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Biochemical Properties and Roles of DprA Protein in Bacterial Natural Transformation, Virulence, and Pilin Variation. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0046522. [PMID: 36695594 PMCID: PMC9945497 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00465-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural transformation enables bacteria to acquire DNA from the environment and contributes to genetic diversity, DNA repair, and nutritional requirements. DNA processing protein A (DprA) receives incoming single-stranded DNA and assists RecA loading for homology-directed natural chromosomal transformation and DNA strand annealing during plasmid transformation. The dprA gene occurs in the genomes of all known bacteria, irrespective of their natural transformation status. The DprA protein has been characterized by its molecular, cellular, biochemical, and biophysical properties in several bacteria. This review summarizes different aspects of DprA biology, collectively describing its biochemical properties, molecular interaction with DNA, and function interaction with bacterial RecA during natural transformation. Furthermore, the roles of DprA in natural transformation, bacterial virulence, and pilin variation are discussed.
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2
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Characterization of DNA Processing Protein A (DprA) of the Radiation-Resistant Bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0347022. [PMID: 36453941 PMCID: PMC9769556 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03470-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental DNA uptake by certain bacteria and its integration into their genome create genetic diversity and new phenotypes. DNA processing protein A (DprA) is part of a multiprotein complex and facilitates the natural transformation (NT) phenotype in most bacteria. Deinococcus radiodurans, an extremely radioresistant bacterium, is efficient in NT, and its genome encodes nearly all of the components of the natural competence complex. Here, we have characterized the DprA protein of this bacterium (DrDprA) for the known characteristics of DprA proteins of other bacteria and the mechanisms underlying the DNA-RecA interaction. DrDprA has three domains. In vitro studies showed that purified recombinant DrDprA binds to both single-strand DNA (ssDNA) and double-strand DNA (dsDNA) and is able to protect ssDNA from nucleolytic degradation. DrDprA showed a strong interaction with DrRecA and facilitated RecA-catalyzed functions in vivo. Mutational studies identified DrDprA amino acid residues crucial for oligomerization, the interaction with DrRecA, and DNA binding. Furthermore, we showed that both oligomerization and DNA binding properties of DrDprA are integral to its support of the DrRecA-catalyzed strand exchange reaction (SER) in vitro. Together, these data suggested that DrDprA is largely structurally conserved with other DprA homologs but shows some unique structure-function features like the existence of an additional C-terminal Drosophila melanogaster Miasto-like protein 1 (DML1) domain, equal affinities for ssDNA and dsDNA, and the collective roles of oligomerization and DNA binding properties in supporting DrRecA functions. IMPORTANCE Bacteria can take up extracellular DNA (eDNA) by natural transformation (NT). Many bacteria, including Deinococcus radiodurans, have constitutive competence systems and can take up eDNA throughout their growth phase. DprA (DNA processing protein A) is a transformation-specific recombination mediator protein (RMP) that plays a role in bacterial NT, and the absence of this gene significantly reduces the transformation efficiencies of both chromosomal and plasmid DNA. NT helps bacteria survive under adverse conditions and contributes to genetic diversity in bacteria. The present work describes the characterization of DprA from D. radiodurans and will add to the existing knowledge of DprA biology.
