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Vemulapalli S, Hashemi M, Chen Y, Pramanik S, Bhakat KK, Lyubchenko YL. Nanoscale Interaction of Endonuclease APE1 with DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5145. [PMID: 38791183 PMCID: PMC11121393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is involved in DNA repair and transcriptional regulation mechanisms. This multifunctional activity of APE1 should be supported by specific structural properties of APE1 that have not yet been elucidated. Herein, we applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize the interactions of APE1 with DNA containing two well-separated G-rich segments. Complexes of APE1 with DNA containing G-rich segments were visualized, and analysis of the complexes revealed the affinity of APE1 to G-rich DNA sequences, and their yield was as high as 53%. Furthermore, APE1 is capable of binding two DNA segments leading to the formation of loops in the DNA-APE1 complexes. The analysis of looped APE1-DNA complexes revealed that APE1 can bridge G-rich segments of DNA. The yield of loops bridging two G-rich DNA segments was 41%. Analysis of protein size in various complexes was performed, and these data showed that loops are formed by APE1 monomer, suggesting that APE1 has two DNA binding sites. The data led us to a model for the interaction of APE1 with DNA and the search for the specific sites. The implication of these new APE1 properties in organizing DNA, by bringing two distant sites together, for facilitating the scanning for damage and coordinating repair and transcription is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Vemulapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA; (S.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Mohtadin Hashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA; (S.V.); (M.H.)
- Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5318, USA
| | - Yingling Chen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5805, USA; (Y.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Suravi Pramanik
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5805, USA; (Y.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Kishor K. Bhakat
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5805, USA; (Y.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Yuri L. Lyubchenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA; (S.V.); (M.H.)
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2
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Characterization of structures and molecular interactions of RNA and lipid carriers using atomic force microscopy. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 313:102855. [PMID: 36774766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and lipid are essential biomolecules in many biological processes, and hold a great prospect for biomedical applications, such as gene therapy, vaccines and therapeutic drug delivery. The characterization of morphology and intra-/inter-molecular interactions of RNA and lipid molecules is critical for understanding their functioning mechanisms. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a sophisticated technique for characterizing biomolecules featured by its piconewton force sensitivity, sub-nanometer spatial resolution, and flexible operation conditions in both air and liquid. The goal of this review is to highlight the representative and outstanding discoveries of the characterization of RNA and lipid molecules through morphology identification, physicochemical property determination and intermolecular force measurements by AFM. The first section introduces the AFM imaging of RNA molecules to obtain high-resolution morphologies and nanostructures in air and liquid, followed by the discussion of employing AFM force spectroscopy in understanding the nanomechanical properties and intra-/inter-molecular interactions of RNA molecules, including RNA-RNA and RNA-biomolecule interactions. The second section focuses on the studies of lipid and RNA encapsulated in lipid carrier (RNA-lipid) by AFM as well as the sample preparation and factors influencing the morphology and structure of lipid/RNA-lipid complexes. Particularly, the nanomechanical properties of lipid and RNA-lipid characterized by nanomechanical imaging and force measurements are discussed. The future perspectives and remaining challenges on the characterization of RNA and lipid offered by the versatile AFM techniques are also discussed. This review provides useful insights on the characterization of RNA and lipids nanostructures along with their molecular interactions, and also enlightens the application of AFM techniques in investigating a broad variety of biomolecules.
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Monsen RC, Chua ED, Hopkins J, Chaires J, Trent J. Structure of a 28.5 kDa duplex-embedded G-quadruplex system resolved to 7.4 Å resolution with cryo-EM. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:1943-1959. [PMID: 36715343 PMCID: PMC9976903 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic regions with high guanine content can fold into non-B form DNA four-stranded structures known as G-quadruplexes (G4s). Extensive in vivo investigations have revealed that promoter G4s are transcriptional regulators. Little structural information exists for these G4s embedded within duplexes, their presumed genomic environment. Here, we report the 7.4 Å resolution structure and dynamics of a 28.5 kDa duplex-G4-duplex (DGD) model system using cryo-EM, molecular dynamics, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies. The DGD cryo-EM refined model features a 53° bend induced by a stacked duplex-G4 interaction at the 5' G-tetrad interface with a persistently unstacked 3' duplex. The surrogate complement poly dT loop preferably stacks onto the 3' G-tetrad interface resulting in occlusion of both 5' and 3' tetrad interfaces. Structural analysis shows that the DGD model is quantifiably more druggable than the monomeric G4 structure alone and represents a new structural drug target. Our results illustrate how the integration of cryo-EM, MD, and SAXS can reveal complementary detailed static and dynamic structural information on DNA G4 systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Monsen
- UofL Health Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Eugene Y D Chua
- National Center for CryoEM Access and Training (NCCAT), Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jesse B Hopkins
- The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), Department of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Jonathan B Chaires
- UofL Health Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - John O Trent
- UofL Health Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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4
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Pavlova I, Barinov N, Novikov R, Severov V, Iudin M, Vedekhina T, Larin A, Babenko V, Aralov A, Gnuchikh E, Sardushkin M, Klinov D, Tsvetkov V, Varizhuk A. Modeling G4s in chromatin context confirms partial nucleosome exclusion and reveals nucleosome-disrupting effects of the least selective G4 ligands. Biochimie 2023; 204:8-21. [PMID: 36063975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are gaining increasing attention as possible regulators of chromatin packaging, and robust approaches to their studies in pseudo-native context are much needed. Here, we designed a simple in vitro model of G4-prone genomic DNA and employed it to elucidate the impact of G4s and G4-stabilizing ligands on nucleosome occupancy. We obtained two 226-bp dsDNA constructs composed of the strong nucleosome positioning sequence and an internucleosomal DNA-imitating tail. The tail was G4-free in the control construct and harbored a "strong" (stable) G4 motif in the construct of interest. An additional "weak" (semi-stable) G4 motif was found within the canonical nucleosome positioning sequence. Both G4s were confirmed by optical methods and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Electrophoretic mobility assays showed that the weak G4 motif did not obstruct nucleosome assembly, while the strong G4 motif in the tail sequence diminished nucleosome yield. Atomic force microscopy data and molecular modeling confirmed that the strong G4 was maintained in the tail of the correctly assembled nucleosome structure. Using both in vitro and in silico models, we probed three known G4 ligands and detected nucleosome-disrupting effects of the least selective ligand. Our results are in line with the negative correlation between stable G4s and nucleosome density, support G4 tolerance between regularly positioned nucleosomes, and highlight the importance of considering chromatin context when targeting genomic G4s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Pavlova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
| | - Nikolay Barinov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Roman Novikov
- Engenlhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia; N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, 19991, Russia
| | - Vjacheslav Severov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Mikhail Iudin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
| | - Tatiana Vedekhina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Andrey Larin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Vladislav Babenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Andrey Aralov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Evgeny Gnuchikh
- National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Kurchatov Genomic Center, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Makar Sardushkin
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Klinov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Tsvetkov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Institute of Biodesign and Complex System Modeling, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Leninsky Prospect Str. 29, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Anna Varizhuk
