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Powell K, Fox NJ, Bhanbhro S, Chauhan A, Z AG, Jackson K, Paton A, Salway S. Sociologists in public health: marginal observers or mainstream collaborators? Perspect Public Health 2024; 144:72-74. [PMID: 38497921 PMCID: PMC10916339 DOI: 10.1177/17579139231204245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- K Powell
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - NJ Fox
- Department of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - S Bhanbhro
- College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Chauhan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - A Goldschmied Z
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Jackson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Paton
- Centre for Health and Society, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - S Salway
- Department of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Chauhan A, Parmar M, Rajesham JD, Shukla S, Sahoo KC, Chauhan S, Chitiboyina S, Sinha A, Srigana G, Gorla M, Pati S. Landscaping tuberculosis multimorbidity: findings from a cross-sectional study in India. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:453. [PMID: 38350875 PMCID: PMC10863254 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity, the concurrent presence of two or more chronic conditions is an emerging public health challenge. Till date, most of the research have focused on the presence and interaction of selected co-morbidities in tuberculosis (TB). There exist a critical knowledge gap on the magnitude of multimorbidity among TB patients and its impact on health outcomes. METHODS We undertook a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity among newly diagnosed TB patients in two states of India. A total of 323 patients were interviewed using a structured multimorbidity assessment questionnaire for primary care (MAQ-PC). MAQ-PC is already validated for Indian population and elicits 22 chronic conditions. We defined TB multimorbidity as the co-existence of TB with one or more chronic conditions and identified commonly occurring dyads (TB + single condition) and triads (TB + two conditions). RESULTS More than half (52%) of TB patients reported multimorbidity. Among dyads, depression, diabetes mellitus (DM), acid peptic disease (APD), hypertension, chronic alcoholism, arthritis and chronic back ache (CBA) were the most common co-occurring conditions while 'DM + arthritis', 'depression + APD', 'depression + DM' were the most commonly occurring triads among TB patients. Factors such as increasing age, low levels of education, alcohol abusers, drug-resistant TB and having health insurance were significantly associated with multimorbidity among TB patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest high prevalence of multimorbidity among newly diagnosed TB patients in India. The presence of concordant and discordant conditions with TB may increase the health complexity, thus necessitating appropriate care protocols. Given, the current situation, wherein TB and non-communicable diseases (NCD) services are delivered through collaborative framework between programmes, there is a need for addressing multimorbidity at the healthcare delivery level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chauhan
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - M Parmar
- World Health Organization, Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - J D Rajesham
- State Tuberculosis Cell, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S Shukla
- World Health Organization, National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme - Technical Support Network, New Delhi, India
| | - K C Sahoo
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - S Chauhan
- World Health Organization, National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme - Technical Support Network, New Delhi, India
| | - S Chitiboyina
- State TB Training and Demonstration Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - A Sinha
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - G Srigana
- World Health Organization, National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme - Technical Support Network, New Delhi, India
| | - M Gorla
- World Health Organization, National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme - Technical Support Network, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Chauhan A, Bhakhar MK, Goyal P. Serum levels of sclerostin in prediabetes and its correlation with bone mineral density. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:2702-2707. [PMID: 38186786 PMCID: PMC10771157 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1064_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is a major burden globally, more commonly so in developing countries, as its complications are detected relatively late due to underdeveloped healthcare systems. These complications, when detected, are more or less irreversible, thereby leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Among these, complications related to bones (mainly osteoporosis) start fairly early (even in the prediabetes stage) but are less emphasized, nonetheless are major contributors to morbidity in diabetics due to increased fracture risk. One of the novel bone markers recently discovered is sclerostin, which helps in the assessment of the effect of hyperglycemia on bone homeostasis. Bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA scan is a good tool to assess the status of bone health but requires modern expensive radiological equipment. In this study, we wanted to see the correlation of serum levels of sclerostin to BMD so that by a simple serum investigation, early detection of poor bone quality in treatment-naive prediabetics can be done. Objective The aim of the study was to measure serum levels of sclerostin in prediabetics, compare them with normoglycemic controls, and find the correlation of serum levels of sclerostin with BMD. Methods 50 prediabetic patients and 50 age, sex, blood pressure, and BMI-matched controls were recruited in the study. In both the groups, serum levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Vitamin D, fasting insulin, and serum sclerostin levels were measured in both groups using ELISA. The obtained values were compared between the two groups. Bone mineral density is measured by DXA scan in cases and a correlation between BMD and serum levels of sclerostin was observed. Results Serum sclerostin was significantly higher in the cases [18.22 (19.42) ng/ml] compared to the control group [11.08 (4.73) ng/ml] with a P value of 0.013. The mean of BMD in prediabetes is 1.06 g/cm2, T score is - 1.02, and Z score is - 0.59. There was a significant negative correlation between serum sclerostin levels and BMD in prediabetes (r = -0.404, P < 0.001). Conclusion Serum levels of sclerostin are increased in prediabetes and correlate well with low BMD in prediabetes, and can therefore be used for early recognition of osteoporosis and fractures in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Chauhan
- ABVIMS, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Parul Goyal
- ABVIMS, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Akshay D, Chauhan A, Goyal P, Pranesh V. Study of neuregulin-4 levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:2888-2893. [PMID: 38186791 PMCID: PMC10771202 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_265_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neuregulin-4 is a recently recognized adipokine acting as ligands to tyrosine kinases receptor of the Erb B family. This adipose tissue augmented endocrine factor participates in the modulation of lipid and glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. This novel adipokine is associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Objective The study aimed to compare plasma levels of neuregulin-4 in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared to matched controls and to correlate with glycemic and lipid parameters. Materials and Methods 100 newly diagnosed T2DM patients and 100 age, sex, and BMI-matched controls after fulfilling all exclusion and inclusion criteria were included in the study. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting plasma insulin levels were measured in both cases and controls. HOMA-IR values in both groups were calculated using fasting glucose and insulin levels. Results Mean levels of plasma neuregulin-4(pg/mL) in newly diagnosed T2DM were 7949.76 ± 949.76) pg/ml, which was significantly lower as compared to 9143 ±949.76) pg/ml in the control group (P-value <.0001). In the present study, a significant negative correlation was seen between plasma neuregulin-4 (pg/mL) with fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, HbA1C, and HOMA-IR with a correlation coefficient of -0.303, -0.416, -0.433, and -0.514, respectively. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was seen between plasma neuregulin-4 (pg/mL) with HDL with a correlation coefficient of 0.216. A significant negative correlation was seen between plasma neuregulin-4 (pg/mL) and LDL, with a correlation coefficient -0.208. Conclusion Neuregulin levels are significantly lower in diabetics as compared to controls. There levels correlated inversely with HbA1C and HOMA IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Akshay
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Chauhan
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Parul Goyal
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - V Pranesh
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Budhbhatti U, Chauhan A, Bhatt D, Parmar C, Damani V, Patel A, Joshi C. Association of NOTCH4 and ACHE gene polymorphism in Alzheimer's disease of Gujarat cohort. Neurosci Lett 2023; 814:137428. [PMID: 37544578 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting cognitive and behavioral functions. AD is a complex disease resulting from the modest effect of gene interaction and environmental factors, as a result of which the exact pathogenesis is still unknown. AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between variants of 98 targeted genes with Alzheimer's disease phenotype. METHOD A total of 98 genes from 32 AD cases and 11 controls were genotyped using the Haloplex target enrichment method and the PCR-RFLP approach.Association analysis was performed using the PLINK tool to identify the variant significantly associated with AD. Functional enrichment analysis and network analysis was performed using ClueGo and String database respectively. The Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) analysis using the Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) dataset to explore the possible implication of the variant on the expression of one or more genes in different brain regions and whole blood. RESULT Association analysis showed significant association of 19 variant assigned to 16 genes with Alzheimer's with p-value < 0.05 with rs367398/NOTCH4 only variant that passed multiple test corrections. Functional enrichment analysis showed association of these genes with AD. ClueGo and network analysis utilizing the String database suggested that genes are directly and indirectly linked to the AD pathogenesis. eQTL analysis revealed that the rs367398/NOTCH4 and rs1799806/ACHE variant showed significant eQTL for the neighbouring genes. CONCLUSION The present study showed the possible role of 16 genes in AD pathogenesis, especially highlighting the role of rs367398/NOTCH4 and rs1799806/ACHE. However further investigation with large cohort is required to study and validate the implication of these variants in the AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi Budhbhatti
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, India
| | - Ajay Chauhan
- Hospital of Mental Health-Gujarat Institute of Mental Health, Shahibaug, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Deeptiben Bhatt
- Hospital of Mental Health-Gujarat Institute of Mental Health, Shahibaug, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Chirag Parmar
- Hospital of Mental Health-Gujarat Institute of Mental Health, Shahibaug, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Vishalbhai Damani
- Hospital of Mental Health-Gujarat Institute of Mental Health, Shahibaug, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Amrutlal Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, India.
| | - Chaitanya Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, India.
