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Hossein MS, Son YB, Jeong YW, Jeong YI, Kang MN, Choi EJ, Park KB, Bae YR, Kim DY, Hwang WS. Production of transgenic first filial puppies expressing mutated human amyloid precursor protein gene. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1227202. [PMID: 37964915 PMCID: PMC10642565 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1227202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Propagation of transgenic animals by germline transmission using assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most efficient way to produce transgenic colonies for biomedical research. The objective of this study was to generate transgenic puppies from a founder dog expressing the mutated human amyloid precursor protein (mhAPP) gene. Experiment I assessed the characteristics of the semen prepared by freshly diluted, swim-up, and Percoll gradient methods using a computer-assisted semen analyzer (CASA). Motile and progressively motile sperm counts were higher in the Percoll gradient samples (p < 0.05) than in the swim-up and freshly diluted samples. In Experiment II, a total of 59, 70, and 65 presumptive zygotes produced by fresh, Percoll gradient, and swim-up methods, respectively, were transferred to surrogates (5 for each group); the Percoll gradient (27.27%) and swim-up samples (14.29%) showed the highest blastocyst formation rates, while fresh diluted semen did not produce any blastocyst. Experiment III examined the full-term developmental ability of embryos. Among the 5 surrogates in the Percoll gradient group, one (20.0%) became pregnant; it had 4 (6.15%) sacs and delivered 4 (6.15%; 2 males and 2 females) live puppies. Among the 4 puppies, 2 (50.0%) were found to transmit the transgene on their nail and toe under GFP fluorescence. Furthermore, the integration and expression of the mhAPP transgene were examined in the umbilical cords of all the IVF-derived puppies, and the presence of the transgene was only observed in the GFP-positive puppies. Thus, semen prepared by the Percoll method could generate transgenic puppies by male germline transmission using the IVF technique. Our result will help propagate transgenic dogs efficiently, which will foster human biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Bum Son
- UAE Biotech Research Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Woo Jeong
- UAE Biotech Research Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Companion Animal and Animal Resources Science, Joongbu University, Geumsan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ik Jeong
- UAE Biotech Research Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mi Na Kang
- UAE Biotech Research Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eun Ji Choi
- UAE Biotech Research Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kang Bae Park
- UAE Biotech Research Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yu Ra Bae
- UAE Biotech Research Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Bio-nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Suk Hwang
- UAE Biotech Research Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia
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Balli M, Cecchele A, Pisaturo V, Makieva S, Carullo G, Somigliana E, Paffoni A, Vigano’ P. Opportunities and Limits of Conventional IVF versus ICSI: It Is Time to Come off the Fence. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195722. [PMID: 36233589 PMCID: PMC9572455 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional IVF (c-IVF) is one of the most practiced assisted reproductive technology (ART) approaches used worldwide. However, in the last years, the number of c-IVF procedures has dropped dramatically in favor of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in cases of non-male-related infertility. In this review, we have outlined advantages and disadvantages associated with c-IVF, highlighting the essential steps governing its success, its limitations, the methodology differences among laboratories and the technical progress. In addition, we have debated recent insights into fundamental questions, including indications regarding maternal age, decreased ovarian reserve, endometriosis, autoimmunity, single oocyte retrieval-cases as well as preimplantation genetic testing cycles. The “overuse” of ICSI procedures in several clinical situations of ART has been critically discussed. These insights will provide a framework for a better understanding of opportunities associated with human c-IVF and for best practice guidelines applicability in the reproductive medicine field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Balli
- Infertility Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Cecchele
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Valerio Pisaturo
- Infertility Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Sofia Makieva
- Kinderwunschzentrum, Klinik für Reproduktions-Endokrinologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Carullo
- Infertility Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Edgardo Somigliana
- Infertility Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Paola Vigano’
- Infertility Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Ferlin A, Calogero AE, Krausz C, Lombardo F, Paoli D, Rago R, Scarica C, Simoni M, Foresta C, Rochira V, Sbardella E, Francavilla S, Corona G. Management of male factor infertility: position statement from the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) : Endorsing Organization: Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction, and Research (SIERR). J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1085-1113. [PMID: 35075609 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Infertility affects 15-20% of couples and male factors are present in about half of the cases. For many aspects related to the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of male factor infertility, there is no general consensus, and the clinical approach is not uniform. METHODS In the present document by the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS), endorsed by the Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction, and Research (SIERR), we propose evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of male factor infertility to improve patient and couple care. RESULTS Components of the initial evaluation should include at minimum medical history, physical examination, and semen analysis. Semen microbiological examination, endocrine assessment, and imaging are suggested in most men and recommended when specific risk factors for infertility exist or first-step analyses showed abnormalities. Full examination including genetic tests, testicular cytology/histology, or additional tests on sperm is clinically oriented and based on the results of previous investigations. For treatment purposes, the identification of the specific cause and the pathogenetic mechanism is advisable. At least, distinguishing pre-testicular, testicular, and post-testicular forms is essential. Treatment should be couple-oriented, including lifestyle modifications, etiologic therapies, empirical treatments, and ART on the basis of best evidence and with a gradual approach. CONCLUSION These Guidelines are based on two principal aspects: they are couple-oriented and place high value in assessing, preventing, and treating risk factors for infertility. These Guidelines also highlighted that male infertility and in particular testicular function might be a mirror of general health of a man.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ferlin
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35121, Padua, Italy.
| | - A E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - C Krausz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - F Lombardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank "Loredana Gandini", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - D Paoli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank "Loredana Gandini", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - R Rago
- Department of Gender, Parenting, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Physiopathology of Reproduction and Andrology Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - C Scarica
- European Hospital, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - M Simoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - C Foresta
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - V Rochira
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - E Sbardella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - S Francavilla
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Andrology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Corona
- Medical Department, Endocrinology Unit, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Azienda Usl, Bologna, Italy
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Rao M, Tang L, Wang L, Chen M, Yan G, Zhao S. Cumulative live birth rates after IVF/ICSI cycles with sperm prepared by density gradient centrifugation vs. swim-up: a retrospective study using a propensity score-matching analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:60. [PMID: 35361225 PMCID: PMC8969370 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Density gradient centrifugation (DGC) and swim-up (SU) are the two most widely used sperm preparation methods for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). However, existing comparisons of IVF/ICSI outcomes following these sperm preparation methods are insufficient and controversial. METHODS This retrospective study included all first autologous IVF and ICSI cycles performed between March 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020 in a single university-based center. A total of 3608 cycles were matched between DGC and SU using propensity score (PS) matching for potential confounding factors at a ratio of 1:1. The primary outcome was the cumulative live birth rate (cLBR) per aspiration. RESULTS PS matching provided 719 cycles after DGC and 719 cycles after SU. After adjusting for confounders, the recovery rate, progressive motility rate after sperm preparation, fertilization rate, good-quality embryo rate, and blastocyst formation rate were similar between the DGC and SU groups. The cLBR (odds ratio [OR] = 1.143, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.893-1.461) and LBR per transfer (OR = 1.082, 95% CI: 0.896-1.307) were also not significantly different between the groups. Furthermore, no significant differences were found in all of the laboratory and clinical outcomes following conventional IVF or ICSI cycles between the two groups. However, a significantly higher fertilization rate (β = 0.074, 95% CI: 0.008-0.140) was observed when using poor-quality sperm in the DGC group than in the SU group. CONCLUSIONS Sperm preparation using DGC and SU separately resulted in similar IVF/ICSI outcomes. Further studies are warranted to compare the effects of these methods on IVF/ICSI outcomes when using sperm from subgroups of different quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Rao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Longda Wang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Mengxiang Chen
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Gaofeng Yan
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China.
