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Zeng J, Hua S, Liu J, Mungur R, He Y, Feng J. Identification of core genes as potential biomarkers for predicting progression and prognosis in glioblastoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:928407. [PMID: 36238156 PMCID: PMC9552700 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.928407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma is a common malignant neuroepithelial neoplasm with poor clinical outcomes and limited treatment options. It is extremely important to search and confirm diverse hub genes that are effective in the advance and prediction of glioblastoma. Methods: We analyzed GSE50161, GSE4290, and GSE68848, the three microarray datasets retrieved from the GEO database. GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed using DAVID. The PPI network of the DEGs was analyzed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database and visualized by Cytoscape software. Hub genes were identified through the PPI network and a robust rank aggregation method. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Oncomine database were used to validate the hub genes. In addition, a survival curve analysis was conducted to verify the correlation between the expression of hub genes and patient prognosis. Human glioblastoma cells and normal cells were collected, and then RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were conducted to validate the expression of the NDC80 gene. A cell proliferation assay was used to detect the proliferation of glioma cells. The effects of NDC80 expression on migration and invasion of GBM cell lines were evaluated by conducting scratch and transwell assays. Results: A total of 716 DEGs were common to all three microarray datasets, which included 188 upregulated DEGs and 528 downregulated DEGs. Furthermore, we found that among the common DEGs, 10 hub genes showed a high degree of connectivity. The expression of the 10 hub genes in TCGA and the Oncomine database was significantly overexpressed in glioblastoma compared with normal genes. Additionally, the survival analysis showed that the patients with low expression of six genes (BIR5C, CDC20, NDC80, CDK1, TOP2A, and MELK) had a significantly favorable prognosis (p < 0.01). We discovered that NDC80, which has been shown to be important in other cancers, also has an important role in malignant gliomas. The RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence results showed that the expression level of NDC80 was significantly higher in human glioblastoma cells than in normal cells. Moreover, we identified that NDC80 increased the proliferation and invasion abilities of human glioblastoma cells. Conclusion: The six genes identified here may be utilized to form a panel of disease progression and predictive biomarkers of glioblastoma for clinical purposes. NDC80, one of the six genes, was discovered to have a potentially important role in GBM, a finding that needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Zeng,
| | - Shushan Hua
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rajneesh Mungur
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiugeng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Nucleic acid therapy in pediatric cancer. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106441. [PMID: 36096420 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The overall survival, progress free survival, and life quality of cancer patients have improved due to the advance in minimally invasive surgery, precision radiotherapy, and various combined chemotherapy in the last decade. Furthermore, the discovery of new types of therapeutics, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and immune cell therapies have facilitated both patients and doctors to fight with cancers. Moreover, in the context of the development in biocompatible and cell type targeting nano-carriers as well as nucleic acid-based drugs for initiating and enhancing the anti-tumor response have come to the age. The treatment paradigms utilization of nucleic acids, including short interfering RNA (siRNA), antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), and messenger RNA (mRNA), can target specific protein expression to achieve the therapeutic effects. Over ten nucleic acid therapeutics have been approved by the FDA and EMA in rare diseases and genetic diseases as well as dozens of registered clinical trails for varies cancers. Though generally less dangerous of pediatric cancers than adult cancers was observed during the past decades, yet pediatric cancers accounted for a significant proportion of child deaths which hurt those family very deeply. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention for improving the treatment of pediatric cancer and discovering new nucleic acid therapeutics which may help to improve the therapeutic effect and prognoses in turns to ameliorate the survival period and quality of life for children patient. In this review, we focus on the nucleic acid therapy in pediatric cancers.
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NKG2C+ NK Cells for Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105857. [PMID: 35628668 PMCID: PMC9148069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In glioblastoma, non-classical human leucocyte antigen E (HLA-E) and HLA-G are frequently overexpressed. HLA-E loaded with peptides derived from HLA class I and from HLA-G contributes to inhibition of natural killer (NK) cells with expression of the inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2A. We investigated whether NK cells expressing the activating CD94/NKG2C receptor counterpart were able to exert anti-glioma effects. NKG2C+ subsets were preferentially expanded by a feeder cell line engineered to express an artificial disulfide-stabilized trimeric HLA-E ligand (HLA-E*spG). NK cells expanded by a feeder cell line, which facilitates outgrowth of conventional NKG2A+, and fresh NK cells, were included for comparison. Expansion via the HLA-E*spG feeder cells selectively increased the fraction of NKG2C+ NK cells, which displayed a higher frequency of KIR2DL2/L3/S2 and CD16 when compared to expanded NKG2A+ NK cells. NKG2C+ NK cells exhibited increased cytotoxicity against K562 and KIR:HLA-matched and -mismatched primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells when compared to NKG2A+ NK cells and corresponding fresh NK cells. Cytotoxic responses of NKG2C+ NK cells were even more pronounced when utilizing target cells engineered with HLA-E*spG. These findings support the notion that NKG2C+ NK cells have potential therapeutic value for treating gliomas.
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Different Effects of RNAi-Mediated Downregulation or Chemical Inhibition of NAMPT in an Isogenic IDH Mutant and Wild-Type Glioma Cell Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105787. [PMID: 35628596 PMCID: PMC9143996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The IDH1R132H mutation in glioma results in the neoenzymatic function of IDH1, leading to the production of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), alterations in energy metabolism and changes in the cellular redox household. Although shifts in the redox ratio NADPH/NADP+ were described, the consequences for the NAD+ synthesis pathways and potential therapeutic interventions were largely unexplored. Here, we describe the effects of heterozygous IDH1R132H on the redox system in a CRISPR/Cas edited glioblastoma model and compare them with IDH1 wild-type (IDH1wt) cells. Besides an increase in 2-HG and decrease in NADPH, we observed an increase in NAD+ in IDH1R132H glioblastoma cells. RT-qPCR analysis revealed the upregulation of the expression of the NAD+ synthesis enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Knockdown of NAMPT resulted in significantly reduced viability in IDH1R132H glioblastoma cells. Given this dependence of IDH1R132H cells on NAMPT expression, we explored the effects of the NAMPT inhibitors FK866, GMX1778 and GNE-617. Surprisingly, these agents were equally cytotoxic to IDH1R132H and IDH1wt cells. Altogether, our results indicate that targeting the NAD+ synthesis pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy in IDH mutant gliomas; however, the agent should be carefully considered since three small-molecule inhibitors of NAMPT tested in this study were not suitable for this purpose.
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Amphiphilic Anionic Oligomer-Stabilized Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles with Prospects in siRNA Delivery via Convection-Enhanced Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020326. [PMID: 35214058 PMCID: PMC8877163 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has been introduced as a concept in cancer treatment to generate high local concentrations of anticancer therapeutics and overcome the limited diffusional distribution, e.g., in the brain. RNA interference provides interesting therapeutic options to fight cancer cells but requires nanoparticulate (NP) carriers with a size below 100 nm as well as a low zeta potential for CED application. In this study, we investigated calcium phosphate NPs (CaP-NPs) as siRNA carriers for CED application. Since CaP-NPs tend to aggregate, we introduced a new terpolymer (o14PEGMA(1:1:2.5) NH3) for stabilization of CaP-NPs intended for delivery of siRNA to brain cancer cells. This small terpolymer provides PEG chains for steric stabilization, and a fat alcohol to improve interfacial activity, as well as maleic anhydrides that allow for both labeling and high affinity to Ca(II) in the hydrolyzed state. In a systematic approach, we varied the Ca/P ratio as well as the terpolymer concentration and successfully stabilized NPs with the desired properties. Labeling of the terpolymer with the fluorescent dye Cy5 revealed the terpolymer’s high affinity to CaP. Importantly, we also determined a high efficiency of siRNA binding to the NPs that caused very effective survivin siRNA silencing in F98 rat brain cancer cells. Cytotoxicity investigations with a standard cell line resulted in minor and transient effects; no adverse effects were observed in organotypic brain slice cultures. However, more specific cytotoxicity investigations are required. This study provides a systematic and mechanistic analysis characterizing the effects of the first oligomer of a new class of stabilizers for siRNA-loaded CaP-NPs.
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Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction-Mediated Inhibition of Livin Expression Accelerates Ovarian Cancer Cell Apoptosis. Genet Res (Camb) 2021; 2021:7624346. [PMID: 34949962 PMCID: PMC8677365 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7624346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technique has recently been developed as a nonviral delivery of gene therapy. This study aimed at investigating the survival and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cell line OVCA-433 by inhibiting Livin expression through ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction. Methods We synthesized a targeted microbubble agent for UTMD-mediated shRNA against Livin gene in human ovarian cancer OVCA-433 cells. Lipid microbubbles were conjugated with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LHRHa) by an avidin-biotin linkage to target the ovarian cancer OVCA-433 cells expressing LHRH receptors. The microbubbles were mixed with the recombinant plasmid harboring shRNA-Livin. shRNA-Livin was transfected into OVCA-433 cells upon exposure to 1 MHz pulsed ultrasound beam (0.5 W/cm2) for 8 s. Cell survival was measured by the MTT assay, cell apoptosis by flow cytometry using annexin V/PI double staining, and cell ultrastructure by using the transmission electron microscope. The mRNA and protein expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 were detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Results UTMD-mediated delivery of shRNA-Livin remarkably reduced the survival of OVCA-433 cells but promoted the apoptosis compared with shRNA-Livin alone, shRNA-Livin plus nontargeted microbubbles, and shRNA-Livin plus LHRHa-conjugated microbubbles containing shRNA-Livin with or without exposure to ultrasound pulses. It was also found that UTMD-mediated delivery of shRNA-Livin notably declined the mRNA and protein expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in OVCA-433 cells compared with shRNA-Livin alone, shRNA-Livin plus nontargeted microbubbles, and shRNA-Livin plus LHRHa-conjugated microbubbles containing shRNA-Livin with or without exposure to ultrasound pulses. Conclusion Our experiment verifies the hypothesis that ultrasound mediation of targeted microbubbles can enhance the transfection efficiency of shRNA-Livin in ovarian cancer cells.
