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Barrett AK, Shingare MR, Rechtsteiner A, Rodriguez KM, Le QN, Wijeratne TU, Mitchell CE, Membreno MW, Rubin SM, Müller GA. HDAC activity is dispensable for repression of cell-cycle genes by DREAM and E2F:RB complexes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4450. [PMID: 38789411 PMCID: PMC11126580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a crucial role in transcriptional regulation and are implicated in various diseases, including cancer. They are involved in histone tail deacetylation and canonically linked to transcriptional repression. Previous studies suggested that HDAC recruitment to cell-cycle gene promoters via the retinoblastoma (RB) protein or the DREAM complex through SIN3B is essential for G1/S and G2/M gene repression during cell-cycle arrest and exit. Here we investigate the interplay among DREAM, RB, SIN3 proteins, and HDACs in the context of cell-cycle gene repression. Knockout of SIN3B does not globally derepress cell-cycle genes in non-proliferating HCT116 and C2C12 cells. Loss of SIN3A/B moderately upregulates several cell-cycle genes in HCT116 cells but does so independently of DREAM/RB. HDAC inhibition does not induce general upregulation of RB/DREAM target genes in arrested transformed or non-transformed cells. Our findings suggest that E2F:RB and DREAM complexes can repress cell-cycle genes without relying on HDAC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Barrett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Manisha R Shingare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Rechtsteiner
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Kelsie M Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Quynh N Le
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Tilini U Wijeratne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Corbin E Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Miles W Membreno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Seth M Rubin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - Gerd A Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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2
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Barrett A, Shingare MR, Rechtsteiner A, Wijeratne TU, Rodriguez KM, Rubin SM, Müller GA. HDAC activity is dispensable for repression of cell-cycle genes by DREAM and E2F:RB complexes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.28.564489. [PMID: 37961464 PMCID: PMC10634886 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.28.564489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are pivotal in transcriptional regulation, and their dysregulation has been associated with various diseases including cancer. One of the critical roles of HDAC-containing complexes is the deacetylation of histone tails, which is canonically linked to transcriptional repression. Previous research has indicated that HDACs are recruited to cell-cycle gene promoters through the RB protein or the DREAM complex via SIN3B and that HDAC activity is essential for repressing G1/S and G2/M cell-cycle genes during cell-cycle arrest and exit. In this study, we sought to explore the interdependence of DREAM, RB, SIN3 proteins, and HDACs in the context of cell-cycle gene repression. We found that genetic knockout of SIN3B did not lead to derepression of cell-cycle genes in non-proliferating HCT116 and C2C12 cells. A combined loss of SIN3A and SIN3B resulted in a moderate upregulation in mRNA expression of several cell-cycle genes in arrested HCT116 cells, however, these effects appeared to be independent of DREAM or RB. Furthermore, HDAC inhibition did not induce a general upregulation of RB and DREAM target gene expression in arrested transformed or non-transformed cells. Our findings provide evidence that E2F:RB and DREAM complexes can repress cell-cycle genes without reliance on HDAC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Barrett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Current Affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Manisha R. Shingare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Andreas Rechtsteiner
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Tilini U. Wijeratne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Current Affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kelsie M. Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Seth M. Rubin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Gerd A. Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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3
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Liang H, Li J, Zhang K. Pathogenic role of S100 proteins in psoriasis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191645. [PMID: 37346040 PMCID: PMC10279876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The histopathological features of psoriasis include excessive proliferation of keratinocytes and infiltration of immune cells. The S100 proteins are a group of EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins, including S100A2, -A7, -A8/A9, -A12, -A15, which expression levels are markedly upregulated in psoriatic skin. These proteins exert numerous functions such as serving as intracellular Ca2+ sensors, transduction of Ca2+ signaling, response to extracellular stimuli, energy metabolism, and regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Evidence shows a crucial role of S100 proteins in the development and progress of inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis. S100 proteins can possibly be used as potential therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarkers. This review focuses on the pathogenic role of S100 proteins in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Liang
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junqin Li
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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4
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Wang X, Hallen NR, Lee M, Samuchiwal S, Ye Q, Buchheit KM, Maxfield AZ, Roditi RE, Bergmark RW, Bhattacharyya N, Ryan T, Gakpo D, Raychaudhuri S, Dwyer D, Laidlaw TM, Boyce JA, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Barrett NA. Type 2 inflammation drives an airway basal stem cell program through insulin receptor substrate signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1536-1549. [PMID: 36804595 PMCID: PMC10784786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is a type 2 (T2) inflammatory disease associated with an increased number of airway basal cells (BCs). Recent studies have identified transcriptionally distinct BCs, but the molecular pathways that support or inhibit human BC proliferation and differentiation are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of T2 cytokines in regulating airway BCs. METHODS Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing of sinus and lung airway epithelial cells was analyzed. Human sinus BCs were stimulated with IL-4 and IL-13 in the presence and absence of inhibitors of IL-4R signaling. Confocal analysis of human sinus tissue and murine airway was performed. Murine BC subsets were sorted for RNA sequencing and functional assays. Fate labeling was performed in a murine model of tracheal injury and regeneration. RESULTS Two subsets of BCs were found in human and murine respiratory mucosa distinguished by the expression of basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM). BCAM expression identifies airway stem cells among P63+KRT5+NGFR+ BCs. In the sinonasal mucosa, BCAMhi BCs expressing TSLP, IL33, CCL26, and the canonical BC transcription factor TP63 are increased in patients with CRSwNP. In cultured BCs, IL-4/IL-13 increases the expression of BCAM and TP63 through an insulin receptor substrate-dependent signaling pathway that is increased in CRSwNP. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish BCAM as a marker of airway stem cells among the BC pool and demonstrate that airway epithelial remodeling in T2 inflammation extends beyond goblet cell metaplasia to the support of a BC stem state poised to perpetuate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Nils R Hallen