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5
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Boomsma CM, Cohlen BJ, Farquhar C. Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 10:CD004507. [PMID: 31612995 PMCID: PMC6792139 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004507.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semen preparation techniques for assisted reproduction, including intrauterine insemination (IUI), were developed to select the motile morphologically normal spermatozoa. The yield of many motile, morphologically normal spermatozoa might influence treatment choices and therefore outcomes. OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of three different semen preparation techniques (gradient; swim-up; wash and centrifugation) on clinical outcomes (live birth rate; clinical pregnancy rate) in subfertile couples undergoing IUI. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group (CGFG) trials register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Science Direct Database, National Research Register, Biological Abstracts and clinical trial registries in March 2019, and checked references and contacted study authors to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy in terms of clinical outcomes of semen preparation techniques used for subfertile couples undergoing IUI. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures recommended by Cochrane. The primary review outcomes are live birth rate and clinical pregnancy rate per couple. MAIN RESULTS We included seven RCTS in the review; we included six of these, totalling 485 couples, in the meta-analysis. No trials reported the primary outcome of live birth. The evidence was of very low-quality. The main limitations were (unclear) risk of bias, signs of imprecision and inconsistency in results among studies and the small number of studies/participants included.Swim-up versus gradient technique Considering the quality of evidence, we are uncertain whether there was a difference between clinical pregnancy rates (CPR) for swim-up versus a gradient technique (odds ratio (OR) 0.83, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.35; I² = 71%; 4 RCTs, 370 participants; very low-quality evidence). The results suggest that if the chance of pregnancy after the use of a gradient technique is assumed to be 24%, the chance of pregnancy after using the swim-up technique is between 14% and 30%. We are uncertain whether there was a real difference between ongoing pregnancy rates per couple (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.82; heterogeneity not applicable; 1 RCT, 223 participants; very low-quality evidence). Considering the quality of evidence, we are uncertain whether there was a difference between multiple pregnancy rates (MPR) per couple comparing a swim-up versus gradient technique (MPR per couple 0% versus 0%; 1 RCT, 25 participants; very low-quality of evidence). Considering the quality of evidence, we are also uncertain whether there was a difference between miscarriage rates (MR) per couple comparing a swim-up versus gradient technique (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.28 to 2.59; I² = 44%; 3 RCTs, 330 participants; very low-quality evidence). No studies reported on ectopic pregnancy rate, fetal abnormalities or infection rate.Swim-up versus wash techniqueConsidering the quality of evidence, we are uncertain whether there is a difference in clinical pregnancy rates after a swim-up technique versus wash and centrifugation (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.15 to 1.13; I² = 55%; 2 RCTs, 78 participants; very low-quality evidence). The results suggest that if the chance of pregnancy after the use of a wash technique is assumed to be 38%, the chance of pregnancy after using the swim-up technique is between 9% and 41%. Considering the quality of evidence, we are uncertain whether there was a difference between multiple pregnancy rates between swim-up technique versus wash technique (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.02 to 13.28; heterogeneity not applicable; 1 RCT, 26 participants; very low-quality evidence). Miscarriage rate was only reported by one study: no miscarriages were reported in either treatment arm. No studies reported on ongoing pregnancy rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, fetal abnormalities or infection rate.Gradient versus wash techniqueConsidering the quality of evidence, we are uncertain whether there is a difference in clinical pregnancy rates after a gradient versus wash and centrifugation technique (OR 1.78, 95% CI 0.58 to 5.46; I² = 52%; 2 RCTs, 94 participants; very low-quality evidence). The results suggest that if the chance of pregnancy after the use of a wash technique is assumed to be 13%, the chance of pregnancy after using the gradient technique is between 8% and 46%. Considering the quality of evidence, we are uncertain whether there was a difference between multiple pregnancy rates per couple between the treatment groups (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01 to 8.83; very low-quality evidence). Considering the quality of evidence, we are also uncertain whether there was a difference between miscarriage rates per couple between the treatment groups (OR 6.11, 95% CI 0.27 to 138.45; very low-quality evidence). No studies reported on ongoing pregnancy rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, fetal abnormalities or infection rate. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to recommend any specific semen preparation technique: swim-up versus gradient versus wash and centrifugation technique. No studies reported on live birth rates. Considering the quality of evidence (very low), we are uncertain whether there is a difference in clinical pregnancy rates, ongoing pregnancy rates, multiple pregnancy rates or miscarriage rates per couple) between the three sperm preparation techniques. Further randomised trials are warranted that report live birth data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien M. Boomsma
- Bravis HospitalObstetrics and GynaecologyBoerhaaveplein 1Bergen op ZoomNetherlands4624 VT
| | - Ben J Cohlen
- Isala Clinics, Location SophiaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyDr van Heesweg 2Isala ZwolleNetherlands
| | - Cindy Farquhar
- University of AucklandDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyFMHS Park RoadGraftonAucklandNew Zealand1003
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Yildiz K, Yuksel S. Use of microfluidic sperm extraction chips as an alternative method in patients with recurrent in vitro fertilisation failure. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:1423-1429. [PMID: 31093866 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It is known that sperm preparation techniques in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) are intended to select the best-quality sperm. The aim of this study is to compare sperm the density gradient method and microfluidic chip (Fertile Plus) method in infertile patients by analysing fertilisation rates, pregnancy rates, and sperm morphology and DNA fragmentation rates posed by these two methods. METHODS Using semen samples obtained from the patients, sperms were prepared with gradient (n = 312) and microfluidic chip methods (n = 116). Fertilisation and pregnancy rates were compared in the first time and in the recurrent IVF trial patients. In addition, the morphology and DNA fragmentation comparison of sperm samples were evaluated by Toluidine blue in situ chemical staining method. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between fertilisation and pregnancy rates when compared with study groups in first-time IVF treatment patients. However, in recurrent IVF failure patients, there was a significant difference in fertilisation rates but no statistically significant difference was found in pregnancy rates. The microfluidic chip method significantly decreased sperm DNA fragmentation index according to density gradient method. CONCLUSIONS Microfluidic chip method may be recommended in patients with recurrent unsuccessful in vitro trials. The sperm DNA fragmentation test prior to the treatment will be helpful in selecting the appropriate sperm-washing method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sengul Yuksel
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Medicine Faculty, School of Medicine, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
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Which semen analysis correlates with favorable Intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI) outcomes? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 234:85-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Palini S, Stefani SD, Primiterra M, Benedetti S, Barone S, Carli L, Vaccari E, Murat U, Feichtinger W. Comparison of in vitro fertilization outcomes in ICSI cycles after human sperm preparation by density gradient centrifugation and direct micro swim-up without centrifugation. JBRA Assist Reprod 2017; 21:89-93. [PMID: 28609274 PMCID: PMC5473700 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20170022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a non-expensive, easy
and fast technique (direct micro swim-up) for sperm preparation in
intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatments without the use of
centrifuge. Methods We carried out a multicentric study in which a total of 140 ICSI-cycles were
included. Sibling oocytes were divided into two groups according to semen
preparation procedures: group A, discontinuous gradients (DG) (oocytes
n=668), and group B, direct micro swim-up (MSU) (oocytes n=660). We analyzed
differences in some key performance indicators. Results Fertilization rates were not statistically different between the DG and MSU
groups (76.0% vs. 81.8%, respectively, p=0.248); while
significant differences were found in blastulation rates per fertilized
oocytes (41.7% vs. 58.5%, p=0.009), blastulation rates per
D3 embryos (46.1% vs. 63.7%, p=0.045), and pregnancy rates
(25.8% vs. 41.9%, p=0.045). The abortion rate was reduced
in the MSU group as compared to DG, but not in a significant manner (12.9%
vs. 29.4%, p=0.161). Conclusion The MSU procedure has the advantage of reducing costs, time and mismatches,
while ensuring comparable, and in some cases, better results than DG
treatments. This technique can therefore be used as an alternative method to
other conventional semen treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Palini
- IVF Unit, Cervesi Hospital Cattolica, Cattolica (RN), Italy
| | | | | | - Serena Benedetti
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Stefano Barone
- IVF Unit, Versilia Hospital, Lido di Camaiore (LU), Italy
| | - Luca Carli
- Wunschbaby Zentrum Feichtinger, Wien, Austria
| | | | - Ulug Murat
- IVF Unit, Ota Jinemed Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Morphological assessment on day 4 and its prognostic power in selecting viable embryos for transfer. ZYGOTE 2015; 24:477-84. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199415000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SummaryThe aim of this study was to describe a system for embryo morphology scoring at the morula stage and to determine the efficiency of this model in selecting viable embryos for transfer. In total, 519 embryos from 122 patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were scored retrospectively on day 4 according to the grading system proposed in this article. Two separate quality scores were assigned to each embryo in relation to the grade of compaction and fragmentation and their developmental fate was then observed on days 5 and 6. Secondly, the prediction value of this scoring system was compared with the prediction value of the traditional scoring system adopted on day 3. Morulas classified as grade A showed a significant higher blastocyst formation rate (87.2%) compared with grades B, C and D (63.8, 41.3 and 15.0%, respectively), (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the ability to form top quality blastocysts was significantly higher for grade A morulas with respect to grades B, and C and D (37.8% vs. 22.4% vs. 11.1%), (P < 0.001). Finally, the morula scoring system showed more prediction power with respect to the embryo scoring a value of 1 [Akaike information criterion (AIC) index 16.4 vs. 635.3 and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) index −68.8 vs. −30.0 for morulas and embryos respectively]. In conclusion, results demonstrated that the presented scoring system allows for the evaluation of eligible embryos for transfer as a significant correlation between the grade of morula, blastulation rate and blastocyst quality was observed. Furthermore, the morula scoring system was shown to be the best predictive model when compared with the traditional scoring system performed on day 3.