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Targeted RNAi of BIRC5/Survivin Using Antibody-Conjugated Poly(Propylene Imine)-Based Polyplexes Inhibits Growth of PSCA-Positive Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050676. [PMID: 34066833 PMCID: PMC8151203 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of siRNAs for the treatment of tumors critically depends on the development of efficient nucleic acid carrier systems. The complexation of dendritic polymers (dendrimers) results in nanoparticles, called dendriplexes, that protect siRNA from degradation and mediate non-specific cellular uptake of siRNA. However, large siRNA doses are required for in vivo use due to accumulation of the nanoparticles in sinks such as the lung, liver, and spleen. This suggests the exploration of targeted nanoparticles for enhancing tumor cell specificity and achieving higher siRNA levels in tumors. In this work, we report on the targeted delivery of a therapeutic siRNA specific for BIRC5/Survivin in vitro and in vivo to tumor cells expressing the surface marker prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA). For this, polyplexes consisting of single-chain antibody fragments specific for PSCA conjugated to siRNA/maltose-modified poly(propylene imine) dendriplexes were used. These polyplexes were endocytosed by PSCA-positive 293TPSCA/ffLuc and PC3PSCA cells and caused knockdown of reporter gene firefly luciferase and Survivin expression, respectively. In a therapeutic study in PC3PSCA xenograft-bearing mice, significant anti-tumor effects were observed upon systemic administration of the targeted polyplexes. This indicates superior anti-tumor efficacy when employing targeted delivery of Survivin-specific siRNA, based on the additive effects of siRNA-mediated Survivin knockdown in combination with scFv-mediated PSCA inhibition.
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Was H, Borkowska A, Olszewska A, Klemba A, Marciniak M, Synowiec A, Kieda C. Polyploidy formation in cancer cells: How a Trojan horse is born. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 81:24-36. [PMID: 33727077 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ploidy increase has been shown to occur in different type of tumors and participate in tumor initiation and resistance to the treatment. Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) are cells with multiple nuclei or a single giant nucleus containing multiple complete sets of chromosomes. The mechanism leading to formation of PGCCs may depend on: endoreplication, mitotic slippage, cytokinesis failure, cell fusion or cell cannibalism. Polyploidy formation might be triggered in response to various genotoxic stresses including: chemotherapeutics, radiation, hypoxia, oxidative stress or environmental factors like: air pollution, UV light or hyperthermia. A fundamental feature of polyploid cancer cells is the generation of progeny during the reversal of the polyploid state (depolyploidization) that may show high aggressiveness resulting in the formation of resistant disease and tumor recurrence. Therefore, we propose that modern anti-cancer therapies should be designed taking under consideration polyploidization/ depolyploidization processes, which confer the polyploidization a hidden potential similar to a Trojan horse delayed aggressiveness. Various mechanisms and stress factors leading to polyploidy formation in cancer cells are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Was
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Borkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Olszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Klemba
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland; College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Marciniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Synowiec
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland
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Gutsch D, Jenke R, Büch T, Aigner A. Inhibition of HER Receptors Reveals Distinct Mechanisms of Compensatory Upregulation of Other HER Family Members: Basis for Acquired Resistance and for Combination Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:272. [PMID: 33572976 PMCID: PMC7911202 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of members of the HER/erbB transmembrane tyrosine kinase family like HER2/erbB2/neu is associated with various cancers. Some heterodimers, especially HER2/HER3 heterodimers, are particularly potent inducers of oncogenic signaling. Still, from a clinical viewpoint their inhibition has yielded only moderate success so far, despite promising data from cell cultures. This suggests acquired resistance upon inhibitor therapy as one putative issue, requiring further studies in cell culture also aiming at rational combination therapies. In this paper, we demonstrate in ovarian carcinoma cells that the RNAi-mediated single knockdown of HER2 or HER3 leads to the rapid counter-upregulation of the respective other HER family member, thus providing a rational basis for combinatorial inhibition. Concomitantly, combined knockdown of HER2/HER3 exerts stronger anti-tumor effects as compared to single inhibition. In a tumor cell line xenograft mouse model, therapeutic intervention with nanoscale complexes based on polyethylenimine (PEI) for siRNA delivery, again reveals HER3 upregulation upon HER2 single knockdown and a therapeutic benefit from combination therapy. On the mechanistic side, we demonstrate that HER2 knockdown or inhibition reduces miR-143 levels with subsequent de-repression of HER3 expression, and validates HER3 as a direct target of miR-143. HER3 knockdown or inhibition, in turn, increases HER2 expression through the upregulation of the transcriptional regulator SATB1. These counter-upregulation processes of HER family members are thus based on distinct molecular mechanisms and may provide the basis for the rational combination of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gutsch
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany; (D.G.); (R.J.); (T.B.)
| | - Robert Jenke
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany; (D.G.); (R.J.); (T.B.)
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Hospital Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Büch
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany; (D.G.); (R.J.); (T.B.)
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany; (D.G.); (R.J.); (T.B.)
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Ou A, Ott M, Fang D, Heimberger AB. The Role and Therapeutic Targeting of JAK/STAT Signaling in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:437. [PMID: 33498872 PMCID: PMC7865703 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains one of the deadliest and treatment-refractory human malignancies in large part due to its diffusely infiltrative nature, molecular heterogeneity, and capacity for immune escape. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway contributes substantively to a wide variety of protumorigenic functions, including proliferation, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, stem cell maintenance, and immune suppression. We review the current state of knowledge regarding the biological role of JAK/STAT signaling in glioblastoma, therapeutic strategies, and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ou
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Martina Ott
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.O.); (D.F.)
| | - Dexing Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.O.); (D.F.)
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.O.); (D.F.)
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Glioblastoma Tissue Slice Tandem-Cultures for Quantitative Evaluation of Inhibitory Effects on Invasion and Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092707. [PMID: 32967361 PMCID: PMC7564455 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastomas are very malignant and essentially incurable brain tumors. One problem is the extensive penetration of tumor cells into the adjacent normal brain tissue. Thus, the testing of novel drugs requires appropriate tumor models, preferentially avoiding animal studies. This paper describes so-called brain tissue slice tandem-culture systems. They consist of a slice of normal brain tissue and a second layer of tumor tissue. The microscopic analysis of these slice tandem-cultures allows for the simultaneous assessment of single cells invading into the normal brain tissue and the space occupying growth of the total tumor mass. It is shown that the direct application of test drugs onto the slices exerts inhibitory effects on both mechanisms. We thus describe a system mimicking the situation in glioblastoma patients. It reduces animal studies, allows for the direct application of test drugs and the precise quantitation of their inhibitory effects on tumor growth and invasion. Abstract Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most malignant brain tumors and are essentially incurable even after extensive surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, mainly because of extensive infiltration of tumor cells into the adjacent normal tissue. Thus, the evaluation of novel drugs in malignant glioma treatment requires sophisticated ex vivo models that approach the authentic interplay between tumor and host environment while avoiding extensive in vivo studies in animals. This paper describes the standardized setup of an organotypic brain tissue slice tandem-culture system, comprising of normal brain tissue from adult mice and tumor tissue from human glioblastoma xenografts, and explore its utility for assessing inhibitory effects of test drugs. The microscopic analysis of vertical sections of the slice tandem-cultures allows for the simultaneous assessment of (i) the invasive potential of single cells or cell aggregates and (ii) the space occupying growth of the bulk tumor mass, both contributing to malignant tumor progression. The comparison of tissue slice co-cultures with spheroids vs. tissue slice tandem-cultures using tumor xenograft slices demonstrates advantages of the xenograft tandem approach. The direct and facile application of test drugs is shown to exert inhibitory effects on bulk tumor growth and/or tumor cell invasion, and allows their precise quantitation. In conclusion, we describe a straightforward ex vivo system mimicking the in vivo situation of the tumor mass and the normal brain in GBM patients. It reduces animal studies and allows for the direct and reproducible application of test drugs and the precise quantitation of their effects on the bulk tumor mass and on the tumor’s invasive properties.
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Wu F, Chai RC, Wang Z, Liu YQ, Zhao Z, Li GZ, Jiang HY. Molecular classification of IDH-mutant glioblastomas based on gene expression profiles. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:853-860. [PMID: 30877769 PMCID: PMC6642368 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant glioblastoma (GBM), accounts for ~10% GBMs, arises from lower grade diffuse glioma and preferentially appears in younger patients. Here, we aim to establish a robust gene expression-based molecular classification of IDH-mutant GBM. A total of 33 samples from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas RNA-sequencing data were selected as training set, and 21 cases from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas microarray data were used as validation set. Consensus clustering identified three groups with distinguished prognostic and molecular features. G1 group, with a poorer clinical outcome, mainly contained TERT promoter wild-type and male cases. G2 and G3 groups had better prognosis differed in gender. Gene ontology analysis showed that genes enriched in G1 group were involved in DNA replication, cell division and cycle. On the basis of the differential genes between G1 and G2/G3 groups, a six-gene signature was developed with a Cox proportional hazards model. Kaplan-Meier analysis found that the acquired signature could differentiate the outcome of low- and high-risk cases. Moreover, the signature could also serve as an independent prognostic factor for IDH-mutant GBM in the multivariate Cox regression analysis. Gene ontology and gene set enrichment analyses revealed that gene sets correlated with high-risk group were involved in cell cycle, cell proliferation, DNA replication and repair. These finding highlights heterogeneity within IDH-mutant GBMs and will advance our molecular understanding of this lethal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Chao Chai
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qing Liu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Zhang Li
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Yu Jiang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, China
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Friedrich M, Wiedemann K, Reiche K, Puppel SH, Pfeifer G, Zipfel I, Binder S, Köhl U, Müller GA, Engeland K, Aigner A, Füssel S, Fröhner M, Peitzsch C, Dubrovska A, Rade M, Christ S, Schreiber S, Hackermüller J, Lehmann J, Toma MI, Muders MH, Sommer U, Baretton GB, Wirth M, Horn F. The Role of lncRNAs TAPIR-1 and -2 as Diagnostic Markers and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1122. [PMID: 32365858 PMCID: PMC7280983 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In search of new biomarkers suitable for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, genome-wide transcriptome sequencing was carried out with tissue specimens from 40 prostate cancer (PCa) and 8 benign prostate hyperplasia patients. We identified two intergenic long non-coding transcripts, located in close genomic proximity, which are highly expressed in PCa. Microarray studies on a larger cohort comprising 155 patients showed a profound diagnostic potential of these transcripts (AUC~0.94), which we designated as tumor associated prostate cancer increased lncRNA (TAPIR-1 and -2). To test their therapeutic potential, knockdown experiments with siRNA were carried out. The knockdown caused an increase in the p53/TP53 tumor suppressor protein level followed by downregulation of a large number of cell cycle- and DNA-damage repair key regulators. Furthermore, in radiation therapy resistant tumor cells, the knockdown leads to a renewed sensitization of these cells to radiation treatment. Accordingly, in a preclinical PCa xenograft model in mice, the systemic application of nanoparticles loaded with siRNA targeting TAPIR-1 significantly reduced tumor growth. These findings point to a crucial role of TAPIR-1 and -2 in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.W.); (K.R.); (G.P.); (I.Z.); (S.B.); (U.K.); (F.H.)