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Brzozowski RS, Tomlinson BR, Sacco MD, Chen JJ, Ali AN, Chen Y, Shaw LN, Eswara PJ. Interdependent YpsA- and YfhS-Mediated Cell Division and Cell Size Phenotypes in Bacillus subtilis. mSphere 2020; 5:e00655-20. [PMID: 32699122 PMCID: PMC7376506 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00655-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many bacterial cell division factors have been uncovered over the years, evidence from recent studies points to the existence of yet-to-be-discovered factors involved in cell division regulation. Thus, it is important to identify factors and conditions that regulate cell division to obtain a better understanding of this fundamental biological process. We recently reported that in the Gram-positive organisms Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, increased production of YpsA resulted in cell division inhibition. In this study, we isolated spontaneous suppressor mutations to uncover critical residues of YpsA and the pathways through which YpsA may exert its function. Using this technique, we were able to isolate four unique intragenic suppressor mutations in ypsA (E55D, P79L, R111P, and G132E) that rendered the mutated YpsA nontoxic upon overproduction. We also isolated an extragenic suppressor mutation in yfhS, a gene that encodes a protein of unknown function. Subsequent analysis confirmed that cells lacking yfhS were unable to undergo filamentation in response to YpsA overproduction. We also serendipitously discovered that YfhS may play a role in cell size regulation. Finally, we provide evidence showing a mechanistic link between YpsA and YfhS.IMPORTANCEBacillus subtilis is a rod-shaped Gram-positive model organism. The factors fundamental to the maintenance of cell shape and cell division are of major interest. We show that increased expression of ypsA results in cell division inhibition and impairment of colony formation on solid medium. Colonies that do arise possess compensatory suppressor mutations. We have isolated multiple intragenic (within ypsA) mutants and an extragenic suppressor mutant. Further analysis of the extragenic suppressor mutation led to a protein of unknown function, YfhS, which appears to play a role in regulating cell size. In addition to confirming that the cell division phenotype associated with YpsA is disrupted in a yfhS-null strain, we also discovered that the cell size phenotype of the yfhS knockout mutant is abolished in a strain that also lacks ypsA This highlights a potential mechanistic link between these two proteins; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Brzozowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Brooke R Tomlinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Michael D Sacco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Judy J Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Anika N Ali
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsey N Shaw
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Prahathees J Eswara
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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The Lonely Guy (LOG) Homologue SiRe_0427 from the Thermophilic Archaeon Sulfolobus islandicus REY15A Is a Phosphoribohydrolase Representing a Novel Group. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01739-19. [PMID: 31420341 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01739-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonely Guy (LOG) proteins are important enzymes in cellular organisms, which catalyze the final step in the production of biologically active cytokinins via dephosphoribosylation. LOG proteins are vital enzymes in plants for the activation of cytokinin precursors, which is crucial for plant growth and development. In fungi and bacteria, LOGs are implicated in pathogenic or nonpathogenic interactions with their plant hosts. However, LOGs have also been identified in the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the accumulation of cytokinin-degraded products, aldehydes, within bacterial cells is lethal to the bacterium in the presence of nitric oxide, suggesting diverse roles of LOGs in various species. In this study, we conducted biochemical and genetic analysis of a LOG homologue, SiRe_0427, from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus islandicus REY15A. The protein possessed the LOG motif GGGxGTxxE and exhibited phosphoribohydrolase activity on adenosine-5-monophosphate (AMP), similar to LOGs from eukaryotes and bacteria. Alanine mutants at either catalytic residues or substrate binding sites lost their activity, resembling other known LOGs. SiRe_0427 is probably a homotetramer, as revealed by size exclusion chromatography and chemical cross-linking. We found that the gene encoding SiRe_0427 could be knocked out; however, the Δsire_0427 strain exhibited no apparent difference in growth compared to the wild type, nor did it show any difference in sensitivity to UV irradiation under our laboratory growth conditions. Overall, these findings indicate that archaeal LOG homologue is active as a phosphoribohydrolase.IMPORTANCE Lonely Guy (LOG) is an essential enzyme for the final biosynthesis of cytokinins, which regulate almost every aspect of growth and development in plants. LOG protein was originally discovered 12 years ago in a strain of Oryza sativa with a distinct floral phenotype of a single stamen. Recently, the presence of LOG homologues has been reported in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an obligate human pathogen. To date, active LOG proteins have been reported in plants, pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi, and bacteria, but there have been no experimental reports of LOG protein from archaea. In the current work, we report the identification of a LOG homologue active on AMP from Sulfolobus islandicus REY15A, a thermophilic archaeon. The protein likely forms a tetramer in solution and represents a novel evolutionary lineage. The results presented here expand our knowledge regarding proteins with phosphoribohydrolase activities and open an avenue for studying signal transduction networks of archaea and potential applications of LOG enzymes in agriculture and industry.
