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Cowen T, Grammatikos S, Cheffena M. Molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticle-carbon nanotube composite electrochemical gas sensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of methanol vapour. Analyst 2024; 149:2428-2435. [PMID: 38488210 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00045e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical gas sensor has been fabricated using molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes on screen-printed electrodes. Methanol vapour was chosen as the target due to its toxicity as its suitability as a model for more harmful pollutant gases. The sensor functions under ambient conditions and in the required concentration range, in contrast to all previous MIP-based gas sensors for methanol. The sensitivity of the sensor was greatly improved by the addition of multiwall carbon nanotubes, resulting in a limit of detection of approximately 10 ppm. The nanoMIPs provide an inherent selectivity for the target inherent in its design. Selectivity studies were performed with structurally analogous alcohols at various concentrations, demonstrating selectivity for methanol 12.1 times that for ethanol at 2 mmol dm-3 and 4.2 times that for ethanol at 1 mmol dm-3. Interactions with isopropanol and n-propanol were found to be non-specific, and the response to water was negligible. This demonstrates an improvement over previous methanol gas sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers. No response was observed with carbon nanotubes alone, and no selectivity was observed with non-imprinted equivalents of the nanoMIP sensor. The resulting device is by far the most practical MIP-based instrument for methanol gas sensing thus far described in the literature, being the only example capable of functioning at the necessary methanol vapour concentrations and at the required temperature and humidity. With the selectivity and sensitivity described and the simple design, the developed device provides a substantial advance in the field of molecularly imprinted gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Cowen
- Norwegian university of Science and Technology, Teknologivegen 22, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway.
| | - Sotirios Grammatikos
- Norwegian university of Science and Technology, Teknologivegen 22, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway.
| | - Michael Cheffena
- Norwegian university of Science and Technology, Teknologivegen 22, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway.
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Guedes Pinto T, Aires Dias T, Araki Ribeiro D. Is micronucleus assay in oral cells suitable biomarker for evaluating the risk of carcinogenesis in gas station attendants? A systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38193507 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2302037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate all studies which used the micronucleus assay using oral cells in the attempt to understand whether such technique is efficient in evaluating genotoxicity in gas station attendants. Full manuscripts from 16 studies were carefully selected by the authors. Our results demonstrate that continuous exposure to derivatives of petroleum may lead to genotoxic effects since all studies demonstrated positive findings (16 out of 16) and 11 of them had a strong or moderate final rating. In summary, our results reveal that gas station attendants are occupationally exposed to genotoxic agents and that the micronucleus assay in oral mucosa is indeed an effective method to evaluate genotoxicity in this specific case. Such findings are very important for protecting these professionals who are continuously exposed to chemicals for long periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Guedes Pinto
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thayza Aires Dias
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
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Arbo MD, Garcia SC, Sarpa M, Da Silva Junior FM, Nascimento SN, Garcia ALH, Da Silva J. Brazilian workers occupationally exposed to different toxic agents: A systematic review on DNA damage. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 879-880:503519. [PMID: 35914865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of genotoxicity in workers exposed to different toxic agents is very important, especially considering the association between these exposures in a chronic context and DNA damage. Assessing biomarkers of exposure and, when possible, early biomarkers of effect, contributes to elucidating the potential toxic mechanisms involved in genotoxicity and its contribution to chronic non-communicable diseases. In Brazil, the biggest country in South America, workers are exposed to hazardous physical and chemical agents. Considering that these exposures occur, in most cases, throughout the worker's whole life, this is an important public health concern in Brazil. Therefore, this systematic review aims to analyze occupational exposure to chemical and physical agents and the association with DNA damage in studies carried out in Brazil from 1980 to 2021. A systematic and comprehensive literature search was performed in different databases based on occupational exposure to chemical and physical agents and DNA damage. Only full articles on studies that investigated experimental evidence on occupational exposure in Brazil and assessed DNA damage were included, amounting to 89 articles. Five main occupational exposure groups were identified: pesticides (36%), organic solvents (20%), dust and particles (16%), metals (11%), and ionizing radiation (6%). Another group called "others" included studies (11%) that did not fall into these main groups. It was found that comet assay and micronucleus tests are the most adopted methods to detect DNA damage. Occupational exposures were most associated with DNA damage. However, further improvements in study design would be needed to better characterize the association between biomonitoring and DNA damage, particularly to account for confounding factors.
