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Mohammadi A, Shabestari AN, Baghdadabad LZ, Khatami F, Reis LO, Pishkuhi MA, Kazem Aghamir SM. Genetic Polymorphisms and Kidney Stones Around the Globe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:913908. [PMID: 35846117 PMCID: PMC9280078 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.913908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study explores associations between recurrent kidney stones and genetic polymorphisms. Methods: Meta-analysis of polymorphisms in renal stone cases versus control groups. Four electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science) were searched up to 30 May 2021, using the keywords: “kidney stone” or “kidney calculi,” or “urolithiasis” or “nephrolithiasis” or “urinary calculi” and “genome” or “genetic” or “mutation” or “single nucleotide polymorphism.” Forrest plots, ORs, 95% CI, Chi-square (χ2)-test, and index of heterogeneity (I2) were calculated. Only studies with Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) ≥ 6 were included for quality control, and Funnel, Begg’s, and Eager’s plots assessed publication bias. PROSPERO: CRD42022250427. Results: Among 7,671 searched articles, 72 were included. Polymorphisms in VDR (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06–1.36), CASR (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.01–1.52), Osteopontin (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.09–1.74), and Urokinase genes (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.02–2.28) showed a significant association with risk of urinary stone formation, while Klotho gene showed a protective effect (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.57–0.99). The VDR gene polymorphism was frequent in Asians, whereas CASR polymorphism was frequent in European and North American populations. Conclusion: Multifactorial nature of the stone formation, emphasizing the role of environmental factors, might explain contradictory results in the literature. While polymorphisms in VDR, CASR, Osteopontin, and Urokinase genes were associated with urinary stone formation, the Klotho gene showed a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Mohammadi
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Namazi Shabestari
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Khatami
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Reis
- UroScience and Department of Surgery (Urology), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Unicamp, and Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, PUC-Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mahin Ahmadi Pishkuhi
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir,
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2
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Pungsrinont T, Nettuwakul C, Sawasdee N, Rungroj N, Sritippayawan S, Yenchitsomanus PT. Association between intelectin-1 variation and human kidney stone disease in northeastern Thai population. Urolithiasis 2021; 49:521-532. [PMID: 34041566 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-021-01267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An interplay of multiple genetic and environmental factors implicates an incidence of human kidney stone disease (KSD). However, the genetic factors associated with KSD are not completely known or understood. To identify KSD-associated genetic variations among the northeastern Thai patients, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted. We initially employed genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) using Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 in 105 patients and in 105 normal control subjects. To overcome the limitation of small sample size, we set forth to analyze SNPs as clusters based on the concept of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype. Using this analysis, 29 genes were identified. Three candidate SNPs, including rs2039415, rs2274907, and rs3747515, were selected on the basis of haplotype analysis, potentially functional SNPs, and the functions of associated genes. Further genotyping of these SNPs in a larger sample size (altogether 216 patients and 216 control subjects) showed that the candidate SNP rs2274907 remained significantly different between case and control subjects in both genotype frequencies (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.38-4.30; p = 0.0015) and allele frequencies (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.17-2.03; p = 0.0021). The non-synonymous SNP rs2274907 (c.326T > A) located in exon 4 of the ITLN1 gene results in a substitution of valine (V) by aspartate (D) at position 109 (p.V109D). This substitution could affect the predicted hydrogen (H)-bonds between lysine (K) 107 and glutamine (Q) 104, which supports its association with KSD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanakorn Pungsrinont
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Choochai Nettuwakul
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Nunghathai Sawasdee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Nanyawan Rungroj
- Division of Medical Genetics Research and Laboratory, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchai Sritippayawan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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3
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Atmoko W, Raharja PAR, Birowo P, Hamid ARAH, Taher A, Rasyid N. Genetic polymorphisms as prognostic factors for recurrent kidney stones: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251235. [PMID: 33956883 PMCID: PMC8101940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms have been suggested as risk factors affecting the occurrence and recurrence of kidney stones, although findings regarding the latter remain inconclusive. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the associations between genetic polymorphisms and recurrent kidney stones. PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched through May 28th, 2020 to identify eligible studies. The Quality in prognostic studies (QUIPS) tool was used to evaluate bias risk. Allelic frequencies and different inheritance models were assessed. All analyses were performed using Review manager 5.4. A total of 14 studies were included for meta-analysis, assessing urokinase (ApaL1) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) (ApaI, BsmI, FokI, and TaqI) gene polymorphisms. The ApaLI polymorphism demonstrated protective association in the recessive model [odds ratio (OR) 0.45, P < 0.01] albeit higher risk among Caucasians in the heterozygous model (OR 16.03, P < 0.01). The VDR-ApaI polymorphism showed protective association in the dominant model (OR 0.60, P < 0.01). Among Asians, the VDR-FokI polymorphism recessive model showed significant positive association (OR 1.70, P < 0.01) and the VDR-TaqI polymorphism heterozygous model exhibited protective association (OR 0.72, P < 0.01). The VDR-BsmI polymorphism was not significantly associated with recurrent kidney stones in any model. Urokinase-ApaLI (recessive model), VDR-ApaI (dominant model), and VDR-TaqI (heterozygous model) polymorphisms were associated with decreased recurrent kidney stone risk whereas urokinase-ApaLI (heterozygous model) and VDR-FokI polymorphisms were associated with increased risk among Caucasians and Asians, respectively. These findings will assist in identifying individuals at risk of kidney stone recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widi Atmoko
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Putu Angga Risky Raharja
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ponco Birowo
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Akmal Taher
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nur Rasyid
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
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4
