was high. Conclusions We present here novel unique action of MTX on synovial fibroblasts that upregulates PAR bZIP to transcribe Per2 and Bik, resulting in apoptosis induction. MTX is important in modulating circadian environments to understand a new aspect of pathogenesis of RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1552-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohjin Suzuki
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Yoshida
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueha
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kenta Kaneshiro
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakai
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Naonori Hashimoto
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Koto Uchida
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Teppei Hashimoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, Kobe, 657-0068, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kawasaki
- Department of Rheumatology, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, Kobe, 657-0068, Japan
| | - Nao Shibanuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, Kobe, 657-0068, Japan
| | - Natsuko Nakagawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Kakogawa, 675-0003, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Akira Hashiramoto
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.
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31
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Chen BC, Shibu MA, Kuo CH, Shen CY, Chang-Lee SN, Lai CH, Chen RJ, Yao CH, Viswanadha VP, Liu JS, Chen WK, Huang CY. E4BP4 inhibits AngII-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts by activating the PI3K-Akt pathway and promoting calcium uptake. Exp Cell Res 2018; 363:227-234. [PMID: 29331388 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The bZIP transcription factor E4BP4 is a survival factor that is known to be elevated in diseased heart and promote cell survival. In this study the role of E4BP4 on angiotensin-II (AngII)-induced apoptosis has been examined in in vitro cell model. H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells that overexpressed E4BP4 were exposed to AngII to observe the cardio-protective effects of E4BP4 on hypertension related apoptosis. The results from TUNEL assays revealed that E4BP4 significantly attenuated AngII-induced apoptosis. Further analysis by Western blot and RT-PCR showed that E4BP4 inhibited AngII-induced IGF-II mRNA expression and cleavage of caspase-3 through the PI3K-Akt pathway. In addition, E4BP4 enhanced calcium reuptake into the sacroplasmic reticulum by down-regulating PP2A and by up-regulating the phosphorylation of PKA and PLB proteins. Our findings indicate that E4BP4 functions as a survival factor in cardiomyoblasts by inhibiting IGF-II transcription and by regulating calcium cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bih-Cheng Chen
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shu Nu Chang-Lee
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Force Taichung, General Hospital, Taichung 41152, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Yao
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Jian-Shen Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin County, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kung Chen
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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32
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Kostrzewski T, Borg AJ, Meng Y, Filipovic I, Male V, Wack A, DiMaggio PA, Brady HJM. Multiple Levels of Control Determine How E4bp4/Nfil3 Regulates NK Cell Development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:1370-1381. [PMID: 29311361 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor E4bp4/Nfil3 has been shown to have a critical role in the development of all innate lymphoid cell types including NK cells. In this study, we show that posttranslational modifications of E4bp4 by either SUMOylation or phosphorylation have profound effects on both E4bp4 function and NK cell development. We examined the activity of E4bp4 mutants lacking posttranslational modifications and found that Notch1 was a novel E4bp4 target gene. We observed that abrogation of Notch signaling impeded NK cell production and the total lack of NK cell development from E4bp4-/- progenitors was completely rescued by short exposure to Notch peptide ligands. This work reveals both novel mechanisms in NK cell development by a transcriptional network including E4bp4 with Notch, and that E4bp4 is a central hub to process extrinsic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kostrzewski
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron J Borg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Yiran Meng
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Iva Filipovic
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Male
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Wack
- Francis Crick Institute, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A DiMaggio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Hugh J M Brady
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom;
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33