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Kaur S, Parmar C, Gaur V, Chauhan A, Andrade C. The efficacy of oral ketamine in severely depressed patients at high risk of suicide. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 86:103678. [PMID: 37352755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine is most easily and inexpensively administered by the oral route and in racemic form. Oral racemic ketamine may be an important approach to the emergency management of suicide risk in clinical settings, especially in third world countries, that have a limited range of available healthcare resources. METHODS In a prospective, uncontrolled, open-label investigation, we studied 30 severely depressed inpatients who consented to participate in a pilot hospital service offering ketamine for management of high suicide risk. Patients sipped a solution of racemic ketamine (150 mg) across 10-15 min in 3 alternate day sessions. Patients were assessed using the Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation (MSSI), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and Clinical Global Improvement-Severity (CGI-S) scale at baseline and 1 day after the last ketamine session. RESULTS There was statistically and clinically significant improvement on all outcomes. Mean (standard deviation) MSSI scores dropped from 25.1(1.8) to 17.3(5.6), MADRS scores from 28.8(3.4) to 21.9(3.6), and CGI-S scores from 6.0(0.2) to 3.6(0.9). At endpoint, MSSI scores had dropped from severe to low or mild-to-moderate in 67% of patients. The 90 ketamine sessions were uneventful; the treatment was well tolerated and no patient dropped out. CONCLUSION Oral racemic ketamine may be a useful and potentially life-saving approach to the emergency management of severely depressed patients at high risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswinder Kaur
- Department of Psychiatry, Amrita School of Medicine, Haryana 121002, India
| | - Chirag Parmar
- Department of Psychiatry, Gujarat Institute of Mental Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Vikas Gaur
- Department of Psychiatry, Jaipur National University Institute for Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Jaipur, India
| | - Ajay Chauhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Gujarat Institute of Mental Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Chittaranjan Andrade
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560 029, India.
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Pathare S, Joag K, Kalha J, Pandit D, Krishnamoorthy S, Chauhan A, Shields-Zeeman L. Atmiyata, a community champion led psychosocial intervention for common mental disorders: A stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial in rural Gujarat, India. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285385. [PMID: 37289730 PMCID: PMC10249851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While effective lay-health worker models for mental health care have been demonstrated through efficacy trials, there is limited evidence of the effectiveness of these models implemented in rural LMIC settings. AIM To evaluate the impact of a volunteer community-led intervention on reduction in depression and anxiety symptoms and improvement in functioning, and social participation among people living in rural Gujarat, India. METHODS Stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial was used to assess the effectiveness of delivery of psychosocial intervention across 645 villages in Mehsana district of Gujarat, India between April 2017 and August 2019. The primary outcome was an improvement in depression and/or anxiety symptoms assessed using GHQ-12 at 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were improvement in (a) depression and anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire, (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) & Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20); b) quality of life (EQ- 5D); c) functioning (WHO-DAS-12), and social participation (Social Participation Scale SPS). Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the independent effect of the intervention. RESULTS Out of a total of 1191 trial participants (608- intervention & 583-control), 1014 (85%) completed 3-month follow-up. In an adjusted analysis, participants in the intervention condition showed significant recovery from symptoms of depression or anxiety (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.2 to 4.6; p<0.05) at the end of 3-months, with effects sustained at 8-month follow-up (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.6 to 5.9). Intervention participants had improved scores on the PHQ-9 (Adjusted mean difference (AMD) -1.8; 95%CI -3.0 to -0.6), and SRQ-20 (AMD -1.7; 95%CI -2.7 to -0.6), at 3-months and PHQ-9, GAD-7, SRQ-20, EQ-5D and WHO-DAS at 8 months follow-up. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that Atmiyata had a significant effect on recovery from symptoms of depression and anxiety with sustained effects at 8-month follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration details. The trial was registered prospectively with the "Clinical Trial Registry in India" (registry number: CTRI/2017/03/008139).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Pathare
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Pune, India
| | - Kaustubh Joag
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Pune, India
| | - Jasmine Kalha
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Pune, India
| | - Deepa Pandit
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Laura Shields-Zeeman
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute for Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Chatterjee S, Pathare S, Funk M, Drew-Bold N, Das P, Chauhan A, Kalha J, Krishnamoorthy S, Sapag JC, Bobbili SJ, Shah S, Mehta R, Patel A, Gandhi U, Tilwani M, Shah R, Sheth H, Vankar G, Parikh M, Parikh I, Rangaswamy T, Bakshy A, Khenti A. Cost of implementing the QualityRights programme in public hospitals in Gujarat providing mental healthcare. Indian J Med Res 2023; 157:524-532. [PMID: 37530307 PMCID: PMC10466489 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2449_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Investment in mental health is quite meagre worldwide, including in India. The costs of new interventions must be clarified to ensure the appropriate utilization of available resources. The government of Gujarat implemented QualityRights intervention at six public mental health hospitals. This study was aimed to project the costs of scaling up of the Gujarat QualityRights intervention to understand the additional resources needed for a broader implementation. Methods Economic costs of the QualityRights intervention were calculated using an ingredients-based approach from the health systems' perspective. Major activities within the QualityRights intervention included assessment visits, meetings, training of trainers, provision of peer support and onsite training. Results Total costs of implementing the QualityRights intervention varied from Indian Rupees (₹) 0.59 million to ₹ 2.59 million [1United States Dollars (US $) = ₹ 74.132] across six intervention sites at 2020 prices with 69-79 per cent of the cost being time cost. Scaling up the intervention to the entire State of Gujarat would require about two per cent increase in financial investment, or about 7.5 per cent increase in total cost including time costs over and above the costs of usual care for people with mental health conditions in public health facilities across the State. Interpretation & conclusions The findings of this study suggest that human resources were the major cost contributor of the programme. Given the shortage of trained human resources in the mental health sector, appropriate planning during the scale-up phase of the QualityRights intervention is required to ensure all staff members receive the required training, and the treatment is not compromised during this training phase. As only about two per cent increase in financial cost can improve the quality of mental healthcare significantly, the State government can plan for its scale-up across the State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Chatterjee
- Department of Research, George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
- Department of Public Health, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Soumitra Pathare
- Centre for Mental Health Law & Policy, Indian Law Society, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Michelle Funk
- Department of Mental Health & Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Drew-Bold
- Department of Mental Health & Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Palash Das
- Department of Research, George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Chauhan
- Hospital for Mental Health, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Gujarat, Gujarat, India
| | - Jasmine Kalha
- Centre for Mental Health Law & Policy, Indian Law Society, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Jaime C. Sapag
- Department of Research, Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Santiago, Chile
- Division of Clinical Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Public Health & Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sireesha J. Bobbili
- Department of Research, Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandip Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, GMERS Medical College, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ritambhara Mehta
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Animesh Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, Mehesana, Gujarat, India
| | - Upendra Gandhi
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, Mehesana, Gujarat, India
| | - Mahesh Tilwani
- Gujarat Medical Services Class 1, Hospital for Mental Health, Bhuj, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Shah
- Hospital for Mental Health, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitesh Sheth
- Hospital for Mental Health, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ganpat Vankar
- Department of Psychiatry, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Minakshi Parikh
- Department of Psychiatry, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Indravadan Parikh
- Department of Psychiatry, Gujarat Health Services Class I, M.G. General Hospital, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Thara Rangaswamy
- Department of Research, Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Akwatu Khenti
- Department of Research, Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Santiago, Chile
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Sarkar VK, De UK, Kala A, Chauhan A, Verma AK, Paul BR, Soni S, Chaudhuri P, Patra MK, Gaur GK. Effects of oral probiotic and lactoferrin interventions on iron-zinc homeostasis, oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium and diarrhoea incidence of neonatal piglets. Benef Microbes 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37026367 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of early-life host specific probiotic and lactoferrin (LF) supplementations on diarrhoea incidence, iron (Fe)-zinc (Zn) balance and antioxidant capabilities in serum of neonatal piglets. A total of eight sow litters obtained from parity matched sows were randomly divided into four groups and assigned to one of the four interventions: control (2.0 ml normal saline), bovine lactoferrin (bLF) (100 mg bLF in normal saline), probiotic (Pb) (1×109 cfu of swine origin Pediococcus acidilactici FT28 strain) and bLF+Pb (both 100 mg bLF and 1×109 cfu of P. acidilactici FT28). All the piglets received supplementations once daily orally for first 7 days of life. The incidence of diarrhoea markedly decreased in bLF group compared to control group. Notably, no incidences of diarrhoea were recorded in Pb and bLF+Pb groups. The Zn and Fe concentrations were significantly increased from day 7 to 21 in bLF and on day 21 in bLF+Pb group. No such changes were noted in Pb group. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in serum was significantly increased on days 7 and 15 in bLF group and on days 7 and 21 in bLF+Pb group. Malonaldehyde concentration was markedly reduced from day 7 to 21 in bLF and bLF+Pb groups. The concentrations of nitrate on days 15 and 21 and malonaldehyde on day 7 were significantly higher in Pb group, but mean TAC was unaltered from day 0 to 21. Although no correlation between the incidence of diarrhoea and Zn/Fe and oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis was noted in the Pb group, the supplementation of P. acidilactici FT28 alone was sufficient to prevent the incidence of diarrhoea in neonatal piglets. Taken together, it is concluded that strategic supplementation of P. acidilactici FT28 in early life could help in preventing diarrhoea until weaning of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Sarkar