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Halbritter J. Genetics of kidney stone disease-Polygenic meets monogenic. Nephrol Ther 2021; 17S:S88-S94. [PMID: 33910705 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kidney stone disease comprising nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis is a clinical syndrome of increasing prevalence with remarkable heterogeneity. Stone composition, age of manifestation, rate of recurrence, and impairment of kidney function varies with underlying etiologies. While calcium-based kidney stones account for the vast majority their etiology is still poorly understood. Recent studies underline the notion that genetic susceptibility together with dietary habits constitutes the major driver of kidney stone formation. In addition to single gene (Mendelian) disorders, which are most likely underestimated in the adult population, common risk alleles explain part of the observed heritability. Interestingly, identified GWAS loci often match those of Mendelian disease genes and vice versa (CASR, SLC34A1, CYP24A1). These findings provide mechanistic links related to renal calcium homeostasis, vitamin D metabolism, and CaSR-signaling regulated by the CaSR-CLDN14-CLDN16/19 axis (paracellular Ca2+ reabsorption) and TRPV5 (transcellular Ca2+ reabsorption). Recent identification of new single gene disorders of calcium-oxalate-nephrolithiasis (SLC26A1, CLDN2) and distal renal tubular acidosis with nephrocalcinosis (FOXI1, WDR72, ATP6V1C2) enabled additional insights into the kidney-gut axis and molecular prerequisites of proper urinary acidification. Implementation of centralized patient registries on hereditary kidney stone diseases are necessary to build up well characterized cohorts for urgently needed clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Halbritter
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Division of Nephrology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
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5
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Rendina D, De Filippo G, Iannuzzo G, Abate V, Strazzullo P, Falchetti A. Idiopathic Osteoporosis and Nephrolithiasis: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218183. [PMID: 33142950 PMCID: PMC7662860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic osteoporosis and nephrolithiasis are formidable health problems showing a progressive increase in their incidence and prevalence in the last decades. These temporal trends were observed in both pediatric and adult populations worldwide. Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that both disorders show several common pathogenic environmental and genetic factors. In this review, we analyzed the clinical characteristics common to the two disorders and the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the genetic predisposition and the environmental factors recognized as triggers in adult and pediatric ages. As a result of this work, we propose to consider idiopathic nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis as two possible expressions of a unique clinical syndrome. Accordingly, the clinical approach to both disorders should be modified in order to program an efficient primary and secondary prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Rendina
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (G.I.); (V.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Gianpaolo De Filippo
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service d’Endocrinologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, 75019 Paris, France;
- French Clinical Research Group in Adolescent Medicine and Health, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (G.I.); (V.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Veronica Abate
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (G.I.); (V.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (G.I.); (V.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Unit of Bone and Mineral Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Verbania, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes & Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, 20145 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-33-1689-2204
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6
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Imani D, Razi B, Khosrojerdi A, Lorian K, Motallebnezhad M, Rezaei R, Aslani S. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to urolithiasis: a meta-regression and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:263. [PMID: 32650740 PMCID: PMC7350604 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The currently available data with respect to the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and risk to urolithiasis are inconclusive and inconsistent. Hence, an exhaustive meta-analysis can solve the discrepancies and provide a hint for upcoming investigations. Herein, a meta-analysis was carried out to attain a conclusive estimate of the association between VDR gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and urolithiasis risk. METHODS The major databases, including ISI Web of science, Scopus, and PubMed/MEDLINE were searched systematically from until June 2020 to retrieve all relevant studies. Association between VDR gene polymorphisms, including FokI (rs2228570), TaqI (rs731236), BsmI (rs1544410), and ApaI (rs7975232), and urolithiasis risk was evaluated using pooled odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Additionally, to seek for the potential source of heterogeneity, meta-regression analyses were exerted. RESULTS Literature search led to finally finding of 33 studies evaluating the VDR gene SNPs and urolithiasis risk. It was observed that none of the four SNPs were significantly associated with urolithiasis predisposition. However, subgroup analysis confirmed higher risk of urolithiasis in East-Asian and Caucasian population with ApaI and TaqI gene polymorphism. The analyses of sensitivity acknowledged the results stability. CONCLUSION Although this meta-analysis did not support the association of FokI, TaqI, BsmI, and ApaI in the overall polled analysis, it suggests that ApaI and TaqI SNPs is associated with increased risk of urolithiasis in East-Asian and Caucasians populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyal Imani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Razi
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Khosrojerdi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaivan Lorian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramazan Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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A novel loss-of-function mutation of PBK associated with human kidney stone disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10282. [PMID: 32581305 PMCID: PMC7314804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a prevalent disorder that causes human morbidity worldwide. The etiology of KSD is heterogeneous, ranging from monogenic defect to complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Since mutations of genes responsible for KSD in a majority of families are still unknown, our group is identifying mutations of these genes by means of genomic and genetic analyses. In this study, we identified a novel loss-of-function mutation of PBK, encoding the PDZ binding kinase, that was found to be associated with KSD in an affected Thai family. Glycine (Gly) substituted by arginine (Arg) at position 43 (p.Gly43Arg) in PBK cosegregated with the disease in affected members of this family, but was absent in 180 normal control subjects from the same local population. Gly43 is highly evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates, and its substitution affects protein structure by alterations in H-bond forming patterns. This p.Gly43Arg substitution results in instability of the variant PBK protein as examined in HEK293T cells. The variant PBK protein (p.Gly43Arg) demonstrated decreased kinase activity to phosphorylate p38 MAPK as analyzed by immunoblotting and antibody microarray techniques. Taken together, these findings suggest a possible new mechanism of KSD associated with pathogenic PBK variation.