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Gunawardhana KL, Hardin PE. VRILLE Controls PDF Neuropeptide Accumulation and Arborization Rhythms in Small Ventrolateral Neurons to Drive Rhythmic Behavior in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2017; 27:3442-3453.e4. [PMID: 29103936 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In Drosophila, the circadian clock is comprised of transcriptional feedback loops that control rhythmic gene expression responsible for daily rhythms in physiology, metabolism, and behavior. The core feedback loop, which employs CLOCK-CYCLE (CLK-CYC) activators and PERIOD-TIMELESS (PER-TIM) repressors to drive rhythmic transcription peaking at dusk, is required for circadian timekeeping and overt behavioral rhythms. CLK-CYC also activates an interlocked feedback loop, which uses the PAR DOMAIN PROTEIN 1ε (PDP1ε) activator and the VRILLE (VRI) repressor to drive rhythmic transcription peaking at dawn. Although Pdp1ε mutants disrupt activity rhythms without eliminating clock function, whether vri is required for clock function and/or output is not known. Using a conditionally inactivatable transgene to rescue vri developmental lethality, we show that clock function persists after vri inactivation but that activity rhythms are abolished. The inactivation of vri disrupts multiple output pathways thought to be important for activity rhythms, including PDF accumulation and arborization rhythms in the small ventrolateral neuron (sLNv) dorsal projection. These results demonstrate that vri acts as a key regulator of clock output and suggest that the primary function of the interlocked feedback loop in Drosophila is to drive rhythmic transcription required for overt rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushan L Gunawardhana
- Department of Biology and Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Paul E Hardin
- Department of Biology and Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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de Goede P, Sen S, Oosterman JE, Foppen E, Jansen R, la Fleur SE, Challet E, Kalsbeek A. Differential effects of diet composition and timing of feeding behavior on rat brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle peripheral clocks. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2017; 4:24-33. [PMID: 31236504 PMCID: PMC6584485 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of feeding behavior and diet composition, as well as their possible interactions, on daily (clock) gene expression rhythms have mainly been studied in the liver, and to a lesser degree in white adipose tissue (WAT), but hardly in other metabolic tissues such as skeletal muscle (SM) and brown adipose tissues (BAT). We therefore subjected male Wistar rats to a regular chow or free choice high-fat-high sugar (fcHFHS) diet in combination with time restricted feeding (TRF) to either the light or dark phase. In SM, all tested clock genes lost their rhythmic expression in the chow light fed group. In the fcHFHS light fed group rhythmic expression for some, but not all, clock genes was maintained, but shifted by several hours. In BAT the daily rhythmicity of clock genes was maintained for the light fed groups, but expression patterns were shifted as compared with ad libitum and dark fed groups, whilst the fcHFHS diet made the rhythmicity of clock genes become more pronounced. Most of the metabolic genes in BAT tissue tested did not show any rhythmic expression in either the chow or fcHFHS groups. In SM Pdk4 and Ucp3 were phase-shifted, but remained rhythmically expressed in the chow light fed groups. Rhythmic expression was lost for Ucp3 whilst on the fcHFHS diet during the light phase. In summary, both feeding at the wrong time of day and diet composition disturb the peripheral clocks in SM and BAT, but to different degrees and thereby result in a further desynchronization between metabolically active tissues such as SM, BAT, WAT and liver. Both timing of feeding and diet composition affect clock genes in BAT and SM. Light phase time-restricted feeding abolishes SM clock gene rhythms. A fcHSHS diet strengthens rhythmic expression of several clock genes in BAT and SM. Metabolic genes PDK4 and UCP1/3 are affected by both timing of feeding and diet. Light phase time-restricted feeding causes desynchronization of BAT and SM clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Goede
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Satish Sen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Regulation of Circadian Clocks team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Johanneke E Oosterman
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Metabolism and Reward, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remi Jansen
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Metabolism and Reward, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etienne Challet
- Regulation of Circadian Clocks team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Tomita T, Kurita R, Onishi Y. Epigenetic regulation of the circadian clock: role of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170053. [PMID: 28487473 PMCID: PMC5437938 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have been investigating transcriptional regulation of the BMAL1 gene, a critical component of the mammalian clock system including DNA methylation. Here, a more detailed analysis of the regulation of DNA methylation of BMAL1 proceeded in RPMI8402 lymphoma cells. We found that CpG islands in the BMAL1 and the PER2 promoters were hyper- and hypomethylated, respectively and that 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (aza-dC) not only enhanced PER2 gene expression but also PER2 oscillation within 24 h in RPMI8402 cells. That is, such hypermethylation of CpG islands in the BMAL1 promoter restricted PER2 expression which was recovered by aza-dC within 1 day in these cells. These results suggest that the circadian clock system can be recovered through BMAL1 expression induced by aza-dC within a day. The RPIB9 promoter of RPMI8402 cells, which is a methylation hotspot in lymphoblastic leukemia, was also hypermethylated and aza-dC gradually recovered RPIB9 expression in 3 days. In addition, methylation-specific PCR revealed a different degree of aza-dC-induced methylation release between BMAL1 and RPIB9 These results suggest that the aza-dC-induced recovery of gene expression from DNA methylation is dependent on a gene, for example the rapid response to demethylation by the circadian system, and thus, is of importance to clinical strategies for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunosuke Tomita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kurita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Onishi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