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5
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Huang L, Tian X, Liu M, Wang M, Biville F, Cheng A, Zhu D, Jia R, Chen S, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Tian B, Yu Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Pan L, Rehman MU, Chen X. DprA Is Essential for Natural Competence in Riemerella anatipestifer and Has a Conserved Evolutionary Mechanism. Front Genet 2019; 10:429. [PMID: 31156696 PMCID: PMC6533540 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer ATCC11845 (RA ATCC11845) is naturally competent. However, the genes involved in natural transformation in this species remain largely unknown. Bioinformatic analysis predicts that DprA of RA (DprARa) has three domains: a sterile alpha motif (SAM), a Rossmann fold (RF) domain and a Z-DNA-binding domain (Zα). Inactivation of dprA abrogated natural transformation in RA ATCC11845, and this effect was restored by the expression of dprA in trans. The dprA with SAM and RF domains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the dprA with RF and Zα domains of Helicobacter pylori was able to restore natural transformation in the RA ATCC11845 dprA mutant. An Arg123 mutation in the RF domain of R. anatipestifer was not able to restore natural transformation of the RA ATCC11845 dprA mutant. Furthermore, DprAR123E abolished its ability to bind DNA, suggesting that the RF domain is essential for the function of DprA. Finally, the dprA of Fusobacterium naviforme which has not been reported to be natural competent currently was partially able to restore natural transformation in RA ATCC11845 dprA mutant. These results collectively suggest that DprA has a conserved evolutionary mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiu Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunya Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Leichang Pan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Lisboa J, Celma L, Sanchez D, Marquis M, Andreani J, Guérois R, Ochsenbein F, Durand D, Marsin S, Cuniasse P, Radicella JP, Quevillon-Cheruel S. The C-terminal domain of HpDprA is a DNA-binding winged helix domain that does not bind double-stranded DNA. FEBS J 2019; 286:1941-1958. [PMID: 30771270 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA-processing protein A, a ubiquitous multidomain DNA-binding protein, plays a crucial role during natural transformation in bacteria. Here, we carried out the structural analysis of DprA from the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori by combining data issued from the 1.8-Å resolution X-ray structure of the Pfam02481 domain dimer (RF), the NMR structure of the carboxy terminal domain (CTD), and the low-resolution structure of the full-length DprA dimer obtained in solution by SAXS. In particular, we sought a molecular function for the CTD, a domain that we show here is essential for transformation in H. pylori. Albeit its structural homology to winged helix DNA-binding motifs, we confirmed that the isolated CTD does not interact with ssDNA nor with dsDNA. The key R52 and K137 residues of RF are crucial for these two interactions. Search for sequences harboring homology to either HpDprA or Rhodopseudomonas palustris DprA CTDs led to the identification of conserved patches in the two CTD. Our structural study revealed the similarity of the structures adopted by these residues in RpDprA CTD and HpDprA CTD. This argues for a conserved, but yet to be defined, CTD function, distinct from DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Lisboa
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Louisa Celma
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dyana Sanchez
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mathilde Marquis
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jessica Andreani
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Raphael Guérois
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Françoise Ochsenbein
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dominique Durand
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Marsin
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Universités Paris Diderot and Paris-Sud, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Philippe Cuniasse
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Pablo Radicella
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Universités Paris Diderot and Paris-Sud, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Sophie Quevillon-Cheruel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Hovland E, Beyene GT, Frye SA, Homberset H, Balasingham SV, Gómez-Muñoz M, Derrick JP, Tønjum T, Ambur OH. DprA from Neisseria meningitidis: properties and role in natural competence for transformation. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:1016-1029. [PMID: 28696187 PMCID: PMC5817196 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA processing chain A (DprA) is a DNA-binding protein that is ubiquitous in bacteria and expressed in some archaea. DprA is active in many bacterial species that are competent for transformation of DNA, but its role in Neisseriameningitidis (Nm) is not well characterized. An Nm mutant lacking DprA was constructed, and the phenotypes of the wild-type and ΔdprA mutant were compared. The salient feature of the phenotype of dprA null cells is the total lack of competence for genetic transformation shown by all of the donor DNA substrates tested in this study. Here, Nm wild-type and dprA null cells appeared to be equally resistant to genotoxic stress. The gene encoding DprANm was cloned and overexpressed, and the biological activities of DprANm were further investigated. DprANm binds ssDNA more strongly than dsDNA, but lacks DNA uptake sequence-specific DNA binding. DprANm dimerization and interaction with the C-terminal part of the single-stranded binding protein SSBNmwere demonstrated. dprA is co-expressed with smg, a downstream gene of unknown function, and the gene encoding topoisomerase 1, topA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Hovland
- Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Present address: Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Stephan A Frye
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Jeremy P Derrick
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Tone Tønjum
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole H Ambur
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Present address: Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Norway
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8
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Damke PP, Dhanaraju R, Marsin S, Radicella JP, Rao DN. Mutations in the nucleotide binding and hydrolysis domains of Helicobacter pylori MutS2 lead to altered biochemical activities and inactivation of its in vivo function. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:14. [PMID: 26843368 PMCID: PMC4739419 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori MutS2 (HpMutS2), an inhibitor of recombination during transformation is a non-specific nuclease with two catalytic sites, both of which are essential for its anti-recombinase activity. Although HpMutS2 belongs to a highly conserved family of ABC transporter ATPases, the role of its ATP binding and hydrolysis activities remains elusive. Results To explore the putative role of ATP binding and hydrolysis activities of HpMutS2 we specifically generated point mutations in the nucleotide-binding Walker-A (HpMutS2-G338R) and hydrolysis Walker-B (HpMutS2-E413A) domains of the protein. Compared to wild-type protein, HpMutS2-G338R exhibited ~2.5-fold lower affinity for both ATP and ADP while ATP hydrolysis was reduced by ~3-fold. Nucleotide binding efficiencies of HpMutS2-E413A were not significantly altered; however the ATP hydrolysis was reduced by ~10-fold. Although mutations in the Walker-A and Walker-B motifs of HpMutS2 only partially reduced its ability to bind and hydrolyze ATP, we demonstrate that these mutants not only exhibited alterations in the conformation, DNA binding and nuclease activities of the protein but failed to complement the hyper-recombinant phenotype displayed by mutS2-disrupted strain of H. pylori. In addition, we show that the nucleotide cofactor modulates the conformation, DNA binding and nuclease activities of HpMutS2. Conclusions These data describe a strong crosstalk between the ATPase, DNA binding, and nuclease activities of HpMutS2. Furthermore these data show that both, ATP binding and hydrolysis activities of HpMutS2 are essential for the in vivo anti-recombinase function of the protein. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0629-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant P Damke
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Rajkumar Dhanaraju
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Stéphanie Marsin
- CEA, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, Fontenay aux Roses, France.,INSERM UMR967, Fontenay aux Roses, France.,Universités Paris Diderot et Paris Sud, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - J Pablo Radicella
- CEA, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, Fontenay aux Roses, France. .,INSERM UMR967, Fontenay aux Roses, France. .,Universités Paris Diderot et Paris Sud, Fontenay aux Roses, France.
| | - Desirazu N Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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9
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Dwivedi GR, Srikanth KD, Anand P, Naikoo J, Srilatha NS, Rao DN. Insights into the Functional Roles of N-Terminal and C-Terminal Domains of Helicobacter pylori DprA. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131116. [PMID: 26135134 PMCID: PMC4489622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA processing protein A (DprA) plays a crucial role in the process of natural transformation. This is accomplished through binding and subsequent protection of incoming foreign DNA during the process of internalization. DprA along with Single stranded DNA binding protein A (SsbA) acts as an accessory factor for RecA mediated DNA strand exchange. H. pylori DprA (HpDprA) is divided into an N-terminal domain and a C- terminal domain. In the present study, individual domains of HpDprA have been characterized for their ability to bind single stranded (ssDNA) and double stranded DNA (dsDNA). Oligomeric studies revealed that HpDprA possesses two sites for dimerization which enables HpDprA to form large and tightly packed complexes with ss and dsDNA. While the N-terminal domain was found to be sufficient for binding with ss or ds DNA, C-terminal domain has an important role in the assembly of poly-nucleoprotein complex. Using site directed mutagenesis approach, we show that a pocket comprising positively charged amino acids in the N-terminal domain has an important role in the binding of ss and dsDNA. Together, a functional cross talk between the two domains of HpDprA facilitating the binding and formation of higher order complex with DNA is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Praveen Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Javed Naikoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - N. S. Srilatha
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Desirazu N. Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
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10
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Genome Sequence of Mycobacteriophage Mindy. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/3/e00596-15. [PMID: 26089411 PMCID: PMC4472888 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00596-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteriophage Mindy is a newly isolated phage of Mycobacterium smegmatis, recovered from a soil sample in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Mindy has a genome length of 75,796 bp, encodes 147 predicted proteins and two tRNAs, and is closely related to mycobacteriophages in cluster E.