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8
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Vladimirovna FT, Faridovich KК, Igorevich RV, Mikhailovich RL, Georgievich TD, Victorovich ED, Olegovich KD, Nikolaevna PA, Мikhailovna LМ. Genetic factors of polygenic urolithiasis. Urologia 2020; 87:57-64. [PMID: 32037979 DOI: 10.1177/0391560319898375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The article summarizes the findings of Russian and international studies of the genetic aspects of polygenic urolithiasis associated with impairment of calcium metabolism. The article analyzes the genetic risk factors of polygenic nephrolithiasis that show significant association with the disease in case-control studies and Genome-Wide Association Studies (16 genes). We described the gene functions involved in concrement formation in polygenic nephrolithiasis. The modern molecular and genetic technologies (DNA microarray, high-throughput DNA sequencing, etc.) enable identification of the genetic predisposition to a specific disease, realization of the individualized treatment of the patient, and carrying out timely preventive measures among the proband's relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khafizov Кamil Faridovich
- Research Group for the Development of New Diagnostics Methods based on the Next Generation Sequencing Technologies, Federal Budget Institution of Science "Central Research Institute of Epidemiology" of the Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Litvinova Мaria Мikhailovna
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Daryanto B, Purnomo BB, Gunawan A, Mayasari ED, Kusumaningrum AG, Tamara F, Hutama SA, Fajar JK. The association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and the risk of nephrolithiasis: A meta-analysis. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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10
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Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and risk of urolithiasis: results of a genetic epidemiology study and comprehensive meta-analysis. Urolithiasis 2019; 48:385-401. [PMID: 31515573 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-019-01157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been associated with risk of urolithiasis, but, with inconsistent results and lack data from Pakistani population. Therefore, after including our indigenous study data, a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to provide an evidence-based estimate of any association between VDR polymorphisms and urolithiasis risk. A total of 483 Pakistani subjects, comprising 235 urolithiasis patients and 248 healthy controls, were genotyped for 6 VDR polymorphisms. Additionally, a systematic literature search with subsequent meta-analysis was conducted and pooled odds ratios (ORs) were used to determine the strength of any existent associations. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was also performed. Results revealed no significant association of any VDR polymorphism and urolithiasis risk in indigenous Pakistani patients. However, meta-analysis of 29 relevant studies indicated that VDR FokI polymorphism significantly increased the risk of urolithiasis in allelic (f vs. F: OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.05-1.22; p ≤ 0.01) and recessive (ff vs. FF + Ff: OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.05-1.38; p = 0.01) models with no significant heterogeneity. No associations were evident for VDR ApaI, BsmI and TaqI polymorphic variants and urolithiasis risk after correction for multiple testing. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity suggested significant association for FokI variant among Asians. The TSA results demonstrated that the evidence reflecting association of FokI polymorphism and urolithiasis risk was sufficient and conclusive. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that VDR FokI polymorphism is significantly associated with urolithiasis risk, especially in Asians, whereas ApaI, BsmI and TaqI polymorphisms are not associated.