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Mohsin M, Yin H, Huang W, Zhang S, Zhang L, Mehak A. Evaluation of Occupational Health Risk Management and Performance in China: A Case Study of Gas Station Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073762. [PMID: 35409446 PMCID: PMC8997918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
China has a large number of gas stations, with which thousands of workers are associated. There is abundant online literature documenting the various occupational health risks these workers face. However, this literature has many flaws to address, and it falls short of suggesting measures to manage these risks. This study strives to fill that gap, and aims to improve the occupational health of gas station workers through comprehensive risk management and performance analysis. To this end, a reasonable volume of reliable data, i.e., 208 completed questionnaires, were analyzed through current statistical routines, viz., fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). These methods were employed to hierarchically organize the main factors and sub-factors of physical risk management, chemical risk management, biological risk management, physiological risk management and psychological risk management according to their appraised importance, and screen out the risk management stratagem for priority improvement. Research findings reveal that chemical risk and biological risk response schemes have the lowest performance, and need to be prioritized for improvement. Furthermore, this study argues that we can safeguard the occupational health of gas station workers through appropriate risk management strategies. It also elaborates on implications, limitations and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mohsin
- College of International Finance and Trade, Zhejiang YueXiu University of Foreign Languages, Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Hengbin Yin
- School of Finance and Trade, Wenzhou Business College, Wenzhou 325035, China; (W.H.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-158-5855-7931
| | - Weilun Huang
- School of Finance and Trade, Wenzhou Business College, Wenzhou 325035, China; (W.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shijun Zhang
- School of Finance and Trade, Wenzhou Business College, Wenzhou 325035, China; (W.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Luyao Zhang
- School of Business, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Ana Mehak
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
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Rohr P, da Silva GF, Vicentini VEP, Almeida IVD, Dos Santos RA, Takahashi CS, Goulart MO, da Silva GN, de Oliveira LB, Grisolia CK, Piau TB, Bassi Branco CL, Reis ÉDM, de Oliveira Galvão MF, de Medeiros SRB, Monteiro MS, de Vasconcelos Lopes RA, Brandão SFI, Batista NJC, Paz MFCJ, da Silva J. Buccal micronucleus cytome assay: Inter-laboratory scoring exercise and micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities frequencies in different populations from Brazil. Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:242-250. [PMID: 32841739 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay (BMCyt) has become an important biomonitoring tool for assessing cytogenetic damage in many studied populations. Each laboratory applies protocols that vary according to the method of collecting and preparing samples. Besides, Brazil is a country of great territorial extensions that received immigrants from various parts of the world with different genetic backgrounds. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the inter-laboratory variation in scoring the same set of slides using the more comprehensive scoring criteria, to standardize the BMCyt protocol, to observe the basal alterations in populations of different Brazilian regions and to compare it with other places around the world. Our results showed that a valuable number of laboratories participated, ten laboratories from different regions of the country, for the validation of the BMCyt in human biomonitoring studies, resulting in the 804 healthy individuals. This was possible because we observed: a range of measures needs to be considered, such as the baseline frequency of DNA damage and cell death in non-exposed individuals; age when grouped showed an influence on DNA damage, although when evaluated by group we did not see an influence; association between smoking habit and all endpoints of the BMCyt (except karyolytic cells) was evident; the basal MN frequency, in the majority of groups, follows those around the world; and the BMCyt was confirmed as a good health status biomarker. We emphasize the need for constant discussions on the parameters of cell death due to greater difficulty among the analyzers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rohr
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gabrieli Flesch da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Vivian de Almeida
- Laboratório de Mutagênese e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Raquel Alves Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Franca, UNIFRAN, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Catarina Satie Takahashi
- Departmento de Genética, Escola de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Departmento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Oliveira Goulart
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Franca, UNIFRAN, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Glenda Nicioli da Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar K Grisolia
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasilia, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Tathyana B Piau
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasilia, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Érica de Melo Reis
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | | | | | - Magaly Sales Monteiro