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Minkyu Lee
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Sachin Samuchiwal
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Qihua Ye
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Kathleen M Buchheit
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Alice Z Maxfield
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Rachel E Roditi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Regan W Bergmark
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Neil Bhattacharyya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Mass
| | - Tessa Ryan
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Deb Gakpo
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Divisions of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Dwyer
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tanya M Laidlaw
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Nora A Barrett
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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5
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Influence of S100A2 in Human Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071756. [PMID: 35885660 PMCID: PMC9316160 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
S100 proteins are a family of low-molecular-weight proteins characterized by two calcium-binding sites with a helix-loop-helix (“EF-hand-type”) domain. The S100 family of proteins is distributed across various organs and can interact with diverse molecules. Among the proteins of the S100 family, S100 calcium-binding protein A2 (S100A2) has been identified in mammary epithelial cells, glands, lungs, kidneys, and prostate gland, exhibiting various physiological and pathological actions in human disorders, such as inflammatory diseases and malignant tumors. In this review, we introduce basic knowledge regarding S100A2 regulatory mechanisms. Although S100A2 is a tumor suppressor, we describe the various influences of S100A2 on cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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6
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Han F, Zhang L, Liao S, Zhang Y, Qian L, Hou F, Gong J, Lai M, Zhang H. The interaction between S100A2 and KPNA2 mediates NFYA nuclear import and is a novel therapeutic target for colorectal cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2022; 41:657-670. [PMID: 34802034 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins is disrupted and dysregulated in cancer cells. Nuclear pore complexes and cargo proteins are two main transportation regulators. However, the mechanism regulating nucleocytoplasmic transport in cancer remains elusive. Here, we identified a S100A2/KPNA2 cotransport complex that transports the tumor-associated transcription factor NFYA in colorectal cancer (CRC). Through the S100A2/KNPA2 complex, depending on its interaction with S100A2, NFYA is transported to the nucleus and inhibits the transcriptional activity of E-cadherin, which in turn promotes CRC metastasis. Targeting the S100A2/KPNA2 binding sites with the specific inhibitor delanzomib is a potential therapeutic approach for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Han
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shaoxia Liao
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lili Qian
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feijun Hou
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwen Gong
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maode Lai
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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7
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Riege K, Kretzmer H, Sahm A, McDade SS, Hoffmann S, Fischer M. Dissecting the DNA binding landscape and gene regulatory network of p63 and p53. eLife 2020; 9:e63266. [PMID: 33263276 PMCID: PMC7735755 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 is the best-known tumor suppressor, but its sibling p63 is a master regulator of epidermis development and a key oncogenic driver in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Despite multiple gene expression studies becoming available, the limited overlap of reported p63-dependent genes has made it difficult to decipher the p63 gene regulatory network. Particularly, analyses of p63 response elements differed substantially among the studies. To address this intricate data situation, we provide an integrated resource that enables assessing the p63-dependent regulation of any human gene of interest. We use a novel iterative de novo motif search approach in conjunction with extensive ChIP-seq data to achieve a precise global distinction between p53-and p63-binding sites, recognition motifs, and potential co-factors. We integrate these data with enhancer:gene associations to predict p63 target genes and identify those that are commonly de-regulated in SCC representing candidates for prognosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Riege
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
| | - Helene Kretzmer
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular GeneticsBerlinGermany
| | - Arne Sahm
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
| | - Simon S McDade
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
| | - Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
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8
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Friedrich M, Wiedemann K, Reiche K, Puppel SH, Pfeifer G, Zipfel I, Binder S, Köhl U, Müller GA, Engeland K, Aigner A, Füssel S, Fröhner M, Peitzsch C, Dubrovska A, Rade M, Christ S, Schreiber S, Hackermüller J, Lehmann J, Toma MI, Muders MH, Sommer U, Baretton GB, Wirth M, Horn F. The Role of lncRNAs TAPIR-1 and -2 as Diagnostic Markers and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1122. [PMID: 32365858 PMCID: PMC7280983 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In search of new biomarkers suitable for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, genome-wide transcriptome sequencing was carried out with tissue specimens from 40 prostate cancer (PCa) and 8 benign prostate hyperplasia patients. We identified two intergenic long non-coding transcripts, located in close genomic proximity, which are highly expressed in PCa. Microarray studies on a larger cohort comprising 155 patients showed a profound diagnostic potential of these transcripts (AUC~0.94), which we designated as tumor associated prostate cancer increased lncRNA (TAPIR-1 and -2). To test their therapeutic potential, knockdown experiments with siRNA were carried out. The knockdown caused an increase in the p53/TP53 tumor suppressor protein level followed by downregulation of a large number of cell cycle- and DNA-damage repair key regulators. Furthermore, in radiation therapy resistant tumor cells, the knockdown leads to a renewed sensitization of these cells to radiation treatment. Accordingly, in a preclinical PCa xenograft model in mice, the systemic application of nanoparticles loaded with siRNA targeting TAPIR-1 significantly reduced tumor growth. These findings point to a crucial role of TAPIR-1 and -2 in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.W.); (K.R.); (G.P.); (I.Z.); (S.B.); (U.K.); (F.H.)