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11
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van der Wijst J, van Goor MK, Schreuder MF, Hoenderop JG. TRPV5 in renal tubular calcium handling and its potential relevance for nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 2019; 96:1283-1291. [PMID: 31471161 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis or renal stone disease is an increasingly common problem, and its relatively high recurrence rate demands better treatment options. The majority of patients with nephrolithiasis have stones that contain calcium (Ca2+), which develop upon "supersaturation" of the urine with insoluble Ca2+ salts; hence processes that influence the delivery and renal handling of Ca2+ may influence stone formation. Idiopathic hypercalciuria is indeed frequently observed in patients with kidney stones that contain Ca2+. Genetic screens of nephrolithiasis determinants have identified an increasing number of gene candidates, most of which are involved in renal Ca2+ handling. This review provides an outline of the current knowledge regarding genetics of nephrolithiasis and will mainly focus on the epithelial Ca2+ channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 (TRPV5), an important player in Ca2+ homeostasis. Being a member of the TRP family of ion channels, TRPV5 is currently part of a revolution in structural biology. Recent technological breakthroughs in the cryo-electron microscopy field, combined with improvements in biochemical sample preparation, have resulted in high-resolution 3-dimensional structural models of integral membrane proteins, including TRPV5. These models currently are being used to explore the proteins' structure-function relationship, elucidate the molecular mechanisms of channel regulation, and study the putative effects of disease variants. Combined with other multidisciplinary approaches, this approach may open an avenue toward better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in hypercalciuria and stone formation, and ultimately it may facilitate prevention of stone recurrence through the development of effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny van der Wijst
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark K van Goor
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost G Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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12
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Yang S, Song N, Wang Y, Li A, Liu J, Deng F, Zhan M, Zhang W, Han Y, Zhang H. Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism With the Risk of Nephrolithiasis. Ther Apher Dial 2019; 23:425-436. [DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi‐Kun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Yang‐Yang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Ai‐Mei Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Fei Deng
- Department of Nephrolithiasis, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Ming Zhan
- Department of International Medicine, Ningbo First HospitalZhejiang University Ningbo China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Ya‐Chun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
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13
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Loss-of-function mutations of SCN10A encoding Na V1.8 α subunit of voltage-gated sodium channel in patients with human kidney stone disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10453. [PMID: 29992996 PMCID: PMC6041274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human kidney stone disease (KSD) causes significant morbidity and public health burden worldwide. The etiology of KSD is heterogeneous, ranging from monogenic defects to complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. However, the genetic defects causing KSD in the majority of affected families are still unknown. Here, we report the discovery of mutations of SCN10A, encoding NaV1.8 α subunit of voltage-gated sodium channel, in families with KSD. The region on chromosome 3 where SCN10A locates was initially identified in a large family with KSD by genome-wide linkage analysis and exome sequencing. Two mutations (p.N909K and p.K1809R) in the same allele of SCN10A co-segregated with KSD in the affected family. Additional mutation (p.V1149M) of SCN10A was identified in another affected family, strongly supporting the causal role of SCN10A for KSD. The amino acids at these three positions, N909, K1809, and V1149, are highly conserved in vertebrate evolution, indicating their structural and functional significances. NaV1.8 α subunit mRNA and protein were found to express in human kidney tissues. The mutant proteins expressed in cultured cells were unstable and causing reduced current density as analyzed by whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Thus, loss-of-function mutations of SCN10A were associated with KSD in the families studied.
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Yang Z, Wang Q, Zhong JF, Li L. Polymorphisms of the VDR gene in patients with nephrolithiasis in a Han Chinese population. Urolithiasis 2018; 47:149-154. [PMID: 29549381 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-1053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
An association study between VDR gene polymorphisms and nephrolithiasis was conducted in different populations, but it is not yet known whether the association exists in the Han Chinese population. Here, we genotyped three SNPs (rs731236, rs7975232 and rs10735810) in the promoter region of the VDR gene by iMLDR genotyping assays in a large case-control cohort. The results demonstrated that there was no association found between the three SNPs (rs731236, rs7975232 and rs10735810) in the VDR gene and nephrolithiasis, whether in allele or genotype distribution. However, SNP rs10735810 was correlated with the level of serum calcium in control groups, but not in patient groups. In conclusion, considering the large sample size, we believe that the SNP rs10735810 allele A in the VDR gene promoter region may influence the level of serum calcium, but not influence the formation of nephrolithiasis in a Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang F Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Ostrow School of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Longkun Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Mitra P, Guha M, Ghosh S, Mukherjee S, Bankura B, Pal DK, Maity B, Das M. Association of calcitonin receptor gene ( CALCR ) polymorphism with kidney stone disease in the population of West Bengal, India. Gene 2017; 622:23-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Sayer JA. Progress in Understanding the Genetics of Calcium-Containing Nephrolithiasis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:748-759. [PMID: 27932479 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal stone disease is a frequent condition, causing a huge burden on health care systems globally. Calcium-based calculi account for around 75% of renal stone disease and the incidence of these calculi is increasing, suggesting environmental and dietary factors are acting upon a preexisting genetic background. The familial nature and significant heritability of stone disease is known, and recent genetic studies have successfully identified genes that may be involved in renal stone formation. The detection of monogenic causes of renal stone disease has been made more feasible by the use of high-throughput sequencing technologies and has also facilitated the discovery of novel monogenic causes of stone disease. However, the majority of calcium stone formers remain of undetermined genotype. Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies implicate a series of genes involved in renal tubular handling of lithogenic substrates, such as calcium, oxalate, and phosphate, and of inhibitors of crystallization, such as citrate and magnesium. Additionally, expression profiling of renal tissues from stone formers provides a novel way to explore disease pathways. New animal models to explore these recently-identified mechanisms and therapeutic interventions are being tested, which hopefully will provide translational insights to stop the growing incidence of nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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Yasui T, Okada A, Hamamoto S, Ando R, Taguchi K, Tozawa K, Kohri K. Pathophysiology-based treatment of urolithiasis. Int J Urol 2016; 24:32-38. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - Atsushi Okada