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
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5
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Lu X, Wu X, Kuang S, Lei C, Nie Z. Visualization of Deep Tissue G-quadruplexes with a Novel Large Stokes-Shifted Red Fluorescent Benzothiazole Derivative. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10283-10290. [PMID: 35776781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4) is a noncanonical nucleic acid secondary structure that has implications for various physiological and pathological processes and is thus essential to exploring new approaches to G4 detection in live cells. However, the deficiency of molecular imaging tools makes it challenging to visualize the G4 in ex vivo tissue samples. In this study, we established a G4 probe design strategy and presented a red fluorescent benzothiazole derivative, ThT-NA, to detect and image G4 structures in living cells and tissue samples. By enhancing the electron-donating group of thioflavin T (ThT) and optimizing molecular structure, ThT-NA shows excellent photophysical properties, including red emission (610 nm), a large Stokes shift (>100 nm), high sensitivity selectivity toward G4s (1600-fold fluorescence turn-on ratio) and robust two-photon fluorescence emission. Therefore, these features enable ThT-NA to reveal the endogenous RNA G4 distribution in living cells and differentiate the cell cycle by monitoring the changes of RNA G4 folding. Significantly, to the best of our knowledge, ThT-NA is the first benzothiazole-derived G4 probe that has been developed for imaging G4s in ex vivo cancer tissue samples by two-photon microscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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6
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Rahman M, Islam KR, Islam MR, Islam MJ, Kaysir MR, Akter M, Rahman MA, Alam SMM. A Critical Review on the Sensing, Control, and Manipulation of Single Molecules on Optofluidic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:968. [PMID: 35744582 PMCID: PMC9229244 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule techniques have shifted the paradigm of biological measurements from ensemble measurements to probing individual molecules and propelled a rapid revolution in related fields. Compared to ensemble measurements of biomolecules, single-molecule techniques provide a breadth of information with a high spatial and temporal resolution at the molecular level. Usually, optical and electrical methods are two commonly employed methods for probing single molecules, and some platforms even offer the integration of these two methods such as optofluidics. The recent spark in technological advancement and the tremendous leap in fabrication techniques, microfluidics, and integrated optofluidics are paving the way toward low cost, chip-scale, portable, and point-of-care diagnostic and single-molecule analysis tools. This review provides the fundamentals and overview of commonly employed single-molecule methods including optical methods, electrical methods, force-based methods, combinatorial integrated methods, etc. In most single-molecule experiments, the ability to manipulate and exercise precise control over individual molecules plays a vital role, which sometimes defines the capabilities and limits of the operation. This review discusses different manipulation techniques including sorting and trapping individual particles. An insight into the control of single molecules is provided that mainly discusses the recent development of electrical control over single molecules. Overall, this review is designed to provide the fundamentals and recent advancements in different single-molecule techniques and their applications, with a special focus on the detection, manipulation, and control of single molecules on chip-scale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudur Rahman
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Kazi Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md. Rashedul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md. Jahirul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Rejvi Kaysir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Masuma Akter
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md. Arifur Rahman
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - S. M. Mahfuz Alam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
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7
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Main KHS, Provan JI, Haynes PJ, Wells G, Hartley JA, Pyne ALB. Atomic force microscopy-A tool for structural and translational DNA research. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:031504. [PMID: 34286171 PMCID: PMC8272649 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful imaging technique that allows for structural characterization of single biomolecules with nanoscale resolution. AFM has a unique capability to image biological molecules in their native states under physiological conditions without the need for labeling or averaging. DNA has been extensively imaged with AFM from early single-molecule studies of conformational diversity in plasmids, to recent examinations of intramolecular variation between groove depths within an individual DNA molecule. The ability to image dynamic biological interactions in situ has also allowed for the interaction of various proteins and therapeutic ligands with DNA to be evaluated-providing insights into structural assembly, flexibility, and movement. This review provides an overview of how innovation and optimization in AFM imaging have advanced our understanding of DNA structure, mechanics, and interactions. These include studies of the secondary and tertiary structure of DNA, including how these are affected by its interactions with proteins. The broader role of AFM as a tool in translational cancer research is also explored through its use in imaging DNA with key chemotherapeutic ligands, including those currently employed in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James I. Provan
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Geoffrey Wells
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Hartley
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
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8
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Chaudhuri R, Fatma K, Dash J. Regulation of gene expression by targeting DNA secondary structures. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Miglietta G, Russo M, Capranico G. G-quadruplex-R-loop interactions and the mechanism of anticancer G-quadruplex binders. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:11942-11957. [PMID: 33137181 PMCID: PMC7708042 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic DNA and cellular RNAs can form a variety of non-B secondary structures, including G-quadruplex (G4) and R-loops. G4s are constituted by stacked guanine tetrads held together by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds and can form at key regulatory sites of eukaryote genomes and transcripts, including gene promoters, untranslated exon regions and telomeres. R-loops are 3-stranded structures wherein the two strands of a DNA duplex are melted and one of them is annealed to an RNA. Specific G4 binders are intensively investigated to discover new effective anticancer drugs based on a common rationale, i.e.: the selective inhibition of oncogene expression or specific impairment of telomere maintenance. However, despite the high number of known G4 binders, such a selective molecular activity has not been fully established and several published data point to a different mode of action. We will review published data that address the close structural interplay between G4s and R-loops in vitro and in vivo, and how these interactions can have functional consequences in relation to G4 binder activity. We propose that R-loops can play a previously-underestimated role in G4 binder action, in relation to DNA damage induction, telomere maintenance, genome and epigenome instability and alterations of gene expression programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Miglietta
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Russo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Capranico
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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10
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A Hyper-IgM Syndrome Mutation in Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Disrupts G-Quadruplex Binding and Genome-wide Chromatin Localization. Immunity 2020; 53:952-970.e11. [PMID: 33098766 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Precise targeting of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) to immunoglobulin (Ig) loci promotes antibody class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), whereas AID targeting of non-Ig loci can generate oncogenic DNA lesions. Here, we examined the contribution of G-quadruplex (G4) nucleic acid structures to AID targeting in vivo. Mice bearing a mutation in Aicda (AIDG133V) that disrupts AID-G4 binding modeled the pathology of hyper-IgM syndrome patients with an orthologous mutation, lacked CSR and SHM, and had broad defects in genome-wide AIDG133V chromatin localization. Genome-wide analyses also revealed that wild-type AID localized to MHCII genes, and AID expression correlated with decreased MHCII expression in germinal center B cells and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Our findings indicate a crucial role for G4 binding in AID targeting and suggest that AID activity may extend beyond Ig loci to regulate the expression of genes relevant to the physiology and pathology of activated B cells.