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, RIBOLUTION Biomarker Center Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-H.P.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Karolin Wiedemann
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.W.); (K.R.); (G.P.); (I.Z.); (S.B.); (U.K.); (F.H.)
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, RIBOLUTION Biomarker Center Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-H.P.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Kristin Reiche
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.W.); (K.R.); (G.P.); (I.Z.); (S.B.); (U.K.); (F.H.)
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, RIBOLUTION Biomarker Center Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-H.P.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Sven-Holger Puppel
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, RIBOLUTION Biomarker Center Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-H.P.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Gabriele Pfeifer
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.W.); (K.R.); (G.P.); (I.Z.); (S.B.); (U.K.); (F.H.)
| | - Ivonne Zipfel
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.W.); (K.R.); (G.P.); (I.Z.); (S.B.); (U.K.); (F.H.)
| | - Stefanie Binder
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.W.); (K.R.); (G.P.); (I.Z.); (S.B.); (U.K.); (F.H.)
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.W.); (K.R.); (G.P.); (I.Z.); (S.B.); (U.K.); (F.H.)
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, RIBOLUTION Biomarker Center Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-H.P.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Gerd A. Müller
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (G.A.M.); (K.E.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kurt Engeland
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (G.A.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Achim Aigner
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16–18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Susanne Füssel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.F.); (M.F.); (M.W.)
| | - Michael Fröhner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.F.); (M.F.); (M.W.)
- Zeisigwaldklinik BETHANIEN, Zeisigwaldstraße 101, D-09130 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, D-01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, D-01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Rade
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, RIBOLUTION Biomarker Center Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-H.P.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Sabina Christ
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, RIBOLUTION Biomarker Center Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-H.P.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Stephan Schreiber
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Young Investigators Group Bioinformatics & Transcriptomics, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Jörg Hackermüller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Young Investigators Group Bioinformatics & Transcriptomics, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, GLP Test Facility, Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Marieta I. Toma
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.I.T.); (M.H.M.); (U.S.); (G.B.B.)
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael H. Muders
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.I.T.); (M.H.M.); (U.S.); (G.B.B.)
- Rudolf-Becker-Laboratory for Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sommer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.I.T.); (M.H.M.); (U.S.); (G.B.B.)
| | - Gustavo B. Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.I.T.); (M.H.M.); (U.S.); (G.B.B.)
| | - Manfred Wirth
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.F.); (M.F.); (M.W.)
| | - Friedemann Horn
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.W.); (K.R.); (G.P.); (I.Z.); (S.B.); (U.K.); (F.H.)
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, RIBOLUTION Biomarker Center Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-H.P.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
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9
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Uxa S, Bernhart SH, Mages CFS, Fischer M, Kohler R, Hoffmann S, Stadler PF, Engeland K, Müller GA. DREAM and RB cooperate to induce gene repression and cell-cycle arrest in response to p53 activation. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:9087-9103. [PMID: 31400114 PMCID: PMC6753476 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most human cancers acquire mutations causing defects in the p53 signaling pathway. The tumor suppressor p53 becomes activated in response to genotoxic stress and is essential for arresting the cell cycle to facilitate DNA repair or to initiate apoptosis. p53-induced cell cycle-arrest is mediated by expression of the CDK inhibitor p21WAF1/Cip1, which prevents phosphorylation and inactivation of the pocket proteins RB, p130, and p107. In a hypophosphorylated state, pocket proteins bind to E2F factors forming RB-E2F and DREAM transcriptional repressor complexes. Here, we analyze the influence of RB and DREAM on p53-induced gene repression and cell-cycle arrest. We show that abrogation of DREAM function by knockout of the DREAM component LIN37 results in a reduced repression of cell-cycle genes. We identify the genes repressed by the p53-DREAM pathway and describe a set of genes that is downregulated by p53 independent of LIN37/DREAM. Most strikingly, p53-dependent repression of cell-cycle genes is completely abrogated in LIN37-/-;RB-/- cells leading to a loss of the G1/S checkpoint. Taken together, we show that DREAM and RB are key factors in the p53 signaling pathway to downregulate a large number of cell-cycle genes and to arrest the cell cycle at the G1/S transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Uxa
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Gynaecology, Medical School, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan H Bernhart
- Transcriptome Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina F S Mages
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Gynaecology, Medical School, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Robin Kohler
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Gynaecology, Medical School, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Transcriptome Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases; and Competence Center for Scalable Data Services and Solutions Dresden/Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Wien, Austria.,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad National de Colombia, Sede Bogota, Colombia.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Kurt Engeland