- Núcleo Bioprospecção e Experimentação Molecular-NUBEM, Centro Universitário INTA-UNINTA, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Programa de Pós- Graduação Profissional em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano (PPGSDH), Universidade La Salle, UniLaSalle, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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de Los A Gutiérrez M, Palmieri MA, Giuliani DS, Colman Lerner JE, Maglione G, Andrinolo D, Tasat DR. Monitoring human genotoxicity risk associated to urban and industrial Buenos Aires air pollution exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13995-14006. [PMID: 32034600 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The quality of life in large megacities is directly affected by its air quality. In urban environments, suspended particles from anthropogenic origin is one of the main air contaminants identified as highly genotoxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic. Atmospheric monitoring is therefore imperative, and bioassays to detect the effects of genotoxic agents give usually excellent results. Analysis of micronucleus (MN) in exfoliated oral mucosa cells is a sensitive non-invasive method for monitoring genetic damage in human populations. The first aim of this study was to analyze and characterize levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in two areas from Buenos Aires: La Plata city, an urban (U) area and Ensenada, an industrial (I) area. Secondly, we evaluated the possible health risk of its inhabitants through a simple genotoxic assay on exfoliated oral mucosa cells. Whole blood cell count and nuclear abnormalities frequencies were evaluated in the exfoliated oral mucosa cells from urban and industrial inhabitants. Smoking habit represented a significant factor increasing MN percentage while, age did not increase the production of any of the nuclear aberrations assayed (micronuclei, binucleated, karyorrhexis) when the inhabitants from the urban and the industrial areas were compared. In addition, changes in MN and binucleated cell percentages in males and females were found to be area-dependent. We suggest that regardless PM concentration, PM-specific characteristics (size, shape, chemical elements, etc.) and VOCs levels could be responsible for the different harmful genotoxic effects seen in the two areas. Although this is a preliminary study, our results allowed to recognize that individuals living in both the urban and the industrial areas could be considered susceptible groups and should periodically undergo biological monitoring and appropriate care.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Los A Gutiérrez
- Center for Environmental Research (CIM) Faculty of Exact Sciences, CONICET, National University of La Plata, Boulevard 120 No. 1489, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica A Palmieri
- Biodiversity and Experimental Biology Department, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Av. Int. Güiraldes No. 2160, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela S Giuliani
- Center for Environmental Research (CIM) Faculty of Exact Sciences, CONICET, National University of La Plata, Boulevard 120 No. 1489, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge E Colman Lerner
- Center for Research and Development in Applied Sciences (CINDECA), Faculty of Exact Sciences, CONICET, CIC-PBA, National University of La Plata, 47 y 115 No. 257, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo Maglione
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío Andrinolo
- Center for Environmental Research (CIM) Faculty of Exact Sciences, CONICET, National University of La Plata, Boulevard 120 No. 1489, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah R Tasat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martín, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Maciel LA, Feitosa SB, Trolly TS, Sousa AL. Genotoxic effects of occupational exposure among gas station attendants in Santarem, Para, Brazil. Rev Bras Med Trab 2020; 17:247-253. [PMID: 32270127 PMCID: PMC7138473 DOI: 10.5327/z1679443520190382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gas station attendants are at high risk of poisoning due to continuous exposure to fuel fumes. Benzene, present in gasoline, is considered a carcinogen and harmful to the health of gas station attendants. OBJECTIVE To investigate genotoxic effects on exfoliated oral mucosa cells in association with occupational exposure among gas station attendants in Santarem, Para, Brazil, and to establish the rate of adherence to personal protective equipment (PPE). METHODS The results of the micronucleus test performed with oral mucosa cells stained by means of the Feulgen and Fast Green methods were compared between 126 exposed gas station attendants distributed across six groups and controls. RESULTS The frequency of micronuclei was higher among gas station attendants compared to the group not exposed to benzene (p<0.01). The frequency of micronuclei was significantly higher (p<0.01) among the gas station attendants who reported to drink alcohol compared to non-drinkers. None of the participants (0%) used PPE. CONCLUSION The frequency of micronuclei in exfoliated oral mucosa cells was higher among gas station attendants compared to controls; frequency was even higher for the gas station attendants who reported to consume alcohol often.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Aércio Maciel
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – Santarém (PA), Brazil
| | | | - Thais Sena Trolly
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – Santarém (PA), Brazil
| | - Albino Luciano Sousa
- Graduate Department, Esperança Higher Education Institute – Santarém (PA), Brazil