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10
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Neyer A, Zintz M, Stecher A, Bach M, Wirleitner B, Zech NH, Vanderzwalmen P. The impact of paternal factors on cleavage stage and blastocyst development analyzed by time-lapse imaging-a retrospective observational study. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32:1607-14. [PMID: 26286759 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Various time-lapse studies have postulated embryo selection criteria based on early morphokinetic markers. However, late paternal effects are mostly not visible before embryonic genome activation. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to investigate whether those early morphokinetic algorithms investigated by time-lapse imaging are reliable enough to allow for the accurate selection of those embryos that develop into blastocysts, while of course taking into account the correlation with the type of injected spermatozoa. METHODS During a period of 18 months, a total of 461 MII oocytes from 43 couples with severe male factor infertility and previous "external" IVF failures after cleavage-stage embryo transfer (ET) were fertilized by intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI). Thereof, 373 embryos were monitored in a time-lapse incubator until ET on day 5. Blastocyst outcome in combination with three previously postulated MKc (cc2: t3-t2, 5-12 h; t3, 35-40 h; t5, 48-56 h) and the morphology of the selected sperm were analyzed. RESULTS A significant increase in the rate of blastocysts (54.0 vs. 36.3 %; P < 0.01) and top blastocysts (25.3 vs. 10.8 %; P < 0.001) was observed in the group of those meeting all three morphokinetic criteria (MKc3). However, MKc3 were only met in 23.3 % of all embryos. Moreover, TBR was influenced by the type of injected spermatozoa. In both groups, TBR decreased dramatically (MKc3, 35.0 vs. 17.0 %; MKc < 3, 14.2 vs. 8.4 %) when class II/III sperm instead of class I were injected. CONCLUSION Early morphokinetic parameters might give some predictive information but fail to serve as a feasible selective tool for the prediction of blastocyst development given the influence of the type of spermatozoa injected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Neyer
- IVF Centers Prof. Zech-Bregenz, Römerstrasse 2, 6900, Bregenz, Austria.
| | - Martin Zintz
- IVF Centers Prof. Zech-Bregenz, Römerstrasse 2, 6900, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Astrid Stecher
- IVF Centers Prof. Zech-Bregenz, Römerstrasse 2, 6900, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Magnus Bach
- IVF Centers Prof. Zech-Bregenz, Römerstrasse 2, 6900, Bregenz, Austria
| | | | - Nicolas H Zech
- IVF Centers Prof. Zech-Bregenz, Römerstrasse 2, 6900, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Pierre Vanderzwalmen
- IVF Centers Prof. Zech-Bregenz, Römerstrasse 2, 6900, Bregenz, Austria
- Centre Hospitalier Interrégional Edith Cavell (CHIREC), Braine-l'Alleud, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Luppi S, Martinelli M, Giacomini E, Giolo E, Zito G, Garcia RC, Ricci G. Comparative proteomic analysis of spermatozoa isolated by swim-up or density gradient centrifugation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:36. [PMID: 25928042 PMCID: PMC4410587 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports about the morphologic and functional characteristics of spermatozoa prepared by density gradient centrifugation (DC) or swim-up (SU) have produced discordant results. We have performed a proteomic comparison of cells prepared by DC and SU providing a molecular insight into the differences between these two methods of sperm cell isolation. METHODS Protein maps were obtained by 2-dimensional (2-D) separations consisting of isoelectrofocusing (IEF) from pI 3 to 11 followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 2-D gels were stained with Sypro Ruby. Map images of DC and SU spermatozoa were compared using dedicated software. Intensities of a given spot were considered different between DC and SU when their group mean differed by >1.5-fold (p<0.05, Anova). RESULTS No differences were observed for 853 spots, indicating a 98.7% similarity between DC and SU. Five spots were DC>SU and 1 was SU>DC. Proteins present in 3 of the differential spots could be identified. One DC>SU spot contained lactate dehydrogenase C and gamma-glutamylhydrolase, a second DC>SU spot contained fumarate hydratase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-2, and a SU>DC spot contained pyruvate kinase M1/M2. CONCLUSIONS The differences in protein levels found on comparison of DC with SU spermatozoa indicate possible dissimilarities in their glycolytic metabolism and DNA methylation and suggest that DC cells may have a better capacitation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Luppi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Monica Martinelli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Elisa Giacomini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Elena Giolo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Zito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Rodolfo C Garcia
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (I.C.G.E.B.), Area Science Park, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
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12
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Saragusty J, Prieto MT, Courtiol A, Potier R, Göritz F, Hildebrandt TB, Hermes R. Sperm rescue in wild African elephants. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD14378. [PMID: 25763993 DOI: 10.1071/rd14378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated ways of improving the usefulness of ~1700mL of poor-quality frozen semen collected from wild African elephant (Loxodonta africana) bulls. Ten semen samples from six bulls, frozen with 5% glycerol in Berliner cryomedium, with or without prior removal of the seminal plasma by centrifugation, were tested. All samples were subjected to the following density-gradient centrifugation treatments: no centrifugation (control), sham centrifugation, Percoll, OptiPrep, Isolate and PureSperm. Sample evaluation included motility, concentration, viability, acrosome integrity and normal morphology after thawing and after gradient centrifugation. Motility was also evaluated 3h after thawing. While all treatments were similar to the Control in acrosome integrity and normal morphology, significant differences were noted in concentration, viability and motility. Samples treated by Percoll showed the best motility, which was maintained unchanged over 3h of incubation (37°C). Correlations between manual and automated evaluations of concentration were high (cytometer; rho=0.92), but were lower for viability (cytometer; rho=0.57) and motility (computer-aided sperm analysis; rho=0.66). By performing density centrifugation, the quality of these sperm samples may be improved to a level suitable for artificial insemination in elephants. Although a sizeable proportion of cells are lost in the process, combining samples may still allow for multiple inseminations.