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Yin J, Zhang J, Lu Q. The role of basic leucine zipper transcription factor E4BP4 in the immune system and immune-mediated diseases. Clin Immunol 2017; 180:5-10. [PMID: 28365317 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Basic leucine zipper transcription factor E4BP4 (also known as NFIL3) has been implicated in the molecular and cellular mechanisms of functions and activities in mammals. The interactions between E4BP4 and major regulators of cellular processes have triggered significant interest in the roles of E4BP4 in the pathogenesis of certain chronic diseases. Indeed, novel discoveries have been emerging to illustrate the involvement of E4BP4 in multiple disorders. It is recognized that E4BP4 is extensively involved in some immune-mediated diseases, but the mechanisms of E4BP4 involvement in these complex diseases remain poorly defined. Here we review the regulatory mechanisms of E4BP4 engaging in not only the biological function but also the development of immune-mediated diseases, paving the way for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Yin
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, No. 139, Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, No. 139, Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, China.
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37
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Kiehn JT, Tsang AH, Heyde I, Leinweber B, Kolbe I, Leliavski A, Oster H. Circadian Rhythms in Adipose Tissue Physiology. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:383-427. [PMID: 28333377 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The different types of adipose tissues fulfill a wide range of biological functions-from energy storage to hormone secretion and thermogenesis-many of which show pronounced variations over the course of the day. Such 24-h rhythms in physiology and behavior are coordinated by endogenous circadian clocks found in all tissues and cells, including adipocytes. At the molecular level, these clocks are based on interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops comprised of a set of clock genes/proteins. Tissue-specific clock-controlled transcriptional programs translate time-of-day information into physiologically relevant signals. In adipose tissues, clock gene control has been documented for adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, lipid metabolism as well as endocrine function and other adipose oscillations are under control of systemic signals tied to endocrine, neuronal, or behavioral rhythms. Circadian rhythm disruption, for example, by night shift work or through genetic alterations, is associated with changes in adipocyte metabolism and hormone secretion. At the same time, adipose metabolic state feeds back to central and peripheral clocks, adjusting behavioral and physiological rhythms. In this overview article, we summarize our current knowledge about the crosstalk between circadian clocks and energy metabolism with a focus on adipose physiology. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:383-427, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana-Thabea Kiehn
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anthony H Tsang
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brinja Leinweber
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isa Kolbe
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexei Leliavski
- Institute of Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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38
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Prats C, Arias B, Ortet G, Ibáñez MI, Moya J, Pomarol-Clotet E, Fañanás L, Fatjó-Vilas M. Neurotrophins role in depressive symptoms and executive function performance: Association analysis of NRN1 gene and its interaction with BDNF gene in a non-clinical sample. J Affect Disord 2017; 211:92-98. [PMID: 28107668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuritin-1 is a neurotrophic factor involved in synaptic plasticity that has been associated with depressive disorders, schizophrenia and cognitive performance. The study of genotype-phenotype relationships in healthy individuals is a useful framework to investigate the etiology of brain dysfunctions. We therefore aimed to investigate in a non-clinical sample whether NRN1 gene contributes to the psychopathological profile, with a particular focus on the clinical dimensions previously related to the NRN1 gene (i.e. depressive and psychotic). Furthermore, we aimed to analyze: i) the role of NRN1 on executive functions, ii) whether the association between either NRN1-psychopathological profile or NRN1-cognitive performance is moderated by the BDNF gene. METHODS The sample comprised 410 non-clinical subjects who filled in the self-reported Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and were assessed for executive performance (Verbal Fluency, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Letter-Number subscale (WAIS-III)). Genotyping included nine SNPs in NRN1 and one in BDNF. RESULTS i) GG homozygotes (rs1475157-NRN1) showed higher scores on BSI depressive dimension and on total scores compared to A carriers (corrected p-values: 0.0004 and 0.0003, respectively). ii) a linear trend was detected between GG genotype of rs1475157 and a worse cognitive performance in WCST total correct responses (uncorrected p-value: 0.029). iii) Interaction between rs1475157-NRN1 and Val66Met-BDNF was found to modulate depressive symptoms (p=0.001, significant after correction). LIMITATIONS Moderate sample size; replication in a larger sample is needed. CONCLUSIONS NRN1 is associated with depressive symptoms and executive function in a non-clinical sample. Our results also suggest that the role of NRN1 seems to be modulated by BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Prats
- Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation; Av Jordà 8, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Arias
- Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation; Av Jordà 8, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Ortet
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - M I Ibáñez
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - J Moya
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Social Work, University of Lleida, Spain
| | - E Pomarol-Clotet
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Fañanás
- Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation; Av Jordà 8, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Fatjó-Vilas
- Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation; Av Jordà 8, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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Mendoza-Viveros L, Bouchard-Cannon P, Hegazi S, Cheng AH, Pastore S, Cheng HYM. Molecular modulators of the circadian clock: lessons from flies and mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1035-1059. [PMID: 27689221 PMCID: PMC11107503 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian timekeeping is a ubiquitous mechanism that enables organisms to maintain temporal coordination between internal biological processes and time of the local environment. The molecular basis of circadian rhythms lies in a set of transcription-translation feedback loops (TTFLs) that drives the rhythmic transcription of core clock genes, whose level and phase of expression serve as the marker of circadian time. However, it has become increasingly evident that additional regulatory mechanisms impinge upon the TTFLs to govern the properties and behavior of the circadian clock. Such mechanisms include changes in chromatin architecture, interactions with other transcription factor networks, post-transcriptional control by RNA modifications, alternative splicing and microRNAs, and post-translational regulation of subcellular trafficking and protein degradation. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of circadian clock regulation-from transcriptional to post-translational-drawing from literature pertaining to the Drosophila and murine circadian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mendoza-Viveros
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Pascale Bouchard-Cannon
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Sara Hegazi
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Arthur H Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Stephen Pastore
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada.
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Oster H, Challet E, Ott V, Arvat E, de Kloet ER, Dijk DJ, Lightman S, Vgontzas A, Van Cauter E. The Functional and Clinical Significance of the 24-Hour Rhythm of Circulating Glucocorticoids. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:3-45. [PMID: 27749086 PMCID: PMC5563520 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal glucocorticoids are major modulators of multiple functions, including energy metabolism, stress responses, immunity, and cognition. The endogenous secretion of glucocorticoids is normally characterized by a prominent and robust circadian (around 24 hours) oscillation, with a daily peak around the time of the habitual sleep-wake transition and minimal levels in the evening and early part of the night. It has long been recognized that this 24-hour rhythm partly reflects the activity of a master circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. In the past decade, secondary circadian clocks based on the same molecular machinery as the central master pacemaker were found in other brain areas as well as in most peripheral tissues, including the adrenal glands. Evidence is rapidly accumulating to indicate that misalignment between central and peripheral clocks has a host of adverse effects. The robust rhythm in circulating glucocorticoid levels has been recognized as a major internal synchronizer of the circadian system. The present review examines the scientific foundation of these novel advances and their implications for health and disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Oster
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Etienne Challet
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Volker Ott
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Emanuela Arvat
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - E Ronald de Kloet
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Alexandros Vgontzas
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Eve Van Cauter
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Lück S, Westermark PO. Circadian mRNA expression: insights from modeling and transcriptomics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:497-521. [PMID: 26496725 PMCID: PMC11108398 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks synchronize organisms to the 24 h rhythms of the environment. These clocks persist under constant conditions, have their origin at the cellular level, and produce an output of rhythmic mRNA expression affecting thousands of transcripts in many mammalian cell types. Here, we review the charting of circadian output rhythms in mRNA expression, focusing on mammals. We emphasize the challenges in statistics, interpretation, and quantitative descriptions that such investigations have faced and continue to face, and outline remaining outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lück
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pål O Westermark