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Pereira BB, Vieira Santos VS, Domingues ÉP, Silva GG, Brandão da Cunha P, Oliveira AB, Mota LM, Olegário de Campos Júnior E. Assessment of genotoxic effects on elderly populations exposed to high traffic areas: Results for supporting public health surveillance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108752. [PMID: 31557602 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In urban areas with intense vehicular traffic, particulate matter in suspension, especially the fraction of particles with ultra-fine diameter, has been regarded as the main problem of chronic diseases in susceptible populations, such as the elderly. This study aimed to determine the genotoxic effects of exposure to air pollution evaluating the association between the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and binucleated (BN) cells in exfoliated oral mucosa cells of elderly population and exposure conditions, considering the influence of traffic and concentration of PM in different aerodynamic diameters. Traffic of passenger vehicles, heavy duty trucks and environmental concentrations of Particulate Matter were measured twice a day during 28 days before biological sampling of oral mucosa from 154 participants living in areas of distinct levels of urban traffic. Data from this study showed that the group of participants living near road traffic exhibited higher MN cell frequency, when compared to the other groups of subjects. In addition, a canonical correlation analysis between environmental and genotoxicity variables analysis revealed that high concentrations of the particulate matter were correlated with intense traffic and the genotoxicity in exfoliated oral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boscolli Barbosa Pereira
- Federal University of Uberla^ndia, Institute of Geography, Santa Mo^nica Campus, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38.408-100, Uberla^ndia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus, Avenida Pará, 1720, 38.400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Santana Vieira Santos
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus, Avenida Pará, 1720, 38.400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Érica Prado Domingues
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Umuarama Campus, Avenida Pará, 1720, 38.400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Gomes Silva
- Federal University of Uberla^ndia, Institute of Geography, Santa Mo^nica Campus, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38.408-100, Uberla^ndia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Paolla Brandão da Cunha
- Master's Institute of Education President Antonio Carlos, Avenida Minas Gerais, 1889, 38444-128, Araguari, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Andrei Barbassa Oliveira
- Federal University of Uberla^ndia, Institute of Geography, Santa Mo^nica Campus, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38.408-100, Uberla^ndia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Lorrany Marins Mota
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Umuarama Campus, Avenida Pará, 1720, 38.400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Edimar Olegário de Campos Júnior
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Biological Sciences, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Filho APR, Silveira MAD, do Nascimento CB, d'Arce LPG. Integrative study of cell damage and cancer risk in gas station attendants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:1-7. [PMID: 29232963 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2017.1415305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gas station attendants are potentially exposed to carcinogenic substances. This study aimed to evaluate chronic occupational exposed gas station attendant's according to genetic parameters and its relationship with cancer predisposition. Forty gas station attendants were recruited and paired with 40 control subjects. Thousand cells from each subject were analyzed counting the number of pyknotic (PYC), karyolitic (KYL), karyorrhetic (KHC), condensed chromatin (CC), binucleated (BN), basal cells (BC), Nuclear buds (Nbud), and differentiated cells (DIFF). More 2.000 differentiated cells were analyzed counting micronucleated (MNi) and nuclear buds (NBud). We observed a statistical increase in BC and decrease in DIFF (p < 0.05). PYC, CC, KYL, MN, NBud were statistically increased (p < 0.05). All in all, our data showed elevated DNA damage, chromosomal instability, and cell cycle disturbing in our group of gas station attendants. It is a clear risk for their health in future and could be classified as a cancer predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio P R Filho
- a Center of Biological Sciences and Health, College of Biological Sciences , State University of West Paraná (UNIOESTE) , Cascavel , Brazil
| | - Maruhen A D Silveira
- a Center of Biological Sciences and Health, College of Biological Sciences , State University of West Paraná (UNIOESTE) , Cascavel , Brazil
| | - Camila B do Nascimento
- a Center of Biological Sciences and Health, College of Biological Sciences , State University of West Paraná (UNIOESTE) , Cascavel , Brazil
| | - Luciana P G d'Arce
- a Center of Biological Sciences and Health, College of Biological Sciences , State University of West Paraná (UNIOESTE) , Cascavel , Brazil
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Martínez-Valenzuela C, Waliszewski SM, Amador-Muñoz O, Meza E, Calderón-Segura ME, Zenteno E, Huichapan-Martínez J, Caba M, Félix-Gastélum R, Longoria-Espinoza R. Aerial pesticide application causes DNA damage in pilots from Sinaloa, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:2412-2420. [PMID: 27815855 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides in agricultural production originates residues in the environment where they are applied. Pesticide aerial application is a frequent source of exposure to pesticides by persons dedicated to agricultural practices and those living in neighboring communities of sprayed fields. The aim of the study was to assess the genotoxic effects of pesticides in workers occupationally exposed to these chemicals during their aerial application to agricultural fields of Sinaloa, Mexico. The study involved 30 pilots of airplanes used to apply pesticides via aerial application and 30 unexposed controls. Damage was evaluated through the micronucleus assay and by other nuclear abnormalities in epithelial cells of oral mucosa. The highest frequency ratios (FR) equal to 269.5 corresponded to binucleated cells followed by 54.2, corresponding to cells with pyknotic nuclei, 45.2 of cells with chromatin condensation, 3.7 of cells with broken-egg, 3.6 of cells with micronucleus, and 2.0 of karyolytic cells. Age, worked time, smoking, and alcohol consumption did not have significant influence on nuclear abnormalities in the pilots studied. Pesticide exposure was the main factor for nuclear abnormality results and DNA damage. Marked genotoxic damage was developed even in younger pilots with 2 years of short working period, caused by their daily occupational exposure to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Martínez-Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigación en Ambiente y Salud, Universidad de Occidente, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - S M Waliszewski