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - U K De
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - A Kala
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - A Chauhan
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - A K Verma
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - B R Paul
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - S Soni
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - P Chaudhuri
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - M K Patra
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - G K Gaur
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
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Chauhan A, Gupta A, Goyal P, Kumar T. Serum Levels of Activin A: Predictor of Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis in Prediabetics. J Assoc Physicians India 2023; 71:11-12. [PMID: 37354506 DOI: 10.5005/japi-11001-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological effects of dysglycemia and insulin resistance on atherosclerosis and cardiac remodeling starts as early as in the prediabetic state before the onset of overt diabetes. Activin A is a molecule with multiple functions, including an important part in glucose homeostatic mechanisms as well as inflammatory processes and is therefore being researched as a useful novel biomarker for prompt recognition of the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in prediabetic individuals, thereby helping in disease prognostication and early institution of therapeutic measuresObjective: The study aimed to measure serum levels of activin A in prediabetic patients and evaluate them in comparison to normoglycemic controls. The association of activin A with carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), and homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was also studiedMaterials and methods: A total of 60 prediabetic cases and 60 normoglycemic control subjects [matched as per age, gender, and body mass index (BMI)] were recruited. Measurement of serum glucose levels (fasting and postprandial) and fasting insulin levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were done in all the subjects. The values of HOMA-IR were computed using established formulae. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used for the evaluation of serum levels of activin A in both groups. Parameters for the two groups were compared. In the cases, CIMT (using B-mode ultrasound) and LVDD (using two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography) were measured and correlated with activin A levelsResults: Serum fasting insulin (mIU/L) was considerably higher in cases than in the controls (p < 0.001). HOMA-IR median [interquartile range (IQR)] was 4 (3.25-4.93) in some cases, and that in the control group was 1.2 (0.88-1.5) (p < 0.001). Serum activin A levels in the cases group had a median (IQR) of 263.55 (227.1-279.5) ng/mL, which was substantially greater as compared to the control group 159.9 (150.7-178.7) ng/mL (p < 0.001). A significant positive association of serum activin A levels with HOMA-IR (ρ = 0.75, p < 0.001) and CIMT (ρ = 0.50, p < 0.001) was found. In LVDD grade I and II groups, the serum levels of activin A were 257.86 (219.3-271.2) ng/mL and 269 (244.19-291.5) ng/mL, respectively (p = 0.12)Conclusion: A substantial proportion of morbidity and mortality related to dysglycemic states can be attributed to cardiovascular complications. Elevated levels of activin A in prediabetes can act as an indicator of subclinical CVD leading to early diagnosis and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tarun Kumar
- Professor, Department of Cardiology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences & Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Delhi, India
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Bhateja A, Bodh V, Chauhan A. Role of nutrition in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: Do we know all? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:664. [PMID: 36680787 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Bhateja
- Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - V Bodh
- Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - A Chauhan
- Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
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Gaganidze E, Chauhan A, Aktaa J. Corrigendum to ‘Fracture-mechanical behaviour of ITER grade tungsten subjected to three different rolling processes’. Fusion Engineering and Design 184 (2022) 113300. Fusion Engineering and Design 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gaganidze E, Chauhan A, Aktaa J. Fracture-mechanical behaviour of ITER grade tungsten subjected to three different rolling processes. Fusion Engineering and Design 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rastogi M, Gandhi A, Khurana R, Poojari A, Srivastava S, Srivastava A, Bharati A, Mishra S, Chauhan A. Prospective Evaluation of Role of Hybrid Approach Brachytherapy with MRI Only at First Fraction Followed by CT Based IGBT in Subsequent Sessions in Cervical Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Chow Z, Johnson J, Chauhan A, Izumi T, Cavnar M, Weiss H, Anthony L, Evers B, Rychahou P. Inhibition of Ribonucleotide Reductase Subunit 2 (RRM2) Induces Radiosensitization in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Chauhan A, Gupta A, Goyal P, Kumar T. Serum levels of Activin A: Marker of insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in prediabetics. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:5983-5989. [PMID: 36618207 PMCID: PMC9810948 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_128_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A substantial proportion of health burden in diabetic individuals can be attributed to cardiovascular complications. The increasing risk of cardiovascular complications along the spectrum of dysglycemia warrants the need to devise novel markers for early assessment and management. Activin A is a multifunctional cytokine with an important role in glucose homeostasis and vascular diseases. It can thus serve as a guide for early identification of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in prediabetes. Objective The aim of the study was to measure serum levels of activin A in prediabetics, compare them with normoglycemic controls and find the correlation of activin A with markers of insulin resistance such as the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Methods Sixty prediabetic patients and similar age-, sex-, blood pressure-, and BMI-matched controls were recruited in the study. In both groups, serum levels of fasting blood glucose and post prandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting insulin were measured. HOMA-IR values were calculated. Serum activin A levels were measured in both groups using ELISA. The obtained values were compared between the two groups. Results The median (IQR) of s. fasting insulin (mIU/L) in the case group was 15.3 (12.2-18.62) which was significantly higher than that in the control group, which was 6 (4.2-7.3). The median (IQR) of s. activin A (ng/mL) in the case group was 263.55 (227.18-279.56) which was significantly higher than that in the control group, which was 159.9 (150.73-178.75) (P < 0.001). There was a very strong positive correlation of s. activin A (ng/mL) with s. fasting insulin (mIU/L) and HOMA-IR (rho = 0.67 and 0.75, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusion Activin A, if combined with other atherosclerotic markers, might improve the assessment of insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in prediabetics and lead to focus on lifestyle modifications and preventive medical therapy, thereby contributing to the prevention of CVD-related mortality and morbidity in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Chauhan
- Department of Medicine, ABVIMS Dr. RML Hospital, R. No. 104, Academic Block, PGI Building, RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Asmita Gupta
- Department of Medicine, ABVIMS Dr. RML Hospital, R. No. 104, Academic Block, PGI Building, RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Goyal
- Department of Medicine, ABVIMS Dr. RML Hospital, R. No. 104, Academic Block, PGI Building, RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Department of Medicine, ABVIMS Dr. RML Hospital, R. No. 104, Academic Block, PGI Building, RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Chauhan
- Internal Medicine, Dr Rajinder Prasad Govt. Medical College Tanda Kangra Himachal Pradesh India, Distt. Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev Sandal
- Radiotherapy and Oncology, Indira Gandhi Medical College Cancer Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Kundan Mishra
- Internal Medicine, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
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Labana UK, Mehta N, Patel Y, Patel MV, Chauhan A. Ilioinguinal Nerve Neurectomy vs Nerve Preservation in Lichtenstein Tension Free Mesh Hernioplasty: A Randomised Clinical Trial at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. J Clin Diagn Res 2022. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2022/56991.16871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: A Lichtenstein tension-free mesh hernioplasty is the most commonly performed surgery for an inguinal hernia. Chronic inguinodynia is the most prevalent surgical complication, with a 25% overall incidence. The second most common complication is hypoesthesia. Ilioinguinal neurectomy has been proven in several studies to alleviate chronic inguinodynia. Aim: To compare the postoperative inguinal pain and aesthesia in Ilioinguinal Nerve (IIN) preservation patients with neurectomy patients in Lichtenstein tension-free mesh hernioplasty. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial was conducted at GMCH, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India during January 2020 to June 2021 on 70 individuals (35 in each group). The IIN was excised in group A, while it was preserved in group B. Pain and aesthesia was assessed at day seven, one month and three month follow-up. Chi-square test was used for data analysis. A p-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age of the study sample was 55.95±15.61 years in group A and 55.4±17.22 years in group B. At Postoperative Day-7 (POD-7), 33 (94.28%) patients in group A and 18 (51.43%) patients in group B reported mild pain after vigorous activity, whereas 2 (5.71%) patients in group A and 15 (42.8%) patients in group B reported moderate pain after vigorous activity, and 2 (5.7%) patients in group B reported severe pain after vigorous activity. At POD-7, 2 (5.7%) patients in group A reported hypoaesthesia, out of them only 1 (2.85%) patient reported hypoaesthesia at one month and at three months of follow-up, whereas no patients in group B reported hypoaesthesia at POD-7, one month, or three months of follow-up. Conclusion: It was evident in this study that prophylactic ilioinguinal neurectomy resulted in considerable reduction in incidence of post operative neuralgia, compared to nerve preservation.