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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Peschke E, Bähr I, Mühlbauer E. Experimental and clinical aspects of melatonin and clock genes in diabetes. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:1-23. [PMID: 25904189 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pineal hormone melatonin influences insulin secretion, as well as glucagon and somatostatin secretion, both in vivo and in vitro. These effects are mediated by two specific, high-affinity, seven transmembrane, pertussis toxin-sensitive, Gi-protein-coupled melatonin receptors, MT1 and MT2. Both isoforms are expressed in the β-cells, α-cells as well as δ-cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and are involved in the modulation of insulin secretion, leading to inhibition of the adenylate cyclase-dependent cyclic adenosine monophosphate as well as cyclic guanosine monophosphate formation in pancreatic β-cells by inhibiting the soluble guanylate cyclase, probably via MT2 receptors. In this way, melatonin also likely inhibits insulin secretion, whereas using the inositol triphosphate pathway after previous blocking of Gi-proteins by pertussis toxin, melatonin increases insulin secretion. Desynchrony of receptor signaling may lead to the development of type 2 diabetes. This notion has recently been supported by genomewide association studies pinpointing variances of the MT2 receptor as a risk factor for this rapidly spreading metabolic disturbance. As melatonin is secreted in a clearly diurnal fashion, it is safe to assume that it also has a diurnal impact on the blood-glucose-regulating function of the islet. Observations of the circadian expression of clock genes (Clock, Bmal1, Per1,2,3, and Cry1,2) in pancreatic islets, as well as in INS1 rat insulinoma cells, may indicate that circadian rhythms are generated in the β-cells themselves. The circadian secretion of insulin from pancreatic islets is clock-driven. Disruption of circadian rhythms and clock function leads to metabolic disturbances, for example, type 2 diabetes. The study of melatonin-insulin interactions in diabetic rat models has revealed an inverse relationship between these two hormones. Both type 2 diabetic rats and patients exhibit decreased melatonin levels and slightly increased insulin levels, whereas type 1 diabetic rats show extremely reduced levels or the absence of insulin, but statistically significant increases in melatonin levels. Briefly, an increase in melatonin levels leads to a decrease in stimulated insulin secretion and vice versa. Melatonin levels in blood plasma, as well as the activity of the key enzyme of melatonin synthesis, AA-NAT (arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase) in pineal, are lower in type 2 diabetic rats compared to controls. In contrast, melatonin and pineal AA-NAT mRNA are increased and insulin receptor mRNA is decreased in type 1 diabetic rats, which also indicates a close relationship between insulin and melatonin. As an explanation, it was hypothesized that catecholamines, which reduce insulin levels and stimulate melatonin synthesis, control insulin-melatonin interactions. This conviction stems from the observation that catecholamines are increased in type 1 but are diminished in type 2 diabetes. In this context, another important line of inquiry involves the fact that melatonin protects β-cells against functional overcharge and, consequently, hinders the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ina Bähr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Tanoue S, Fujimoto K, Myung J, Hatanaka F, Kato Y, Takumi T. DEC2-E4BP4 Heterodimer Represses the Transcriptional Enhancer Activity of the EE Element in the Per2 Promoter. Front Neurol 2015; 6:166. [PMID: 26257703 PMCID: PMC4512152 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian oscillation of clock gene expression in mammals is based on the interconnected transcriptional/translational feedback loops of Period (Per) and Bmal1. The Per feedback loop initiates transcription through direct binding of the BMAL1–CLOCK (NPAS2) heterodimer to the E-box of the Per2 promoter region. Negative feedback of PER protein on this promoter subsequently represses transcription. Other circadian transcription regulators, particularly E4BP4 and DEC2, regulate the amplitude and phase of Per2 expression rhythms. Moreover, a direct repeat of E-box-like (EE) elements in the Per2 promoter is required for its cell-autonomous circadian rhythm. However, the detailed mechanism for repression of the two core sequences of the EE element in the Per2 promoter region is unknown. Here, we show that E4BP4 binds to the Per2 EE element with DEC2 to repress transcription and identify the DEC2–E4BP4 heterodimer as a key repressor of the tightly interlocked Per2 feedback loop in the mammalian circadian oscillator. Our results suggest an additional modulatory mechanism for tuning of the phase of cell-autonomous Per2 gene expression cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Tanoue
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Jihwan Myung
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan ; RIKEN Brain Science Institute , Wako, Saitama , Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Hatanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan ; RIKEN Brain Science Institute , Wako, Saitama , Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Toru Takumi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan ; RIKEN Brain Science Institute , Wako, Saitama , Japan ; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency , Tokyo , Japan