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, RIBOLUTION Biomarker Center Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-H.P.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Karolin Wiedemann
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.W.); (K.R.); (G.P.); (I.Z.); (S.B.); (U.K.); (F.H.)
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, RIBOLUTION Biomarker Center Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-H.P.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Kristin Reiche
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.W.); (K.R.); (G.P.); (I.Z.); (S.B.); (U.K.); (F.H.)
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, RIBOLUTION Biomarker Center Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-H.P.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Sven-Holger Puppel
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, RIBOLUTION Biomarker Center Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-H.P.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Gabriele Pfeifer
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.W.); (K.R.); (G.P.); (I.Z.); (S.B.); (U.K.); (F.H.)
| | - Ivonne Zipfel
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.W.); (K.R.); (G.P.); (I.Z.); (S.B.); (U.K.); (F.H.)
| | - Stefanie Binder
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.W.); (K.R.); (G.P.); (I.Z.); (S.B.); (U.K.); (F.H.)
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.W.); (K.R.); (G.P.); (I.Z.); (S.B.); (U.K.); (F.H.)
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, RIBOLUTION Biomarker Center Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-H.P.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Gerd A. Müller
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (G.A.M.); (K.E.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kurt Engeland
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (G.A.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Achim Aigner
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16–18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Susanne Füssel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.F.); (M.F.); (M.W.)
| | - Michael Fröhner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.F.); (M.F.); (M.W.)
- Zeisigwaldklinik BETHANIEN, Zeisigwaldstraße 101, D-09130 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, D-01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, D-01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Rade
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, RIBOLUTION Biomarker Center Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-H.P.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Sabina Christ
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, RIBOLUTION Biomarker Center Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-H.P.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Stephan Schreiber
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Young Investigators Group Bioinformatics & Transcriptomics, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Jörg Hackermüller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Young Investigators Group Bioinformatics & Transcriptomics, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, GLP Test Facility, Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Marieta I. Toma
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.I.T.); (M.H.M.); (U.S.); (G.B.B.)
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael H. Muders
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.I.T.); (M.H.M.); (U.S.); (G.B.B.)
- Rudolf-Becker-Laboratory for Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sommer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.I.T.); (M.H.M.); (U.S.); (G.B.B.)
| | - Gustavo B. Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.I.T.); (M.H.M.); (U.S.); (G.B.B.)
| | - Manfred Wirth
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.F.); (M.F.); (M.W.)
| | - Friedemann Horn
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.W.); (K.R.); (G.P.); (I.Z.); (S.B.); (U.K.); (F.H.)
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, RIBOLUTION Biomarker Center Perlickstr. 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-H.P.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
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14
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Biedermann J, Preussler M, Conde M, Peitzsch M, Richter S, Wiedemuth R, Abou-El-Ardat K, Krüger A, Meinhardt M, Schackert G, Leenders WP, Herold-Mende C, Niclou SP, Bjerkvig R, Eisenhofer G, Temme A, Seifert M, Kunz-Schughart LA, Schröck E, Klink B. Mutant IDH1 Differently Affects Redox State and Metabolism in Glial Cells of Normal and Tumor Origin. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122028. [PMID: 31888244 PMCID: PMC6966450 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IDH1R132H (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1) mutations play a key role in the development of low-grade gliomas. IDH1wt converts isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate while reducing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+), whereas IDH1R132H uses α-ketoglutarate and NADPH to generate the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). While the effects of 2-HG have been the subject of intense research, the 2-HG independent effects of IDH1R132H are still ambiguous. The present study demonstrates that IDH1R132H expression but not 2-HG alone leads to significantly decreased tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites, reduced proliferation, and enhanced sensitivity to irradiation in both glioblastoma cells and astrocytes in vitro. Glioblastoma cells, but not astrocytes, showed decreased NADPH and NAD+ levels upon IDH1R132H transduction. However, in astrocytes IDH1R132H led to elevated expression of the NAD-synthesizing enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). These effects were not 2-HG mediated. This suggests that IDH1R132H cells utilize NAD+ to restore NADP pools, which only astrocytes could compensate via induction of NAMPT. We found that the expression of NAMPT is lower in patient-derived IDH1-mutant glioma cells and xenografts compared to IDH1-wildtype models. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis confirmed lower NAMPT expression in IDH1-mutant versus IDH1-wildtype gliomas. We show that the IDH1 mutation directly affects the energy homeostasis and redox state in a cell-type dependent manner. Targeting the impairments in metabolism and redox state might open up new avenues for treating IDH1-mutant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Biedermann
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Matthias Preussler
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Marina Conde
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.C.); (R.W.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.P.); (S.R.); (G.E.)
| | - Susan Richter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.P.); (S.R.); (G.E.)
| | - Ralf Wiedemuth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.C.); (R.W.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Khalil Abou-El-Ardat
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Alexander Krüger
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Meinhardt
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.C.); (R.W.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William P. Leenders
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Simone P. Niclou
- Department of Oncology, NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (S.P.N.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Oncology, NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (S.P.N.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.P.); (S.R.); (G.E.)
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.C.); (R.W.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Seifert
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Leoni A. Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center of Genetics (NCG), Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +352-28100-418; Fax: +352-28100-441
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15
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Kozielski KL, Ruiz-Valls A, Tzeng SY, Guerrero-Cázares H, Rui Y, Li Y, Vaughan HJ, Gionet-Gonzales M, Vantucci C, Kim J, Schiapparelli P, Al-Kharboosh R, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Green JJ. Cancer-selective nanoparticles for combinatorial siRNA delivery to primary human GBM in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials 2019; 209:79-87. [PMID: 31026613 PMCID: PMC7122460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Novel treatments for glioblastoma (GBM) are urgently needed, particularly those which can simultaneously target GBM cells' ability to grow and migrate. Herein, we describe a synthetic, bioreducible, biodegradable polymer that can package and deliver hundreds of siRNA molecules into a single nanoparticle, facilitating combination therapy against multiple GBM-promoting targets. We demonstrate that siRNA delivery with these polymeric nanoparticles is cancer-selective, thereby avoiding potential side effects in healthy cells. We show that we can deliver siRNAs targeting several anti-GBM genes (Robo1, YAP1, NKCC1, EGFR, and survivin) simultaneously and within the same nanoparticles. Robo1 (roundabout homolog 1) siRNA delivery by biodegradable particles was found to trigger GBM cell death, as did non-viral delivery of NKCC1, EGFR, and survivin siRNA. Most importantly, combining several anti-GBM siRNAs into a nanoparticle formulation leads to high GBM cell death, reduces GBM migration in vitro, and reduces tumor burden over time following intratumoral administration. We show that certain genes, like survivin and EGFR, are important for GBM survival, while NKCC1, is more crucial for cancer cell migration. This represents a powerful platform technology with the potential to serve as a multimodal therapeutic for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, And Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Valls
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Stephany Y Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, And Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Hugo Guerrero-Cázares
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yuan Rui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, And Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Hannah J Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, And Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Marissa Gionet-Gonzales
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, And Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Casey Vantucci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, And Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, And Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Paula Schiapparelli
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Rawan Al-Kharboosh
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, And Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA; Departments of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Ophthalmology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer, And the Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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16
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Therapeutic Targeting of Stat3 Using Lipopolyplex Nanoparticle-Formulated siRNA in a Syngeneic Orthotopic Mouse Glioma Model. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030333. [PMID: 30857197 PMCID: PMC6468565 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), WHO grade IV, is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. The median survival time using standard therapy is only 12–15 months with a 5-year survival rate of around 5%. Thus, new and effective treatment modalities are of significant importance. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is a key signaling protein driving major hallmarks of cancer and represents a promising target for the development of targeted glioblastoma therapies. Here we present data showing that the therapeutic application of siRNAs, formulated in nanoscale lipopolyplexes (LPP) based on polyethylenimine (PEI) and the phospholipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), represents a promising new approach to target Stat3 in glioma. We demonstrate that the LPP-mediated delivery of siRNA mediates efficient knockdown of Stat3, suppresses Stat3 activity and limits cell growth in murine (Tu2449) and human (U87, Mz18) glioma cells in vitro. In a therapeutic setting, intracranial application of the siRNA-containing LPP leads to knockdown of STAT3 target gene expression, decreased tumor growth and significantly prolonged survival in Tu2449 glioma-bearing mice compared to negative control-treated animals. This is a proof-of-concept study introducing PEI-based lipopolyplexes as an efficient strategy for therapeutically targeting oncoproteins with otherwise limited druggability.