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Chauhan A, Singhal A, Goyal P. TG/HDL Ratio: A marker for insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in prediabetics or not? J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:3700-3705. [PMID: 34934668 PMCID: PMC8653431 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_165_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The spectrum of Diabetes Mellitus and various complications associated with it have been regarded as major global health challenges. Raised TG/HDL has been regarded as one of the valid markers for Insulin resistance. It leads to increased risk of CVD by causing Insulin resistance and also by its own effect on the vessel wall. Detection of raised TG/HDL ratio and early intervention before the patients develop clinical disease can help in mitigation of future consequences of CVD. Aims: The aim of our study was to compare TG/HDL ratio between prediabetics and controls and further to look for any correlation between the TG/HDL ratio value with HOMA-IR and Carotid Intima Media Thickness (CIMT) in prediabetics. Settings and Designs: A cross sectional study Methods and Material: Study was done at ABVIMS and Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi. 60 prediabetics and 60 age, sex, BMI matched controls were employed. In both cases and controls fasting and postprandial blood glucose, glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) and fasting Insulin levels were measured. HOMA-IR values in both the groups were calculated using fasting glucose and Insulin levels. Serum lipid profile was obtained and TG/HDL ratio was analysed in two groups. Values obtained were compared between the two groups. CIMT was only measured in cases using B mode ultrasonography. Statistical Analysis and Results: Median (IQR) of fasting plasma Insulin (μIU/ml) in cases was 11.3 (10.175-13.505) versus that in controls being 5.73 (4.3-7.1). HOMA-IR (IQR) values in cases and controls were 3.12 (2.73 - 3.595) and 1.21 (0.918 – 1.505) respectively. Median (IQR) for TG/HDL ratio was 3.26 (2.712 – 4) for cases and 2.05 (1.755- 2.502) for controls. However no correlation was observed between either the mean CIMT (mm) or HOMA-IR with TG/HDL ratio. Conclusions: Diabetes Mellitus and its various complications are of a great burden to society. Diagnosing the risk factors early before the onset of these manifestations can help us in combating these major issues. One of the risk factors among them is raised TG/HDL ratio. Early detection of elevated TG/HDL in prediabetics may serve in early detection of atherosclerotic complications and help physicians in framing primary preventive strategies for tackling ASCVD in patients with prediabetes and full-blown Diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Chauhan
- Department of Medicine, ABVIMS, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayushi Singhal
- Department of Medicine, ABVIMS, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Goyal
- Department of Medicine, ABVIMS, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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20
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Singh SK, Chauhan A, Swain B. A rare case of nephrotic syndrome with chylothorax. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:3498-3501. [PMID: 34760780 PMCID: PMC8565148 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2605_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chylothorax is an infrequent cause of pleural effusion that is most commonly caused by the obstruction or disruption of the thoracic duct. Chylothorax is rare in nephrotic syndrome. Unilateral chylothorax of the right side is due to the transdiaphragmatic shunting of chylous ascites. It is usually transient and self-limiting but a massive chylothorax requiring therapeutic thoracentesis can also be encountered. Here, we present a rare cause of chylous ascites–nephrotic syndrome resulting in chylothorax, where initially therapeutic thoracentesis is done followed by the management of nephrotic syndrome with modified Ponticelli regimen. This case highlights the need to consider chylous ascites as a cause of chylothorax via transdiaphragmatic shunting in patients with nephrotic syndrome to institute the appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh K Singh
- Department of Medicine, ABVIMS Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Chauhan
- Department of Medicine, ABVIMS Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Bishakha Swain
- Department of Medicine, ABVIMS Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
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21
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Mehrotra A, Bhushan B, Kumar A, Panigrahi M, Chauhan A, Kumari S, Saini BL, Dutt T, Mishra BP. Characterisation and comparison of immune response mechanisms in an indigenous and a commercial pig breed after classical swine fever vaccination. Anim Genet 2021; 53:68-79. [PMID: 34729794 DOI: 10.1111/age.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The live attenuated classical swine fever (CSF) vaccine has been successfully used to prevent and control CSF outbreaks for 6 decades. However, the immune response mechanisms against the vaccine remain poorly understood. Moreover, very few reports exist regarding the breed differences in the response to CSF vaccine. In this study, we generated the peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptomes of indigenous Ghurrah and commercial Landrace pig breeds, before and 7 days after CSF vaccination. Subsequently, between and within-breed differential gene expression analyses were carried out. Results revealed large differences in pre-vaccination peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptome profiles of the two breeds, which were homogenised 7 days after vaccination. Before vaccination, gene set enrichment analysis showed that pathways related to antigen sensing and innate immune response were enriched in Ghurrah, while pathways related to adaptive immunity were enriched in Landrace. Ghurrah exhibited greater immunomodulation compared to Landrace following the vaccination. In Ghurrah, cell-cycle processes and T-cell response pathways were upregulated after vaccination. However, no pathways were upregulated in Landrace after vaccination. Pathways related to inflammation were downregulated in both the breeds after vaccination. Key regulators of inflammation such as IL1A, IL1B, NFKBIA and TNF genes were strongly downregulated in both the breeds after vaccination. Overall, our results have elucidated the mechanisms of host immune response against CSF vaccination in two distinct breeds and revealed common key genes instrumental in the global immune response to the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mehrotra
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - B Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - M Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - A Chauhan
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - S Kumari
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - B L Saini
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - T Dutt
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - B P Mishra
- Animal Biotechnology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
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Singhal A, Chauhan A, Goyal P, Taneja A. Transthyretin - A Novel Biomarker for Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis Risk in Prediabetics. J Assoc Physicians India 2021; 69:11-12. [PMID: 34781605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare serum levels of Transthyretin in prediabetics and controls and to correlate levels of same with HOMA-IR and mean CIMT Method: It was a case control study in which 60 prediabetic patients and 60 controls (age, sex, BMI matched) were employed. Plasma levels of glucose (fasting and postprandial), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum levels of insulin (fasting) were measured in both cases and controls. HOMA-IR values in both the groups were calculated using fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin levels. Serum Transthyretin levels were measured using ELISA. The values obtained were compared between cases and controls. In cases, obtained serum levels of Transthyretin were correlated with HOMA-IR values and mean CIMT (measured in cases only using B-mode ultrasonography). RESULTS Median (IQR) of serum levels of insulin (fasting in µIU/ml) in cases {11.3 (10.175-13.505)} was significantly higher than that of controls {5.73 (4.3-7.1)}. HOMA-IR median (IQR) in cases and controls was 3.12 (2.73-3.595) and 1.21(0.918- 1.505) respectively. Median (IQR) for serum levels of Transthyretin was also significantly higher in cases as compared to controls [46.74 (30.43-81.225) and 22.38 (16.628-27.89) respectively]. Significant positive correlations were observed between serum levels of Transthyretin with both HOMA-IR and mean CIMT (with correlation coefficients being 0.288 and 0.536 respectively). Univariate linear regression analysis showed that with increase in serum Transthyretin by 1 mg/ dl, mean CIMT increases by 0.001 mm. CONCLUSION Individuals with impaired glucose tolerance have been found to have increased risk of atherosclerosis as compared to normoglycemics after excluding other risk factors. Assessment for the risk of same with the help of novel markers can help in diagnosis and intervention at an early stage and thereby preventing risk of further complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Singhal
- Post Graduate Resident of Medicine, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi
| | | | - Parul Goyal
- Professor of Biochemistry, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi
| | - Anil Taneja
- Professor of Radiodiagnosis, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi