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Gynaecology, Medical School, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerd A Müller
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Gynaecology, Medical School, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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10
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Pan SC, Li CY, Kuo CY, Kuo YZ, Fang WY, Huang YH, Hsieh TC, Kao HY, Kuo Y, Kang YR, Tsai WC, Tsai ST, Wu LW. The p53-S100A2 Positive Feedback Loop Negatively Regulates Epithelialization in Cutaneous Wound Healing. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5458. [PMID: 29615682 PMCID: PMC5882638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The S100A2 protein is an important regulator of keratinocyte differentiation, but its role in wound healing remains unknown. We establish epithelial-specific S100A2 transgenic (TG) mice and study its role in wound repair using punch biopsy wounding assays. In line with the observed increase in proliferation and migration of S100A2-depleted human keratinocytes, mice expressing human S100A2 exhibit delayed cutaneous wound repair. This was accompanied by the reduction of re-epithelialization as well as a slow, attenuated response of Mcp1, Il6, Il1β, Cox2, and Tnf mRNA expression in the early phase. We also observed delayed Vegfa mRNA induction, a delayed enhancement of the Tgfβ1-mediated alpha smooth muscle actin (α-Sma) axis and a differential expression of collagen type 1 and 3. The stress-activated p53 tumor suppressor protein plays an important role in cutaneous wound healing and is an S100A2 inducer. Notably, S100A2 complexes with p53, potentiates p53-mediated transcription and increases p53 expression both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally. Consistent with a role of p53 in repressing NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activation, S100A2 enhanced p53-mediated promoter suppression of Cox2, an early inducible NF-κB target gene upon wound injury. Our study thus supports a model in which the p53-S100A2 positive feedback loop regulates wound repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Chen Pan
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Che-Yu Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Yi Kuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zih Kuo
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yu Fang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hsuan Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Chin Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Kuo
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Rong Kang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wan-Chi Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Science and Technology, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sen-Tien Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Li-Wha Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Laboratory Science and Technology, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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11
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Prognostic Roles of mRNA Expression of S100 in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9815806. [PMID: 29607329 PMCID: PMC5828052 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9815806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The S100 protein family is involved in cancer cell invasion and metastasis, but its prognostic value in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been elucidated. In the present study we investigated the prognostic role of mRNA expression of each individual S100 in NSCLC patients through the Kaplan-Meier plotter (KM plotter) database. Expression of 14 members of the S100 family correlated with overall survival (OS) for all NSCLC patients; 18 members were associated with OS in adenocarcinoma, but none were associated with OS in squamous cell carcinoma. In particular, high mRNA expression level of S100B was associated with better OS in NSCLC patients. The prognostic value of S100 according to smoking status, pathological grades, clinical stages, and chemotherapeutic treatment of NSCLC was further assessed. Although the results should be further verified in clinical trials our findings provide new insights into the prognostic roles of S100 proteins in NSCLC and might promote development of S100-targeted inhibitors for the treatment of NSCLC.
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12
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Mages CF, Wintsche A, Bernhart SH, Müller GA. The DREAM complex through its subunit Lin37 cooperates with Rb to initiate quiescence. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28920576 PMCID: PMC5602299 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma Rb protein is an important factor controlling the cell cycle. Yet, mammalian cells carrying Rb deletions are still able to arrest under growth-limiting conditions. The Rb-related proteins p107 and p130, which are components of the DREAM complex, had been suggested to be responsible for a continued ability to arrest by inhibiting E2f activity and by recruiting chromatin-modifying enzymes. Here, we show that p130 and p107 are not sufficient for DREAM-dependent repression. We identify the MuvB protein Lin37 as an essential factor for DREAM function. Cells not expressing Lin37 proliferate normally, but DREAM completely loses its ability to repress genes in G0/G1 while all remaining subunits, including p130/p107, still bind to target gene promoters. Furthermore, cells lacking both Rb and Lin37 are incapable of exiting the cell cycle. Thus, Lin37 is an essential component of DREAM that cooperates with Rb to induce quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Fs Mages
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Wintsche
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Computational EvoDevo Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan H Bernhart
- Transcriptome Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerd A Müller