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - O Amador-Muñoz
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Meza
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - M E Calderón-Segura
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J Huichapan-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ambiente y Salud, Universidad de Occidente, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - M Caba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - R Félix-Gastélum
- Instituto de Investigación en Ambiente y Salud, Universidad de Occidente, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - R Longoria-Espinoza
- Instituto de Investigación en Ambiente y Salud, Universidad de Occidente, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
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11
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Valente D, Costa-Amaral IC, Carvalho LVBD, Santos MVCD, Castro VSD, Rodrigues DDRF, Falco AD, Silva CB, Nogueira SM, Gonçalves ES, Moreira JC, André LC, Teixeira LR, Sarcinelli PDN, Sisenando HA, Oliveira MSD, Perini JA, Mattos RDCODC, Larentis AL. Utilização de biomarcadores de genotoxicidade e expressão gênica na avaliação de trabalhadores de postos de combustíveis expostos a vapores de gasolina. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-6369000124415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução: a avaliação de uma exposição mensura sua intensidade, frequência e duração, podendo detectar danos precoces que, se ignorados, podem evoluir para um quadro nocivo. Nos campos da saúde ambiental e ocupacional, os biomarcadores de genotoxicidade tem sido largamente utilizados para essa avaliação. Objetivo: identificar, descrever e discutir os principais bioindicadores de genotoxicidade e seu uso conjunto com técnicas de avaliação de expressão gênica em estudos de exposição ocupacional ao benzeno em postos de revenda de combustíveis (PRC). Métodos: revisão bibliográfica de trabalhos publicados entre 1995 e 2015. Resultados: as técnicas identificadas foram: ensaio cometa, estresse oxidativo, micronúcleos, aberrações cromossômicas, polimorfismos, adutos de DNA e proteínas, fatores epigenéticos e expressão gênica. Foi observado que testes de danos genéticos e epigenéticos são utilizados em frentistas de PRC que participam de programas de saúde do trabalhador ou de pesquisas, embora um baixo número de publicações sobre o tema tenha sido identificado. Esse fato talvez possa ser explicado pelos poucos países onde a profissão persiste e pelas limitações para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas nesses países. Conclusão: os bioindicadores de genotoxicidade e as técnicas de expressão gênica são úteis na detecção de dano precoce desta exposição ocupacional e devem ser avaliados em conjunto.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna De Falco
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fiocruz, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jamila Alessandra Perini
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Brasil; Fiocruz, Brazil
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Baesse CQ, Tolentino VCDM, da Silva AM, Silva ADA, Ferreira GÂ, Paniago LPM, Nepomuceno JC, de Melo C. Micronucleus as biomarker of genotoxicity in birds from Brazilian Cerrado. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 115:223-228. [PMID: 25706087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Birds are considered efficient bioindicators, by their behavioral characteristics, diversified diet, and use of several vegetation layers, including in contaminated environments. The accumulation of contaminants can harm the reproductive process and survival of species, in addition to causing severe metabolic disorders. Air pollution can also affect the birds' health. Micronucleus analysis, a technique able to evaluate the organisms' sensitivity to contaminant agents, has been regarded as a practical tool for evaluating and monitoring the clastogenic and aneugenic effects caused by pollutants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of micronuclei in bird species that use forest environments and their surroundings; and to verify if the frequency and amount of micronuclei varies between species, areas and populations. Birds transiting between the Brazilian Cerrado forest and open formations were analyzed, coming from four forest fragments of Triângulo Mineiro, two close to urban areas and two more distant. Birds were captured with mist-nets for collecting blood extensions, which were used for counting micronuclei. In total, 103 individuals of 21 species were captured, and the micronucleus rate for every 5000 erythrocytes analyzed was 1.30. Only six populations had sampling sufficiency. There was no difference between the number of individuals with and without micronuclei (χ²=3.18, df=1, p=0.08). In areas closer to the urban perimeter, the micronuclei averages in birds were greater compared to the most isolated areas (H=27.534, df=3, p<0,001). In São José, the individuals of Myiothlypis flaveola presented a number of micronuclei significantly greater than the Galheiro and Água Fria (H=9.601, df=2, p=0.008). M. flaveola clearly reflected the area quality. The micronuclei analysis in birds was effective for evaluating the area quality as well as the intensity with which the birds respond to impacts caused by the surrounding matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Queiroz Baesse
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustic, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, Bairro Umuarama, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation of Natural Resources, Brazil.