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13
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Wang J, He Q, Yan X, Cai Y, Chen J. Effect of exogenous nitric oxide on sperm motility in vitro. Biol Res 2014; 47:44. [PMID: 25299622 PMCID: PMC4180836 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be important in sperm function, and the concentration of NO appears to determine these effects. Studies have demonstrated both positive and negative effects of NO on sperm function, but have not been able to provide a clear link between NO concentration and the extent of exposure to NO. To study the relationship between nitric oxide and sperm capacitation in vitro, and to provide a theoretical basis for the use of NO-related preparations in improving sperm motility for in vitro fertilization, we investigated the effects of NO concentration and time duration at these concentrations on in vitro sperm capacitation in both normal and abnormal sperm groups. We manipulated NO concentrations and the time duration of these concentrations using sodium nitroprusside (an NO donor) and NG-monomethyl-L-argenine (an NO synthase inhibitor). RESULTS Compared to the normal sperm group, the abnormal sperm group had a longer basal time to reach the appropriate concentration of NO (p < 0.001), and the duration of time at this concentration was longer for the abnormal sperm group (p < 0.001). Both the basal time and the duration of time were significantly correlated with sperm viability and percentage of progressive sperm (p < 0.001). The experimental group had a significantly higher percentage of progressive sperm than the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that there is a certain regularity to both NO concentration and its duration of time in regards to sperm capacitation, and that an adequate duration of time at the appropriate NO concentration is beneficial to sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Wang
- Departments of Urology, Affiliated Hospital, Shandong Medical college, Linyi, Shandong, China.
| | - Qingliu He
- Departments of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Xingyu Yan
- Departments of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Youmei Cai
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Junyi Chen
- Departments of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
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Setti AS, Braga DPDAF, Vingris L, Serzedello T, Figueira RDCS, Iaconelli A, Borges E. Sperm morphological abnormalities visualised at high magnification predict embryonic development, from fertilisation to the blastocyst stage, in couples undergoing ICSI. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:1533-9. [PMID: 25186503 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the predictive value of the motile sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME) on embryo morphology. METHODS The morphologies of 540 embryos obtained from 60 couples undergoing ICSI were evaluated from days 1 to 5 of development and were examined for associations with the percentages of morphologically normal paternal sperm and of the paternal sperm with large nuclear vacuoles (LNVs) as determined by MSOME. RESULTS An increased percentage of LNV sperm was associated with increased odds of a zygote presenting with pronuclear abnormalities. It was also associated with decreased odds of (i) normal cleavage on days 2 and 3 of development, (ii) the presence of a high-quality embryo on day 3, (iii) the development of an embryo to the blastocyst stage, and (iv) an embryo possessing a normal trophectoderm and inner cell mass. The calculated areas under the curves differed for the embryos that did and did not develop to the blastocyst stage and for the high- and low-quality blastocysts. The optimal cut-off value for the percentage of LNV sperm that maximised proper blastocyst formation was ≤24.5 %, and the cut-off value that maximised blastocyst quality was ≤19.5 %. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a very early onset of paternal influences on embryo development. The evaluation of the incidence of vacuoles by MSOME may significantly improve upon the prognostic information provided by conventional semen analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Souza Setti
- Fertility - Centro de Fertilização Assistida, Av. Brigadeiro Luis Antonio, 4545, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 01401-002
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15
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Stecher A, Vanderzwalmen P, Zintz M, Wirleitner B, Schuff M, Spitzer D, Zech NH. Transfer of blastocysts with deviant morphological and morphokinetic parameters at early stages of in-vitro development: a case series. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 28:424-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Sperm vacuoles negatively affect outcomes in intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection in terms of pregnancy, implantation, and live-birth rates. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:379-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Wogatzky J, Wirleitner B, Stecher A, Vanderzwalmen P, Neyer A, Spitzer D, Schuff M, Schechinger B, Zech NH. The combination matters--distinct impact of lifestyle factors on sperm quality: a study on semen analysis of 1683 patients according to MSOME criteria. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:115. [PMID: 23265183 PMCID: PMC3575231 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sperm quality can negatively affect embryonic development and IVF outcome. This study is aimed at investigating the influence of various lifestyle factors on semen quality according to MSOME (motile sperm organelle morphology examination) criteria. METHODS 1683 male patients undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in our clinic were surveyed about their age, BMI (body mass index), ejaculation frequency, nutrition, sports, sleeping habits and social behavior. Semen samples were collected and evaluation of semen parameters according to MSOME and WHO criteria was performed. Results were grouped and statistically analyzed. RESULTS Although single parameters had minor effects on sperm parameter, the combination of age, BMI, coffee intake, ejaculatory frequency and duration of sexual abstinence were identified as factors having a negative effect on sperm motility. Additionally, we could demonstrate that MSOME quality was reduced. The negative impact of age, BMI and coffee intake on sperm quality could be compensated if patients had a high ejaculation frequency and shorter periods of sexual abstinence. CONCLUSIONS Combinations of adverse lifestyle factors could have a detrimental impact on sperm, not only in terms of motility and sperm count but also in terms of sperm head vacuolization. This negative impact was shown to be compensated by higher ejaculation frequency and a shorter period of sexual abstinence. The compensation is most likely due to a shorter storage time in the male gonads, thus reducing the duration of sperms' exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wogatzky
- IVF Centers Prof Zech-Bregenz, Roemerstrasse 2, Bregenz, 6900, Austria
| | | | - Astrid Stecher
- IVF Centers Prof Zech-Bregenz, Roemerstrasse 2, Bregenz, 6900, Austria
| | - Pierre Vanderzwalmen
- IVF Centers Prof Zech-Bregenz, Roemerstrasse 2, Bregenz, 6900, Austria
- Centre Hospitalier Inter Régional Cavell (CHIREC), 1420 Braine-l‘alleud, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anton Neyer
- IVF Centers Prof Zech-Bregenz, Roemerstrasse 2, Bregenz, 6900, Austria
| | - Dietmar Spitzer
- IVF Centers Prof Zech-Salzburg, Innsbrucker Bundesstr. 35, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Maximilian Schuff
- IVF Centers Prof Zech-Bregenz, Roemerstrasse 2, Bregenz, 6900, Austria
| | | | - Nicolas H Zech
- IVF Centers Prof Zech-Bregenz, Roemerstrasse 2, Bregenz, 6900, Austria
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18