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11
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Carrasco-Salas Y, Malapert A, Sulthana S, Molcrette B, Chazot-Franguiadakis L, Bernard P, Chédin F, Faivre-Moskalenko C, Vanoosthuyse V. The extruded non-template strand determines the architecture of R-loops. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:6783-6795. [PMID: 31066439 PMCID: PMC6648340 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-stranded R-loop structures have been associated with genomic instability phenotypes. What underlies their wide-ranging effects on genome stability remains poorly understood. Here we combined biochemical and atomic force microscopy approaches with single molecule R-loop footprinting to demonstrate that R-loops formed at the model Airn locus in vitro adopt a defined set of three-dimensional conformations characterized by distinct shapes and volumes, which we call R-loop objects. Interestingly, we show that these R-loop objects impose specific physical constraints on the DNA, as revealed by the presence of stereotypical angles in the surrounding DNA. Biochemical probing and mutagenesis experiments revealed that the formation of R-loop objects at Airn is dictated by the extruded non-template strand, suggesting that R-loops possess intrinsic sequence-driven properties. Consistent with this, we show that R-loops formed at the fission yeast gene sum3 do not form detectable R-loop objects. Our results reveal that R-loops differ by their architectures and that the organization of the non-template strand is a fundamental characteristic of R-loops, which could explain that only a subset of R-loops is associated with replication-dependent DNA breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeraldinne Carrasco-Salas
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Amélie Malapert
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell (LBMC), 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Shaheen Sulthana
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bastien Molcrette
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Léa Chazot-Franguiadakis
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Bernard
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell (LBMC), 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Chédin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Vincent Vanoosthuyse
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell (LBMC), 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
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12
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Li D, Peng P, Yang Z, Lv B. Formation of G-quadruplex structure in supercoiled DNA under molecularly crowded conditions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26248-26251. [PMID: 35531037 PMCID: PMC9070399 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex is a secondary structure of nucleic acids that plays crucial roles in many significant biological processes. Potential G-quadruplex-forming sequences exist widely in various regions of the genome such as telomeres and gene promoters. In spite of the fact that G-quadruplex can be readily assembled from a single-stranded segment of DNA, its formation from duplex DNA is very difficult under physiological conditions because Watson–Crick interactions in guanine rich segments need to be weakened first. It is demonstrated in our studies that intrastrand G-quadruplex generated from a perfectly matched guanine-rich duplex in a circular DNA as a result of significant quadruplex stabilization and duplex destabilization created by the combined actions of negative DNA supercoiling and molecular crowding conditions. It is demonstrated that G-quadruplex generated from G-rich duplex in a circular DNA as a result of quadruplex stabilization and duplex destabilization created by the combined actions of negative DNA supercoiling and molecular crowding condition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- The Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center
- College of Biology and the Environment
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Peiwen Peng
- The Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center
- College of Biology and the Environment
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhaoqi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Bei Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules
- College of Life Science and Chemistry
- Jiangsu Second Normal University
- Nanjing
- China
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13
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Transformation of a Thermostable G-Quadruplex Structure into DNA Duplex Driven by Reverse Gyrase. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22112021. [PMID: 29165328 PMCID: PMC6150213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse gyrase is a topoisomerase that can introduce positive supercoils to its substrate DNA. It is demonstrated in our studies that a highly thermal stable G-quadruplex structure in a mini-plasmid DNA was transformed into its duplex conformation after a treatment with reverse gyrase. The structural difference of the topoisomers were verified and analyzed by gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy examination, and endonuclease digestion assays. All evidence suggested that the overwinding structure of positive supercoil could provide a driven force to disintegrate G-quadruplex and reform duplex. The results of our studies could suggest that hyperthermophiles might use reverse gyrase to manipulate the disintegration of non-B DNA structures and safekeep their genomic information.
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14
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Zhang S, Wu Q, Zhang H, Wang Q, Wang X, Mei W, Wu X, Zheng W. Microwave-assisted synthesis of ruthenium(II) complexes with alkynes as potential inhibitor by selectively recognizing c-myc G-quadruplex DNA. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 176:113-122. [PMID: 28888786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, two polypyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes with alkynes, [Ru(bpy)2L](ClO4)2 (L=p-TEPIP (1) and p-BEPIP (2); bpy=2,2'-bipyridine; p-TEPIP=2-(4-trimethylsilylpropargyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5f][1,10]phenanthroline; p-BEPIP=2-(4-phenyacetylenephenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5f][1,10]phenanthroline) have been successfully achieved in yields of 32%-89% by a Sonogashira coupling reaction under microwave irradiation. We studied these complexes as potential stabilizers of c-myc G-quadruplex DNA. Observations revealed that both complexes could selectively bind to and stabilize c-myc G-quadruplex DNA with a constant of approximately 1.61±0.78 and 9.47±4.20×103M-1, respectively, as determined from ITC (isothermal ttitration calorimetry) experiments, FRET (fluorescence resonance energy ttransfer) assay and competitive FRET assay. Moreover, the melting point (Tm) of the c-myc G-quadruplex DNA increased in the presence of 1 and 2 ([Ru]=0.2μM) by approximately 9 and 19.9°C, respectively. It is noteworthy that the conformation of the c-myc G-quadruplex DNA appeared to change when titrated with 1 and 2, which was accompanied by a negative-induced CD (circular dichroism) signal that appeared at a wavelength of 295nm. Furthermore, the conformational change in c-myc G-quadruplex DNA induced by 1 and 2have also been confirmed by TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and AFM (atomic force microscopy). Consequently, the replication of c-myc DNA was blocked by 1 and 2, and especially by 2, as verified by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) -stop assay and Western-blot assay. Thus, these ruthenium(II) complexes can be developed as potential inhibitors in chemotherapy through their binding and stabilization of c-myc G-quadruplex DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Wenjie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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15
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Conformation Selective Antibody Enables Genome Profiling and Leads to Discovery of Parallel G-Quadruplex in Human Telomeres. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1261-1270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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17
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Li Y, Syed J, Suzuki Y, Asamitsu S, Shioda N, Wada T, Sugiyama H. Effect of ATRX and G-Quadruplex Formation by the VNTR Sequence on α-Globin Gene Expression. Chembiochem 2016; 17:928-35. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Junetha Syed
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Sefan Asamitsu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Norifumi Shioda
- Department of Pharmacology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Takahito Wada
- Department of Medical Ethics and Medical Genetics; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS); Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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18
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Carvalho J, Ferreira J, Pereira P, Coutinho E, Guédin A, Nottelet P, Salgado GF, Mergny JL, Queiroz J, Sousa F, Cabrita EJ, Cruz C. Stabilization of novel immunoglobulin switch regions G-quadruplexes by naphthalene and quinoline-based ligands. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Cogoi S, Xodo LE. G4 DNA in ras genes and its potential in cancer therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:663-74. [PMID: 26855080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is now well established that in the human genome the canonical double helix coexists with folded G-quadruplex structures that are known to have important biological functions. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on quadruplex formation in the promoters of the ras genes that are mutated in about 30% of all human cancers. We describe the nuclear proteins that recognize these unusual DNA structures and discuss their function in transcription. We also examine the formation of G-quadruplexes in the 5'-untranslated region of the ras transcripts and conclude this review by reporting strategies that use either ras G-quadruplexes or proteins recognizing the ras G-quadruplexes as targets of anticancer small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Cogoi