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17
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Wang R, Degirmenci V, Xin H, Li Y, Wang L, Chen J, Hu X, Zhang D. PEI-Coated Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles Enable Efficient Delivery of Therapeutic siRNA Targeting REST into Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082230. [PMID: 30065155 PMCID: PMC6121642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most frequent brain tumors lacking efficient treatment. The increasingly elucidated gene targets make siRNA-based gene therapy a promising anticancer approach, while an efficient delivery system is urgently needed. Here, polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed and applied for siRNA delivery into GBM cells to silence repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST). The prepared PEI-coated Fe₃O₄ NPs were characterized as magnetic nanoparticles with a positive charge, by transmission electronic microscopy, dynamic light-scattering analysis and a magnetometer. By gel retardation assay, the nanoparticles were found to form complexes with siRNA and the interaction proportion of NP to siRNA was 2.8:1. The cellular uptake of NP/siRNA complexes was verified by prussian blue staining, fluorescence labeling and flow cytometry in U-87 and U-251 GBM cells. Furthermore, the REST silencing examined by realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting presented significant reduction of REST in transcription and translation levels. Upon the treatment of NP/siRNA targeting REST, the GBM cell viabilities were inhibited and the migration capacities were repressed remarkably, analyzed by cell counting kit-8 and transwell assay separately. In this study, we demonstrated the PEI-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle as a vehicle for therapeutic siRNA delivery, at an appropriate NP/siRNA weight ratio for REST silencing in GBM cells, inhibiting cell proliferation and migration efficiently. These might represent a novel potential treatment strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | | | - Hongchuan Xin
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Dianbao Zhang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the prognostic role of survivin in patients with glioma through performing a meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for potentially eligible literature. The study characteristics and relevant data were extracted. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to estimate the prognostic role of survivin in patients with glioma. RESULTS Sixteen studies with 1260 patients were included. The pooled HR of higher survivin expression for overall survival was 1.96 (95% CI, 1.57-2.45). The pooled HRs of higher survivin expression for progression- and disease-free survival were 1.62 (95% CI, 0.91-2.90) and 2.41 (95% CI, 0.98-5.90), respectively. Subgroup analyses were also performed. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that higher survivin expression was associated with worse overall survival in patients with glioma. The findings may assist future exploration on pathogenesis, diagnosis, anti-survivin therapy, and prognosis in glioma. However, due to the limited study number, more studies are warranted to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunfu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, The First People's Hospital of Yibin
| | - Changwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, The First People's Hospital of Yibin
| | - Yanlin Song
- West China Medical School of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, The First People's Hospital of Yibin
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, The First People's Hospital of Yibin
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Li D, Hu C, Li H. Survivin as a novel target protein for reducing the proliferation of cancer cells. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:399-406. [PMID: 29725522 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, also known as baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5, is a novel member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family. Survivin is highly expressed in tumors and embryonic tissues and is associated with tumor cell differentiation, proliferation, invasion and metastasis; however, survivin is expressed at low levels in normal terminally differentiated adult tissues. Meanwhile, the expression level of survivin is also a negative prognostic factor for patients with cancer. These unique characteristics of survivin make it an exciting potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. This review will discuss the biological characteristics of survivin and its potential use as a treatment target to reduce cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Li
- Department of Genetics, College of Agricultural and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Chenghao Hu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Huibin Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
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20
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Conde M, Michen S, Wiedemuth R, Klink B, Schröck E, Schackert G, Temme A. Chromosomal instability induced by increased BIRC5/Survivin levels affects tumorigenicity of glioma cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:889. [PMID: 29282022 PMCID: PMC5745881 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Survivin, belonging to the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family, is abundantly expressed in tumors. It has been hypothesized that Survivin facilitates carcinogenesis by inhibition of apoptosis resulting in improved survival of tumorigenic progeny. Additionally, Survivin plays an essential role during mitosis. Together with its molecular partners Aurora B, Borealin and inner centromere protein it secures bipolar chromosome segregation. However, whether increased Survivin levels contribute to progression of tumors by inducing chromosomal instability remains unclear. Methods We overexpressed Survivin in U251-MG, SVGp12, U87-MG, HCT116 and p53-deficient U87-MGshp53 and HCT116p53−/− cells. The resulting phenotype was investigated by FACS-assisted cell cycle analysis, Western Blot analysis, confocal laser scan microscopy, proliferation assays, spectral karyotyping and in a U251-MG xenograft model using immune-deficient mice. Results Overexpression of Survivin affected cells with knockdown of p53, cells harboring mutant p53 and SV40 large T antigen, respectively, resulting in the increase of cell fractions harboring 4n and >4n DNA contents. Increased γH2AX levels, indicative of DNA damage were monitored in all Survivin-transduced cell lines, but only in p53 wild type cells this was accompanied by an attenuated S-phase entry and activation of p21waf/cip. Overexpression of Survivin caused a DNA damage response characterized by increased appearance pDNA-PKcs foci in cell nuclei and elevated levels of pATM S1981 and pCHK2 T68. Additionally, evolving structural chromosomal aberrations in U251-MG cells transduced with Survivin indicated a DNA-repair by non-homologous end joining recombination. Subcutaneous transplantation of U251-MG cells overexpressing Survivin and mycN instead of mycN oncogene alone generated tumors with shortened latency and decreased apoptosis. Subsequent SKY-analysis of Survivin/mycN-tumors revealed an increase in structural chromosomal aberrations in cells when compared to mycN-tumors. Conclusions Our data suggest that increased Survivin levels promote adaptive evolution of tumors through combining induction of genetic heterogeneity with inhibition of apoptosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3932-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Conde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Michen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Wiedemuth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany.
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21
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Uckermann O, Juratli TA, Galli R, Conde M, Wiedemuth R, Krex D, Geiger K, Temme A, Schackert G, Koch E, Steiner G, Kirsch M. Optical Analysis of Glioma: Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Reveals the IDH1 Mutation Status. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:2530-2538. [PMID: 29259030 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Somatic mutations in the human cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene cause profound changes in cell metabolism and are a common feature of gliomas with unprecedented predictive and prognostic impact. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy addresses the molecular composition of cells and tissue and was investigated to deduct the IDH1 mutation status.Experimental Design: We tested the technique on human cell lines that were transduced with wild-type IDH1 or mutated IDH1 and on 34 human glioma samples. IR spectra were acquired at 256 positions from cell pellets or tissue cryosections. Moreover, IR spectra were obtained from fresh, unprocessed biopsies of 64 patients with glioma.Results:IDH1 mutation was linked to changes in spectral bands assigned to molecular groups of lipids and proteins in cell lines and human glioma. The spectra of cryosections of brain tumor samples showed high interpatient variability, for example, bands related to calcifications at 1113 cm-1 However, supervised classification recognized relevant spectral regions at 1103, 1362, 1441, 1485, and 1553 cm-1 and assigned 88% of the tumor samples to the correct group. Similar spectral positions allowed the classification of spectra of fresh biopsies with an accuracy of 86%.Conclusions: Here, we show that vibrational spectroscopy reveals the IDH1 genotype of glioma. Because it can provide information in seconds, an implementation into the intraoperative workflow might allow simple and rapid online diagnosis of the IDH1 genotype. The intraoperative confirmation of IDH1 mutation status might guide the decision to pursue definitive neurosurgical resection and guide future in situ therapies of infiltrative gliomas. Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2530-8. ©2017 AACRSee related commentary by Hollon and Orringer, p. 2467.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortrud Uckermann
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tareq A Juratli
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roberta Galli
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marina Conde
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Wiedemuth
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Krex
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathrin Geiger
- Neuropathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden - Cluster of Excellence, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden - Cluster of Excellence, Dresden, Germany
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22
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Aigner A, Kögel D. Nanoparticle/siRNA-based therapy strategies in glioma: which nanoparticles, which siRNAs? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 13:89-103. [PMID: 29199893 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicines allow for the delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that are otherwise barely suitable as therapeutics for inducing RNA interference (RNAi). In preclinical studies on siRNA-based glioma treatment in vivo, various groups of nanoparticle systems, routes of administration and target genes have been explored. Targeted delivery by functionalization of nanoparticles with a ligand for crossing the blood-brain barrier and/or for enhanced target cell transfection has been described as well. Focusing on nanoparticle developments in the last approximately 10 years, this review article gives a comprehensive overview of nanoparticle systems for siRNA delivery into glioma and of preclinical in vivo studies. Furthermore, it discusses various target genes and highlights promising strategies with regard to target gene selection and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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23
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Liu K, Liu Y, Zhao G. Targeting survivin suppresses proliferation and invasion of retinoblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:9352-9361. [PMID: 31966807 PMCID: PMC6965960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family and has multifunctional properties that include aspects of proliferation, invasion and cell survival control. Survivin is a promising candidate for targeted cancer therapy as its expression is associated with poor clinical outcome and more aggressive clinicopathologic features. Retinoblastoma (RB) is a highly invasive malignant tumor that often invades the brain and metastasizes to distal organs through the blood stream. However, expression of survivin in RB has not been previously characterized. In addition, whether survivin could be used for targeted RB therapy is not clear. In the present study, we demonstrated that RB tumors with invasion showed significantly higher expression of survivin compared to tumors without invasion (P < 0.05). High-risk tumors showed significantly increased expression of survivin compared to tumors with low risk (P < 0.05). Survivin inhibition by targeted siRNA suppresses the proliferation, growth, invasion, imgration and induced apoptosis of retinoblastoma Y79 cells in vitro. In addition, Survivin inhibition by targeted shRNA suppresses in vivo orthotopic tumors and liver metastasis in BALB/c nude mice. In line with these results, surviving siRNA (shRNA) effectively induces down-regulation of target genes of surviving by western blot, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. In conclusion, high survivin expression is associated with invasion and metastasis in RB. We suggest that survivin inhibition could be a potential therapeutic approach in retinoblastoma through suppressing tumor proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuixiang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Eighth People’s Hospital of QingdaoQingdao, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