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Sauer R, Coulam CB, Jeyendran RS. Chromatin intact human sperm recovery is higher following glass wool column filtration as compared with density gradient centrifugation. Andrologia 2011; 44 Suppl 1:248-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Oehninger S. Clinical management of male infertility in assisted reproduction: ICSI and beyond. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:e319-29. [PMID: 21651569 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The advent of in vitro fertilization and its augmentation with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has allowed a large number of couples suffering from moderate to severe male infertility, and also presenting with female pathologies, to achieve their reproductive dreams. Notwithstanding the existence of fundamental questions about the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to sperm dysfunction, and still unanswered concerns about health risks following ICSI, it appears that overall ICSI is safe and here to stay. Although on one hand ICSI possibly hampered advances of the knowledge in some areas of gamete biology and interaction, on the other it definitely gave impulse to studies designed to unveil the sperm contributions during and beyond fertilization, including the normalcy of the DNA/chromatin as well as molecular mechanisms of genetic/epigenetic control and nuclear organization status. In all, almost entering the fourth decade of assisted reproductive technologies, we should continue monitoring the safety of the technique and long-term development of offspring, whereas at the same time prioritizing areas of research addressing these fundamental questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oehninger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
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20
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Nadalini M, Tarozzi N, Distratis V, Scaravelli G, Borini A. Impact of intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection on assisted reproduction outcome: a review. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 19 Suppl 3:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Vanderzwalmen P, Hiemer A, Rubner P, Bach M, Neyer A, Stecher A, Uher P, Zintz M, Lejeune B, Vanderzwalmen S, Cassuto G, Zech NH. Blastocyst development after sperm selection at high magnification is associated with size and number of nuclear vacuoles. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 17:617-27. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Boomsma CM, Heineman MJ, Cohlen BJ, Farquhar C. Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007:CD004507. [PMID: 17943816 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004507.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semen preparation techniques for assisted reproduction, including intrauterine insemination (IUI), were developed to separate the motile morphological normal spermatozoa. Leucocytes, bacteria and dead spermatozoa produce oxygen radicals that negatively influence the ability to fertilize the egg. The yield of as many motile, morphologically normal spermatozoa as possible might influence treatment choices and therefore outcomes. OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of gradient, swim-up, or wash and centrifugation semen preparation techniques on clinical outcome in subfertile couples undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI). SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Trials Register (13 January 2007), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1966 to January 2007 ), EMBASE (1980 to January 2007), Science Direct Database (1966 to January 2007), National Research Register (2000 to 2007), Biological Abstracts (2000 to January 2007), CINAHL (1982 to October 2006) and reference lists of relevant articles. We also contacted experts and authors in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Parallel randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of semen preparation techniques used for subfertile couples undergoing IUI in terms of clinical outcome were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewer authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information. MAIN RESULTS Five RCTs, including 262 couples in total, were included in the meta-analysis (Dodson 1998; Grigoriou 2005; Posada 2005; Soliman 2005; Xu 2000). Xu compared the three techniques; Soliman compared a gradient technique versus a wash technique; Dodson and Posada compared a gradient technique versus a swim-up technique; whereas Grigoriou compared swim-up versus a wash technique. No trials reported the primary outcome of live birth. There was no evidence of a difference between pregnancy rates (PR) for swim-up versus a gradient or wash and centrifugation technique (Peto OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.74 to 3.32; Peto OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.15 to 1.10, respectively); nor in the two studies comparing a gradient technique versus wash and centrifugation (Peto OR 1.76, 95% CI 0.57 to 5.44). There was no evidence of a difference in the miscarriage rate (MR) in two studies comparing swim-up versus a gradient technique (Peto OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.01 to 1.33). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to recommend any specific preparation technique. Large high quality randomised controlled trials, comparing the effectiveness of a gradient and/ or a swim-up and/ or wash and centrifugation technique on clinical outcome are lacking. Further randomised trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Boomsma
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Perinatology and Gynaecology, Jan van Scorelstraat 157, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3583 CN.
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23
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Borini A, Tarozzi N, Bizzaro D, Bonu MA, Fava L, Flamigni C, Coticchio G. Sperm DNA fragmentation: paternal effect on early post-implantation embryo development in ART. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:2876-81. [PMID: 16793992 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between early embryo post-implantation development in couples undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) and sperm chromatin alterations has not been satisfactorily explained. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation in IVF/ICSI patients, sperm parameters (concentration, motility and morphology) and ART outcome, especially with regard to clinical pregnancy and pregnancy loss (spontaneous miscarriage or biochemical pregnancy). METHODS DNA fragmentation was evaluated by TUNEL assay, performed on sperm suspensions after density gradient separation, in 132 men undergoing an ART cycle (82 IVF and 50 ICSI) and correlated with sperm parameters and ART outcome. RESULTS A highly significant negative correlation was found between DNA fragmentation and sperm parameters. There was a close relationship between DNA fragmentation and post-implantation development in ICSI patients: the clinical pregnancy and pregnancy loss rates significantly differed between patients with high and low sperm DNA fragmentation (P = 0.007 and P = 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Sperm DNA fragmentation seems to affect embryo post-implantation development in ICSI procedures: high sperm DNA fragmentation can compromise 'embryo viability', resulting in pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Borini
- Tecnobios Procreazione, Centre for Reproductive Health, Via Dante 15, Bologna, Italy.
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24
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Hazout A, Dumont-Hassan M, Junca AM, Cohen Bacrie P, Tesarik J. High-magnification ICSI overcomes paternal effect resistant to conventional ICSI. Reprod Biomed Online 2006; 12:19-25. [PMID: 16454928 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that repeated intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) failures can be caused by a paternal effect. Other studies have suggested that ICSI results are compromised if morphologically abnormal spermatozoa are injected into oocytes. This study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of a high-magnification optical system to select spermatozoa to be used for ICSI (high-magnification ICSI) in couples with repeated conventional ICSI failures. Couples with two or more previous conventional ICSI failures underwent an additional conventional ICSI attempt, followed by a high-magnification ICSI attempt. The outcomes of the two sequential attempts were compared. In 72 of these patients, sperm DNA integrity was assessed. In the whole group of 125 couples with repeated ICSI failures, high-magnification ICSI improved clinical outcomes (pregnancy, implantation, delivery and birth rates) without affecting biological outcomes (fertilization and cleavage rates, embryo morphology). The improvement of clinical ICSI outcomes was evident both in patients with an elevated degree of sperm DNA fragmentation and in those with normal sperm DNA status. It is concluded that high-magnification ICSI improves clinical outcomes in couples with previous repeated conventional ICSI failures.