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Luigi E Xodo
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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20
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Chauhan A, Paladhi S, Debnath M, Dash J. Selective recognition of c-MYC G-quadruplex DNA using prolinamide derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5761-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00177g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the design, synthesis, biophysical and biological evaluation of triazole containing prolinamide derivatives as selectivec-MYCG-quadruplex binding ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Chauhan
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
| | - Sushovan Paladhi
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
- Department of Organic Chemistry
| | - Manish Debnath
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
- Department of Organic Chemistry
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21
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Zhao X, Huang Y, Yang CJ, Mao B. Molecular behavior of the aptamer HJ24 self-assembled on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-015-5465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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König SLB, Evans AC, Huppert JL. Seven essential questions on G-quadruplexes. Biomol Concepts 2015; 1:197-213. [PMID: 25961997 DOI: 10.1515/bmc.2010.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The helical duplex architecture of DNA was discovered by Francis Crick and James Watson in 1951 and is well known and understood. However, nucleic acids can also adopt alternative structural conformations that are less familiar, although no less biologically relevant, such as the G-quadruplex. G-quadruplexes continue to be the subject of a rapidly expanding area of research, owing to their significant potential as therapeutic targets and their unique biophysical properties. This review begins by focusing on G-quadruplex structure, elucidating the intermolecular and intramolecular interactions underlying its formation and highlighting several substructural variants. A variety of methods used to characterize these structures are also outlined. The current state of G-quadruplex research is then addressed by proffering seven pertinent questions for discussion. This review concludes with an overview of possible directions for future research trajectories in this exciting and relevant field.
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23
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García-Sacristán A, Moreno M, Ariza-Mateos A, López-Camacho E, Jáudenes RM, Vázquez L, Gómez J, Martín-Gago JÁ, Briones C. A magnesium-induced RNA conformational switch at the internal ribosome entry site of hepatitis C virus genome visualized by atomic force microscopy. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:565-80. [PMID: 25510496 PMCID: PMC4288189 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5' untranslated region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomic RNA contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element, composed of domains II-IV, which is required for cap-independent translation initiation. Little information on the 3D structure of the whole functional HCV IRES is still available. Here, we use atomic force microscopy to visualize the HCV IRES conformation in its natural sequence context, which includes the upstream domain I and the essential, downstream domains V and VI. The 574 nt-long molecule analyzed underwent an unexpected, Mg(2+)-induced switch between two alternative conformations: from 'open', elongated morphologies at 0-2 mM Mg(2+) concentration to a 'closed', comma-shaped conformation at 4-6 mM Mg(2+). This sharp transition, confirmed by gel-shift analysis and partial RNase T1 cleavage, was hindered by the microRNA miR-122. The comma-shaped IRES-574 molecules visualized at 4-6 mM Mg(2+) in the absence of miR-122 showed two arms. Our data support that the first arm would contain domain III, while the second one would be composed of domains (I-II)+(V-VI) thanks to a long-range RNA interaction between the I-II spacer and the basal region of domain VI. This reinforces the previously described structural continuity between the HCV IRES and its flanking domains I, V and VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana García-Sacristán
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid 28850, Spain Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Miguel Moreno
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid 28850, Spain
| | - Ascensión Ariza-Mateos
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, (CIBERehd), Spain Laboratory of RNA Archaeology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina 'López-Neyra' (CSIC), Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Elena López-Camacho
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid 28850, Spain Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Rosa M Jáudenes
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid 28850, Spain
| | - Luis Vázquez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jordi Gómez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, (CIBERehd), Spain Laboratory of RNA Archaeology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina 'López-Neyra' (CSIC), Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - José Ángel Martín-Gago
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid 28850, Spain Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Carlos Briones
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid 28850, Spain Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, (CIBERehd), Spain
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24
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Das RN, Debnath M, Gaurav A, Dash J. Environment-Sensitive Probes Containing a 2,6-Diethynylpyridine Motif for Fluorescence Turn-On Detection and Induction of Nanoarchitectures of Human Telomeric Quadruplex. Chemistry 2014; 20:16688-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Li D, Lv B, Zhang H, Lee JY, Li T. Positive supercoiling affiliated with nucleosome formation repairs non-B DNA structures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10641-4. [PMID: 25075997 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04789c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that positive supercoiling affiliated with nucleosome formation can act as the driving force to repair the G-quadruplex, cruciform as well as a stable non-B DNA structure caused by peptide nucleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- The Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
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26
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Iyer S, Doktycz MJ. Thrombin-mediated transcriptional regulation using DNA aptamers in DNA-based cell-free protein synthesis. ACS Synth Biol 2014; 3:340-6. [PMID: 24059754 DOI: 10.1021/sb4000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Realizing the potential of cell-free systems will require development of ligand-sensitive gene promoters that control gene expression in response to a ligand of interest. Here, we describe an approach to designing ligand-sensitive transcriptional control in cell-free systems that is based on the combination of a DNA aptamer that binds thrombin and the T7 bacteriophage promoter. Placement of the aptamer near the T7 promoter, and using a primarily single-stranded template, results in up to a 6-fold change in gene expression in a ligand concentration-dependent manner. We further demonstrate that the sensitivity to thrombin concentration and the fold change in expression can be tuned by altering the position of the aptamer. The results described here pave the way for the use of DNA aptamers to achieve modular regulation of transcription in response to a wide variety of ligands in cell-free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Iyer
- Graduate
Program
in Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Biosciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Mitchel J. Doktycz
- Graduate
Program
in Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Biosciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Center for
Nanophase
Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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27
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Rodrigues Pontinha AD, Chiorcea-Paquim AM, Eritja R, Oliveira-Brett AM. Quadruplex nanostructures of d(TGGGGT): influence of sodium and potassium ions. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5851-7. [PMID: 24794539 DOI: 10.1021/ac500624z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Tetrahymena telomeric repeat sequence d(TG4T) contains only guanine (G) and thymine (T) bases and has medical and nanotechnological applications because of its ability to self-assemble into stiff tetra-molecular parallel-stranded G-quadruplexes. The hexadeoxynucleotide d(TG4T) was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) on the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface and differential pulse (DP) voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. The d(TG4T) single-strands self-assembled into G-quadruplex structures, very fast in K(+) ions solution and slowly in Na(+) ions containing solution. The G-quadruplex structures were detected in AFM by the adsorption of small spherical aggregates and by DP voltammetry by the G oxidation peak decrease and G-quartets oxidation peak occurrence, in a time and K(+) ions concentration dependent manner. In the presence of Na(+) ions, the d(TG4T) single-strands also slowly self-assembled into higher-order nanostructures, detected by AFM as short nanowires and nanostructured films that were never observed in K(+) ions containing solution.