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - Shuzo Hamamoto
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ando
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - Kazumi Taguchi
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - Keiichi Tozawa
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kohri
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
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Goknar N, Öktem F, Torun E, Gok O, Demir AD, Kucukkoc M, Kilic U. The role of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in Turkish infants with urolithiasis. Ren Fail 2016; 38:545-51. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2016.1148557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Guha M, Bankura B, Ghosh S, Pattanayak AK, Ghosh S, Pal DK, Puri A, Kundu AK, Das M. Polymorphisms in CaSR and CLDN14 Genes Associated with Increased Risk of Kidney Stone Disease in Patients from the Eastern Part of India. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130790. [PMID: 26107257 PMCID: PMC4480968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a major clinical problem imposing a large burden for both healthcare and economy globally. In India, the prevalence of kidney stone disease is rapidly increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the association between genetic defects in vitamin D receptor (VDR), calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) and claudin 14 (CLDN14) genes and kidney stone disease in patients from eastern India. We enrolled 200 consecutive kidney stone patients (age 18-60 years) (cases) and their corresponding sex and age matched 200 normal individuals (controls). To identify genetic variants responsible for KSD, we performed sequence analysis of VDR, CaSR and CLDN14 genes. Four non-synonymous (rs1801725, rs1042636, rs1801726 and rs2228570), one synonymous (rs219780) and three intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs731236, rs219777 and rs219778) were identified. Genotype and allele frequency analysis of these SNPs revealed that, rs1801725 (Ala986Ser), rs1042636 (Arg990Gly) of CaSR gene and rs219778, rs219780 (Thr229Thr) of CLDN14 gene were significantly associated with KSD. Serum calcium levels were significantly higher in subjects carrying 986Ser allele and calcium excretion was higher in subjects bearing 990Gly allele. In conclusion, rs1801725, rs1042636, rs219778 and rs219780 SNPs were associated with kidney stone risk in patients from the eastern part of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manalee Guha
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Sudakshina Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Saurabh Ghosh
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Pal
- Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anurag Puri
- Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anup Kumar Kundu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Madhusudan Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
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20
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Arcidiacono T, Mingione A, Macrina L, Pivari F, Soldati L, Vezzoli G. Idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis: a review of pathogenic mechanisms in the light of genetic studies. Am J Nephrol 2014; 40:499-506. [PMID: 25504362 DOI: 10.1159/000369833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium nephrolithiasis is a multifactorial disease with a polygenic milieu. Association studies identified genetic polymorphisms potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of calcium nephrolithiasis. The present article reviews the mechanisms of calcium stone formation and the potential contribution of gene polymorphisms to lithogenic mechanisms. SUMMARY Endoscopy observations suggested that precipitation of calcium-oxalate on the Randall's plaque at the papilla surface may cause idiopathic calcium-oxalate stones. The Randall's plaque is a hydroxyapatite deposit in the interstitium of the kidney medulla, which resembles a soft tissue calcification. Conversely, calcium-phosphate stones may develop from crystalline deposits located at the tip of the Bellini duct. Polymorphisms of eleven genes have been associated with stones in genome-wide association studies and replicated candidate-gene association studies: VDR, SLC34A1, SLC34A4, CLDN14, and CaSR genes coding for proteins regulating tubular phosphate and calcium reabsorption; CaSR, MGP, OPN, PLAU, and UMOD genes coding for proteins preventing calcium salt precipitation; AQP1 gene coding for a water channel in the proximal tubule. The renal activity of the last gene, DGKH, is unknown. Polymorphisms in these genes may predispose to calcium-oxalate and -phosphate stones by increasing the risk of calcium-phosphate precipitation in the tubular fluid. Key Messages: Genetic findings suggest that tubular fluid supersaturation with respect to calcium and phosphate predisposes to calcium-oxalate stones by triggering cellular mechanisms that lead to the Randall's plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Arcidiacono
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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21
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Kim WT, Kim YJ, Yun SJ, Shin KS, Choi YD, Lee SC, Kim WJ. Role of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone in urinary calcium excretion in calcium stone formers. Yonsei Med J 2014; 55:1326-32. [PMID: 25048492 PMCID: PMC4108819 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.5.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To find out the possible role of 1,25(OH)₂ vitamin D₃ [1,25(OH)₂D₃] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) as intrinsic factors in urinary calcium stone formers (SFs), we investigated their relationship with serum and urinary biochemical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 326 calcium SFs (male: 204, female: 122) were enrolled and underwent outpatient metabolic evaluations including 1,25(OH)₂D₃ and PTH as well as serum and 24-hour urinary biochemical parameters. As control, 163 age- and sex-matched (2:1) individuals (non-SFs) who have never urinary stone episode were included. RESULTS 1,25(OH)₂D₃ level was positively correlated with urinary calcium excretion (r=0.347, p<0.001). The hypercalciuric group and recurrent SFs had higher serum 1,25(OH)₂D₃ levels than the normocalciuric group (p<0.001) and first SFs (p=0.050). In the adjusted multiple linear regression analysis, serum 1,25(OH)₂D₃ level (β=0.259, p<0.001) and serum PTH level (β=-0.160, p<0.001) were significantly correlated with urinary calcium excretion. The patients in highest tertile of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ had a more than 3.1 fold risk of hypercalciuria than those in the lowest tertile (odds ratio=3.