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Sakata K, Kawasaki H, Suzuki T, Ito K, Negishi O, Tsuno T, Tsuno H, Yamazaki Y, Ishida N. Inositols affect the mating circadian rhythm of Drosophila melanogaster. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:111. [PMID: 26097456 PMCID: PMC4456571 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the molecular circadian clock underlies the mating behavior of Drosophila melanogaster. However, information about which food components affect circadian mating behavior is scant. The ice plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum has recently become a popular functional food. Here, we showed that the close-proximity (CP) rhythm of D. melanogaster courtship behavior was damped under low-nutrient conditions, but significantly enhanced by feeding the flies with powdered ice plant. Among various components of ice plants, we found that myo-inositol increased the amplitude and slightly shortened the period of the CP rhythm. Real-time reporter assays showed that myo-inositol and D-pinitol shortened the period of the circadian reporter gene Per2-luc in NIH 3T3 cells. These data suggest that the ice plant is a useful functional food and that the ability of inositols to shorten rhythms is a general phenomenon in insects as well as mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sakata
- Ishida Group of Clock Genes, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba, Japan ; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Kawasaki
- Ishida Group of Clock Genes, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Ishida Group of Clock Genes, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba, Japan ; SHIGRAY Inc. Sumida, Japan
| | - Kumpei Ito
- Ishida Group of Clock Genes, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba, Japan ; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Osamu Negishi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takuo Tsuno
- Tsuno Food Industrial Co. Ltd. Wakayama, Japan
| | | | | | - Norio Ishida
- Ishida Group of Clock Genes, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba, Japan ; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Japan
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Hirai T, Tanaka K, Togari A. β-adrenergic receptor signaling regulates Ptgs2 by driving circadian gene expression in osteoblasts. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3711-9. [PMID: 24994935 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.148148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system modulates bone remodeling and mediates the expression of core clock genes in part through the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) in osteoblasts. In this study, we show that in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells that isoproterenol (Iso), a non-selective β-AR agonist, upregulated the transcriptional factor Nfil3, and induced rhythmic mRNA expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2, also known as Cox2). The rhythmic effects of Iso on Ptgs2 expression were mediated by interplay between the Per2 and Bmal1 clock genes in osteoblasts. In addition, Ptgs2 was significantly decreased in bone after continuous Iso treatment. Overexpression of Nfil3 decreased Ptgs2 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Knockdown of Nfil3 upregulated the expression of Ptgs2 in MC3TC-E1 cells, indicating that Nfil3 negatively regulated Ptgs2 in osteoblasts. Furthermore, Iso acutely induced the expression Nfil3 and increased the binding of Nfil3 to the Ptgs2 promoter in MC3T3-E1 cells. These results suggest that Iso-mediated induction of Nfil3 in osteoblasts regulates the expression of Ptgs2 by driving the expression of circadian clock genes. These findings provide new evidence for a physiological role of circadian clockwork in bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Hirai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Akifumi Togari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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Alibhai FJ, Tsimakouridze EV, Chinnappareddy N, Wright DC, Billia F, O'Sullivan ML, Pyle WG, Sole MJ, Martino TA. Short-term disruption of diurnal rhythms after murine myocardial infarction adversely affects long-term myocardial structure and function. Circ Res 2014; 114:1713-22. [PMID: 24687134 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.302995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Patients in intensive care units are disconnected from their natural environment. Synchrony between environmental diurnal rhythms and intracellular circadian rhythms is essential for normal organ biology; disruption causes pathology. Whether disturbing rhythms after myocardial infarction (MI) exacerbates long-term myocardial dysfunction is not known. OBJECTIVE Short-term diurnal rhythm disruption immediately after MI impairs remodeling and adversely affects long-term cardiac structure and function in a murine model. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were infarcted by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (MI model) within a 3-hour time window, randomized to either a normal diurnal or disrupted environment for 5 days, and then maintained under normal diurnal conditions. Initial infarct size was identical. Short-term diurnal disruption adversely affected body metabolism and altered early innate immune responses. In the first 5 days, crucial for scar formation, there were significant differences in cardiac myeloperoxidase, cytokines, neutrophil, and macrophage infiltration. Homozygous clock mutant mice exhibited altered infiltration after MI, consistent with circadian mechanisms underlying innate immune responses crucial for scar formation. In the proliferative phase, 1 week after MI, this led to significantly less blood vessel formation in the infarct region of disrupted mice; by day 14, echocardiography showed increased left ventricular dilation and infarct expansion. These differences continued to evolve with worse cardiac structure and function by 8 weeks after MI. CONCLUSIONS Diurnal rhythm disruption immediately after MI impaired healing and exacerbated maladaptive cardiac remodeling. These preclinical findings suggest that disrupted diurnal rhythms such as found in modern intensive care unit environments may adversely affect long-term patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal J Alibhai
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.)