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28
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Maji B, Bhattacharya S. Advances in the molecular design of potential anticancer agents via targeting of human telomeric DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6422-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is an attractive drug target to develop new generation drugs against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudeb Maji
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012, India
- Chemical Biology Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
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29
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Rajendran A, Endo M, Hidaka K, Thao Tran PL, Teulade-Fichou MP, Mergny JL, Sugiyama H. G-quadruplex-binding ligand-induced DNA synapsis inside a DNA origami frame. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45676e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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30
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Sim MFM, Talukder MU, Dennis RJ, Edwardson JM, Rochford JJ. Analyzing the functions and structure of the human lipodystrophy protein seipin. Methods Enzymol 2014; 537:161-75. [PMID: 24480346 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411619-1.00009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the gene BSCL2, which encodes the protein seipin, causes severe generalized lipodystrophy in humans with a near complete absence of adipose tissue. Moreover, cell culture studies have demonstrated that seipin plays a critical cell-autonomous role in adipocyte differentiation. These observations reveal seipin as a critical regulator of human adipose tissue development; however, until recently very little has been known about the potential molecular functions of this intriguing protein. Despite significant recent interest in the function of seipin, our understanding of its molecular role(s) remains limited. The topology of seipin and lack of evidence for any enzymatic domains or activity indicate that it may act principally as a scaffold for other proteins or play a structural role in altering membrane curvature and/or budding. Work in this area has been hampered by several factors, including the lack of homology that might imply testable functions, the poor availability of antibodies to the endogenous protein and the observation that this hydrophobic ER membrane-resident protein is difficult to analyze by standard Western blotting techniques. Here we summarize some of the techniques we have applied to investigate the association of seipin with a recently identified binding partner, lipin 1. In addition, we describe the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to image oligomers of the seipin protein. We believe that AFM will offer a valuable tool to examine the association of candidate binding proteins with the seipin oligomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Michelle Sim
- Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rowena J Dennis
- Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Michael Edwardson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Justin J Rochford
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
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31
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Sim MFM, Talukder MMU, Dennis RJ, O’Rahilly S, Edwardson JM, Rochford JJ. Analysis of naturally occurring mutations in the human lipodystrophy protein seipin reveals multiple potential pathogenic mechanisms. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2498-506. [PMID: 23989774 PMCID: PMC3824349 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In humans, disruption of the gene BSCL2, encoding the protein seipin, causes congenital generalised lipodystrophy (CGL) with severe insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. While the causative gene has been known for over a decade, the molecular functions of seipin are only now being uncovered. Most pathogenic mutations in BSCL2 represent substantial disruptions including significant deletions and frameshifts. However, several more subtle mutations have been reported that cause premature stop codons or single amino acid substitutions. Here we have examined these mutant forms of seipin to gain insight into how they may cause CGL. METHODS We generated constructs expressing mutant seipin proteins and determined their expression and localisation. We also assessed their capacity to recruit the key adipogenic phosphatidic acid phosphatase lipin 1, a recently identified molecular role of seipin in developing adipocytes. Finally, we used atomic force microscopy to define the oligomeric structure of seipin and to determine whether this is affected by the mutations. RESULTS We show that the R275X mutant of seipin is not expressed in pre-adipocytes. While the other premature stop mutant forms fail to bind lipin 1 appropriately, the point mutants T78A, L91P and A212P all retain this capacity. We demonstrate that wild-type human seipin forms oligomers of 12 subunits in a circular configuration but that the L91P and A212P mutants of seipin do not. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study represents the most comprehensive analysis so far of mutants of seipin causing lipodystrophy and reveals several different molecular mechanisms by which these mutations may cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Michelle Sim
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rowena J. Dennis
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen O’Rahilly
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Justin J. Rochford
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
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32
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Lormand JD, Buncher N, Murphy CT, Kaur P, Lee MY, Burgers P, Wang H, Kunkel TA, Opresko PL. DNA polymerase δ stalls on telomeric lagging strand templates independently from G-quadruplex formation. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:10323-33. [PMID: 24038470 PMCID: PMC3905856 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence indicates that telomeres resemble common fragile sites and present a challenge for DNA replication. The precise impediments to replication fork progression at telomeric TTAGGG repeats are unknown, but are proposed to include G-quadruplexes (G4) on the G-rich strand. Here we examined DNA synthesis and progression by the replicative DNA polymerase δ/proliferating cell nuclear antigen/replication factor C complex on telomeric templates that mimic the leading C-rich and lagging G-rich strands. Increased polymerase stalling occurred on the G-rich template, compared with the C-rich and nontelomeric templates. Suppression of G4 formation by substituting Li+ for K+ as the cation, or by using templates with 7-deaza-G residues, did not alleviate Pol δ pause sites within the G residues. Furthermore, we provide evidence that G4 folding is less stable on single-stranded circular TTAGGG templates where ends are constrained, compared with linear oligonucleotides. Artificially stabilizing G4 structures on the circular templates with the G4 ligand BRACO-19 inhibited Pol δ progression into the G-rich repeats. Similar results were obtained for yeast and human Pol δ complexes. Our data indicate that G4 formation is not required for polymerase stalling on telomeric lagging strands and suggest that an alternative mechanism, in addition to stable G4s, contributes to replication stalling at telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Lormand