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.431-6.888, p=0.004). No correlation was observed between PTH and 1,25(OH)₂D₃ (R=0.005, p=0.929) in calcium SFs, while a negative correlation was found in controls (R=-0.269, p=0.001). CONCLUSION 1,25(OH)₂D₃ was closely correlated with urinary calcium excretion, and high 1,25(OH)₂D₃ levels were detected in the hypercalciuric group and in recurrent SFs. However, 1,25(OH)₂D₃ was not correlated with PTH in calcium SFs. These findings suggest that 1,25(OH)₂D₃ might be important intrinsic factor for altered calcium regulation in SFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea. ; Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-June Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sub Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young Deuk Choi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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22
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Zhou TB, Jiang ZP, Li AH, Ju L. Association of vitamin D receptor BsmI (rs1544410), Fok1 (rs2228570), TaqI (rs731236) and ApaI (rs7975232) gene polymorphism with the nephrolithiasis susceptibility. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 35:107-14. [PMID: 25051494 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.936459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism with the risk of nephrolithiasis from the published reports is still conflicting. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between VDR BsmI (rs1544410), Fok1 (rs2228570), TaqI (rs731236) and ApaI (rs7975232) gene polymorphism and the risk of nephrolithiasis using meta-analysis method. The association studies were identified from PubMed, and Cochrane Library on 1 April 2014, and eligible investigations were included and synthesized using meta-analysis method. Six reports were recruited into this meta-analysis for the association of VDR BsmI, Fok1, TaqI and ApaI gene polymorphism with nephrolithiasis susceptibility. In this meta-analysis, VDR BsmI, Fok1, TaqI and ApaI gene polymorphism were not associated with nephrolithiasis susceptibility for overall populations and in Caucasians. However, the Fok1 f allele and ff genotype were associated with the risk of nephrolithiasis in Asians, but the FF genotype not. Furthermore, TaqI TT genotype was associated with the risk of nephrolithiasis in Asians, but the t allele and tt genotype not. However, ApaI gene polymorphism was not associated with nephrolithiasis susceptibility in Asians. In conclusion, VDR BsmI, Fok1, TaqI and ApaI gene polymorphism were not associated with nephrolithiasis risk in overall populations and in Caucasians. But, the Fok1 f allele and ff genotype, TaqI TT genotype, ApaI gene polymorphism were associated with the risk of nephrolithiasis in Asians. However, more studies should be conducted to confirm it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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24
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Frick KK, Asplin JR, Favus MJ, Culbertson C, Krieger NS, Bushinsky DA. Increased biological response to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F718-26. [PMID: 23344574 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00645.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rats, bred to maximize urine (U) calcium (Ca) excretion, have increased intestinal Ca absorption and bone Ca resorption and reduced renal Ca reabsorption, leading to increased UCa compared with the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. GHS rats have increased vitamin D receptors (VDR) at each of these sites, with normal levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) (1,25D), indicating that their VDR is undersaturated with 1,25D. We tested the hypothesis that 1,25D would induce a greater increase in UCa in GHS rats by feeding both strains ample Ca and injecting 1,25D (25 ng · 100 g body wt(-1) · day(-1)) or vehicle for 16 days. With 1,25D, UCa in SD increased from 1.7 ± 0.3 mg/day to 24.4 ± 1.2 (Δ = 22.4 ± 1.5) and increased more in GHS from 10.5 ± 0.7 to 41.9 ± 0.7 (Δ = 29.8 ± 1.8; P = 0.003). To determine the mechanism of the greater increase in UCa in GHS rats, we measured kidney RNA expression of components of renal Ca transport. Expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)5 and calbindin D(28K) were increased similarly in SD + 1,25D and GHS + 1,25D. The Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1) was increased in GHS + 1,25D. Klotho was decreased in SD + 1,25D and GHS + 1,25D. TRPV6 was increased in SD + 1,25D and increased further in GHS + 1,25D. Claudin 14, 16, and 19, Na/K/2Cl transporter (NKCC2), and secretory K channel (ROMK) did not differ between SD + 1,25D and GHS + 1,25D. Increased UCa with 1,25D in GHS exceeded that of SD, indicating that the increased VDR in GHS induces a greater biological response. This increase in UCa, which must come from the intestine and/or bone, must exceed any effect of 1,25D on TRPV6 or NCX1-mediated renal Ca reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Frick
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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25
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Basiri A, Shakhssalim N, Houshmand M, Kashi AH, Azadvari M, Golestan B, Mohammadi Pargoo E, Pakmanesh H. Coding region analysis of vitamin D receptor gene and its association with active calcium stone disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 40:35-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-011-0399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Esposito T, Rendina D, Aloia A, Formicola D, Magliocca S, De Filippo G, Muscariello R, Mossetti G, Gianfrancesco F, Strazzullo P. The melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene is associated with recurrent and idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:210-8. [PMID: 21652546 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence indicate that melatonin regulates some renal tubular functions via specific melatonin receptors (MTNRs) located in the kidney of several avian and mammalian species, including humans. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the melatonin receptor 1A gene (MTNR1A) might influence the risk of calcium nephrolithiasis. METHODS We performed a systematic analysis of the MTNR1A gene in 246 recurrent calcium stone formers (136 men, 110 women; mean age 40.2 ± 12.0 years; body mass index 25.8 ± 4.5 kg/m2) and 269 healthy controls comparable for age and gender without a history of nephrolithiasis. RESULTS Two SNPs in Intron 1 of MTNR1A were significantly associated with calcium nephrolithiasis: rs13140012 (P = 0.0004) and rs6553010 (P = 0.009). The haplotypes resulting from the two SNPs were also differently distributed between stone formers and controls, the haplotype A-T being more represented among stone formers (P = 0.00001) and the haplotype T-C being more common in healthy controls (P = 0.00001). Preliminary functional studies showed that the SNP rs13140012 could modify the binding sites for transcription factors. CONCLUSION The results of this case-control study indicate a strong association between allelic variants of MTNR1A and recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Esposito