| | - Vitor Carneiro de Magalhães Tolentino
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustic, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, Bairro Umuarama, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation of Natural Resources, Brazil
| | - Adriano Marcos da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustic, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, Bairro Umuarama, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation of Natural Resources, Brazil
| | - Arthur de Andrade Silva
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustic, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, Bairro Umuarama, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Ângelo Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustic, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, Bairro Umuarama, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luís Pedro Mendes Paniago
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustic, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, Bairro Umuarama, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation of Natural Resources, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Nepomuceno
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustic, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, Bairro Umuarama, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Brazil
| | - Celine de Melo
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustic, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, Bairro Umuarama, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Feki-Tounsi M, Khlifi R, Mhiri MN, Rebai A, Hamza-Chaffai A. Cytogenetic damage in the oral mucosa cells of bladder cancer patients exposed to tobacco in Southern Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:12922-7. [PMID: 24981033 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer was associated to exposure to several pollutants which can be absorbed, inhaled, or possibly ingested. We analyzed the frequency of micronuclei (MNC) and binucleated cells (BNC) in exfoliated cells of the oral mucosa of 24 bladder cancer (BC) patients and 48 controls residing in Southern Tunisia. An assessment was carried out on the incidence of MNC and BNC in 1,000 cells per individual. The data were analyzed with SPSS, using the chi-square and the Mann-Whitney U test, α = 0.05. The frequency of MN cells in BC cases was 2.5-fold higher, than in the control group (P < 0.001), while the difference for BNC between both groups was not significant. The smoking habits, age, and gender significantly influenced the MN but not the BNC alterations. The results of our study showed significantly increased frequencies of MN but not of BNC in exfoliated oral cells of BC patients associated with the smoking status, sex, and age. This study provides preliminary evidence that the frequency of MN in oral mucosa could be a predictive biomarker for cancers in parts of the body other than the upper aerodigestive tract, such as BC. Further scrupulous investigations are certainly warranted in order to implement this assay as a routine test in the planning and validation of cancer surveillance and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molka Feki-Tounsi
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology. IPEIS, Sfax University, PB 805, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia,
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14
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Singaraju M, Singaraju S, Parwani R, Wanjari S. Cytogenetic biomonitoring in petrol station attendants: A micronucleus study. J Cytol 2013; 29:1-5. [PMID: 22438608 PMCID: PMC3307442 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.93208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Benzene, which is a major organic product, on chronic exposure can result in many malignant disorders, and therefore exposure to gasoline vapors is classified by the International Agency for Research of Cancer as possible carcinogenic to humans. Petrol station attendants are chronically exposed to petroleum derivatives through inhalation of petrol during vehicle refuelling. Aim: This study is aimed to investigate cytogenotoxic damage in exfoliated buccal cells obtained from petrol station workers and control subjects using micronucleus (MN) test. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 30 petrol station attendants working at different petrol stations located in Indore. The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects who were not exposed to benzene. Buccal cell samples were collected at the end of the work shift. Slides were stained and were evaluated to determine the MN frequencies. Exposure monitoring was performed by the detection of phenol excreted in the urine. Urinary phenol measurements were performed following the colorimetric quantitative determination method of Yamaguchi and Hayashi. Results: Variations in MN frequencies were seen in control and petrol bunk attendants. Conclusion: The MN test in exfoliated epithelial cells seems to be a useful biomarker of occupational exposure to genotoxic chemicals. Phenol is the principal metabolite of benzene. Therefore, phenol concentration in the urine of exposed workers can be used as a biomarker of external exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhini Singaraju
- Postgraduate student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Modern Dental College and Research Center, Airport Road, Gandhi Nagar, Indore, India
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15
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da Rosa JCF, Fiegenbaum M, Soledar AL, Claus MS, de Souza Nunes AD, Cardoso VV. Cytogenetic evaluation and the association with polymorphisms of the CPY1A1 and NR1I3 genes in individuals exposed to BTEX. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:5883-5890. [PMID: 23138419 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The gas station attendants are exposed daily to chemical agents that compose gasoline, such as BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene), and the exposure to these agents can cause a variety of effects on the human health. Among the various possible cell alterations associated with these exposures are the formation of micronuclei and of binucleated cells which are used as indicators of clastogenic action. Benzene, the main carcinogenic agent, is metabolized to more soluble forms and easily excreted by isoenzymes of cytochrome P450, such as CYP1A1. The CYP1A1 gene is highly polymorphic and one of its allele variations can be detected by the use of restriction endonucleasis MspI and is originated by the transition of a thymine by a cytosine (3798T>C), resulting in the polymorphic allele CYP1A1*2A. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytogenetic damage induced by the exposure to BTEX and to associate it with the polymorphisms of the CYP1A1 and NR1I3 genes. Samples of exfoliated cells from the oral mucosa of 27 gas station attendants and from a control group were collected. The results found show that the group exposed to BTEX presents significantly higher alterations than those in the control group for micronuclei (MN; 6.85 ± 1.33 vs. 2.96 ± 1.91, P < 0.001) and for the total of nuclear alterations observed (MN + binucleated cells (BNC); 9.59 ± 4.73 vs. 5.07 ± 2.21, P < 0.001). When comparing the cytological alterations and the genotypes among the exposed individuals for the polymorphism 3798T>C of the CYP1A1 gene, homozygotes TT present MN + BNC significantly higher than carriers of the allele C (10.88 ± 5.36 vs. 5.33 ± 2.52, P = 0.028). No association was observed in the control group or for the NR1I3 gene. These results show that molecular and cytogenetic data can be used in the future as tools to monitor individuals exposed to such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Fraga da Rosa
- Laboratório de Mutagênese e Toxicologia, Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Rua Demetrio Ribeiro, 151 Apt 702, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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16
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Cytogenetic abnormality in exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa in head and neck cancer patients in the Tunisian population: impact of different exposure sources. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:905252. [PMID: 23957010 PMCID: PMC3727183 DOI: 10.1155/2013/905252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome/DNA instability could be one of the primary causes of malignant cell transformation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the spontaneous genetic damages in exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa of head and neck cancer (HNC) by counting micronucleus (MN) and binucleated (BN) cells frequencies. MN and BN frequencies were significantly increased in HNC patients compared with controls (5.53 ± 3.09/1000 cells, 5.63 ± 2.99/1000 cells versus 2.36 ± 2.11/1000 cells, 3.09 ± 1.82/1000 cells, P < 0.001). Regarding the gender and the age, the frequencies of the MN and BN were significantly higher than those of controls (P < 0.01). The evaluation of the MN and BN frequencies revealed a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the cases in relation to the control group after controlling the risk factors (tobacco smoking and chewing and occupational exposure) of HNC. Moreover, MN and BN frequencies were significantly increased in smokers and chewers compared with nonsmokers and nonchewers among patients (P < 0.05). MN frequency was significantly (P = 0.014) different between patients occupationally exposed (6.99 ± 3.40/1000 cells) and nonexposed (4.70 ± 2.48/1000 cells) among HNC group. The logistic regression model illustrated that HNC was significantly associated with frequencies of MN (OR = 8.63, P < 0.0001) and BN (OR = 5.62, P = 0.001). Our results suggest that increased chromosome/DNA instabilities may be associated with HNC.