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Liu Z, Wang T, Zhang Z, Tang S, Feng S, Yue M, Hu M, Xuan L, Chen Y. Survivin downregulation using siRNA nanoliposomes inhibits cell proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of MHCC-97H hepatic cancer cells: An in vitro and in vivo study. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2723-2730. [PMID: 28454458 PMCID: PMC5403348 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, survivin is one of the most cancer-specific proteins that has been identified. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of novel survivin small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoliposomes targeting survivin in human hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC-97H cells and xenograft mouse models. Survivin-targeted siRNA nanoliposomes were prepared and transfected into MHCC-97H cells and MHCC-97H-bearing nude mice. Survivin expression was analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Cell viability was analyzed using an MTT assay and apoptosis was evaluated using Hoechst and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining. Tumor growth in MHCC-97H-bearing mice was monitored following treatment and tumor samples were obtained for survivin expression analysis using RT-qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining. Survivin expression levels were significantly downregulated by nanoliposome-mediated survivin siRNA delivery and this was associated with a significant inhibition of cell growth and an increase in the apoptosis of MHCC-97H cells. Downregulation of survivin expression using survivin siRNA nanoliposomes inhibited tumor growth in the MHCC-97H xenograft models without significant treatment-associated toxicity. Therefore, a cationic nanoliposome-based survivin siRNA delivery system was constructed and demonstrated to be efficient for survivin siRNA delivery in in vitro and in vivo studies. These results demonstrate that survivin downregulation was able to significantly attenuate cell proliferation and induce the apoptosis of MHCC-97H cells, as well as inhibit tumor cell growth in MHCC-97H xenograft models, indicating that survivin suppression using siRNA may contribute to the inhibition of tumor development by suppressing cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chaoyang, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Tianyou Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chaoyang, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Suoqin Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Shunqiao Feng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chaoyang, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yue
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chaoyang, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Mengze Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chaoyang, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Litian Xuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chaoyang, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chaoyang, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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Analysis of cellular and molecular antitumor effects upon inhibition of SATB1 in glioblastoma cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:3. [PMID: 28049521 PMCID: PMC5209874 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-3006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Special AT-rich Sequence Binding Protein 1 (SATB1) regulates the expression of many genes by acting as a global chromatin organizer. While in many tumor entities SATB1 overexpression has been observed and connected to pro-tumorigenic processes, somewhat contradictory evidence exists in brain tumors with regard to SATB1 overexpression in glioblastoma and its association with poorer prognosis and tumor progression. On the functional side, initial data indicate that SATB1 may be involved in several tumor cell-relevant processes. Methods For the detailed analysis of the functional relevance and possible therapeutic potential of SATB1 inhibition, we employ transient siRNA-mediated knockdown and comprehensively analyze the cellular and molecular role of SATB1 in glioblastoma. Results In various cell lines with different SATB1 expression levels, a SATB1 gene dose-dependent inhibition of anchorage-dependent and –independent proliferation is observed. This is due to cell cycle-inhibitory and pro-apoptotic effects of SATB1 knockdown. Molecular analyses reveal SATB1 knockdown effects on multiple important (proto-) oncogenes, including Myc, Bcl-2, Pim-1, EGFR, β-catenin and Survivin. Molecules involved in cell cycle, EMT and cell adhesion are affected as well. The putative therapeutic relevance of SATB1 inhibition is further supported in an in vivo tumor xenograft mouse model, where the treatment with polymeric nanoparticles containing SATB1-specific siRNAs exerts antitumor effects. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that SATB1 may represent a promising target molecule in glioblastoma therapy whose inhibition or knockdown affects multiple crucial pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-3006-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ewe A, Panchal O, Pinnapireddy SR, Bakowsky U, Przybylski S, Temme A, Aigner A. Liposome-polyethylenimine complexes (DPPC-PEI lipopolyplexes) for therapeutic siRNA delivery in vivo. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:209-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Ashok A, Kanwar JR, Krishnan UM, Kanwar RK. SurR9C84A protects and recovers human cardiomyocytes from hypoxia induced apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:19-31. [PMID: 27816606 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Survivin, as an anti-apoptotic protein and a cell cycle regulator, is recently gaining importance for its regenerative potential in salvaging injured hypoxic cells of vital organs such as heart. Different strategies are being employed to upregulate survivin expression in dying hypoxic cardiomyocytes. We investigated the cardioprotective potential of a cell permeable survivin mutant protein SurR9C84A, for the management of hypoxia mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, in a novel and clinically relevant model employing primary human cardiomyocytes (HCM). The aim of this research work was to study the efficacy and mechanism of SurR9C84A facilitated cardioprotection and regeneration in hypoxic HCM. To mimic hypoxic microenvironment in vitro, well characterized HCM were treated with 100µm (48h) cobalt chloride to induce hypoxia. Hypoxia induced (HI) HCM were further treated with SurR9C84A (1µg/mL) in order to analyse its cardioprotective efficacy. Confocal microscopy showed rapid internalization of SurR9C84A and scanning electron microscopy revealed the reinstatement of cytoskeleton projections in HI HCM. SurR9C84A treatment increased cell viability, reduced cell death via, apoptosis (Annexin-V assay), and downregulated free cardiac troponin T and MMP-9 expression. SurR9C84A also upregulated the expression of proliferation markers (PCNA and Ki-67) and downregulated mitochondrial depolarization and ROS levels thereby, impeding cell death. Human Apoptosis Array further revealed that SurR9C84A downregulated expression of pro-apoptotic markers and augmented expression of HSPs and HTRA2/Omi. SurR9C84A treatment led to enhanced levels of survivin, VEGF, PI3K and pAkt. SurR9C84A proved non-toxic to normoxic HCM, as validated through unaltered cell proliferation and other marker levels. Its pre-treatment exhibited lesser susceptibility to hypoxia/damage. SurR9C84A holds a promising clinical potential for human cardiomyocyte survival and proliferation following hypoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Ashok
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 2103 Cornell Rd. WRB 5128, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288, USA
| | - Jagat Rakesh Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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28
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Sufit A, Lee-Sherick AB, DeRyckere D, Rupji M, Dwivedi B, Varella-Garcia M, Pierce AM, Kowalski J, Wang X, Frye SV, Earp HS, Keating AK, Graham DK. MERTK Inhibition Induces Polyploidy and Promotes Cell Death and Cellular Senescence in Glioblastoma Multiforme. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165107. [PMID: 27783662 PMCID: PMC5081168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MER receptor tyrosine kinase (MERTK) is expressed in a variety of malignancies, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Our previous work demonstrated that inhibition of MERTK using RNA interference induced cell death and chemosensitivity in GBM cells, implicating MERTK as a potential therapeutic target. Here we investigate whether a novel MERTK-selective small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, UNC2025, has similar anti-tumor effects in GBM cell lines. METHODS Correlations between expression of GAS6, a MERTK ligand, and prognosis were determined using data from the TCGA database. GBM cell lines (A172, SF188, U251) were treated in vitro with increasing doses of UNC2025 (50-400nM). Cell count and viability were determined by trypan blue exclusion. Cell cycle profiles and induction of apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometric analysis after BrdU or Po-Pro-1/propidium iodide staining, respectively. Polyploidy was detected by propidium iodide staining and metaphase spread. Cellular senescence was determined by β-galactosidase staining and senescence-associated secretory cytokine analysis. RESULTS Decreased overall survival significantly correlated with high levels of GAS6 expression in GBM, highlighting the importance of TAM kinase signaling in GBM tumorigenesis and/or therapy resistance and providing strong rationale for targeting these pathways in the clinic. All three GBM cell lines exhibited dose dependent reductions in cell number and colony formation (>90% at 200nM) after treatment with UNC2025. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase and development of polyploidy. After extended exposure, 60-80% of cells underwent apoptosis. The majority of surviving cells (65-95%) were senescent and did not recover after drug removal. Thus, UNC2025 mediates anti-tumor activity in GBM by multiple mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The findings described here provide further evidence of oncogenic roles for MERTK in GBM, demonstrate the importance of kinase activity for MERTK tumorigenicity and validate UNC2025, a novel MERTK inhibitor, as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sufit
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States of America
| | - Alisa B. Lee-Sherick
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States of America
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, 13123 E. 16th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States of America
| | - Deborah DeRyckere
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States of America
| | - Manali Rupji
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30333, United States of America
| | - Bhakti Dwivedi
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30333, United States of America
| | - Marileila Varella-Garcia
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States of America
| | - Angela M. Pierce
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States of America
| | - Jeanne Kowalski
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30333, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30333, United States of America
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States of America
| | - Stephen V. Frye
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, Unites States of America
| | - H. Shelton Earp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, Unites States of America
| | - Amy K. Keating
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States of America
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, 13123 E. 16th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AKK); (DKG)
| | - Douglas K. Graham
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States of America
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AKK); (DKG)
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Engineering NK Cells Modified With an EGFRvIII-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor to Overexpress CXCR4 Improves Immunotherapy of CXCL12/SDF-1α-secreting Glioblastoma. J Immunother 2016; 38:197-210. [PMID: 25962108 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are promising effector cells for adjuvant immunotherapy of cancer. So far, several preclinical studies have shown the feasibility of gene-engineered NK cells, which upon expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are redirected to otherwise NK cell-resistant tumors. Yet, we reasoned that the efficiency of an immunotherapy using CAR-modified NK cells critically relies on efficient migration to the tumor site and might be improved by the engraftment of a receptor specific for a chemokine released by the tumor. On the basis of the DNAX-activation protein 12 (DAP12), a signaling adapter molecule involved in signal transduction of activating NK cell receptors, we constructed an epidermal growth factor variant III (EGFRvIII)-CAR, designated MR1.1-DAP12 which confers specific cytotoxicity of NK cell towards EGFRvIII glioblastoma cells in vitro and to established subcutaneous U87-MG tumor xenografts. So far, infusion of NK cells with expression of MR1.1-DAP12 caused a moderate but significantly delayed tumor growth and increased median survival time when compared with NK cells transduced with an ITAM-defective CAR. Notably, the further genetic engineering of these EGFRvIII-specific NK cells with the chemokine receptor CXCR4 conferred a specific chemotaxis to CXCL12/SDF-1α secreting U87-MG glioblastoma cells. Moreover, the administration of such NK cells resulted in complete tumor remission in a number of mice and a significantly increased survival when compared with the treatment of xenografts with NK cells expressing only the EGFRvIII-specific CAR or mock control. We conclude that chemokine receptor-engineered NK cells with concomitant expression of a tumor-specific CAR are a promising tool to improve adoptive tumor immunotherapy.