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Italian National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
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27
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Lin Y, Mao Q, Zheng X, Chen H, Yang K, Xie L. Vitamin D Receptor Genetic Polymorphisms and the Risk of Urolithiasis: A Meta-Analysis. Urol Int 2011; 86:249-55. [DOI: 10.1159/000323949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Rendina D, De Filippo G, Zampa G, Muscariello R, Mossetti G, Strazzullo P. Characteristic clinical and biochemical profile of recurrent calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis in patients with metabolic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 26:2256-63. [PMID: 21051502 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for nephrolithiasis. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical and biochemical profile of calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis in stone formers with metabolic syndrome. METHODS A total of 526 recurrent stone formers, 184 of them with metabolic syndrome, and 214 controls were examined on a free diet and after a sodium-restricted diet (sodium intake < 100 mmol/24 h). RESULTS On free diet, stone formers with metabolic syndrome showed higher sodium excretion [mean (95% confidence interval), 196 (176-218) vs 160 (150-168) mmol/24 h; P < 0.01] and lower citrate excretion [2.23 (1.99-2.58) vs 2.84 (2.51-3.17) mmol/24 h; P < 0.01] compared to controls, whereas stone formers without metabolic syndrome showed higher calcium and oxalate excretion [5.43 (5.01-5.82) vs 3.58 (2.84-4.19) and 0.34 (0.32-0.36) vs 0.26 (0.20-0.31)m mmol/24 h for calcium and oxalate, respectively; P < 0.01] and lower citrate excretion [2.18 (1.98-2.38) vs 2.84 (2.51-3.17) mmol/24 h; P < 0.01] compared to controls. The ion activity product of urinary calcium-oxalate salts was similar between stone formers with and without metabolic syndrome [1.41 (1.31-1.59) vs 1.40 (1.35-1.45); P > 0.05]. After the test diet, this index was lower in diet-compliant stone formers with metabolic syndrome compared to diet-compliant stone formers without metabolic syndrome [1.15 (1.10-1.21) vs 1.39 (1.31-1.45); P < 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS The biochemical profiles and responses to the sodium-restricted diet were significantly different between stone formers with metabolic syndrome and those without. Dietary habits play a central role in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis in stone formers with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Rendina
- Departament of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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29
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Vezzoli G, Terranegra A, Arcidiacono T, Soldati L. Genetics and calcium nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 2010; 80:587-93. [PMID: 20962745 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Calcium nephrolithiasis is one of the most prevalent uronephrologic disorders in the western countries. Studies in families and twins evidenced a genetic predisposition to calcium nephrolithiasis. Family-based or case-control studies of single-candidate genes evidenced the possible involvement of calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and osteopontin (OPN) gene polymorphisms in stone formation. The only high-throughput genome-wide association study identified claudin 14 (CLDN14) gene as a possible major gene of nephrolithiasis. Specific phenotypes were related with these genes: CASR gene in normocitraturic patients, VDR gene in hypocitraturic patients with severe clinical course, and CLDN14 gene in hypercalciuric patients. The pathogenetic weight of these genes remains unclear, but an alteration of their expression may occur in stone formers. Technological skills, accurate clinical examination, and a detailed phenotype description are the basis to get new insight about the genetic basis of nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vezzoli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy.
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An assessment of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3, estradiol and testosterone in men with active calcium stone disease and evaluation of its biochemical risk factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 39:1-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-010-0276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Hamilton DC, Grover VK, Smith CA, Cole DEC. Heterogeneous Disease Modeling for Hardy-Weinberg Disequilibrium in Case-Control Studies: Application to Renal Stones and Calcium-Sensing Receptor Polymorphisms. Ann Hum Genet 2009; 73:176-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mossetti G, Gennari L, Rendina D, De Filippo G, Merlotti D, De Paola V, Fusco P, Esposito T, Gianfrancesco F, Martini G, Nuti R, Strazzullo P. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms predict acquired resistance to clodronate treatment in patients with Paget's disease of bone. Calcif Tissue Int 2008; 83:414-24. [PMID: 19020788 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-008-9193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are first-choice drugs for treatment of Paget's disease of bone (PDB); nevertheless, acquired resistance to bisphosphonate therapy has been described in PDB patients. The 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)/vitamin D receptor (VDR) system influences the effectiveness of antiresorptive treatments in metabolic bone disorders. This study evaluated the relationship between acquired resistance to clodronate treatment and BsmI, TaqI, and FokI VDR polymorphisms in Caucasian patients with polyostotic PDB (n = 84). We also evaluated the influence of mutations in exons 7 and 8 of the sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) gene on the occurrence of this phenomenon. All patients were treated from diagnosis for several cycles with intravenous clodronate infusion (1500 mg/cycle). Acquired resistance to clodronate treatment was defined as the failure of total alkaline phosphatase serum levels to be suppressed to at least 50% of the patient's previous highest levels during a subsequent treatment course with the same compound, which produced a >50% response after the first exposure. During an observation period of 10.6 +/- 2.7 years, 31 PDB patients (36.9%) showed acquired resistance to clodronate. It was observed that the bb and TT VDR genotypes as well as a lower persistence of the biochemical response to the first treatment course were significantly and independently associated with the risk of developing resistance to clodronate treatment. SQSTM1 gene mutations, considered altogether, did not influence the occurrence of this phenomenon. Our results indicate that 3'VDR allelic variants and duration of biochemical response to the first treatment course are independent predictors of acquired resistance to clodronate treatment in patients with polyostotic PDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mossetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University Medical School, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy.