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA, Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, 2401 Stinson Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Zhang N, Chu X, Fathalla M, Jayawickramarajah J. Photonic DNA-chromophore nanowire networks: harnessing multiple supramolecular assembly modes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:10796-806. [PMID: 23895408 PMCID: PMC3826913 DOI: 10.1021/la402214p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photonic DNA nanostructures are typically prepared by the assembly of multiple sequences of long DNA strands that are conjugated covalently to various dye molecules. Herein we introduce a noncovalent method for the construction of porphyrin-containing DNA nanowires and their networks that uses the programmed assembly of a single, very short, oligodeoxyribonucleotide sequence. Specifically, our strategy exploits a number of supramolecular binding modalities (including DNA base-pairing, metal-ion coordination, and β-cyclodextrin-adamantane derived host-guest interactions) for simultaneous nanowire assembly and porphyrin incorporation. Furthermore, we also show that the resultant DNA-porphyrin assembly can be further functionalized with a complementary "off-the-shelf" DNA binding dye resulting in photonic structures with broadband absorption and energy transfer capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118. Fax: (+1) 504-865-5596 Tel: (+1) 504-862-3580;
| | - Xiaozhu Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118. Fax: (+1) 504-865-5596 Tel: (+1) 504-862-3580;
| | - Maher Fathalla
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118. Fax: (+1) 504-865-5596 Tel: (+1) 504-862-3580;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Janarthanan Jayawickramarajah
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118. Fax: (+1) 504-865-5596 Tel: (+1) 504-862-3580;
- Corresponding author: Janarthanan Jayawickramarajah, Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118. Fax: (+1) 504-865-5596 Tel: (+1) 504-862-3580;
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Ma DL, He HZ, Leung KH, Chan DSH, Leung CH. Bioactive Luminescent Transition-Metal Complexes for Biomedical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7666-7682. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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35
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Rajendran A, Endo M, Hidaka K, Tran PLT, Mergny JL, Sugiyama H. Controlling the stoichiometry and strand polarity of a tetramolecular G-quadruplex structure by using a DNA origami frame. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:8738-47. [PMID: 23863846 PMCID: PMC3794576 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanine-rich oligonucleotides often show a strong tendency to form supramolecular architecture, the so-called G-quadruplex structure. Because of the biological significance, it is now considered to be one of the most important conformations of DNA. Here, we describe the direct visualization and single-molecule analysis of the formation of a tetramolecular G-quadruplex in KCl solution. The conformational changes were carried out by incorporating two duplex DNAs, with G-G mismatch repeats in the middle, inside a DNA origami frame and monitoring the topology change of the strands. In the absence of KCl, incorporated duplexes had no interaction and laid parallel to each other. Addition of KCl induced the formation of a G-quadruplex structure by stably binding the duplexes to each other in the middle. Such a quadruplex formation allowed the DNA synapsis without disturbing the duplex regions of the participating sequences, and resulted in an X-shaped structure that was monitored by atomic force microscopy. Further, the G-quadruplex formation in KCl solution and its disruption in KCl-free buffer were analyzed in real-time. The orientation of the G-quadruplex is often difficult to control and investigate using traditional biochemical methods. However, our method using DNA origami could successfully control the strand orientations, topology and stoichiometry of the G-quadruplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arivazhagan Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan and University of Bordeaux, INSERM, U869, ARNA Laboratory, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, Pessac, F-33607, France
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36
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Ma DL, He HZ, Leung KH, Chan DSH, Leung CH. Bioaktive lumineszierende Übergangsmetallkomplexe für biomedizinische Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Chiorcea-Paquim AM, Santos PV, Eritja R, Oliveira-Brett AM. Self-assembled G-quadruplex nanostructures: AFM and voltammetric characterization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9117-24. [PMID: 23644414 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50866h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
G-rich oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) have great medical and nanotechnological potential, because they can self-assemble into G-quadruplexes and higher-order nanostructures. The folding properties of d(G)10, d(TG9) and d(TG8T) ODNs were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and voltammetry at carbon electrodes. Single-stranded ODNs, in Na(+) containing solutions and for short incubation times, were detected using AFM as network films and polymeric structures and using voltammetry by the occurrence of only the guanine oxidation peak. G-quadruplexes, in Na(+) containing solutions and long incubation times, or in K(+) containing solutions, were detected using AFM as spherical aggregates and using voltammetry by the decrease of the guanine oxidation peak and the occurrence of the G-quartet oxidation peak. Concerning the self-assembling into higher-order nanostructures, d(G)10 was the only sequence forming G-nanowires observed using AFM, d(TG9) formed short G-based super-structures that adsorbed as rod-like shape aggregates, and d(TG8T) formed no nanostructures, due to the presence of thymine residues at both 5' and 3' ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Chiorcea-Paquim
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Single-stranded DNA loops as fiducial markers for exploring DNA-protein interactions in single molecule imaging. Methods 2013; 60:122-30. [PMID: 23500656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method of adding a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) hairpin loop to one end of linear double-stranded (ds) DNA templates was developed. The loop structure serves as a fiducial marker in single molecule imaging by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and can be applied to study DNA-protein interactions. The nucleic acid end-labels allow discrimination of the polarity of the DNA template in the AFM while limiting non-specific interactions which might occur from non-nucleic acid labels. Homo-polynucleotide ssDNA loops made up of 20 base-pairs (bp) for each of the four bases (A, T, G, C) were investigated to determine the effects of sequence on template labelling. The products were produced with high efficiency and high yield with the loop readily distinguished from the dsDNA template by height and diameter in the AFM. The application of the method to study DNA transcription was investigated by firing Escherichia Coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) from a λPR promoter in the direction of the loop-labelled end. The ssDNA loops captured elongating complexes of RNAP, arresting transcription and preventing dissociation. The dual role of the loop as a polarity marker and retainer of previously active RNAP will allow mechanisms of gene expression to be studied with single molecule sensitivity by AFM. This will enable insight into molecular interactions of RNAP on single DNA templates in convergent or tandem transcription configurations.