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Wiedemuth R, Klink B, Fujiwara M, Schröck E, Tatsuka M, Schackert G, Temme A. Janus face-like effects of Aurora B inhibition: antitumoral mode of action versus induction of aneuploid progeny. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:993-1003. [PMID: 27515963 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitotic Aurora B kinase is overexpressed in tumors and various inhibitors for Aurora B are currently under clinical assessments. However, when considering Aurora B kinase inhibitors as anticancer drugs, their mode of action and the role of p53 status as a possible predictive factor for response still needs to be investigated. In this study, we analyzed the effects of selective Aurora B inhibition using AZD1152-HQPA/Barasertib (AZD1152) on HCT116 cells, U87-MG, corresponding isogenic p53-deficient cells and a primary glioblastoma cell line. AZD1152 treatment caused polyploidy and non-apoptotic cell death in all cell lines irrespective of p53 status and was accompanied by poly-merotelic kinetochore-microtubule attachments and DNA damage. In p53 wild-type cells a DNA damage response induced an inefficient pseudo-G1 cell cycle arrest, which was not able to halt ongoing endoreplication of cells. Of note, release of tumor cells from AZD1152 resulted in recovery of aneuploid progenies bearing numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations. Yet, AZD1152 treatment enhanced death receptor TRAIL-R2 levels in all tumor cell lines investigated. A concomitant increase of the activating natural killer (NK) cell ligand MIC A/B in p53-deficient cells and an induction of FAS/CD95 in cells containing p53 rendered AZD1152-treated cells more susceptible for NK-cell-mediated lysis. Our study mechanistically explains a p53-independent mode of action of a chemical Aurora B inhibitor and suggests a potential triggering of antitumoral immune responses, following polyploidization of tumor cells, which might constrain recovery of aneuploid tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Wiedemuth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany and
| | - Mamoru Fujiwara
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima 772-0023, Japan
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany and
| | - Masaaki Tatsuka
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima 772-0023, Japan
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany and
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany and
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Renner G, Janouskova H, Noulet F, Koenig V, Guerin E, Bär S, Nuesch J, Rechenmacher F, Neubauer S, Kessler H, Blandin AF, Choulier L, Etienne-Selloum N, Lehmann M, Lelong-Rebel I, Martin S, Dontenwill M. Integrin α5β1 and p53 convergent pathways in the control of anti-apoptotic proteins PEA-15 and survivin in high-grade glioma. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:640-53. [PMID: 26470725 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin α5β1 expression is correlated with a worse prognosis in high-grade glioma. We previously unraveled a negative crosstalk between integrin α5β1 and p53 pathway, which was proposed to be part of the resistance of glioblastoma to chemotherapies. The restoration of p53 tumor-suppressor function is under intensive investigations for cancer therapy. However, p53-dependent apoptosis is not always achieved by p53-reactivating compounds such as Nutlin-3a, although full transcriptional activity of p53 could be obtained. Here we investigated whether integrin α5β1 functional inhibition or repression could sensitize glioma cells to Nutlin-3a-induced p53-dependent apoptosis. We discovered that α5β1 integrin-specific blocking antibodies or small RGD-like antagonists in association with Nutlin-3a triggered a caspase (Casp) 8/Casp 3-dependent strong apoptosis in glioma cells expressing a functional p53. We deciphered the molecular mechanisms involved and we showed the crucial role of two anti-apoptotic proteins, phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15 (PEA-15) and survivin in glioma cell apoptotic outcome. PEA-15 is under α5β1 integrin/AKT (protein kinase B) control and survivin is a p53-repressed target. Moreover, interconnections between integrin and p53 pathways were revealed. Indeed PEA-15 repression by specific small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-activated p53 pathway to repress survivin and conversely survivin repression by specific siRNA decreased α5β1 integrin expression. This pro-apoptotic loop could be generalized to several glioma cell lines, whatever their p53 status, inasmuch PEA-15 and survivin protein levels were decreased. Our findings identify a novel mechanism whereby inhibition of α5β1 integrin and activation of p53 modulates two anti-apoptotic proteins crucially involved in the apoptotic answer of glioma cells. Importantly, our results suggest that high-grade glioma expressing high level of α5β1 integrin may benefit from associated therapies including integrin antagonists and repressors of survivin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Renner
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - H Janouskova
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - F Noulet
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - V Koenig
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - E Guerin
- EA3430, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Bär
- Tumor Virology Division (F010), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum/German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Nuesch
- Tumor Virology Division (F010), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum/German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Rechenmacher
- Department Chemie, Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Studies, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - S Neubauer
- Department Chemie, Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Studies, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - H Kessler
- Department Chemie, Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Studies, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - A-F Blandin
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - L Choulier
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - N Etienne-Selloum
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - M Lehmann
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - I Lelong-Rebel
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - S Martin
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - M Dontenwill
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
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Bruun J, Larsen TB, Jølck RI, Eliasen R, Holm R, Gjetting T, Andresen TL. Investigation of enzyme-sensitive lipid nanoparticles for delivery of siRNA to blood-brain barrier and glioma cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5995-6008. [PMID: 26451106 PMCID: PMC4590347 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s87334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical applications of siRNA for treating disorders in the central nervous system require development of systemic stable, safe, and effective delivery vehicles that are able to cross the impermeable blood–brain barrier (BBB). Engineering nanocarriers with low cellular interaction during systemic circulation, but with high uptake in targeted cells, is a great challenge and is further complicated by the BBB. As a first step in obtaining such a delivery system, this study aims at designing a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) able to efficiently encapsulate siRNA by a combination of titratable cationic lipids. The targeted delivery is obtained through the design of a two-stage system where the first step is conjugation of angiopep to the surface of the LNP for targeting the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 expressed on the BBB. Second, the positively charged LNPs are masked with a negatively charged PEGylated (poly(ethylene glycol)) cleavable lipopeptide, which contains a recognition sequence for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a class of enzymes often expressed in the tumor microenvironment and inflammatory BBB conditions. Proteolytic cleavage induces PEG release, including the release of four glutamic acid residues, providing a charge switch that triggers a shift of the LNP charge from weakly negative to positive, thus favoring cellular endocytosis and release of siRNA for high silencing efficiency. This work describes the development of this two-stage nanocarrier-system and evaluates the performance in brain endothelial and glioblastoma cells with respect to uptake and gene silencing efficiency. The ability of activation by MMP-triggered dePEGylation and charge shift is demonstrated to substantially increase the uptake and the silencing efficiency of the LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bruun
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Trine B Larsen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rasmus I Jølck
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Eliasen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - René Holm
- H Lundbeck A/S, Biologics and Pharmaceutical Science, Valby, Denmark
| | - Torben Gjetting
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Lyngby, Denmark
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Li Y, Liu D, Zhou Y, Li Y, Xie J, Lee RJ, Cai Y, Teng L. Silencing of Survivin Expression Leads to Reduced Proliferation and Cell Cycle Arrest in Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2015; 6:1187-94. [PMID: 26516368 PMCID: PMC4615356 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin is an anti-apoptotic gene that is overexpressed in most human tumors. RNA interference using short interfering RNA (siRNA) can be used to specifically inhibit survivin expression. Tumor cells were treated with a newly designed survivin siRNA, which was modified with 2′-OMe. Cellular survivin mRNA and protein levels were determined by real-time qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Our data showed that the novel survivin-targeted siRNA could efficiently knockdown the expression of survivin and inhibit cell proliferation. Survivin mRNA was reduced by 95% after 48h treatment with 20nM siRNA. In addition, the siRNA could markedly arrest the cell cycle at the G2/M checkpoint and induce cellular apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage of apoptotic cells reached 50% when treated with 40nM siRNA. In conclusion, we have identified a novel chemically modified siRNA against survivin that is highly efficient and delineated its mechanism of action, thus demonstrating a potential therapeutic role for this molecule in cancer. Further evaluation of this siRNA for therapeutic activity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Li
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Da Liu
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yujing Li
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Robert J Lee
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China ; 2. Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | - Yong Cai
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Lesheng Teng
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
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Krůpa P, Řehák S, Diaz-Garcia D, Filip S. NANOTECHNOLOGY - NEW TRENDS IN THE TREATMENT OF BRAIN TUMOURS. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2015; 57:142-50. [PMID: 25938897 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2015.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