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Fischer M, Uxa S, Stanko C, Magin TM, Engeland K. Human papilloma virus E7 oncoprotein abrogates the p53-p21-DREAM pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2603. [PMID: 28572607 PMCID: PMC5453983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High risk human papilloma viruses cause several types of cancer. The HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 are essential for oncogenic cell transformation. E6 mediates the degradation of the tumor suppressor p53, and E7 can form complexes with the retinoblastoma pRB tumor suppressor. Recently, it has been shown that HPV E7 can also interfere with the function of the DREAM transcriptional repressor complex. Disruption of DREAM-dependent transcriptional repression leads to untimely early expression of central cell cycle regulators. The p53-p21-DREAM pathway represents one important means of cell cycle checkpoint activation by p53. By activating this pathway, p53 can downregulate transcription of genes controlled by DREAM. Here, we present a genome-wide ranked list of genes deregulated by HPV E7 expression and relate it to datasets of cell cycle genes and DREAM targets. We find that DREAM targets are generally deregulated after E7 expression. Furthermore, our analysis shows that p53-dependent downregulation of DREAM targets is abrogated when HPV E7 is expressed. Thus, p53 checkpoint control is impaired by HPV E7 independently of E6. In summary, our analysis reveals that disruption of DREAM through the HPV E7 oncoprotein upregulates most, if not all, cell cycle genes and impairs p53's control of cell cycle checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sigrid Uxa
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Clara Stanko
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kurt Engeland
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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14
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Timing of transcription during the cell cycle: Protein complexes binding to E2F, E2F/CLE, CDE/CHR, or CHR promoter elements define early and late cell cycle gene expression. Oncotarget 2016; 8:97736-97748. [PMID: 29228647 PMCID: PMC5716687 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A central question in cell cycle control is how differential gene expression is regulated. Timing of expression is important for correct progression through the cell cycle. E2F, CDE, and CHR promoter sites have been linked to transcriptional repression in resting cells and activation during the cell cycle. Further, the DREAM complex binds CHR or CDE/CHR elements of G2/M genes resulting in repression during G0/G1. Here, we show that DREAM also binds to E2F sites of S phase genes in quiescence and upon p53 activation. Furthermore, we describe a novel class of promoter sites, the CHR-like elements (CLE), which can support binding of DREAM to E2F elements. Activation of such S phase genes is achieved through binding of E2F1-3/DP complexes to E2F sites. In contrast, the activating MuvB complexes MMB and FOXM1-MuvB bind to CHR elements and mediate peak expression in G2/M. In conclusion, data presented here in combination with earlier results leads us to propose a model that explains how DREAM can repress early cell cycle genes through E2F or E2F/CLE sites and late genes through CHR or CDE/CHR elements. Also p53-dependent indirect transcriptional repression through the p53-p21-Cyclin/CDK-DREAM-E2F/CLE/CDE/CHR pathway requires DREAM binding to E2F or E2F/CLE sites in early cell cycle genes and binding of DREAM to CHR or CDE/CHR elements of late cell cycle genes. Specific timing of activation is achieved through binding of E2F1-3/DP to E2F sites and MMB or FOXM1-MuvB complexes to CHR elements.
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15
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Müller GA, Wintsche A, Stangner K, Prohaska SJ, Stadler PF, Engeland K. The CHR site: definition and genome-wide identification of a cell cycle transcriptional element. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:10331-50. [PMID: 25106871 PMCID: PMC4176359 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle genes homology region (CHR) has been identified as a DNA element with an important role in transcriptional regulation of late cell cycle genes. It has been shown that such genes are controlled by DREAM, MMB and FOXM1-MuvB and that these protein complexes can contact DNA via CHR sites. However, it has not been elucidated which sequence variations of the canonical CHR are functional and how frequent CHR-based regulation is utilized in mammalian genomes. Here, we define the spectrum of functional CHR elements. As the basis for a computational meta-analysis, we identify new CHR sequences and compile phylogenetic motif conservation as well as genome-wide protein-DNA binding and gene expression data. We identify CHR elements in most late cell cycle genes binding DREAM, MMB, or FOXM1-MuvB. In contrast, Myb- and forkhead-binding sites are underrepresented in both early and late cell cycle genes. Our findings support a general mechanism: sequential binding of DREAM, MMB and FOXM1-MuvB complexes to late cell cycle genes requires CHR elements. Taken together, we define the group of CHR-regulated genes in mammalian genomes and provide evidence that the CHR is the central promoter element in transcriptional regulation of late cell cycle genes by DREAM, MMB and FOXM1-MuvB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd A Müller
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Wintsche
- Computational EvoDevo Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konstanze Stangner
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sonja J Prohaska
- Computational EvoDevo Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Inselstraße 22, 04103 Leipzig, Germany Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Basic Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C Denmark Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Kurt Engeland
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Buckley NE, D'Costa Z, Kaminska M, Mullan PB. S100A2 is a BRCA1/p63 coregulated tumour suppressor gene with roles in the regulation of mutant p53 stability. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1070. [PMID: 24556685 PMCID: PMC3944248 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show for the first time that the familial breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA1, along with interacting ΔNp63 proteins, transcriptionally upregulate the putative tumour suppressor protein, S100A2. Both BRCA1 and ΔNp63 proteins are required for S100A2 expression. BRCA1 requires ΔNp63 proteins for recruitment to the S100A2 proximal promoter region, while exogenous expression of individual ΔNp63 proteins cannot activate S100A2 transcription in the absence of a functional BRCA1. Consequently, mutation of the ΔNp63/p53 response element within the S100A2 promoter completely abrogates the ability of BRCA1 to upregulate S100A2. S100A2 shows growth control features in a range of cell models. Transient or stable exogenous S100A2 expression inhibits the growth of BRCA1 mutant and basal-like breast cancer cell lines, while short interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of S100A2 in non-tumorigenic cells results in enhanced proliferation. S100A2 modulates binding of mutant p53 to HSP90, which is required for efficient folding of mutant p53 proteins, by competing for binding to HSP70/HSP90 organising protein (HOP). HOP is a cochaperone that is required for the efficient transfer of proteins from HSP70 to HSP90. Loss of S100A2 leads to an HSP90-dependent stabilisation of mutant p53 with a concomitant loss of p63. Accordingly, S100A2-deficient cells are more sensitive to the HSP-90 inhibitor, 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, potentially representing a novel therapeutic strategy for S100A2- and BRCA1-deficient cancers. Taken together, these data demonstrate the importance of S100A2 downstream of the BRCA1/ΔNp63 signalling axis in modulating transcriptional responses and enforcing growth control mechanisms through destabilisation of mutant p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Buckley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Z D'Costa
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - M Kaminska
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - P B Mullan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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17
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Fischer M, Quaas M, Wintsche A, Müller GA, Engeland K. Polo-like kinase 4 transcription is activated via CRE and NRF1 elements, repressed by DREAM through CDE/CHR sites and deregulated by HPV E7 protein. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:163-80. [PMID: 24071582 PMCID: PMC3874167 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by oncogenic viruses is a frequent cause for tumor formation as observed in cervical cancer. Viral oncoproteins cause inactivation of p53 function and false transcriptional regulation of central cell cycle genes. Here we analyze the regulation of Plk4, serving as an example of many cell cycle- and p53-regulated genes. Cell cycle genes are often repressed via CDE and CHR elements in their promoters and activated by NF-Y binding to CCAAT-boxes. In contrast, general activation of Plk4 depends on NRF1 and CRE sites. Bioinformatic analyses imply that NRF1 and CRE are central elements of the transcriptional network controlling cell cycle genes. We identify CDE and CHR sites in the Plk4 promoter, which are necessary for binding of the DREAM (DP, RB-like, E2F4 and MuvB) complex and for mediating repression in G0/G1. When cells progress to G2 and mitosis, DREAM is replaced by the MMB (Myb-MuvB) complex that only requires the CHR element for binding. Plk4 expression is downregulated by the p53-p21WAF1/CIP1-DREAM signaling pathway through the CDE and CHR sites. Cell cycle- and p53-dependent repression is abrogated by HPV E7 oncoprotein. Together with genome-wide analyses our results imply that many cell cycle genes upregulated in tumors by viral infection are bound by DREAM through CDE/CHR sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany and Computational EvoDevo Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Quaas M, Müller GA, Engeland K. p53 can repress transcription of cell cycle genes through a p21(WAF1/CIP1)-dependent switch from MMB to DREAM protein complex binding at CHR promoter elements. Cell Cycle 2012. [PMID: 23187802 PMCID: PMC3562311 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 plays an important role in cell cycle arrest by downregulating transcription. Many genes repressed by p53 code for proteins with functions in G₂/M. A large portion of these genes is controlled by cell cycle-dependent elements (CDE) and cell cycle genes homology regions (CHR) in their promoters. Cyclin B2 is an example of such a gene, with a function at the transition from G₂ to mitosis. We find that p53-dependent downregulation of cyclin B2 promoter activity is dependent on an intact CHR element. In the presence of high levels of p53 or p21WAF1/CIP1, protein binding to the CHR switches from MMB to DREAM complex by shifting MuvB core-associated proteins from B-Myb to E2F4/DP1/p130. The results suggest a model for p53-dependent transcriptional repression by which p53 directly activates p21WAF1/CIP1. The inhibitor then prevents further phosphorylation of p130 by cyclin-dependent kinases. The presence of hypophosphorylated pocket proteins shifts the equilibrium for complex formation from MMB to DREAM. In the case of promoters that do not hold CDE or E2F elements, binding of DREAM and MMB solely relies on a CHR site. Thus, p53 can repress target genes indirectly through CHR elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Quaas
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Yao Y, Bellon M, Shelton SN, Nicot C. Tumor suppressors p53, p63TAα, p63TAy, p73α, and p73β use distinct pathways to repress telomerase expression. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:20737-47. [PMID: 22496369 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.319236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The promoter of the telomerase catalytic subunit (TERT) is subject to tight regulation and remains repressed in somatic cells to ensure their limited life span and to prevent tumor initiation. Here we report that the hTERT promoter is strongly repressed by p53 and the related family members p63 and p73. We found that p53-mediated repression was different in human and mouse cells and occurred through p53-dependent transcription inhibition of c-Myc or through E-box/E2F pathways, respectively. Although p63TAα-mediated repression occurred through SP1, p63TAy-mediated repression occurred through E2F signaling. Finally, p73α- and p73β-mediated repression occurred through NF-YB2. Our results show a complex multifactorial mechanism used by p53 and its family members to keep hTERT expression under tight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Center for Viral Oncology and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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20