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25
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Payne JF, Raburn DJ, Couchman GM, Price TM, Jamison MG, Walmer DK. Redefining the relationship between sperm deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation as measured by the sperm chromatin structure assay and outcomes of assisted reproductive techniques. Fertil Steril 2005; 84:356-64. [PMID: 16084876 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2004] [Revised: 02/09/2005] [Accepted: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that couples with sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) DNA fragmentation index (DFI) values >27% would not achieve pregnancy with assisted reproductive techniques (ART) and to investigate how DFI and high DNA stainability (HDS), as measured by the SCSA, affect fertilization, cleavage, implantation, and pregnancy rates in IVF cycles. DESIGN Prospective clinical study. SETTING Academic human reproduction laboratory. PATIENT(S) One hundred couples undergoing IVF with conventional insemination or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. INTERVENTION(S) Testing with SCSA was performed by SCSA Diagnostics (Brookings, South Dakota) on a semen aliquot taken from ejaculate used for ART. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Relating total DFI and HDS to conventional semen parameters and cycle-specific outcomes after ART. RESULT(S) Nine of nineteen couples achieved clinical pregnancy when DFI was > or =27%, and 2 of 22 couples achieved clinical pregnancy when DFI was < or =9%. One of nine couples achieved clinical pregnancy with HDS >17%. The DFI was negatively correlated with sperm density (r = -0.23, P<.03) and motility (r = -0.55, P<.00), and HDS was negatively correlated with sperm density (r = -0.37, P<.00). CONCLUSION(S) Sperm chromatin structure assay failed to identify elevated DFI thresholds for negative pregnancy outcome after ART. Patients with low DFI (< or =9%) were least likely to become pregnant, which is also contradictory to SCSA marketing, which states that DFIs of < or =15% have excellent fertility potential. Patients with HDS > or =17% had low pregnancy rates, indicating decreased fertility potential, which deserves further investigation. Larger studies are necessary to confirm that low DFI is associated with decreased fertility and, if proved, might redefine the use of the SCSA in evaluating infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Payne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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26
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Hovav Y, Sibirsky O, Pollack RN, Kafka I, Elgavish G, Yaffe H. Comparison between the first and the second electroejaculate qualities obtained from neurologically intact men suffering from anejaculation. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:2620-2. [PMID: 15905284 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroejaculation is an artificial method used to procure semen from neurologically intact men suffering from anejaculation that have failed other treatments. In order to establish the consistency of semen parameters in repeated electroejaculations, we compared retrospectively the quality of the first and the second electroejaculates of anejaculatory men who were not suffering from any known neurological problems. METHODS Between 1995 and 2004, 59 neurologically intact men suffering from anejaculation underwent multiple electroejaculations. Sperm quality of the first and the second ejaculates was compared. RESULTS A significant difference of 0.33 +/- 0.16 ml in the volume of the antegrade portion was found (P = 0.023). The results showed no significant difference in the concentration, motility, count and total motile count of the antegrade ejaculates. In retrograde ejaculates there were no significant differences in the count, motility and total motile count. Neither was there any difference in the total count and the total motile count of both fractions. CONCLUSIONS Electroejaculation is a reliable method for semen procurement in men suffering from anejaculation. Since semen parameters are consistent, repeated procedures are not justified for improving the sperm quality in anejaculatory, neurologically intact men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedidya Hovav
- Male Fertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gnecology, Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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27
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Ulug U, Ben-Shlomo I, Tosun S, Erden HF, Akman MA, Bahceci M. The reproductive performance of women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program. J Assist Reprod Genet 2005; 22:167-71. [PMID: 16021861 PMCID: PMC3455285 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-005-4914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2004] [Accepted: 12/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the outcome of women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS We retrospectively assessed outcomes in 58 women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) and, as matched controls, in 116 women with tubal factor (TF) infertility who underwent assisted reproduction treatment (ART). For ovulation induction, human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) was used in HH patients and a combination of hMG and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist was used in TF patients. Conception and implantation rates, as well as duration of stimulation and number of oocytes retrieved, were the main outcome measures. RESULTS Of the 58 HH patients, 53 (91.3%) responded adequately to ovulation induction and underwent ET. A larger amount of gonadotropins and a longer duration of ovarian stimulation were needed in HH patients than in TF patients. The mean number of retrieved oocytes and implantation rates did not differ between the groups. In addition, there were no differences between the HH and TF groups in pregnancy (53.8 vs. 48.6%) and multiple pregnancy (63.4 vs. 48.4%) rates. In the HH group, the miscarriage rate was 3.4%, and none of these patients developed severe OHSS. CONCLUSION IVF in HH patients, in which there was a background of previous failed ovulation induction, was as successful as in women with TF infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulun Ulug
- Bahceci Women Health Care Center and German Hospital at Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Izhar Ben-Shlomo
- Division for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Room S383 Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Süleyman Tosun
- Bahceci Women Health Care Center and German Hospital at Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halit Firat Erden
- Bahceci Women Health Care Center and German Hospital at Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Akman
- Bahceci Women Health Care Center and German Hospital at Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bahceci
- Bahceci Women Health Care Center and German Hospital at Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
- Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Azer Is Merkezi 44/17 Kat 6, Abdi İpekci Cad. Nisantasi 80200, Istanbul, Turkey
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28
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Abstract
Cell divisions in the human preimplantation embryo can be compromised by deficiencies in sperm nuclear genome or sperm-derived developmentally relevant cytoplasmic factors, oocyte activating substance and centriole. Sperm nuclear deficiencies are usually not detected before the 8-cell stage of embryo development, when a major expression of sperm-derived genes has begun. Sperm cytoplasmic deficiencies can be detected as early as the 1-cell zygote and then throughout the preimplantation development. The terms 'late paternal effect' and 'early paternal effect' have been suggested to denote these two pathological conditions. The late paternal effect is associated with an increased incidence of sperm DNA fragmentation. No association with sperm DNA damage has been found for the early paternal effect. The diagnosis of the late paternal effect is thus based on the examination of sperm DNA integrity, which should be performed in cases of repeated assisted reproduction failure even if morphologically normal embryos result from fertilization with the patient's spermatozoa. The only element leading to the diagnosis of the early paternal effect is poor zygote and embryo morphology and low cleavage speed. The absence of increased sperm DNA damage does not exclude the presence of this pathology. ICSI with testicular spermatozoa has recently been shown to be an efficient treatment for the late paternal effect. The use of oral antioxidant treatment in this indication has also given promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tesarik
- MAR&Gen, Molecular Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, Gracia 36, 18002 Granada, Spain, Laboratoire d'Eylau, 55 rue Saint Didier, 75116 Paris, France.
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Chantler E, Abraham-Peskir J, Roberts C. Consistent presence of two normally distributed sperm subpopulations within normozoospermic human semen: a kinematic study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 27:350-9. [PMID: 15595954 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2004.00498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sperm motion analysis was performed using computer-aided semen analysis (CASA) on nine normozoospermic human ejaculates following six fractionation schemes that included Percoll discontinuous gradient centrifugation, swim-up, hyper and hypo-osmotic stress in which 4600-13 400 tracks were analysed (depending on the scheme). In addition, the effect of ageing for 2 h in seminal plasma or re-addition of seminal plasma, on the kinematic properties was investigated. Analysis following sorting of the swimming velocity at 5 microm/sec intervals revealed the presence of two discrete normally distributed subpopulations selected on the basis of path velocity (VAP): these subpopulations were also present in the track speed (VCL) and progressive velocity (VSL) distributions. The validity of the two subpopulations was examined using a two-component normal mixture model and found to be highly statistically significant (p < 0.00001). The basis for the subpopulations was independent from the possession of midpiece vesicles or hyperactivation. Swim-up produced subpopulations of sperm that were significantly different from those obtained by Percoll separation. Compared with sperm in seminal plasma, swim-up and Percoll separation significantly increased the level of hyperactivated sperm at 2 h. Hyperactivation was inhibited by the re-addition of seminal plasma. Swim-up enhanced the proportion of sperm in the fast VAP subpopulation (independently of the level of hyperactivation) and whilst this altered distribution was maintained following the addition of homologous seminal plasma the mean velocity of the fast fraction was significantly decreased. Both swim-up and Percoll separation significantly increased the mean velocity of the fast subpopulation but the increase was greater with swim-up. This analysis highlights a way in which subpopulations may be detected and analysed. The procedure revealed fundamental differences in the kinematic properties of sperm processed by different methods that are used in assisted reproductive technology and showed that these were independent of hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chantler
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Reproductive Healthcare, University of Manchester, Research floor, Hathersage Road, Manchester M13 0JH, UK.