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11
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Damke PP, Dhanaraju R, Marsin S, Radicella JP, Rao DN. The nuclease activities of both the Smr domain and an additional LDLK motif are required for an efficient anti-recombination function of Helicobacter pylori MutS2. Mol Microbiol 2015; 96:1240-56. [PMID: 25800579 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a human pathogen, is a naturally and constitutively competent bacteria, displaying a high rate of intergenomic recombination. While recombination events are essential for evolution and adaptation of H. pylori to dynamic gastric niches and new hosts, such events should be regulated tightly to maintain genomic integrity. Here, we analyze the role of the nuclease activity of MutS2, a protein that limits recombination during transformation in H. pylori. In previously studied MutS2 proteins, the C-terminal Smr domain was mapped as the region responsible for its nuclease activity. We report here that deletion of Smr domain does not completely abolish the nuclease activity of HpMutS2. Using bioinformatics analysis and mutagenesis, we identified an additional and novel nuclease motif (LDLK) at the N-terminus of HpMutS2 unique to Helicobacter and related ε-proteobacterial species. A single point mutation (D30A) in the LDLK motif and the deletion of Smr domain resulted in ∼ 5-10-fold loss of DNA cleavage ability of HpMutS2. Interestingly, the mutant forms of HpMutS2 wherein the LDLK motif was mutated or the Smr domain was deleted were unable to complement the hyper-recombination phenotype of a mutS2(-) strain, suggesting that both nuclease sites are indispensable for an efficient anti-recombinase activity of HpMutS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant P Damke
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Rajkumar Dhanaraju
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Stéphanie Marsin
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM UMR967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Universités Paris Diderot et Paris Sud, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Juan Pablo Radicella
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM UMR967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Universités Paris Diderot et Paris Sud, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Desirazu N Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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12
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori relies on multiple colonization and virulence factors to persist in the human stomach for life. In addition, these factors can be modulated and vary to suit the ever-changing environment within the host individual. This article outlines the novel developments in this field of research during the past year, highlighting the cag pathogenicity island, VacA, γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase as well as including recent advances in protein structure, bacteria-host interaction, and the role of stomach microbiota.
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13
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Luo M, Christgen S, Sanyal N, Arentson BW, Becker DF, Tanner JJ. Evidence that the C-terminal domain of a type B PutA protein contributes to aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and substrate channeling. Biochemistry 2014; 53:5661-73. [PMID: 25137435 PMCID: PMC4159212 DOI: 10.1021/bi500693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
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Proline utilization A (PutA) is a
bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes
the oxidation of proline to glutamate. Structures of type A PutAs
have revealed the catalytic core consisting of proline dehydrogenase
(PRODH) and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase
(P5CDH) modules connected by a substrate-channeling tunnel. Type B
PutAs also have a C-terminal domain of unknown function (CTDUF) that
is absent in type A PutAs. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), mutagenesis,
and kinetics are used to determine the contributions of this domain
to PutA structure and function. The 1127-residue Rhodobacter
capsulatus PutA (RcPutA) is used as a representative CTDUF-containing
type B PutA. The reaction progress curve for the coupled PRODH–P5CDH
activity of RcPutA does not exhibit a time lag, implying a substrate
channeling mechanism. RcPutA is monomeric in solution, which is unprecedented
for PutAs. SAXS rigid body modeling with target–decoy validation
is used to build a model of RcPutA. On the basis of homology to aldehyde
dehydrogenases (ALDHs), the CTDUF is predicted to consist of a β-hairpin
fused to a noncatalytic Rossmann fold domain. The predicted tertiary
structural interactions of the CTDUF resemble the quaternary structural
interactions in the type A PutA dimer interface. The model is tested
by mutagenesis of the dimerization hairpin of a type A PutA and the
CTDUF hairpin of RcPutA. Similar functional phenotypes are observed
in the two sets of variants, supporting the hypothesis that the CTDUF
mimics the type A PutA dimer interface. These results suggest annotation
of the CTDUF as an ALDH superfamily domain that facilitates P5CDH
activity and substrate channeling by stabilizing the aldehyde-binding
site and sealing the substrate-channeling tunnel from the bulk medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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14
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Yadav T, Carrasco B, Serrano E, Alonso JC. Roles of Bacillus subtilis DprA and SsbA in RecA-mediated genetic recombination. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27640-52. [PMID: 25138221 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.577924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis competence-induced RecA, SsbA, SsbB, and DprA are required to internalize and to recombine single-stranded (ss) DNA with homologous resident duplex. RecA, in the ATP · Mg(2+)-bound form (RecA · ATP), can nucleate and form filament onto ssDNA but is inactive to catalyze DNA recombination. We report that SsbA or SsbB bound to ssDNA blocks the RecA filament formation and fails to activate recombination. DprA facilitates RecA filamentation; however, the filaments cannot engage in DNA recombination. When ssDNA was preincubated with SsbA, but not SsbB, DprA was able to activate DNA strand exchange dependent on RecA · ATP. This work demonstrates that RecA · ATP, in concert with SsbA and DprA, catalyzes DNA strand exchange, and SsbB is an accessory factor in the reaction. In contrast, RecA · dATP efficiently catalyzes strand exchange even in the absence of single-stranded binding proteins or DprA, and addition of the accessory factors marginally improved it. We proposed that the RecA-bound nucleotide (ATP and to a lesser extent dATP) might dictate the requirement for accessory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tribhuwan Yadav