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39
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Equilibrious strand exchange promoted by DNA conformational switching. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1121. [PMID: 23350029 PMCID: PMC3553462 DOI: 10.1038/srep01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of DNA strand exchange reactions in vitro are based on toehold strategy which is generally nonequilibrium, and intracellular strand exchange mediated by proteins shows little sequence specificity. Herein, a new strand exchange promoted by equilibrious DNA conformational switching is verified. Duplexes containing c-myc sequence which is potentially converted into G-quadruplex are designed in this strategy. The dynamic equilibrium between duplex and G4-DNA is response to the specific exchange of homologous single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). The SER is enzyme free and sequence specific. No ATP is needed and the displaced ssDNAs are identical to the homologous ssDNAs. The SER products and exchange kenetics are analyzed by PAGE and the RecA mediated SER is performed as the contrast. This SER is a new feature of G4-DNAs and a novel strategy to utilize the dynamic equilibrium of DNA conformations.
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40
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Lv B, Li D, Zhang H, Lee JY, Li T. DNA gyrase-driven generation of a G-quadruplex from plasmid DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8317-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44675a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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41
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König SLB, Liyanage PS, Sigel RKO, Rueda D. Helicase-mediated changes in RNA structure at the single-molecule level. RNA Biol 2013; 10:133-48. [PMID: 23353571 DOI: 10.4161/rna.23507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA helicases are a diverse group of RNA-dependent ATPases known to play a large number of biological roles inside the cell, such as RNA unwinding, remodeling, export and degradation. Understanding how helicases mediate changes in RNA structure is therefore of fundamental interest. The advent of single-molecule spectroscopic techniques has unveiled with unprecedented detail the interplay of RNA helicases with their substrates. In this review, we describe the characterization of helicase-RNA interactions by single-molecule approaches. State-of-the-art techniques are presented, followed by a discussion of recent advancements in this exciting field.
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42
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Damerla RR, Knickelbein KE, Strutt S, Liu FJ, Wang H, Opresko PL. Werner syndrome protein suppresses the formation of large deletions during the replication of human telomeric sequences. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3036-44. [PMID: 22871734 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a disorder characterized by features of premature aging and increased cancer that is caused by loss of the RecQ helicase WRN. Telomeres consisting of duplex TTAGGG repeats in humans protect chromosome ends and sustain cellular proliferation. WRN prevents the loss of telomeres replicated from the G-rich strand, which can form secondary G-quadruplex (G4) structures. Here, we dissected WRN roles in the replication of telomeric sequences by examining factors inherent to telomeric repeats, such as G4 DNA, independently from other factors at chromosome ends that can also impede replication. For this we used the supF shuttle vector (SV) mutagenesis assay. We demonstrate that SVs with [TTAGGG]6 sequences are stably replicated in human cells, and that the repeats suppress the frequency of large deletions despite G4 folding potential. WRN depletion increased the supF mutant frequency for both the telomeric and non-telomeric SVs, compared with the control cells, but this increase was much greater (27-fold) for telomeric SVs. The higher SV mutant frequencies in WRN-deficient cells were primarily due to an increase in large sequence deletions and rearrangements. However, WRN depletion caused a more dramatic increase in deletions and rearrangements arising within the telomeric SV (70-fold), compared with non-telomeric SV (8-fold). Our results indicate that WRN prevents large deletions and rearrangements during replication, and that this role is particularly important in templates with telomeric sequence. This provides a possible explanation for increased telomere loss in WS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao Damerla
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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43
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Ehrat EA, Johnson BR, Williams JD, Borchert GM, Larson ED. G-quadruplex recognition activities of E. Coli MutS. BMC Mol Biol 2012; 13:23. [PMID: 22747774 PMCID: PMC3437207 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-13-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Guanine quadruplex (G4 DNA) is a four-stranded structure that contributes to genome instability and site-specific recombination. G4 DNA folds from sequences containing tandemly repetitive guanines, sequence motifs that are found throughout prokaryote and eukaryote genomes. While some cellular activities have been identified with binding or processing G4 DNA, the factors and pathways governing G4 DNA metabolism are largely undefined. Highly conserved mismatch repair factors have emerged as potential G4-responding complexes because, in addition to initiating heteroduplex correction, the human homologs bind non-B form DNA with high affinity. Moreover, the MutS homologs across species have the capacity to recognize a diverse range of DNA pairing variations and damage, suggesting a conserved ability to bind non-B form DNA. Results Here, we asked if E. coli MutS and a heteroduplex recognition mutant, MutS F36A, were capable of recognizing and responding to G4 DNA structures. We find by mobility shift assay that E. coli MutS binds to G4 DNA with high affinity better than binding to G-T heteroduplexes. In the same assay, MutS F36A failed to recognize G-T mismatched oligonucleotides, as expected, but retained an ability to bind to G4 DNA. Association with G4 DNA by MutS is not likely to activate the mismatch repair pathway because nucleotide binding did not promote release of MutS or MutS F36A from G4 DNA as it does for heteroduplexes. G4 recognition activities occur under physiological conditions, and we find that M13 phage harboring G4-capable DNA poorly infected a MutS deficient strain of E. coli compared to M13mp18, suggesting functional roles for mismatch repair factors in the cellular response to unstable genomic elements. Conclusions Taken together, our findings demonstrate that E. coli MutS has a binding activity specific for non-B form G4 DNA, but such binding appears independent of canonical heteroduplex repair activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Ehrat
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4120, USA
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44
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Mela I, Kranaster R, Henderson RM, Balasubramanian S, Edwardson JM. Demonstration of Ligand Decoration, and Ligand-Induced Perturbation, of G-Quadruplexes in a Plasmid Using Atomic Force Microscopy. Biochemistry 2012; 51:578-85. [DOI: 10.1021/bi201600g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mela
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge
CB2 1PD, U.K
| | - Ramon Kranaster
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Lensfield Road, Cambridge
CB2 1EW, U.K
- Cancer Research
UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka
Shing Center, Cambridge
CB2 0RE, U.K
| | - Robert M. Henderson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge
CB2 1PD, U.K
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Lensfield Road, Cambridge
CB2 1EW, U.K
- Cancer Research
UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka
Shing Center, Cambridge
CB2 0RE, U.K
- School of
Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, U.K
| | - J. Michael Edwardson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge
CB2 1PD, U.K
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45
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Visualizing the Quadruplex: From Fluorescent Ligands to Light-Up Probes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 330:111-77. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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46
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Ren J, Wang J, Han L, Wang E, Wang J. Kinetically grafting G-quadruplexes onto DNA nanostructures for structure and function encoding via a DNA machine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10563-5. [PMID: 21858307 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13973h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kinetically grafting G-quadruplexes onto one-dimensional DNA nanostructures with precise positioning was realized in this study. The programs hold great promise for label-free and enzyme-free detection of various targets as a result of signal amplification from G-quadruplexes, and building DNA nanostructures as scaffolds due to the molecular recognition capacity of G-quadruplex aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