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30
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Boomsma CM, Heineman MJ, Cohlen BJ, Farquhar C. Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004:CD004507. [PMID: 15266536 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004507.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semen preparation techniques for assisted reproduction, including intrauterine insemination (IUI), were developed to separate the motile morphological normal spermatozoa. Leucocytes, bacteria and dead spermatozoa produce oxygen radicals that negatively influence the ability to fertilize the egg. The yield of as many motile, morphologically normal spermatozoa might influence treatment choices and therefore outcomes. OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of gradient, swim-up, or wash and centrifugation in subfertile couples undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI) on clinical outcome as well as on semen parameters. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group's trials register (30 June 2003), MEDLINE (1966 to July 2003), EMBASE (1980 to July 2003), Science Direct Database (1966 to July 2003), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2003), National Research Register (2000 to Issue 2, 2003), Biological Abstracts (2000 to June 2003), CINAHL (1982 to July 2003) and reference lists of relevant articles. We also contacted experts and authors in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Parallel randomised controlled trials (RCTs), comparing the efficacy of semen preparation techniques used for subfertile couples undergoing IUI, were included. RCTs or split sample studies examining semen parameters after different semen preparation techniques were also included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information. MAIN RESULTS Two randomised controlled trials comparing clinical outcomes, including 81 participants in total, were included in the meta-analysis (Dodson 1998-I/ II; Xu 2000-I/ II). Both studies compared swim-up technique versus gradient technique in 65 subfertile couples undergoing IUI. One study compared the effectiveness of both techniques with wash technique. No trials reported the primary outcome of live birth. There was no statistically significant difference between pregnancy rates (PR) for swim-up versus gradient / wash centrifuge (Peto OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.76; Peto OR 1.74, 95% CI 0.2 to 14.9; PR/ couple swim-up 20%, gradient 40%, wash 12.5%) or gradient versus wash centrifuge (Peto OR 4.01, 95% CI 0.82 to 19.56; PR/ couple swim-up 15%, gradient 20%). There was no significant difference in the miscarriage rate (MR) per couple between either of the three treatment groups in the one trial reporting this outcome (MR/ couple swim-up 0%, gradient 10.3%, wash 0%. MR/ pregnancy gradient 30.3%). There was no statistically significant difference in the multiple pregnancy rate (MPR) per couple between either of the three treatment groups in Dodson 1998-I/ II (MPR/ couple swim -up 0%, gradient 0%, wash 6.3%). One triplet pregnancy was recorded. Fifteen studies comparing semen parameters after processing were included. Two studies were included in the meta-analysis, we were not able to pool results. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to recommend any specific preparation technique. Large high quality randomised controlled trials, comparing the effectiveness of a gradient and/ or a swim-up and/ or wash and centrifugation technique on clinical outcome are lacking. Further randomised trials are warranted. Results from studies comparing semen parameters may suggest a preference for gradient technique, but firm conclusions cannot be drawn and the limitations should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Boomsma
- Medical Science, Rijks Universiteit Groningen, Gezellelaan 2, Groningen, Netherlands, 9721 WK.
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31
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Schuster TG, Cho B, Keller LM, Takayama S, Smith GD. Isolation of motile spermatozoa from semen samples using microfluidics. Reprod Biomed Online 2003; 7:75-81. [PMID: 12930579 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic device was designed with two parallel laminar flow channels where non-motile spermatozoa and debris would flow along their initial streamlines and exit one outlet, whereas motile spermatozoa had an opportunity to swim into a parallel stream and exit a separate outlet. Motile sperm samples were prepared with density gradient separation (n = 5). Sperm motility was assessed the following day after exposing aliquots to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) used to construct the device. There was no difference in sperm motility when compared with unexposed aliquots (P > 0.05). Unprocessed semen samples (n = 10) were placed in wider channels and sperm motility and strict morphology were assessed from sorted outlets. Sperm motility increased from 44 +/- 4.5% to 98 +/- 0.4% (P < 0.05) and morphology increased from 10 +/- 1.05% to 22 +/- 3.3% (P < 0.05) following processing. Finally, density gradient prepared samples (n = 6) containing 5 x 10(6) motile spermatozoa/ml and 50 x 10(6) round immature germ cells/ml were sorted and assessed in a similar fashion. The ratio of motile spermatozoa to round immature germ cells in the wide inlet (1:10) was significantly improved in the thin outlet (33:1) (P < 0.05). This microfluidic device provides a novel method for isolating motile, morphologically normal spermatozoa from semen samples without centrifugation. This technology may prove useful in isolating motile spermatozoa from oligozoospermic samples, even with high amounts of non-motile gamete and/or non-gamete cell contamination. A movie sequence showing streaming and sorting of spermatozoa may be purchased for viewing on the internet at www.rbmonline.com/Article/847 (free to web subscribers).
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32
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Causio F, Fischetto R, Sarcina E, Geusa S, Tartagni M. Chromosome analysis of spontaneous abortions after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2002; 105:44-8. [PMID: 12270564 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-2115(02)00151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify the hypothesis that the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities significantly increases in the products of conception of males with sub-fertility, treated with assisted reproduction techniques (ART). STUDY DESIGN All removed products of conception tissues were analyzed with standard cytogenetic techniques. A karyotype of the abortions was possible in 35 cases of IVF and 29 of ICSI. RESULTS 15/35 (43%) IVF abortions and 14/29 (48%) ICSI abortions, respectively, have shown a chromosomal abnormality. The most frequent abnormality was monosomy X (45,X0). CONCLUSION No significant difference in the incidence of embryonic anomalies was found between IVF and ICSI group. However, both IVF and ICSI allow pre-implantation diagnosis and embryo chromosomal evaluation should be considered, before transfer. Genetic counselling and consideration of prenatal diagnosis is suggested as integral part of planning of treatment strategies for 'at risk couples'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Causio
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, Bari, Italy
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33
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Hammadeh ME, Kühnen A, Amer AS, Rosenbaum P, Schmidt W. Comparison of sperm preparation methods: effect on chromatin and morphology recovery rates and their consequences on the clinical outcome after in vitro fertilization embryo transfer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY 2001; 24:360-8. [PMID: 11737417 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2605.2001.0317a.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of swim-up, PureSperm gradient centrifugation and glass-wool filtration methods for semen preparation and to assess the possible enhancement of the quality of the subpopulation of spermatozoa in terms of sperm concentration, morphology and chromatin condensation. Moreover, to determine the effect of this semen processing technique on the clinical outcome after in vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET). A total of 180 semen samples of patients' husbands who were undergoing IVF therapy were prepared by swim-up (G1, n = 60), PureSperm gradient centrifugation (G2, n=60) or glass-wool (G3, n=60) methods. Chromatin condensation was assessed by Chromomycin (CMA3), whereas sperm morphology was evaluated according to strict criteria. In all three semen processing methods, the percentage of chromatin condensed and morphologically normal spermatozoa was higher after semen processing in comparison with native semen samples. The proportion of normal chromatin condensed spermatozoa prepared in glass-wool filtration was significantly higher than that in swim-up (G.I, p=0.02) or PureSperm (G.II, p=0.001). In addition semen processing with PureSperm yields significantly a higher percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa than swim-up (p < 0.001) or glass-wool method (p < 0.002). However, the fertilization, implantation and pregnancy rates, in turn were similar in all semen preparation methods. In conclusion, PureSperm gradient centrifugation yields a higher percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa than shown in traditional swim-up or glass-wool filtration. However, the percentage of chromatin condensed spermatozoa was significantly higher after semen processing via glass-wool in comparison with the other two methods. Nevertheless, there were no significant difference in the fertilization, implantation and pregnancy rates of sperm prepared by means of swim-up, PureSperm or glass-wool filtration. Therefore, glass-wool filtration should be recommended as the first choice for semen preparation for Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique as the natural selection is bypassed. Whereas, swim-up and PureSperm should be used for semen processing in IVF programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Hammadeh
- IVF-Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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34