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Müller GA, Quaas M, Schümann M, Krause E, Padi M, Fischer M, Litovchick L, DeCaprio JA, Engeland K. The CHR promoter element controls cell cycle-dependent gene transcription and binds the DREAM and MMB complexes. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 40:1561-78. [PMID: 22064854 PMCID: PMC3287175 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle-dependent gene expression is often controlled on the transcriptional level. Genes like cyclin B, CDC2 and CDC25C are regulated by cell cycle-dependent element (CDE) and cell cycle genes homology region (CHR) promoter elements mainly through repression in G(0)/G(1). It had been suggested that E2F4 binding to CDE sites is central to transcriptional regulation. However, some promoters are only controlled by a CHR. We identify the DREAM complex binding to the CHR of mouse and human cyclin B2 promoters in G(0). Association of DREAM and cell cycle-dependent regulation is abrogated when the CHR is mutated. Although E2f4 is part of the complex, a CDE is not essential but can enhance binding of DREAM. We show that the CHR element is not only necessary for repression of gene transcription in G(0)/G(1), but also for activation in S, G(2) and M phases. In proliferating cells, the B-myb-containing MMB complex binds the CHR of both promoters independently of the CDE. Bioinformatic analyses identify many genes which contain conserved CHR elements in promoters binding the DREAM complex. With Ube2c as an example from that screen, we show that inverse CHR sites are functional promoter elements that can bind DREAM and MMB. Our findings indicate that the CHR is central to DREAM/MMB-dependent transcriptional control during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd A Müller
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstrasse 14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Sohr S, Engeland K. The tumor suppressor p53 induces expression of the pregnancy-supporting human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) CGB7 gene. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:3758-67. [PMID: 22032922 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.21.17946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful pregnancy requires a functionally normal blastocyst encountering a receptive maternal endometrium. Interestingly, the cell cycle regulator and tumor suppressor p53 has been reported to support reproduction in mice by regulating the expression of the leukemia inhibitory factor gene in the maternal endometrium. However, in humans the hormonal system orchestrating successful pregnancy is considerably different from rodents. Particularly, the primate-specific dimeric glycoprotein hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is essential for blastocyst implantation and maintenance of early human pregnancy. Here we provide evidence that p53 selectively induces expression of the hCGbeta7 (CGB7) gene. None of the other CGB genes was found to be regulated by p53. We show that expression of the CGB7 gene is upregulated upon p53 induction in human HFF, HCT116 and DLD1 cells as well as in cell preparations enriched in human primary first-trimester trophoblasts. The increase in CGB7 levels upon doxorubicin treatment is lost after siRNA-directed knockdown of p53. Furthermore, we describe CGB7 as a direct transcriptional target gene of p53 by identifying a p53-responsive element in the CGB7 promoter using reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitations. With these results we provide a new link between p53 transcriptional activity and human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Sohr
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Lee K, Yun ST, Yun CO, Ahn BY, Jo EC. S100A2 promoter-driven conditionally replicative adenovirus targets non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Gene Ther 2011; 19:967-77. [PMID: 22033466 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
S100A2, a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins, has been implicated in carcinogenesis as both a tumor suppressor and stimulator. Here, we characterized promoter activity of S100A2, generated an S100A2 promoter-driven conditionally replicative adenovirus (Ad/SA), and evaluated its anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Promoter activity of S100A2 was greatly restricted to tumor cells, and the S100A2 promoter bound with typical nuclear targets of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. EGF-stimulated EGFR phosphorylation induced S100A2 expression and further activated E1A expression of Ad/SA, which was restored by EGFR signal inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). In two EGFR-activated tumor xenograft animal models, Ad/SA exhibited potent anti-tumor activity, whereas cetuximab, an EGFR-targeting anticancer drug, was active transiently or ineffective. Combined treatment with cetuximab or cisplatin plus Ad/SA resulted in enhanced anti-tumor activity. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor sections showed moderate-to-high grade signals for EGFR and adenovirus, and a reduction in viable cells in Ad/SA-treated tumors. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the S100A2 promoter-driven adenovirus is a potent inhibitor of cancers, and further suggest that S100A2 is a target gene of EGFR signaling pathway in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lee
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, MOGAM Biotechnology Research Institute, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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23
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Dynamic expression of the p53 family members p63 and p73 in the mouse and human telencephalon during development and in adulthood. Brain Res 2010; 1372:29-40. [PMID: 21114965 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
p63 and p73, family members of the tumor suppressor p53, are critically involved in the life and death of mammalian cells. They display high homology and may act in concert. The p73 gene is relevant for brain development, and p73-deficient mice display important malformations of the telencephalon. In turn, p63 is essential for the development of stratified epithelia and may also play a part in neuronal survival and aging. We show here that p63 and p73 are dynamically expressed in the embryonic and adult mouse and human telencephalon. During embryonic stages, Cajal-Retzius cells derived from the cortical hem co-express p73 and p63. Comparison of the brain phenotypes of p63- and p73- deficient mice shows that only the loss of p73 function leads to the loss of Cajal-Retzius cells, whereas p63 is apparently not essential for brain development and Cajal-Retzius cell formation. In postnatal mice, p53, p63, and p73 are present in cells of the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle, a site of continued neurogenesis. The neurogenetic niche is reduced in size in p73-deficient mice, and the numbers of young neurons near the ventricular wall, marked with doublecortin, Tbr1 and calretinin, are dramatically decreased, suggesting that p73 is important for SVZ proliferation. In contrast to their restricted expression during brain development, p73 and p63 are widely detected in pyramidal neurons of the adult human cortex and hippocampus at protein and mRNA levels, pointing to a role of both genes in neuronal maintenance in adulthood.