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Nutalapati S, Yan D, Morgan R, Chauhan A. P63.14 Three Weekly Irinotecan for Refractory/Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Curzen N, Nicholas Z, Stuart B, Wilding S, Hill K, Shambrook J, Eminton Z, Ball D, Barrett C, Johnson L, Nuttall J, Fox K, Connolly D, O'Kane P, Hobson A, Chauhan A, Uren N, Mccann GP, Berry C, Carter J, Roobottom C, Mamas M, Rajani R, Ford I, Douglas P, Hlatky MA. Fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography coronary angiography in the assessment and management of stable chest pain: the FORECAST randomized trial. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:3844-3852. [PMID: 34269376 PMCID: PMC8648068 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) using computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) determines both the presence of coronary artery disease and vessel-specific ischaemia. We tested whether an evaluation strategy based on FFRCT would improve economic and clinical outcomes compared with standard care. Methods and results Overall, 1400 patients with stable chest pain in 11 centres were randomized to initial testing with CTCA with selective FFRCT (experimental group) or standard clinical care pathways (standard group). The primary endpoint was total cardiac costs at 9 months. Secondary endpoints were angina status, quality of life, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, and use of invasive coronary angiography. Randomized groups were similar at baseline. Most patients had an initial CTCA: 439 (63%) in the standard group vs. 674 (96%) in the experimental group, 254 of whom (38%) underwent FFRCT. Mean total cardiac costs were higher by £114 (+8%) in the experimental group, with a 95% confidence interval from −£112 (−8%) to +£337 (+23%), though the difference was not significant (P = 0.10). Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events did not differ significantly (10.2% in the experimental group vs. 10.6% in the standard group) and angina and quality of life improved to a similar degree over follow-up in both randomized groups. Invasive angiography was reduced significantly in the experimental group (19% vs. 25%, P = 0.01). Conclusion A strategy of CTCA with selective FFRCT in patients with stable angina did not differ significantly from standard clinical care pathways in cost or clinical outcomes, but did reduce the use of invasive coronary angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Curzen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton.,Coronary Research Group, University Hospital Southampton
| | - Z Nicholas
- Coronary Research Group, University Hospital Southampton
| | - B Stuart
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton
| | - S Wilding
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton
| | - K Hill
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton
| | - J Shambrook
- Cardiothoracic Radiology, University Hospital Southampton
| | - Z Eminton
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton
| | - D Ball
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton
| | - C Barrett
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton
| | - L Johnson
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton
| | - J Nuttall
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton
| | - K Fox
- Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - P O'Kane
- Dorset Heart Centre, University Hospitals Dorset, Bournemouth
| | - A Hobson
- Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth
| | | | - N Uren
- Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh
| | - G P Mccann
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - C Berry
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - J Carter
- University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton on Tees
| | | | - M Mamas
- Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent
| | - R Rajani
- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital, London
| | - I Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
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Chauhan A, Singhal A, Goyal P, Taneja A. Serum Retinol Binding Protein-4 Levels in Prediabetics - Novel Biomarker of Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis. J Assoc Physicians India 2021; 69:11-12. [PMID: 34431270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both diabetics and prediabetics. In insulin resistant states, increased levels of various adipose derived cytokine (adipokine) have been found to have an important role in the process of atherosclerosis. One such novel adipokine is RBP4, (belonging to lipokalin family) which also by exerting an inflammatory process has a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and CVD.. Early detection of all these inflammatory cytokines may immensely help us in prognosticating the pace of disease besides instituting early interventional manuevers. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare serum levels of RBP4 in prediabetics and controls and to correlate levels of RBP4 with HOMA-IR and CIMT. METHODS 60 prediabetic patients and 60 age, sex, BMI matched controls were employed in the case control study. In both cases and controls serum levels of fasting and postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting insulin levels were measured. HOMA-IR values in both the groups were calculated using fasting glucose and insulin levels. Serum RBP4 levels were measured using ELISA. The values obtained were compared between cases and controls. CIMT was only measured in cases using B-mode ultrasonography. RESULTS Median (IQR) of fasting plasma insulin levels (uIU/ml)in cases was 11.3 (10.175-13.505) versus that of controls which was 5.73 (4.3-7.1). HOMA-IR median (IQR) in cases and controls was 3.12 (2.73-3.595) and 1.21(0.918-1.505) respectively. Median (IQR) for RBP4 in cases was 67.4 (46.166-111.088) which was significantly higher as compared to controls 33.92 (23.902-52.45). Significant positive correlation was seen between RBP4 with both, HOMA-IR and mean CIMT with correlation coefficients of 0.3693 and 0.621 respectively. On performing univariate linear regression analysis it was found that with increase in serum RBP4 levels by 1 mg/L, HOMA-IR and mean CIMT significantly increased by 0.007 units and 0.001 mm respectively. METHODS 60 prediabetic patients and 60 age, sex, BMI matched controls were employed in the case control study. In both cases and controls serum levels of fasting and postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting insulin levels were measured. HOMA-IR values in both the groups were calculated using fasting glucose and insulin levels. Serum RBP4 levels were measured using ELISA. The values obtained were compared between cases and controls. CIMT was only measured in cases using B-mode ultrasonography. CONCLUSION Prediabetics have been found to have more risk of cardiovascular events as compared to normoglycemics. Early assessment of the same with the use of novel biomarkers like RBP4 can be considered for early detection of atherosclerosis in prediabetic individuals. It may further help in early intervention and thus prevention from future complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Chauhan
- Professor of Medicine, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi
| | - Ayushi Singhal
- PG Resident of Medicine, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi
| | - Parul Goyal
- Professor of Biochemistry,ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi
| | - Anil Taneja
- Professor of Radiodiagnosis, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi
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Chauhan A, Jandial A, Mishra K, Sandal R. Acute arthritis, skin rash and Lofgren's syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/6/e239239. [PMID: 34099443 PMCID: PMC8186550 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is an autoimmune multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology, which mainly affects the adults in the age group of 20–39 years. The disease can affect any organ in the body but mainly presents as bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, pulmonary infiltrates, cutaneous lesions, ocular manifestations and arthropathy. Lofgren’s syndrome is an uncommon initial presentation of sarcoidosis which is recognised by the classical triad of acute arthritis, erythema nodosum and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. We describe a newly diagnosed case of sarcoidosis who presented as Lofgren’s syndrome. Acute sarcoid arthritis should be kept as one of the differential diagnoses for patients presenting with acute arthritis and skin lesions; and chest X-ray should be considered to rule out bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy in these patients. Early suspicion and identification of classical clinical features are essential to establish early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Chauhan
- Internal Medicine, Dr Rajinder Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Jandial
- Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kundan Mishra
- Internal Medicine, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Sandal
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, IGMC, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Scrub typhus is a zoonosis, which usually manifests as an acute febrile illness. It is caused by a rickettsia, Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is endemic in the Asian region. It can present with varied clinical manifestations, ranging from acute febrile illness to life-threatening multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Central nervous system involvement in the form of altered sensorium and/or meningitis is frequently observed in scrub typhus. However, isolated cranial nerve involvement is uncommon and so far only a few such cases have been reported in the literature. We present a rare case of scrub typhus with fever and diplopia at presentation, which completely improved with doxycycline-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Chauhan
- Internal Medicine, Civil Hospital, Baddi, Distt Solan, Distt Bilaspur, India
| | - Aditya Jandial
- Department of Internal Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kundan Mishra
- Internal Medicine, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Sandal
- Radiotherapy and Oncology, Indira Gandhi Medical College Cancer Hospital, Shimla, India
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Dattani A, Chauhan A, Dave R, Messahel A. 126 White-Eyed Blowout Fracture in The Paediatric Patient Thought to Be A Head Injury – A Missed Diagnosis. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
White eyed blowout fracture or ‘trapdoor fracture’ is an orbital floor injury caused by blunt force trauma directly to the orbit causing ocular muscle entrapment between fractured bones of the floor of the orbit. It is most commonly encountered in the paediatric patient population and presents acutely with little to no periorbital signs of injury. This serious diagnosis is frequently missed at initial presentation due to a lack of obvious soft tissue pathology, termed “White Eyed” blow out fracture. It is frequently misdiagnosed as a head injury due to presenting nausea and vomiting and failure to examine eye movements.