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Rendina D, Mossetti G, De Filippo G, Benvenuto D, Vivona CL, Imbroinise A, Zampa G, Ricchio S, Strazzullo P. Association between metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis in an inpatient population in southern Italy: role of gender, hypertension and abdominal obesity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 24:900-6. [PMID: 18835844 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and nephrolithiasis (NL) are quite common disorders. While some of the components of MetS have been proposed as precursors of NL in population studies, no data are available about the possible association between NL and MetS as such. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between MetS and NL. The secondary outcome was to examine the relationship between MetS single constitutive elements and NL considering the strict correlation occurring among these factors. METHODS We studied 2132 Caucasian inpatients of the 'Spinelli' Hospital in southern Italy (males/females = 0.95; mean age 63.8 +/- 15.8 years; body mass index 26.1 +/- 3.9 kg/m(2)). The MetS diagnosis was performed according to the Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria. The presence of NL was assessed by ultrasound examination of the kidneys and upper urinary tract. RESULTS Seven hundred twenty-five subjects (34.0%) had a positive diagnosis of MetS. Two hundred twenty subjects (10.3%) had echographic evidence of NL, while 199 subjects reported a past history of NL (9.3%). The presence of MetS, as well as the male sex, and the occurrence of a previous episode of NL (in male subjects only) were each independently related to echographic evidence of NL. Among the individual components of MetS, high blood pressure and abdominal obesity (in female individuals only) were also independently related to echographic evidence of NL. CONCLUSIONS MetS is significantly associated with echographic evidence of NL. A gender-related difference in the clinical expression of NL was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Rendina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
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Liu CC, Huang CH, Wu WJ, Huang SP, Chou YH, Li CC, Chai CY, Wu MT. Association of vitamin D receptor (Fok-I) polymorphism with the clinical presentation of calcium urolithiasis. BJU Int 2007; 99:1534-8. [PMID: 17419705 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.06792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism on the clinical presentation of calcium urolithiasis, as a FokI polymorphism in the VDR gene was recently reported to be associated with calcium metabolism disorders. PATIENTS, SUBJECTS AND METHODS In all, 235 patients with calcium urolithiasis and 231 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited from Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital between June 2003 and February 2005. Clinical information on the age at first onset, stone episodes, stone severity and presence of family history were collected from patients with stones. Any VDR FokI polymorphism was detected using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis. RESULTS The frequency of VDR FokI genotypes between the patients and the healthy controls was not significantly different. However, among patients, those with the FF genotype had a significantly higher risk of having more stone episodes (adjusted odds ratio 2.15, 95% confidence interval 1.02-4.54, P = 0.044) and were younger at the first onset (3.23, 1.08-9.63, P = 0.036) than those with the ff genotype. CONCLUSION The VDR FokI polymorphism might be important in the clinical presentation of patients with calcium urolithiasis, especially for the frequency of stone episodes and age at first onset, although it is not associated with the formation of stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chu Liu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2005. [DOI: 10.1097/01.mnh.0000172731.05865.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bid HK, Chaudhary H, Mittal RD. Association of vitamin-D and calcitonin receptor gene polymorphism in paediatric nephrolithiasis. Pediatr Nephrol 2005; 20:773-6. [PMID: 15856322 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-005-1846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2004] [Revised: 12/29/2004] [Accepted: 01/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of vitamin-D receptor gene (VDR) and calcitonin receptor (CTR) gene polymorphism in childhood nephrolithiasis in the north Indian population. A control group of 60 healthy paediatric individuals (age range 4-16 years) and 50 paediatric patients (age range 2-14 years) with kidney stones were examined. Polymorphism in both genes (VDR and CTR) was detected by using PCR-based restriction analysis. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups for the genotypes of the VDR gene Fok-I polymorphism (P =0.007) and the CTR gene (P =0.048) polymorphism. The odds ratio (95% Confidence Interval) for the C allele in those at risk of stone disease was 1.83 (0.82-4.09) in VDR gene polymorphism and 1.99 (0.90-4.39) in the case of CTR gene polymorphism. Our results suggest that the effects of VDR (Fok-I) and CTR gene polymorphism contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of urinary calculi. It is also suggestive of a potential candidate gene in the search for genetic causes of paediatric calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kumar Bid
- Department of Urology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Urol 2005. [DOI: 10.1097/01.mou.0000160630.81978.ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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