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24
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Craig AL, Holcakova J, Finlan LE, Nekulova M, Hrstka R, Gueven N, DiRenzo J, Smith G, Hupp TR, Vojtesek B. DeltaNp63 transcriptionally regulates ATM to control p53 Serine-15 phosphorylation. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:195. [PMID: 20663147 PMCID: PMC3098010 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DeltaNp63alpha is an epithelial progenitor cell marker that maintains epidermal stem cell self-renewal capacity. Previous studies revealed that UV-damage induced p53 phosphorylation is confined to DeltaNp63alpha-positive cells in the basal layer of human epithelium. RESULTS We now report that phosphorylation of the p53 tumour suppressor is positively regulated by DeltaNp63alpha in immortalised human keratinocytes. DeltaNp63alpha depletion by RNAi reduces steady-state ATM mRNA and protein levels, and attenuates p53 Serine-15 phosphorylation. Conversely, ectopic expression of DeltaNp63alpha in p63-null tumour cells stimulates ATM transcription and p53 Serine-15 phosphorylation. We show that ATM is a direct DeltaNp63alpha transcriptional target and that the DeltaNp63alpha response element localizes to the ATM promoter CCAAT sequence. Structure-function analysis revealed that the DeltaNp63-specific TA2 transactivation domain mediates ATM transcription in coordination with the DNA binding and SAM domains. CONCLUSIONS Germline p63 point mutations are associated with a range of ectodermal developmental disorders, and targeted p63 deletion in the skin causes premature ageing. The DeltaNp63alpha-ATM-p53 damage-response pathway may therefore function in epithelial development, carcinogenesis and the ageing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Craig
- Cell Signalling Unit, Cancer Research Center, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
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25
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Wolf S, Haase-Kohn C, Pietzsch J. S100A2 in cancerogenesis: a friend or a foe? Amino Acids 2010; 41:849-61. [PMID: 20521072 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the exceptional intracellular distribution and the heterogeneous expression pattern during transformation and metastasis in various tumors, the EF-hand calcium-binding protein S100A2 attracts increasing attention. Unlike the majority of S100 proteins, S100A2 expression is downregulated in many cancers and the loss in nuclear expression has been associated with poor prognosis. On the other hand, S100A2 is upregulated in some cancers. This mini review highlights the general characteristics of S100A2 and discusses recent findings on its putative functional implication as a suppressor or promoter in cancerogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Wolf
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Research Center Dresden-Rossendorf, POB 51 01 19, 01314, Dresden, Germany
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26
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van Dieck J, Brandt T, Teufel DP, Veprintsev DB, Joerger AC, Fersht AR. Molecular basis of S100 proteins interacting with the p53 homologs p63 and p73. Oncogene 2010; 29:2024-35. [PMID: 20140014 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
S100 proteins modulate p53 activity by interacting with its tetramerization (p53TET, residues 325-355) and transactivation (residues 1-57) domains. In this study, we characterized biophysically the binding of S100A1, S100A2, S100A4, S100A6 and S100B to homologous domains of p63 and p73 in vitro by fluorescence anisotropy, analytical ultracentrifugation and analytical gel filtration. We found that S100A1, S100A2, S100A4, S100A6 and S100B proteins bound different p63 and p73 tetramerization domain variants and naturally occurring isoforms with varying affinities in a calcium-dependent manner. Additional interactions were observed with peptides derived from the p63 and p73 N-terminal transactivation domains. Importantly, S100 proteins bound p63 and p73 with different affinities in their different oligomeric states, similarly to the differential modes of binding to p53. On the basis of our data, we hypothesize that S100 proteins regulate the oligomerization state of all three p53 family members and their isoforms, with a potential physiological relevance in developmental and disease-related processes. The regulation of the p53 family by S100 is complicated and depends on the target preference of each individual S100 protein, the concentration of the proteins and calcium, as well as the splicing variation of p63 or p73. Our results outlining the complexity of the interaction should be considered when studying the functional effects of S100 proteins in their biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van Dieck
- MRC Centre for Protein Engineering, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
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27
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Khokhar SK, Kommagani R, Kadakia MP. Differential effects of p63 mutants on transactivation of p53 and/or p63 responsive genes. Cell Res 2008; 18:1061-73. [PMID: 18626511 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2008.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
p63, known to play a role in development, has more recently also been implicated in cancer progression. Mutations in p63 have been shown to be responsible for several human developmental diseases. Differential splicing of the p63 gene gives rise to p63 isoforms, which can act either as tumor suppressors or as oncogene. In this report, we studied the effects of naturally occurring TAp63gamma mutants on the regulation of p53/p63 and p63 specific target genes. We observed significant differences among p63 mutants to regulate the p53/p63 and p63 specific target genes. Additionally, we observed a differential effect of p63 mutants on wildtype-p63-mediated induction of p53/p63 and p63 specific target genes. We also demonstrated that these mutants differentially regulate the binding of wildtype p63 to the promoter of target genes. Furthermore, the effects of these mutants on cell death and survival were consistent with their ability to regulate the downstream targets when compared to wildtype TAp63gamma. In summary, our data demonstrate that p63 mutants exhibit differential effects on p63 and p53/p63 specific target genes and on the induction of apoptosis, and provide further insight into the function of p63.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama K Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
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