The authors present a case of a 15-year-old male who suffered blunt force trauma to the orbit and a white eyed blowout fracture ensued. This was not identified in the emergency department and the patient consequently suffered permanent motility deficit of the globe. We outline recommendations for emergency department practitioners to help identify such presentations and see their timely surgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dattani
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Chauhan
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Dave
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - A Messahel
- Princess Royal Hospital, Telford, Telford, United Kingdom
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Pathare S, Funk M, Drew Bold N, Chauhan A, Kalha J, Krishnamoorthy S, Sapag JC, Bobbili SJ, Kawade R, Shah S, Mehta R, Patel A, Gandhi U, Tilwani M, Shah R, Sheth H, Vankar G, Parikh M, Parikh I, Rangaswamy T, Bakshy A, Khenti A. Systematic evaluation of the QualityRights programme in public mental health facilities in Gujarat, India. Br J Psychiatry 2021; 218:196-203. [PMID: 31218972 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2019.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognising the significant extent of poor-quality care and human rights issues in mental health, the World Health Organization launched the QualityRights initiative in 2013 as a practical tool for implementing human rights standards including the United Nations Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) at the ground level. AIMS To describe the first large-scale implementation and evaluation of QualityRights as a scalable human rights-based approach in public mental health services in Gujarat, India. METHOD This is a pragmatic trial involving implementation of QualityRights at six public mental health services chosen by the Government of Gujarat. For comparison, we identified three other public mental health services in Gujarat that did not receive the QualityRights intervention. RESULTS Over a 12-month period, the quality of services provided by those services receiving the QualityRights intervention improved significantly. Staff in these services showed substantially improved attitudes towards service users (effect sizes 0.50-0.17), and service users reported feeling significantly more empowered (effect size 0.07) and satisfied with the services offered (effect size 0.09). Caregivers at the intervention services also reported a moderately reduced burden of care (effect size 0.15). CONCLUSIONS To date, some countries are hesitant to reforming mental health services in line with the CRPD, which is partially attributable to a lack of knowledge and understanding about how this can be achieved. This evaluation shows that QualityRights can be effectively implemented even in resource-constrained settings and has a significant impact on the quality of mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Pathare
- Consultant Psychiatrist and Director, Centre for Mental Health Law & Policy, Indian Law Society, India
| | - Michelle Funk
- Co-ordinator, Mental Health Policy & Service Development, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Drew Bold
- Technical Officer, Mental Health Policy & Service Development, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Switzerland
| | - Ajay Chauhan
- Consultant Psychiatrist and State Nodal Officer, Hospital for Mental Health, Ahmedabad, India & Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Gujarat, India
| | - Jasmine Kalha
- Program Manager and Research Fellow, Centre for Mental Health Law & Policy, Indian Law Society, India
| | | | - Jaime C Sapag
- Associate Professor, Office of Transformative Global Health, Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Canada; Division of Public Health & Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile; and Division of Clinical Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Sireesha J Bobbili
- Project Manager, Office of Transformative Global Health, Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Canada
| | - Rama Kawade
- Co-ordinator of Data Management and Analysis, Centre for Mental Health Law & Policy, Indian Law Society, India
| | - Sandeep Shah
- Professor of Psychiatry and Head, Department of Psychiatry, GMERS Medical College, Gotri, Vadodara, India
| | - Ritambhara Mehta
- Professor of Psychiatry and Head, Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Surat, India
| | - Animesh Patel
- Consultant Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, Mehesana, India
| | - Upendra Gandhi
- Assistant Director, Medical Services, General Hospital, Mehesana, India
| | - Mahesh Tilwani
- Psychiatrist, Gujarat medical services Class 1, Hospital for Mental Health, Bhuj, India
| | - Rakesh Shah
- Psychiatrist and Superintendent, Hospital for Mental Health, Vadodara, India
| | - Hitesh Sheth
- Psychiatrist, Gujarat Health Services, Class I, Hospital for Mental Health, Jamnagar, India
| | - Ganpat Vankar
- Professor of Psychiatry and Head, Department of Psychiatry, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Minakshi Parikh
- Professor of Psychiatry and Head, Department of Psychiatry, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Indravadan Parikh
- Psychiatrist, Gujarat Health Services, Class I, Department of Psychiatry, M G General Hospital, India
| | - Thara Rangaswamy
- Vice-Chairman and Chair, Research, Schizophrenia Research Foundation, India
| | | | - Akwatu Khenti
- Senior Scientist, Director of the Office of Transformative Global Health, Office of Transformative Global Health, Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Canada
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Chanda A, Chauhan A, Kaur P, Soni A, Sehgal S, Khurana A, Parkash O, Verma Y. P37.11 Assessment of Plasma D-Dimer as a Predictive Biomarker for Treatment Response in Lung Cancer Treated with Radiation Therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chauhan A, Chanda A, Kaur P, Soni A, Sehgal S, Khurana A, Verma Y, Parkash O. P30.06 Outcome Differences Amongst Histopathological Variants of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Palliative Radiotherapy. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Saha S, Chauhan A, Hamlai M, Saiyad V, Makwana S, Shah K, Pandya A. Unique collaboration of modern medicine and traditional faith-healing for the treatment of mental illness: Best practice from Gujarat. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:521-526. [PMID: 34017781 PMCID: PMC8132752 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_979_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Modern psychiatry brings tremendous value to the treatment of mental illness, however, at times is inadequate in providing holistic care within a patient's broader cultural framework. Traditional healing and modern psychiatry together offer a comprehensive, patient-centred approach to treatment, which encompass a patient's spiritual and religious beliefs. In this context, “Dava-Dua” intervention—combination of psychiatric medicine and faith healing—is implemented by the Government of Gujarat at Mira Data Dargah in Mehsana District. The study assesses intervention outcomes, understand implementation challenges and patients' perspectives on the treatment. Methods: Using a multi-method research approach, case records from July 2008 to March 2018 were retrieved for secondary analysis of patients' profile and outcomes; 26 patients from three groups: Dava, Dua and Dava-Dua; and 6 mental health service providers were interviewed to assess perspectives of patients and service providers on mental health, implementation barriers and facilitators. Results: Despite some implementation challenges, the findings indicate that collaboration of modern psychiatry medicine and faith-based treatment practices certainly benefit patients with otherwise limited access to mental health care thereby protects human rights of patients. Conclusion: Dava-Dua model compliments existing primary healthcare services. It provides an access to modern medicine without compromising patients' religious and spiritual practices. It has the potential to scale-up and replicate where faith-healing is the prime treatment modality to cure mental illness provided implementation challenges are proactively addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somen Saha
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ajay Chauhan
- Hospital for Mental Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | | | - Komal Shah
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Chauhan A, Gupta A, Suguna K, Shukla S, Goyal P. Hyponatremic Unconsciousness as a Presenting Symptom of COVID-19: A Case Series. J Clin Diagn Res 2021. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2021/50139.15214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The novel Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can present with a multitude of clinical symptoms. The virus, disease symptomatology, pathogenesis and complications are being studied and new concepts are evolving rapidly. The current worldwide situation caused by the disease makes it exceedingly important to recognise varied presentations of the disease. Three cases are being discussed hereby, wherein the patients presented with altered sensorium secondary to hyponatremia as the initial and only presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in the absence of fever or any respiratory involvement. Acute symptomatic hyponatremia is an under-recognised presentation with only a few cases reported till date and needs further awareness and understanding.
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Bhattacharya A, Chauhan A, Singhal A. The Great Masquerade: A Rare Presentation of Spinal Tuberculoma. J Clin Diagn Res 2021. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2021/50136.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spinal tuberculomas form a meagre fraction of cases of Tuberculosis (TB). Most common presentation of spinal tuberculoma is weakness. A 45-year-old female presented with dysthesias, gait instability and numbness involving both lower limbs for a period of 7-10 days. Patient was vitally stable (blood pressure of 128/78 mm of Hg, pulse rate of 86 beats per minute and respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute with a normal pattern), alert and co-operative. Neurological examination suggested non length dependant sensory involvement of lower limbs, sensory ataxia and areflexia, level of lesion being at the Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) (sensory neuronopathy). Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CEMRI) spine revealed tuberculoma at D9 spinal level. Patient responded to Antitubercular Therapy (ATT) and recovered. The intention of sharing the clinical experience is with the sole purpose of remembering the fact that common pathologies may at times be great mimickers. In the present case, while a lot of rare causes (autoimmune, neoplastic) were searched for, tuberculoma happened to be the culprit.