High grade gliomas are some of the deadliest human tumours. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have only a limited effect. Nowadays, resection is the common treatment of choice and although new approaches, such as perioperative magnetic resonance imaging or fluorescent microscopy have been developed, the survival rate of diagnosed patients is still very low. The inefficacy of conventional methods has led to the development of new strategies and the significant progress of nanotechnology in recent years. These platforms can be used either as novel imaging tools or to improve anticancer drug delivery into tumours while minimizing its distribution and toxicity in healthy tissues. Amongst the new nanotechnology platforms used for delivery into the brain tissue are: polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoshells, carbon nanotubes, superparamagnetic nanoparticles and nucleic acid based nanoparticles (DNA, RNA interference [RNAi] and antisense oligonucleotides [ASO]). These nanoparticles have been applied in the delivery of small molecular weight drugs as well as macromolecules - proteins, peptides and genes. The unique properties of these nanoparticles, such as surface charge, particle size, composition and ability to modify their surface with tissue recognition ligands and antibodies, improve their biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. All of the above mentioned characteristics make of nanoplatforms a very suitable tool for its use in targeted, personalized medicine, where they could possibly carry large doses of therapeutic agents specifically into malignant cells while avoiding healthy cells. This review poses new possibilities in the large field of nanotechnology with special interest in the treatment of high grade brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Krůpa
- Charles University in Prague, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Svatopluk Řehák
- Charles University in Prague, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Diaz-Garcia
- Charles University in Prague, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Filip
- Charles University in Prague, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Survivin is a well-established target in experimental cancer therapy. The molecule is over-expressed in most human tumors, but hardly detectable in normal tissues. Multiple functions in different subcellular compartments have been assigned. It participates in the control of cell division, apoptosis, the cellular stress response, and also in the regulation of cell migration and metastasis. Survivin expression has been recognized as a biomarker: high expression indicates an unfavorable prognosis and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation treatment. Survivin is an unconventional drug target and several indirect approaches have been exploited to affect its function and the phenotype of survivin-expressing cells. Interference with the expression of the survivin gene, the utilization of its messenger RNA, the intracellular localization, the interaction with binding partners, the stability of the survivin protein, and the induction of survivin-specific immune responses have been taken into consideration. A direct strategy to inhibit survivin has been based on the identification of a specifically interacting peptide. This peptide can recognize survivin intracellularly and cause the degradation of the ligand–survivin complex. Technology is being developed that might allow the derivation of small molecular-weight, drug-like compounds that are functionally equivalent to the peptide ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Groner
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Paul Ehrlich Str. 42, 60322, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
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Koutsaki M, Spandidos DA, Zaravinos A. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated miRNAs in ovarian carcinoma, with highlight on the miR-200 family: prognostic value and prospective role in ovarian cancer therapeutics. Cancer Lett 2014; 351:173-81. [PMID: 24952258 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of short ribonucleic acids found to play a pivotal role in cancer pathogenesis. MiRNAs are crucial in cellular differentiation, growth, stress response, cell death and other fundamental cellular processes, and their involvement in ovarian cancer has been recently shown. They can repress the expression of important cancer-related genes and they can also function both as oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. During epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion and gain migratory and invasive properties. In the ovarian surface epithelium, EMT is considered the key regulator of the post-ovulatory repair process and it can be triggered by a range of environmental stimuli. The aberrant expression of the miR-200 family (miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141 and miR-429) in ovarian carcinoma and its involvement in ovarian cancer initiation and progression has been well-demonstrated. The miR-200 family members seem to be strongly associated with a pathologic EMT and to have a metastasis suppressive role. MiRNA signatures can accurately distinguish ovarian cancer from the normal ovary and can be used as diagnostic tools to predict the clinical response to chemotherapy. Recent evidence suggests a growing list of new miRNAs (miR-187, miR-34a, miR-506, miRNA-138, miR-30c, miR-30d, miR-30e-3p, miR-370 and miR-106a, among others) that are also implicated in ovarian carcinoma-associated EMT, either enhancing or suppressing it. MiRNA-based gene therapy provides a prospective anti-tumour approach for integrated cancer therapy. The aim of nanotechnology-based delivery approach for miRNA therapy is to overcome challenges in miRNA delivery and to effectively encourage the reprogramming of miRNA networks in cancer cells, which may lead to a clinically translatable miRNA-based therapy to benefit ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koutsaki
- Pediatric Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 1352 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wen Y, Meng WS. Recent In Vivo Evidences of Particle-Based Delivery of Small-Interfering RNA (siRNA) into Solid Tumors. J Pharm Innov 2014; 9:158-173. [PMID: 25221632 PMCID: PMC4161233 DOI: 10.1007/s12247-014-9183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) is both a powerful tool in research and a promising therapeutic platform to modulate expression of disease-related genes. Malignant tumors are attractive disease targets for nucleic acid-based therapies. siRNA directed against oncogenes, and genes driving metastases or angiogenesis have been evaluated in animal models and in some cases, in humans. The outcomes of these studies indicate that drug delivery is a significant limiting factor. This review provides perspectives on in vivo validated nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery systems. Results of recent advances in liposomes and polymeric and inorganic formulations illustrate the need for mutually optimized attributes for performance in systemic circulation, tumor interstitial space, plasma membrane, and endosomes. Physiochemical properties conducive to efficient siRNA delivery are summarized and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600, Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Wilson S. Meng
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600, Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
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Wiedemuth R, Klink B, Töpfer K, Schröck E, Schackert G, Tatsuka M, Temme A. Survivin safeguards chromosome numbers and protects from aneuploidy independently from p53. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:107. [PMID: 24886358 PMCID: PMC4041913 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family, has a dual role in mitosis and in apoptosis. It is abundantly expressed in every human tumor, compared with normal tissues. During mitosis Survivin assembles with the chromosomal passenger complex and regulates chromosomal segregation. Here, we aim to explore whether interference with the mitotic function of Survivin is linked to p53-mediated G1 cell cycle arrest and affects chromosomal stability. METHODS In this study, we used HCT116, SBC-2, and U87-MG and generated corresponding isogenic p53-deficient cells. Retroviral vectors were used to stably knockdown Survivin. The resulting phenotype, in particular the mechanisms of cell cycle arrest and of initiation of aneuploidy, were investigated by Western Blot analysis, confocal laser scan microscopy, proliferation assays, spectral karyotyping and RNAi. RESULTS In all cell lines Survivin-RNAi did not induce instant apoptosis but caused polyplodization irrespective of p53 status. Strikingly, polyploidization after knockdown of Survivin resulted in merotelic kinetochore spindle assemblies, γH2AX-foci, and DNA damage response (DDR), which was accompanied by a transient p53-mediated G1-arrest. That p53 wild type cells specifically arrest due to DNA damage was shown by simultaneous inhibition of ATM and DNA-PK, which abolished induction of p21waf/cip. Cytogenetic analysis revealed chromosomal aberrations indicative for DNA double strand break repair by the mechanism of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), only in Survivin-depleted cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Survivin plays an essential role in proper amphitelic kinetochore-spindle assembly and that constraining Survivin's mitotic function results in polyploidy and aneuploidy which cannot be controlled by p53. Therefore, Survivin critically safeguards chromosomal stability independently from p53.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr, 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Doucette T, Latha K, Yang Y, Fuller GN, Rao A, Rao G. Survivin transcript variant 2 drives angiogenesis and malignant progression in proneural gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1220-8. [PMID: 24676140 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of survivin isoforms on outcome in glioblastoma is poorly understood. We analyzed the dominant anti-apoptotic transcript variants of survivin using expression data and modeled them in vivo to determine their impact on glioma formation and progression. METHODS Using data from low- and high-grade glioma knowledge bases, we expressed the anti-apoptotic isoforms of survivin (transcript variants 1 and 2) in vivo using the RCAS/Ntv-a model of murine glioma. RESULTS In low-grade gliomas, survivin RNA expression was increased in 22 of 167 (13.2%) of cases and was associated with shortened survival (P = .005). Survivin RNA was preferentially expressed in proneural (PN) relative to mesenchymal high-grade gliomas (P < .0001). In proneural gliomas, survivin was expressed in 94 of 141 (67%) of cases and was associated with shorter disease-free survival (P = .04). In a platelet-derived growth factor subunit B-dependent murine model of PN glioma, ectopic expression of variant 1 yielded tumors in 28 of 30 (93%) of mice, of which 25% were high-grade tumors, whereas ectopic expression of variant 2 yielded tumors in 27 of 28 (96%), of which 81% were high-grade tumors (P < .0001). Microvascular proliferation was significantly more prominent (P < .0001), and tumor-free survival was shorter in mice with variant 2 than variant 1-derived tumors (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Survivin expression in low-grade gliomas is associated with poor survival and is preferentially expressed in PN gliomas. Compared with variant 1, variant 2 was associated with poorer survival and promoted malignant progression, angiogenesis, and shorter tumor-free survival in the PN murine model. Inhibiting survivin transcript variant 2, rather than variant 1 (the common isoform), may be an effective treatment strategy for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Doucette
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (T.D., L.K., Y.Y., G.R.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.R.)
| | - Khatri Latha
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (T.D., L.K., Y.Y., G.R.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.R.)
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (T.D., L.K., Y.Y., G.R.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.R.)
| | - Gregory N Fuller
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (T.D., L.K., Y.Y., G.R.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.R.)
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (T.D., L.K., Y.Y., G.R.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.R.)
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (T.D., L.K., Y.Y., G.R.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (A.R.)