| | - Elena V Tsimakouridze
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.)
| | - Nirmala Chinnappareddy
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.)
| | - David C Wright
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.)
| | - Filio Billia
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.)
| | - M Lynne O'Sullivan
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.)
| | - W Glen Pyle
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.)
| | - Michael J Sole
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.)
| | - Tami A Martino
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.J.A., E.V.T., N.C., W.G.P., T.A.M.), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences (D.C.W.), and Department of Clinical Studies (M.L.O.), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.B., M.J.S.).
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Male V, Nisoli I, Kostrzewski T, Allan DSJ, Carlyle JR, Lord GM, Wack A, Brady HJM. The transcription factor E4bp4/Nfil3 controls commitment to the NK lineage and directly regulates Eomes and Id2 expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:635-42. [PMID: 24663216 PMCID: PMC3978281 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20132398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
E4bp4 is required for commitment to the NK lineage and promotes NK development by directly regulating the expression of Eomes and Id2. The transcription factor E4bp4 (Nfil3) is essential for natural killer (NK) cell production. Here, we show that E4bp4 is required at the NK lineage commitment point when NK progenitors develop from common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) and that E4bp4 must be expressed at the CLP stage for differentiation toward the NK lineage to occur. To elucidate the mechanism by which E4bp4 promotes NK development, we identified a central core of transcription factors that can rescue NK production from E4bp4−/− progenitors, suggesting that they act downstream of E4bp4. Among these were Eomes and Id2, which are expressed later in development than E4bp4. E4bp4 binds directly to the regulatory regions of both Eomes and Id2, promoting their transcription. We propose that E4bp4 is required for commitment to the NK lineage and promotes NK development by directly regulating the expression of the downstream transcription factors Eomes and Id2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Male
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, England, UK
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Mori K, Iijima N, Higo S, Aikawa S, Matsuo I, Takumi K, Sakamoto A, Ozawa H. Epigenetic suppression of mouse Per2 expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus by the inhalational anesthetic, sevoflurane. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87319. [PMID: 24498074 PMCID: PMC3909093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that sevoflurane anesthesia reversibly suppresses the expression of the clock gene, Period2 (Per2), in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this suppression remain unclear. In this study, we examined the possibility that sevoflurane suppresses Per2 expression via epigenetic modification of the Per2 promoter. METHODS Mice were anesthetized with a gas mixture of 2.5% sevoflurane/40% oxygen at a 6 L/min flow for 1 or 4 h. After termination, brains were removed and samples of SCN tissue were derived from frozen brain sections. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays using anti-acetylated-histone antibodies were performed to investigate the effects of sevoflurane on histone acetylation of the Per2 promoter. Interaction between the E'-box (a cis-element in the Per2 promoter) and CLOCK (the Clock gene product) was also assessed by a ChIP assay using an anti-CLOCK antibody. The SCN concentration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)), a CLOCK regulator, was assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Acetylation of histone H4 in the proximal region of the Per2 promoter was significantly reduced by sevoflurane. This change in the epigenetic profile of the Per2 gene was observed prior to suppression of Per2 expression. Simultaneously, a reduction in the CLOCK-E'-box interaction in the Per2 promoter was observed. Sevoflurane treatment did not affect the concentration of NAD(+) in the SCN. CONCLUSIONS Independent of NAD(+) concentration in the SCN, sevoflurane decreases CLOCK binding to the Per2 promoter E'-box motif, reducing histone acetylation and leading to suppression of Per2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Mori
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Iijima