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17
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Risk perception and occupational accidents: a study of gas station workers in southern Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:2362-77. [PMID: 22851948 PMCID: PMC3407909 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9072362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the perceptions of gas station workers about physical, chemical, biological and physiological risk factors to which they are exposed in their work environment; identify types of occupational accidents involving gas station workers and; report the development of a socioenvironmental intervention as a tool for risk communication to gas station workers. A quantitative study was performed with 221 gas station workers in southern Brazil between October and December 2010. Data collection was performed between October to December 2010 via structured interviews. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0. The participants identified the following risk types: chemical (93.7%), physical (88.2%), physiological (64.3%) and biological (62.4%). In this sample, 94.1% of gas station workers reported occupational accidents, and 74.2% reported fuel contact with the eyes (p < 0.05). It is concluded that workers perceive risks, and that they tend to relate risks with the occurrence of occupational accidents as an indicator of the dangerous nature of their work environment.
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18
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Lima CF, Oliveira LU, Cabral LAG, Brandão AAH, Salgado MÂC, Almeida JD. Cytogenetic damage of oral mucosa by consumption of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:441-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bonassi S, Biasotti B, Kirsch-Volders M, Knasmueller S, Zeiger E, Burgaz S, Bolognesi C, Holland N, Thomas P, Fenech M. State of the art survey of the buccal micronucleus assay--a first stage in the HUMNXL project initiative. Mutagenesis 2009; 24:295-302. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gep019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Nersesyan AK. Re: Genotoxic effects of aluminum chloride in cultured human lymphocytes treated in different phases of cell cycle. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 46:1204; author reply 1205. [PMID: 18054421 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Thomas P, Harvey S, Gruner T, Fenech M. The buccal cytome and micronucleus frequency is substantially altered in Down's syndrome and normal ageing compared to young healthy controls. Mutat Res 2007; 638:37-47. [PMID: 17920640 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The buccal micronucleus cytome assay was used to investigate biomarkers for DNA damage, cell death and basal cell frequency in buccal cells of healthy young, healthy old and young Down's syndrome cohorts. With normal ageing a significant increase in cells with micronuclei (P<0.05, average increase +366%), karyorrhectic cells (P<0.001, average increase +439%), condensed chromatin cells (P<0.01, average increase +45.8%) and basal cells (P<0.001, average increase +233%) is reported relative to young controls. In Down's syndrome we report a significant increase in cells with micronuclei (P<0.001, average increase +733%) and binucleated cells (P<0.001, average increase +84.5%) and a significant decrease in condensed chromatin cells (P<0.01, average decrease -52%), karyolytic cells (P<0.001, average decrease -51.8%) and pyknotic cells (P<0.001, average decrease -75.0%) relative to young controls. These changes show distinct differences between the cytome profile of normal ageing relative to that for a premature ageing syndrome, and highlight the diagnostic value of the cytome approach for measuring the profile of cells with DNA damage, cell death and proportion of cells with proliferative potential (i.e., basal cells). Significant correlations amongst cell death biomarkers observed in this study were used to propose a new model of the inter-relationship of cell types scored within the buccal micronucleus cytome assay. This study validates the use of a cytome approach to investigate DNA damage, cell death and cell proliferation in buccal cells with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Thomas
- CSIRO Human Nutrition, PO Box 10041, Adelaide BC, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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22
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Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Atefie K, Schulte-Hermann R, Knasmüller S. Effect of staining procedures on the results of micronucleus assays with exfoliated oral mucosa cells. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 15:1835-40. [PMID: 17035390 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronuclei in exfoliated epithelial cells are widely used as biomarkers of cancer risk in humans. To elucidate the effect of different staining procedures on the outcome of such investigation, we conducted a study in which the micronuclei frequencies in oral mucosa cells of heavy smokers (n = 20) and nonsmokers (n = 10) were evaluated with nonspecific (Giemsa, May-Grünwald-Giemsa) and DNA-specific (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, Feulgen, acridine orange) stains, whereas with Giemsa-based stains, the frequencies of micronuclei in smokers were significantly (4- to 5-fold) higher in the smokers group, no significant increase was observed with any of the DNA-specific stains. Furthermore, the evaluation of cells of the two study groups with Feulgen stain showed that oral mucosa cells from smokers had significantly increased levels of nuclear anomalies other than micronuclei. These anomalies