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Collie GW, Parkinson GN. The application of DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes to therapeutic medicines. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:5867-92. [PMID: 21789296 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15067g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The intriguing structural diversity in folded topologies available to guanine-rich nucleic acid repeat sequences have made four-stranded G-quadruplex structures the focus of both basic and applied research, from cancer biology and novel therapeutics through to nanoelectronics. Distributed widely in the human genome as targets for regulating gene expression and chromosomal maintenance, they offer unique avenues for future cancer drug development. In particular, the recent advances in chemical and structural biology have enabled the construction of bespoke selective DNA based aptamers to be used as novel therapeutic agents and access to detailed structural models for structure based drug discovery. In this critical review, we will explore the important underlying characteristics of G-quadruplexes that make them functional, stable, and predictable nanoscaffolds. We will review the current structural database of folding topologies, molecular interfaces and novel interaction surfaces, with a consideration to their future exploitation in drug discovery, molecular biology, supermolecular assembly and aptamer design. In recent years the number of potential applications for G-quadruplex motifs has rapidly grown, so in this review we aim to explore the many future challenges and highlight where possible successes may lie. We will highlight the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA folded G-quadruplexes in terms of stability, distribution, and exploitability as small molecule targets. Finally, we will provide a detailed review of basic G-quadruplex geometry, experimental tools used, and a critical evaluation of the application of high-resolution structural biology and its ability to provide meaningful and valid models for future applications (255 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin W Collie
- CRUK Biomolecular Structure Group, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK WC1N 1AX
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48
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Suzuki Y, Yoshikawa Y, Yoshimura SH, Yoshikawa K, Takeyasu K. Unraveling DNA dynamics using atomic force microscopy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 3:574-88. [PMID: 21618449 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The elucidation of structure-function relationships of biological samples has become important issue in post-genomic researches. In order to unveil the molecular mechanisms controlling gene regulations, it is essential to understand the interplay between fundamental DNA properties and the dynamics of the entire molecule. The wide range of applicability of atomic force microscopy (AFM) has allowed us to extract physicochemical properties of DNA and DNA-protein complexes, as well as to determine their topographical information. Here, we review how AFM techniques have been utilized to study DNA and DNA-protein complexes and what types of analyses have accelerated the understanding of the DNA dynamics. We begin by illustrating the application of AFM to investigate the fundamental feature of DNA molecules; topological transition of DNA, length dependent properties of DNA molecules, flexibility of double-stranded DNA, and capability of the formation of non-Watson-Crick base pairing. These properties of DNA are critical for the DNA folding and enzymatic reactions. The technical advancement in the time-resolution of AFM and sample preparation methods enabled visual analysis of DNA-protein interactions at sub-second time region. DNA tension-dependent enzymatic reaction and DNA looping dynamics by restriction enzymes were examined at a nanoscale in physiological environments. Contribution of physical properties of DNA to dynamics of nucleosomes and transition of the higher-order structure of reconstituted chromatin are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Plasma Membrane and Nuclear Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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Duzdevich D, Li J, Whang J, Takahashi H, Takeyasu K, Dryden DTF, Morton AJ, Edwardson JM. Unusual structures are present in DNA fragments containing super-long Huntingtin CAG repeats. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17119. [PMID: 21347256 PMCID: PMC3037965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD), expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat length beyond about 300 repeats induces a novel phenotype associated with a reduction in transcription of the transgene. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We analysed the structure of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-generated DNA containing up to 585 CAG repeats using atomic force microscopy (AFM). As the number of CAG repeats increased, an increasing proportion of the DNA molecules exhibited unusual structural features, including convolutions and multiple protrusions. At least some of these features are hairpin loops, as judged by cross-sectional analysis and sensitivity to cleavage by mung bean nuclease. Single-molecule force measurements showed that the convoluted DNA was very resistant to untangling. In vitro replication by PCR was markedly reduced, and TseI restriction enzyme digestion was also hindered by the abnormal DNA structures. However, significantly, the DNA gained sensitivity to cleavage by the Type III restriction-modification enzyme, EcoP15I. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE "Super-long" CAG repeats are found in a number of neurological diseases and may also appear through CAG repeat instability. We suggest that unusual DNA structures associated with super-long CAG repeats decrease transcriptional efficiency in vitro. We also raise the possibility that if these structures occur in vivo, they may play a role in the aetiology of CAG repeat diseases such as HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Duzdevich
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jinliang Li
- Laragen, Inc., Culver City, California, United States of America
| | - Jhoon Whang
- Laragen, Inc., Culver City, California, United States of America
| | - Hirohide Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plasma Membrane and Nuclear Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kunio Takeyasu
- Laboratory of Plasma Membrane and Nuclear Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - David T. F. Dryden
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A. Jennifer Morton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AJM); (JME)
| | - J. Michael Edwardson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AJM); (JME)
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50
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Wang H, Nora GJ, Ghodke H, Opresko PL. Single molecule studies of physiologically relevant telomeric tails reveal POT1 mechanism for promoting G-quadruplex unfolding. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:7479-89. [PMID: 21183684 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.205641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human telomeres are composed of duplex TTAGGG repeats and a 3' single-stranded DNA tail. The telomeric DNA is protected and regulated by the shelterin proteins, including the protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) protein that binds telomeric single-stranded DNA. The single-stranded tail can fold into G-quadruplex (G4) DNA. Both POT1 and G4 DNA play important roles in regulating telomere length homeostasis. To date, most studies have focused on individual quadruplexes formed by four TTAGGG repeats. Telomeric tails in human cells have on average six times as many repeats, and no structural studies have examined POT1 binding in competition with G4 DNA folding. Using single molecule atomic force microscopy imaging, we observed that the majority of the telomeric tails of 16 repeats formed two quadruplexes even though four were possible. The result that physiological telomeric tails rarely form the maximum potential number of G4 units provides a structural basis for the coexistence of G4 and POT1 on the same DNA molecule, which is observed directly in the captured atomic force microscopy images. We further observed that POT1 is significantly more effective in disrupting quadruplex DNA on long telomeric tails than an antisense oligonucleotide, indicating a novel POT1 activity beyond simply preventing quadruplex folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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