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Rahme J, Rajkomar A, Larach JT, Chauhan A, Smart P, Warrier S. Robotic abdominoperineal resection and posterior vaginectomy - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:2345. [PMID: 32780504 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Rahme
- General Surgery, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Rajkomar
- Department of Surgery, Epworth Freemasons, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J T Larach
- Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Chauhan
- Plastics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Smart
- Surgery, Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Warrier
- Colorectal Department, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ramesh P, Chauhan A, Goyal P, Singh A. H-FABP: A beacon of hope for prediabetic heart disease. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3421-3428. [PMID: 33102307 PMCID: PMC7567222 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_296_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prediabetes is increasingly being studied in the context of its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Besides raised HbA1c and sugar levels, the major underlying defect seems to be insulin resistance (IR). Subclinical atherosclerosis, measured by high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) and carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) underlies the pathogenesis of CVD in prediabetes. Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP), a novel cardiac biomarker also might have a role in predictin prediabetic heart disease. Aims: The aim of the study is to compare serum levels of H-FABP in prediabetics and controls and correlate them with the atherosclerotic markers, hsCRP and CIMT. Setting and Design: 50 prediabetic patients and 50 age, sex and BMI matched controls were employed in the case control study. Serum F & PPBS, (HbA1c), fasting insulin levels were measured in cases and controls. Serum H-FABP was measured in both cases and controls. All cases and controls were subjected to bilateral CIMT measurements and Serum hsCRP levels. The values were compared between both the groups and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. Statistical Analysis Used: Categorical variables were presented in number and percentage (%) and continuous variables were presented as mean ± SD and median. Normality of data was tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. If the normality was rejected then non parametric test was used. Quantitative variables were compared using Independent t test/Mann-Whitney Test (when the data sets were not normally distributed) between the two groups. Qualitative variables were correlated using Chi-Square test/Fisher's Exact test. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to find out the correlation of various parameters with each other. Univariate linear regression was used to find out the cause and effect relationship between various parameters. A p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: The mean serum levels of H-FABP among cases and controls were 6.38± 2.76ng/ml and 3.24 ± 2.47 ng/ml respectively (p <0.0001). Mean CIMT was found to be higher in prediabetics (0.59 ± 0.11 mm ) compared to controls (0.45 ± 0.07mm) (p<0.0001). Serum hsCRP levels were also statistically higher in prediabetics (5.75± 4.16 mg/l) then that of controls (1.86± 1.67 mg/l) (p <0.0001). The correlations of the two variables, hsCRP and CIMT with H-FABP were both strongly positive (r = 0.687) & (r = 0.779) respectively [both cases (p < 0.0001)]. Conclusion: The novel cardiac biomarker H-FAPB might be a good predictor of cardiovascular risks in prediabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay Chauhan
- Professor of Medicine, PGIMER, Dr. RMLH, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Goyal
- Professor of Biochemistry, PGIMER, Dr. RMLH, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Department of Medicine, PGIMER, Dr. RMLH, New Delhi, India
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Singh A, Chauhan A, Padole V, Chhabra D, Upneja R. The great masquerader: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to cytomegalovirus infection in an immunocompetent young man. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3762-3765. [PMID: 33102367 PMCID: PMC7567245 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_274_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, poorly recognized and underdiagnosed syndrome of excessive immune activation, which is rapidly fatal. HLH can occur as a familial or secondary disorder. Secondary HLH is most commonly associated with infections, malignancies, or autoimmune diseases. It primarily affects patients with a compromised immune system and rarely presents in immunocompetent individuals. Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) associated HLH in the immunocompetent individual is extremely rare and only documented in five case reports till date. We, hereby, report a case of 18 years old young immunocompetent man who was diagnosed to have HLH secondary to CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Singh
- Department of Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Chauhan
- Department of Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaibhav Padole
- Department of Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Devyani Chhabra
- Department of Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Raghav Upneja
- Department of Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Chauhan A, Guliani A. Hemorrhagic Bullous Lesions in the Oral Cavity. Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Civil Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Guliani
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Civil Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
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39
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Chauhan A, Bhatt A. Role of AKT3 in the intrinsic radioresistance of lung adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)31166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chauhan A, Dreta B, Sackstein P, Ahn J, Cheson B. 891MO Role of baseline PET SUVmax in predicting early progression in follicular lymphoma (FL): A single-center retrospective analysis. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Pathare S, Shields-Zeeman L, Vijayakumar L, Pandit D, Nardodkar R, Chatterjee S, Kalha J, Krishnamoorthy S, Jain N, Kapoor A, Shahjahan M, Chauhan A, Smit F. Evaluation of the SPIRIT Integrated Suicide Prevention Programme: study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial in rural Gujarat, India. Trials 2020; 21:572. [PMID: 32586362 PMCID: PMC7318485 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a major public health challenge globally and specifically in India where 36.6% and 24.3% of all suicides worldwide occur in women and men, respectively. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals uses suicide rate as one of two indicators for Target 3.4, aimed at reducing these deaths by one third by 2030. India has no examples of large-scale implementation of evidence-based interventions to prevent suicide; however, there is a sizeable evidence base to draw on for suicide prevention strategies that have been piloted in India or proven to be effective regionally or internationally. METHOD The SPIRIT study is designed as a cluster-randomized superiority trial and uses mixed methods to evaluate the implementation, effectiveness and costs of an integrated suicide prevention programme consisting of three integrated interventions including (1) a secondary-school-based intervention to reduce suicidal ideation among adolescents, (2) a community storage facility intervention to reduce access to pesticides and (3) training for community health workers in recognition, management, and appropriate referral of people identified with high suicidal risk. DISCUSSION Combining three evidence-based interventions that tackle suicide among high-risk groups may generate a synergistic impact in reducing suicides at the community level in rural areas in India. Examination of implementation processes throughout the trial will also help to prepare a roadmap for policymakers and researchers looking to implement suicide prevention interventions in other countries and at scale. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Registry of Indian Council of Medical Research, India: CTRI/2017/04/008313. Registered on 7 April 2017. http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=18256&EncHid=&userName=SPIRIT Trial registry was last modified on 28 June 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Pathare
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Law College Road, Pune, 411004 India
| | - Laura Shields-Zeeman
- Netherlands Institute for Mental health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Da Costakade 45, Utrecht, 3521 VT the Netherlands
| | | | - Deepa Pandit
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Law College Road, Pune, 411004 India
| | - Renuka Nardodkar
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Law College Road, Pune, 411004 India
| | - Susmita Chatterjee
- George Institute for Global Health Elegance Tower, 311-312, Third Floor, JasolaVihar, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Jasmine Kalha
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Law College Road, Pune, 411004 India
| | - Sadhvi Krishnamoorthy
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Law College Road, Pune, 411004 India
| | - Nikhil Jain
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Law College Road, Pune, 411004 India
| | - Arjun Kapoor
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Law College Road, Pune, 411004 India
| | | | | | - Filip Smit
- Netherlands Institute for Mental health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Da Costakade 45, Utrecht, 3521 VT the Netherlands
- University Medical Centers Amsterdam, location Vumc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Rajkumar C, Wilks M, Islam J, Ali K, Raftery J, Davies K, Timeyin J, Cheek E, Cohen J, Wright J, Natarajan U, Nicholl C, Dewhurst G, Fonseka M, Slovick D, Maskell P, Mukherjee S, Ali K, Nari R, Qureshi A, Gertner D, Khan Z, Shinh N, Bodmer C, Martin-Marero C, Poullis A, Pollok R, Ala A, Chauhan A, Patel M, Roberts H, Conroy S, McGowan D, Pathansali R, Yau C, Vasileiadis E, Guleri A, Orr D, Aldulami D. Do probiotics prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhoea? Results of a multicentre randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Hosp Infect 2020; 105:280-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chauhan A, Lovell N, Dubey S. AB1151 COMPLIANCE/CONCORDANCE WITH MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL IN PATIENTS WITH CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS IN COVENTRY. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Connective tissue disorders like Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are multi-organ systemic conditions characterised by disordered immune function. Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) is commonly used for treatment of SLE1and other connective tissue disorders like Sjogren’s syndrome, myositis and Scleroderma. Compliance with drugs remains a significant issue in management of these conditions and varying reports from across the world2,3continue to show significant lack of concordance resulting in increased disease activity and damage.Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the compliance/concordance specifically with MMF treatment among patients attending clinics at University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (UHCW)with SLE and other connective tissue disorders.Methods:Ethical approval was obtained through research and development department within the Trust. This is a retrospective study collating non-identifiable hospital pharmacy data in patients who requested the prescription for MMF drug between January 2015 and December2018. Since MMF was required to be prescribed from the hospital (i.e. General practitioners within the region were unable to prescribe it), we have records for all prescriptions for these patients. We extracted information on sample size, frequency of prescription requested and length of follow up. Clinical data were obtained from paper and electronic notes of the patients. Data were analysed using the data analysis tool pack for linear regression, on Microsoft Excel package version 16.29.1.Results:We recruited 144 patients into this study, (74%) of these are females. Age range for this group was 2-89 years, median age was 45 (±11.2) years with a mean (±SD) age of 35.6 (±11.2) years and a disease duration of 8.8 (±6.2) years. 