are consequences of cell injury found in epithelial cells and are paralleled by formation of keratin bodies in the cytoplasm that resemble micronuclei. Correlation analyses showed that micronuclei frequencies scored in Giemsa-stained slides correlated significantly with karyorrhexis, karyolysis, condensed chromatin, and binucleates, whereas no such correlations were found with DNA-specific stains. These findings indicate that nuclear anomalies (and possibly keratin bodies) may be misinterpreted as micronuclei with nonspecific DNA stains and lead to false-positive results in studies with cells of epithelial origin. Furthermore, our results show that exposure of oral mucosa cells to genotoxic carcinogens contained in tobacco smoke does not lead to induction of micronuclei in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Heuser VD, de Andrade VM, da Silva J, Erdtmann B. Comparison of genetic damage in brazilian footwear-workers exposed to solvent-based or water-based adhesive. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2005; 583:85-94. [PMID: 15866469 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2004] [Revised: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that workers employed in footwear manufacture are at increased risk of some cancers, the strongest evidence being for nasal cancer and leukemia. Footwear-workers are routinely exposed to complex mixtures of solvents in degreasers, cleaners, primers, and adhesives used in the production process as toluene, n-hexane, acetone, and possibly dust particles, additives in shoe materials and degradation products of materials. The recognition of the potential health-hazards of solvent-based adhesives (SBAs) has lead to the development of adhesives with no organic solvents, the water-based adhesives (WBA). We investigated footwear-workers (all males) exposed to SBA (n=29) (for 3.98+/-4.13 years), and WBA (n=16), which had spent the six months previous to the study employed in an experimental section which used only water-based adhesives, although they had previously worked in sections which used solvent-based adhesives (for 5.80+/-4.03 years); 25 healthy subjects were used as controls. The Comet assay and the micronucleus test were used as endpoints, while the traditional parameters for assessing exposure to toluene in organic mixtures by measuring the concentration of urinary hippuric acid were also assessed. Our results showed a significantly lower mean concentration of hippuric acid in the control group than found in the SBA (P<0.001) and WBA (P<0.05) groups. The Comet assay results showed that there was a significant increase in the mean damage index for the SBA (P<0.001) group in comparison to the WBA group and control (P<0.05). For the micronucleus test in binucleated lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal cell, the three groups were not statistically different. Our study demonstrated that water-based adhesives are clearly a better option for safeguarding the health of footwear-workers, even with possibility of isocyanate presence, while the positive results observed in SBA group might be explained by chloroprene presence in the adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina Dahlström Heuser
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
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Heuser VD, da Silva J, Moriske HJ, Dias JF, Yoneama ML, de Freitas TRO. Genotoxicity biomonitoring in regions exposed to vehicle emissions using the comet assay and the micronucleus test in native rodent Ctenomys minutus. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2002; 40:227-235. [PMID: 12489112 DOI: 10.1002/em.10115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to motor vehicle emissions represents an important concern for possible long-term health effects. The present report describes: 1) the application and verification of the alkaline comet assay in Ctenomys minutus to detect the possible genotoxicity of automobile emissions; 2) a comparison of the comet assay results with peripheral blood micronucleus (MN) assay results performed in the same animals; and 3) the identification of agents involved in the responses and in the seasonal variation of the effects. Ctenomys minutus (Octodontidae-Rodentia) were captured in two different fields from both sides of RS/030, a highway on the coastal plain of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Reference animals were obtained from a nearby field that was about 3 km distant from any road. By the end of this study, 123 rodents (73 females and 50 males) were live-trapped. Our results indicate that there was an increase in cells with DNA damage for C. minutus environmentally exposed to automobile emissions, as demonstrated by the alkaline comet assay, but there was no increase in micronucleated cells. The alkaline comet assay showed age and gender differences in the response. The comet assay results suggest that adult females are the principal population affected by air pollutants from vehicle emissions. Chemical data were also collected from areas exposed to automobile exhaust and these indicated that elevated levels of hydrocarbons, metals, and NO(2) were associated with the elevated levels of damaged cells observed in the wild rodent C. minutus. Our results agree with previous data on engine and fuel components, where weak increases in damage for native rodents exposed to emissions have been observed. Other larger, controlled studies are needed to better understand how the metabolism of C. minutus affects its response to emission exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina D Heuser
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CP 15053, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil.
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