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Weirauch U, Gutsch D, Höbel S, Aigner A. Polymer-based delivery of RNA-based therapeutics in ovarian cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1049:443-65. [PMID: 23913237 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-547-7_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a naturally occurring, powerful mechanism for gene silencing, based on the cleavage of a given target mRNA. It relies on small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in the cell. Being similar in structure, microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression which mainly act by blocking mRNA translation. In cancer, certain miRNAs have been found to be pathologically downregulated. The therapeutic application of siRNAs or miRNAs for the induction of RNAi or miRNA replacement, respectively, relies on their efficient delivery through a non-viral formulation. Complexation of siRNAs/miRNAs in polymeric nanoparticles based on polyethylenimines (PEIs) offers protection against degradation, delivery to the target site, cellular uptake, and intracellular release. This chapter provides protocols for therapeutic gene silencing and miRNA replacement therapy, based on PEI complexes for in vitro and in vivo use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Weirauch
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Kim SM, Woo JS, Jeong CH, Ryu CH, Jang JD, Jeun SS. Potential application of temozolomide in mesenchymal stem cell-based TRAIL gene therapy against malignant glioma. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:172-82. [PMID: 24436439 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively kills tumor cells, it is one of the most promising candidates for cancer treatment. TRAIL-secreting human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-TRAIL) provide targeted and prolonged delivery of TRAIL in glioma therapy. However, acquired resistance to TRAIL of glioma cells is a major problem to be overcome. We showed a potential therapy that used MSC-TRAIL combined with the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ). The antitumor effects of the combination with MSC-TRAIL and TMZ on human glioma cells were determined by using an in vitro coculture system and an in vivo experimental xenografted mouse model. Intracellular signaling events that are responsible for the TMZ-mediated sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis were also evaluated. Treatment of either TRAIL-sensitive or -resistant human glioma cells with TMZ and MSC-TRAIL resulted in a significant enhancement of apoptosis compared with the administration of each agent alone. We demonstrated that TMZ effectively increased the sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated upregulation of the death receptor 5 and downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins, such as X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein. Subsequently, this combined treatment resulted in a substantial increase in caspase activation. Furthermore, in vivo survival experiments and bioluminescence imaging analyses showed that treatment using MSC-TRAIL combined with TMZ had greater therapeutic efficacy than did single-agent treatments. These results suggest that the combination of clinically relevant TMZ and MSC-TRAIL is a potential therapeutic strategy for improving the treatment of malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Muk Kim
- Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, and Catholic Institute of Cell Therapy, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Gherardini L, Bardi G, Gennaro M, Pizzorusso T. Novel siRNA delivery strategy: a new "strand" in CNS translational medicine? Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1-20. [PMID: 23508806 PMCID: PMC11113879 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference has been envisaged as a powerful tool for molecular and clinical investigation with a great potential for clinical applications. In recent years, increased understanding of cancer biology and stem cell biology has dramatically accelerated the development of technology for cell and gene therapy in these areas. This paper is a review of the most recent report of innovative use of siRNA to benefit several central nervous system diseases. Furthermore, a description is made of innovative strategies of delivery into the brain by means of viral and non-viral vectors with high potential for translation into clinical use. Problems are also highlighted that might hamper the transition from bench to bed, analyzing the lack of reliable preclinical models with predictive validity and the lack of effective delivery systems, which are able to overcome biological barriers and specifically reach the brain site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Bardi
- Center for MicroBioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Jaszberenyi M, Schally AV, Block NL, Nadji M, Vidaurre I, Szalontay L, Rick FG. Inhibition of U-87 MG glioblastoma by AN-152 (AEZS-108), a targeted cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Oncotarget 2013; 4:422-32. [PMID: 23518876 PMCID: PMC3717305 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most frequent tumor of the central nervous system in adults and has a dismal clinical outcome, which necessitates the development of new therapeutic approaches. We investigated in vivo the action of the targeted cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, AN-152 (AEZS-108) in nude mice (Ncr nu/nu strain) bearing xenotransplanted U-87 MG glioblastoma tumors. We evaluated in vitro the expression of LHRH receptors, proliferation, apoptosis and the release of oncogenic and tumor suppressor cytokines. Clinical and U-87 MG samples of glioblastoma tumors expressed LHRH receptors. Treatment of nude mice with AN-152, once a week at an intravenous dose of 413 nmol/20g, for six weeks resulted in 76 % reduction in tumor growth. AN-152 nearly completely abolished tumor progression and elicited remarkable apoptosis in vitro. Genomic (RT-PCR) and proteomic (ELISA, Western blot) studies revealed that AN-152 activated apoptosis, as reflected by the changes in p53 and its regulators and substrates, inhibited cell growth, and elicited changes in intermediary filament pattern. AN-152 similarly reestablished contact regulation as demonstrated by expression of adhesion molecules and inhibited vascularization, as reflected by the transcription of angiogenic factors. Our findings suggest that targeted cytotoxic analog AN-152 (AEZS-108) should be considered for a treatment of glioblastomas.
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Molinaro R, Wolfram J, Federico C, Cilurzo F, Di Marzio L, Ventura CA, Carafa M, Celia C, Fresta M. Polyethylenimine and chitosan carriers for the delivery of RNA interference effectors. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1653-68. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.840286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Höbel S, Aigner A. Polyethylenimines for siRNA and miRNA delivery in vivo. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:484-501. [PMID: 23720168 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) as a naturally occurring mechanism for gene knockdown has attracted considerable attention toward the use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for therapeutic purposes. Likewise, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important cellular regulators of gene expression, and their pathological underexpression allows for novel therapeutic strategies ('miRNA replacement therapy'). To address issues related to the instability, charge, and molecular weight of small RNA molecules, nanoparticle formulations have been explored for their in vivo application. Polyethylenimines (PEIs) are positively charged, linear, or branched polymers that are able to form nanoscale complexes with small RNAs, leading to RNA protection, cellular delivery, and intracellular release. This review highlights the important properties of various PEIs with regard to their use for in vivo RNA delivery. PEI modifications for increased efficacy, altered pharmacokinetic properties, improved biocompatibility and, upon covalent coupling of ligands, targeted delivery are described. An overview of various modified PEIs and a comprehensive list of representative studies using PEI-based siRNA or miRNA delivery in vivo are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Höbel
- Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Mulcahy LA, Carter DRF. RNAi2013: RNAi at Oxford. JOURNAL OF RNAI AND GENE SILENCING : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RNA AND GENE TARGETING RESEARCH 2013; 9:486-9. [PMID: 23946766 PMCID: PMC3717312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Mulcahy
- Oxford Brookes University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences. Gypsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - David RF Carter
- Oxford Brookes University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences. Gypsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK,*Correspondence to: David Carter, , Tel: +44 1865 484216, Fax: +44 1865 483242
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Li G, Zhang Z, Wang R, Ma W, Yang Y, Wei J, Wei Y. Suppression of STIM1 inhibits human glioblastoma cell proliferation and induces G0/G1 phase arrest. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2013; 32:20. [PMID: 23578185 PMCID: PMC3639102 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depletion of calcium (Ca2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activates the ubiquitous store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) pathway which sustains long-term Ca2+ signals and is critical for cellular functions. Stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) serves a dual role as an ER Ca2+ sensor and activator of SOCE. Aberrant expression of STIM1 could be observed in several human cancer cells. However, the role of STIM1 in regulating tumorigenesis of human glioblastoma still remains unclear. METHODS Expression of STIM1 protein in a panel of human glioblastoma cell lines (U251, U87 and U373) in different transformation level were evaluated by Western blot method. STIM1 loss of function was performed on U251 cells, derived from grade IV astrocytomas-glioblastoma multiforme with a lentvirus-mediated short harpin RNA (shRNA) method. The biological impacts after knock down of STIM1 on glioblastoma cells were investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We discovered that STIM1 protein was expressed in U251, U87 and U373 cells, and especially higher in U251 cells. RNA interference efficiently downregulated the expression of STIM1 in U251 cells at both mRNA and protein levels. Specific downregulation of STIM1 inhibited U251 cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase through regulation of cell cycle-related genes, such as p21Waf1/Cip1, cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and the antiproliferative effect of STIM1 silencing was also observed in U251 glioma xenograft tumor model. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm STIM1 as a rational therapeutic target in human glioblastoma, and also indicate that lentivirus-mediated STIM1 silencing is a promising therapeutic strategy for human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, PR China
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Hori M, Miki T, Okamoto M, Yazama F, Konishi H, Kaneko H, Shimamoto F, Ota T, Temme A, Tatsuka M. The detergent-soluble cytoplasmic pool of survivin suppresses anoikis and its expression is associated with metastatic disease of human colon cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55710. [PMID: 23405201 PMCID: PMC3565976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) that is essential for accurate chromosome segregation. Interfering with the function of Survivin in mitosis leads to chromosome segregation errors and defective cytokinesis. Survivin contains a Baculovirus IAP Repeat (BIR) and therefore was originally classified as inhibitor of apopotosis protein (IAP), yet its role in apoptosis after cellular stress remains largely unknown. We demonstrate here, that Survivin predominantly suppresses anoikis, a form of programmed cell death induced by loss of cellular adhesion to extracellular matrix. Interestingly, cells ectopically overexpressing EGFP-Survivin showed after loss of cell-matrix-interaction a decreased expression of IκB-α. Subsequent subcellular protein fractionation and immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that XIAP interacts with detergent-soluble Survivin which is known to cooperatively activate NF-κB signaling. Examination of the expression levels of detergent soluble Survivin in colorectal cancer cell lines and in colorectal cancerous tissues revealed that detergent soluble cytoplasmic Survivin levels correlated inversely with anoikis susceptibility in colorectal cancer. Therefore, the detergent soluble cytoplasmic Survivin might be a promising predictive biomarker for lymph node and distant metastases of colorectal cancer. We conclude that an anti-apoptotic function of detergent-soluble Survivin in interphase cells experiencing anoikis is mediated at least via XIAP/IκB-α/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hori
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Miki
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mayumi Okamoto
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Futoshi Yazama
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Konishi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaneko
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Culture and Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fumio Shimamoto
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Culture and Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahide Ota
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Masaaki Tatsuka
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Zhu Z, Li K, Xu D, Liu Y, Tang H, Xie Q, Xie L, Liu J, Wang H, Gong Y, Hu Z, Zheng J. ZFX regulates glioma cell proliferation and survival in vitro and in vivo. J Neurooncol 2013; 112:17-25. [PMID: 23322077 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-012-1032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The zinc finger transcription factor ZFX functions as an important regulator of self-renewal in multiple stem cell types, as well as a sex determinant of mammals. Moreover, ZFX expression is abnormally elevated in several cancers, and correlates with malignancy grade. To investigate its role in the pathogenesis of gliomas, we used lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) to knockdown ZFX expression in human glioma cell lines. Our results demonstrate that ZFX plays a crucial role in glioma proliferation and survival, confirming recent reports. We also show for the first time that ZFX knockdown decreases the in vivo growth potential of U87 glioma xenografts in both subcutaneous and intracranial models in nude mice. We conclude that lentivirus-mediated RNAi targeting of ZFX may serve as a promising strategy for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichuan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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