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shimpei Higo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Aikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Matsuo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Takumi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ozawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Ben-Moshe Z, Alon S, Mracek P, Faigenbloom L, Tovin A, Vatine GD, Eisenberg E, Foulkes NS, Gothilf Y. The light-induced transcriptome of the zebrafish pineal gland reveals complex regulation of the circadian clockwork by light. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:3750-67. [PMID: 24423866 PMCID: PMC3973289 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Light constitutes a primary signal whereby endogenous circadian clocks are synchronized ('entrained') with the day/night cycle. The molecular mechanisms underlying this vital process are known to require gene activation, yet are incompletely understood. Here, the light-induced transcriptome in the zebrafish central clock organ, the pineal gland, was characterized by messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing (mRNA-seq) and microarray analyses, resulting in the identification of multiple light-induced mRNAs. Interestingly, a considerable portion of the molecular clock (14 genes) is light-induced in the pineal gland. Four of these genes, encoding the transcription factors dec1, reverbb1, e4bp4-5 and e4bp4-6, differentially affected clock- and light-regulated promoter activation, suggesting that light-input is conveyed to the core clock machinery via diverse mechanisms. Moreover, we show that dec1, as well as the core clock gene per2, is essential for light-entrainment of rhythmic locomotor activity in zebrafish larvae. Additionally, we used microRNA (miRNA) sequencing (miR-seq) and identified pineal-enhanced and light-induced miRNAs. One such miRNA, miR-183, is shown to downregulate e4bp4-6 mRNA through a 3'UTR target site, and importantly, to regulate the rhythmic mRNA levels of aanat2, the key enzyme in melatonin synthesis. Together, this genome-wide approach and functional characterization of light-induced factors indicate a multi-level regulation of the circadian clockwork by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Ben-Moshe
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany and Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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Polidarová L, Sládek M, Nováková M, Parkanová D, Sumová A. Increased sensitivity of the circadian system to temporal changes in the feeding regime of spontaneously hypertensive rats - a potential role for Bmal2 in the liver. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75690. [PMID: 24086613 PMCID: PMC3783415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian timekeeping system generates circadian oscillations that rhythmically drive various functions in the body, including metabolic processes. In the liver, circadian clocks may respond both to actual feeding conditions and to the metabolic state. The temporal restriction of food availability to improper times of day (restricted feeding, RF) leads to the development of food anticipatory activity (FAA) and resets the hepatic clock accordingly. The aim of this study was to assess this response in a rat strain exhibiting complex pathophysiological symptoms involving spontaneous hypertension, an abnormal metabolic state and changes in the circadian system, i.e., in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The results revealed that SHR were more sensitive to RF compared with control rats, developing earlier and more pronounced FAA. Whereas in control rats, the RF only redistributed the activity profiles into two bouts (one corresponding to FAA and the other corresponding to the dark phase), in SHR the RF completely phase-advanced the locomotor activity according to the time of food presentation. The higher behavioral sensitivity to RF was correlated with larger phase advances of the hepatic clock in response to RF in SHR. Moreover, in contrast to the controls, RF did not suppress the amplitude of the hepatic clock oscillation in SHR. In the colon, no significant differences in response to RF between the two rat strains were detected. The results suggested the possible involvement of the Bmal2 gene in the higher sensitivity of the hepatic clock to RF in SHR because, in contrast to the Wistar rats, the rhythm of Bmal2 expression was advanced similarly to that of Bmal1 under RF. Altogether, the data demonstrate a higher behavioral and circadian responsiveness to RF in the rat strain with a cardiovascular and metabolic pathology and suggest a likely functional role for the Bmal2 gene within the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Polidarová
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology, v.v.i., Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sládek
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology, v.v.i., Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Nováková
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology, v.v.i., Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Parkanová
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology, v.v.i., Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Sumová
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology, v.v.i., Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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