73.1% were White British, the remaining included 8.3% Indian, 5.5% Pakistani, 2.7% Black British, 2% Caucasian, 2.1% Chinese, and 6.3% other. Overall, we had 54 patients with SLE and 90 Patients with other connective tissue disorders. Good compliance (81-100%) with MMF therapy was seen in 49 patients, (34%). Poor compliance (0-20%) was seen in 13 patients, (9%). We found a significant correlation between lack of compliance and risk of flares (r= 0.25,p< 0.002), displayed in Figure 1. We also found a significant difference in compliance patters depending on diagnosis and also on age. SLE patients were 34% less compliant with MMF in comparison to other connective tissue disorders. Demographics suggested the degree of compliance increased with age. Patients between 40-69 years of age were 65% more compliant in comparison to the age 20-39 years (p< 0.002).Conclusion:SLE and connective tissue disorder patients within Coventry continue to have issues relating to compliance/concordance with MMF treatment and this appears to be worse in patients with SLE and in the 20-39 years of age. These patients also appear to be getting flares hence, this remains a major problem in the management of these conditions.References:[1]Gordon C, Amissah-Arthur MB, Gayed M et al. The British Society for Rheumatology guideline for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus in adults. Rheumatol 2017; doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex286.[2]Alsowaida N, Alrasheed M, Mayet A, Alsuwaida A and Omair M A. Medication adherence, depression and disease activity among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2018,27(2), 327–332. doi:10.1177/0961203317725585.[3]Chehab G, G M Sauer, J G Richter, R Brinks, R Willers, R Fischer-Betz, B Winkler-Rohlfing, and M Schneider. Medical Adherence in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Germany: Predictors and Reasons for Non-Adherence – a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the LuLa-Cohort.” Lupus (September 2018),1652–60. doi:10.1177/0961203318785245.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Proctor MJ, Westwood DA, Donahoe S, Chauhan A, Lynch AC, Heriot AG, Sent-Doux K, Creagh T, Frizelle FA, Wakeman CJ. Morbidity associated with the immediate vertical rectus abdominus myocutaneous flap reconstruction after radical pelvic surgery. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:562-568. [PMID: 31713965 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Patients who undergo radical pelvic surgery often have problems with perineal wound healing and pelvic collections. While there is recognition of the perineal morbidity, there also remains uncertainty around the benefit of vertical rectus abdominus myocutaneous (VRAM) flaps due to the balance between primary healing and the complications associated with this form of reconstruction. This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with significant flap and donor site related complications following VRAM flap reconstruction for radical pelvic surgery. METHOD A retrospective analysis of VRAM flap related complications was undertaken from prospectively maintained databases for all patients undergoing radical pelvic surgery (2001- 2017) in two cancer centres. RESULTS In all, 154 patients were identified [median age 62 years (range 26-89 years), 80 (52%) men]. Thirty-three (21%) patients experienced significant donor or flap related complications. Major complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3) related to the abdominal donor site occurred in nine (6%) patients, while those related to the flap or perineal site occurred in 28 (18%) patients. Only smoking (P = 0.003) and neoadjuvant radiotherapy (P = 0.047) were associated with the development of significant flap related complications on univariate analysis. Flap related complications resulted in a significantly longer hospital stay (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Careful patient selection is required to balance the risks vs the benefits of VRAM flap reconstruction. Immediate VRAM reconstruction in patients undergoing radical pelvic surgery can achieve early healing and stable perineal closure; it has a low but significant morbidity. Major flap related complications are significantly associated with smoking status and neoadjuvant radiotherapy and result in a prolonged length of hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Proctor
- Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - D A Westwood
- Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - S Donahoe
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCullam Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - A Chauhan
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCullam Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - A C Lynch
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCullam Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - A G Heriot
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCullam Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - K Sent-Doux
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - T Creagh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - F A Frizelle
- Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.,University Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - C J Wakeman
- Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.,University Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Ramesh P, Chauhan A, Goyal P, Singh A, Singhal A, Gupta A. Serum Heart Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein Levels in Prediabetes-An Invaluable Cardiovascular Biomarker. J Assoc Physicians India 2020; 68:42-46. [PMID: 32610846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiological effects of diabetes on the heart and the rest of the cardiovascular system begins much earlier in its precedent stage of prediabetes and one major underlying defect is insulin resistance. Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) is a recently studied molecule inherent to the cardiac myocytes found to rise in both coronary and non-coronary heart diseases. The utility of the molecule in prediabetes and its relationship with insulin resistance is being studied. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to compare serum levels of H-FABP in prediabetics and controls and correlate them with Homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). METHODS 50 prediabetic patients and 50 age, sex and BMI matched controls were employed in the case control study. Serum fasting and postprandial blood sugars, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin levels were measured in cases and controls. HOMA-IR index was calculated from fasting glucose and insulin values. Serum H-FABP was measured in both cases and controls using Immunoturbidimetric method with anti- H-FABP coated latex reagent kits. The values were compared between both the groups. RESULTS The mean serum fasting insulin level among cases was 12.22mIU/ml and that of the control group was 5.37mIU/ml (p value <0.0001). HOMA- IR mean values were 3.31 ± 1.56 and 1.16 ± 0.44 in cases and controls respectively (p- <0.001). The mean serum levels of H-FABP among cases and controls were 6.38± 2.76ng/ml and 3.24 ± 2.47 ng/ml respectively (p <0.0001). The correlation between the two variables, HOMA-IR and H-FABP was also found to be strongly positive (r=0.675). Linear regression analysis showed that for 1 unit increase in HOMA-IR, H-FABP increased by 1.095 and for 1 unit increase in Fasting insulin, H-FABP increased by 0.038. CONCLUSION Prediabetics have a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity when compared to normoglycemics with insulin resistance being the single most important contributor. Serum H-FABP levels are elevated in prediabetes representing a marker of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Parul Goyal
- Professor of Biochemistry, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital
| | | | - Ayushi Singhal
- Post Graduate Student, Medicine, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital
| | - Asmita Gupta
- Post Graduate Student, Medicine, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital
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Gabriel G, Anthony L, Chauhan A, El Khouli R. 3:45 PM Abstract No. 232 Efficacy of transarterial bland embolization with concurrent everolimus (EveroEmbo) in the treatment of hepatic metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Saha S, Chauhan A, Buch B, Makwana S, Vikar S, Kotwani P, Pandya A. Psychosocial rehabilitation of people living with mental illness: Lessons learned from community-based psychiatric rehabilitation centres in Gujarat. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:892-897. [PMID: 32318441 PMCID: PMC7114046 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_991_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Psychosocial rehabilitation is the process that facilitates opportunities for persons with chronic mental illness to reach their optimal level of independent functioning in society and for improving their quality of life. However, such psychosocial rehabilitation centers are limited in India. Aims: The present study assesses psychosocial rehabilitation centers (of urban day-care and rural residential rehabilitation center) operated by Ashadeep Charitable Foundation, a civil service organization and its effect on health outcomes of patients living with chronic mental illness. Materials and Methods: Records of 170 cases were retrieved for secondary analysis of demographic information, diagnosis, duration of stay, and health outcomes. Results: Rehabilitation activities included yoga, light physical exercises, group discussion, training for daily living skills, social skills, life skills, vocational training, individual, and family counseling. In addition, extensive outreach activities, mental health camps were also integral part of the rehabilitation activities. Patients who have accessed rehabilitation services were diagnosed with schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, depression, and intellectual disability. The average duration of rehabilitation of patients (other than persons with intellectual disability) was ranged from three to four months. Out of those rehabilitated, 69% of them were successfully re-integrated with the family. Conclusion: Combination of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions are effective for re-integrate patients with mental illness to the family. This model of community-based rehabilitation has potential for scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somen Saha
- Associate Professor, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ajay Chauhan
- Superintendent, Hospital for Mental Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bakul Buch
- Psychiatrist and Founding Director, Ashadeep Charitable Foundation, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Saiyad Vikar
- Epidemiologist, District Panchayat, Chota Udepur, Gujarat, India
| | - Priya Kotwani
- Scientist C, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Apurvakumar Pandya
- Scientist. D, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Pandya A, Shah K, Chauhan A, Saha S. Innovative mental health initiatives in India: A scope for strengthening primary healthcare services. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:502-507. [PMID: 32318372 PMCID: PMC7114045 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_977_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health burden is a major health concern worldwide. In the last few decades, we are witnessing innovations that are successfully addressing gaps in the mental health service delivery in Indian context. This is an opportune time to explore existing innovative mental health initiatives in the country and integrate viable interventions to primary healthcare facilities to strengthen public mental healthcare delivery. The descriptive review of literature on innovative mental health programs in India was carried out. The initial search from google scholar and PubMed database yielded 1152 articles, of which 1114 were excluded that did not meet inclusion criteria. Full texts of 38 articles were reviewed and finally 22 studies were included for the study. Based on the review, most innovations are broadly summarized into five categories: (1) quality improvement mental health programs; (2) community-based mental health programs; 3) non-specialist mental health programs, 4) mobile-technology based mental health programs, 5) tele-mental health programs. These promising innovations in treatment and care can be customized as per the context for scale up and integrated into the primary healthcare system through District Mental Health Programme. The innovative approach not only makes mental health services more accessible and affordable but also empowering in nature by encouraging community members in early detection, prevention of mental illness and appropriate treatment referral to existing primary health care services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Komal Shah
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ajay Chauhan
- Hospital for Mental Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Somen Saha
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Bhattacharya A, Chauhan A, Mylar P. An interesting case of Anemia with Thrombocytopenia. J Assoc Physicians India 2020; 68:99. [PMID: 31979926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnesh Bhattacharya
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital,New Delhi
| | - Ajay Chauhan
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital,New Delhi
| | - Prashanth Mylar
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital,New Delhi
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Wiffen L, Lodge D, Fox L, Bradley C, Ibrahim W, Bentley K, Cook C, Nutkins K, Brown T, Rupani H, Chauhan A, Bishop L, Hicks A. Patient experience of telephone consultations in the lung cancer pathway. Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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