- From the Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Carrasco
- From the Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Serrano
- From the Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Alonso
- From the Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Liu Z, Chen P, Wang X, Cai G, Niu L, Teng M, Li X. Crystal structure of DnaT84-153-dT10 ssDNA complex reveals a novel single-stranded DNA binding mode. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:9470-83. [PMID: 25053836 PMCID: PMC4132743 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DnaT is a primosomal protein that is required for the stalled replication fork restart in Escherichia coli. As an adapter, DnaT mediates the PriA-PriB-ssDNA ternary complex and the DnaB/C complex. However, the fundamental function of DnaT during PriA-dependent primosome assembly is still a black box. Here, we report the 2.83 Å DnaT84–153-dT10 ssDNA complex structure, which reveals a novel three-helix bundle single-stranded DNA binding mode. Based on binding assays and negative-staining electron microscopy results, we found that DnaT can bind to phiX 174 ssDNA to form nucleoprotein filaments for the first time, which indicates that DnaT might function as a scaffold protein during the PriA-dependent primosome assembly. In combination with biochemical analysis, we propose a cooperative mechanism for the binding of DnaT to ssDNA and a possible model for the assembly of PriA-PriB-ssDNA-DnaT complex that sheds light on the function of DnaT during the primosome assembly and stalled replication fork restart. This report presents the first structure of the DnaT C-terminal complex with ssDNA and a novel model that explains the interactions between the three-helix bundle and ssDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejuan Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Cai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Niu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Maikun Teng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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16
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Lisboa J, Andreani J, Sanchez D, Boudes M, Collinet B, Liger D, van Tilbeurgh H, Guérois R, Quevillon-Cheruel S. Molecular determinants of the DprA-RecA interaction for nucleation on ssDNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:7395-408. [PMID: 24782530 PMCID: PMC4066776 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural transformation is a major mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria that depends on DNA recombination. RecA is central to the homologous recombination pathway, catalyzing DNA strand invasion and homology search. DprA was shown to be a key binding partner of RecA acting as a specific mediator for its loading on the incoming exogenous ssDNA. Although the 3D structures of both RecA and DprA have been solved, the mechanisms underlying their cross-talk remained elusive. By combining molecular docking simulations and experimental validation, we identified a region on RecA, buried at its self-assembly interface and involving three basic residues that contact an acidic triad of DprA previously shown to be crucial for the interaction. At the core of these patches, DprAM238 and RecAF230 are involved in the interaction. The other DprA binding regions of RecA could involve the N-terminal α-helix and a DNA-binding region. Our data favor a model of DprA acting as a cap of the RecA filament, involving a DprA−RecA interplay at two levels: their own oligomeric states and their respective interaction with DNA. Our model forms the basis for a mechanistic explanation of how DprA can act as a mediator for the loading of RecA on ssDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Lisboa
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Biochimie et de Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 8619, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jessica Andreani
- CEA, iBiTecS, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France Université Paris-Sud & CNRS, UMR 8221, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Dyana Sanchez
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Biochimie et de Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 8619, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marion Boudes
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Biochimie et de Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 8619, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Bruno Collinet
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Biochimie et de Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 8619, F-91405 Orsay, France UFR sciences de la vie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Liger
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Biochimie et de Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 8619, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Herman van Tilbeurgh
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Biochimie et de Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 8619, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Raphael Guérois
- CEA, iBiTecS, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France Université Paris-Sud & CNRS, UMR 8221, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Sophie Quevillon-Cheruel
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Biochimie et de Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 8619, F-91405 Orsay, France
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