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Schoysman R, Van Roosendaal E, Bollen N, Vandervorst M, Vanderzwalmen P, Standaert V, Berting G, Debauche C, Lefere C. Modern sperm retrieval techniques and their usefulness in oocyte fertilization. BJU Int 2001; 88:141-6. [PMID: 11446872 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Schoysman
- Schoysman Infertility Management Foundation, Brussels, Belgium
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35
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Adiga SK, Kumar P. Influence of swim-up method on the recovery of spermatozoa from different types of semen samples. J Assist Reprod Genet 2001; 18:160-4. [PMID: 11411432 PMCID: PMC3455597 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009464121194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effectiveness of swim-up method, using different types of semen samples. METHODS In this retrospective study undertaken in university medical college infertility centre, subfertile couples undergoing Intra Uterine Insemination were selected. A total of 600 semen samples used for the preparation of sperm samples using swim-up method were analyzed. Relative Yield was calculated from the sperm count and motility before and after swim up from each semen sample in six different groups. RESULT(S) Statistically significant increase in relative yield was found in oligospermic samples (20.41) followed by teratospermia (16.98). However, relative yield was low in asthenospermic (11.97) and normal (> 60 million/ml) samples (11.66). CONCLUSION(S) Semen samples with good sperm count resulted in poor recovery after swim up. Swim-up method appears to be effective for oligospermic samples. Modifications like multiple tube swim up, using appropriate incubation time based on the initial semen parameter, will enhance the sperm yield after swim up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Adiga
- Manipal Assisted Reproduction Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, 576 119 India
| | - Pratap Kumar
- Manipal Assisted Reproduction Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, 576 119 India
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36
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Stanic P, Tandara M, Sonicki Z, Simunic V, Radakovic B, Suchanek E. Comparison of protective media and freezing techniques for cryopreservation of human semen. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2000; 91:65-70. [PMID: 10817881 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-2115(99)00255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of cryopreservation medium and freezing-thawing techniques on human sperm motility and morphology. STUDY DESIGN 63 semen samples were obtained from 39 donors to the artificial insemination programme. Possible effects of the sperm dilution with cryomedium on the motility were examined 10 min after exposure of 24 high initial quality semen samples to TEST-yolk ¿zwitterion-citrate-egg yolk extender containing TES [N-Tris (hydroxymethyl) methylaminoethane sulfonic acid] and Tris [(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane]¿ and human sperm preservation medium (HSPM). Post-thaw sperm motility from 24 frozen semen samples was examined comparing the cryoprotective efficacy of TEST-yolk and HSPM following different freezing techniques (vapour freezing, fast programmable freezing and slow programmable freezing). The relationship of sperm morphology to the effects of freezing was investigated on 39 semen samples following different freezing techniques. Post-thaw sperm motility from 39 frozen semen samples was compared among three groups divided according to the percentage of morphologically normal cells (<40, 40-50 and >50%) in fresh semen. RESULTS Exposure of spermatozoa to cryomedia for 10 min at room temperature significantly reduced motility in TEST-yolk treatment group for 9% and in HSPM treatment group for 18% (P<0.01). The recovery of motile sperms (mean+/-standard deviation) was 49+/-15.7, 43+/-15.2 and 52+/-16.8% when TEST-yolk was used and 34+/-17.8, 32+/-18.2 and 50+/-13.6% when HSPM was used as a cryopreservative following vapour freezing, and fast and slow programmable freezing, respectively. Following vapour freezing and also following fast programmable freezing, the recovery of motile sperm was significantly higher (P<0.05) after addition of TEST-yolk medium than after addition of HSPM. Post-thaw motility of the sperm cryopreserved in HSPM showed significant differences (P<0.05) after three different freezing techniques. The recovery of motile sperms was 57+/-26.4, 38+/-8.6 and 38+/-17.3% in groups with >50, 40-50 and <40% morphologically normal cells, respectively. The percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa was reduced 8% after vapour freezing and 6 and 3% after fast and slow programmable freezing, respectively. The results were statistically analysed using SAS/STAT software. CONCLUSIONS Slow programmable freezing was superior to vapour freezing and fast programmable freezing as a method for sperm cryopreservation. However, none of these methods of freezing had discernible effects on sperm morphology. Motility of spermatozoa decreased due to the exposure of semen to cryomedium. TEST-yolk was a superior cryomedium to HSPM. Fresh semen with more than 50% of morphologically normal cells showed the best recovery of motile cells after freezing and thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stanic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Petrova 13, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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37
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Balaban B, Urman B, Isiklar A, Alatas C, Aksoy S, Mercan R, Nuhoglu A. Progression to the blastocyst stage of embryos derived from testicular round spermatids. Hum Reprod 2000; 15:1377-82. [PMID: 10831573 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/15.6.1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression to the blastocyst stage of embryos derived from testicular round spermatids in men with non-obstructive azoospermia was studied. A total of 56 men were studied in whom partial spermatogenesis failure had occurred where only very few spermatozoa (fewer than the number of oocytes retrieved) were extracted from multiple testicular biopsy specimens. Oocytes remaining after intracytoplasmic injection of testicular spermatozoa (group 1) were injected with round spermatids (ROSI, group 2). Only embryos derived from group 1 were transferred. Remaining embryos were observed under culture for 8 days and their progression to the blastocyst stage was recorded. Of the 546 oocytes injected with testicular spermatozoa, 404 (73.9%) showed evidence of 2-pronuclear (2PN) fertilization. Injection of testicular round spermatids resulted in 2PN fertilization rate of 50% (P < 0.05). Using a four-point grading system, 53% of the good quality embryos (grade 1 or 2) in group 1 reached the blastocyst stage compared with 25% in group 2 (P < 0.05). The rate of progression to the blastocyst stage of grade 3 and grade 4 embryos was 46 and 8.5% in the two groups respectively (P < 0.05). Using a different three-point grading system for the blastocysts, 75.3% of the blastocysts in group 1 were either grade 1 or grade 2 and 24.7% were grade 3. However, in group 2 all blastocysts were grade 3. All embryos observed in group 1 reached the blastocyst stage by day 5 or 6 compared with 25% of the embryos reaching the blastocyst stage by this time in group 2. While 31.2% of the blastocysts in group 1 showed evidence of spontaneous hatching in vitro, none of the blastocysts in group 2 hatched. In conclusion, progression to the blastocyst stage occurred at a much lower and slower rate in embryos derived from testicular round spermatids. Furthermore, all blastocysts resulting from ROSI were of poor quality and none showed spontaneous hatching. These results may explain the dismal outcome associated with ROSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Balaban
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, American Hospital of Istanbul, Turkey
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38
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Ollero M, Powers RD, Alvarez JG. Variation of docosahexaenoic acid content in subsets of human spermatozoa at different stages of maturation: implications for sperm lipoperoxidative damage. Mol Reprod Dev 2000; 55:326-34. [PMID: 10657052 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2795(200003)55:3<326::aid-mrd11>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of phospholipid-bound docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to be one of the major factors that limit the motile life span of sperm in vitro. Sperm samples show high cell-to-cell variability in life span and, consequently, in susceptibility toward lipid peroxidation. Therefore, we postulated that there is also cell-to-cell variability in DHA concentration in human spermatozoa. In this study, the concentration of DHA in subsets of human spermatozoa isolated by a discontinuous Percoll density gradient was determined by gas chromatography. Four subsets of human spermatozoa were isolated using a discontinuous Percoll gradient: fraction 1 was enriched in immature germ cells and immature sperm, fractions 2 and 3 contained, mostly, immature sperm with cytoplasmic droplets, and fraction 4 contained, for the most part, morphologically normal sperm, as determined by histochemical analysis. The results indicated that there were significant differences in DHA content in sperm from all 4 fractions. DHA content in sperm from fraction 1 was 2.5-fold higher than that found in fraction 4. DHA content in mouse sperm obtained from the seminiferous tubules was 3-fold higher than that found in mouse sperm obtained from the epididymis, consistent with the findings observed in ejaculated human sperm. The results of this study indicate (i) there is cell-to-cell variability in the concentration of DHA in human sperm and (ii) that there is a net decrease in DHA content in sperm during the process of sperm maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ollero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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39
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Larson KL, Brannian JD, Timm BK, Jost LK, Evenson DP. Density gradient centrifugation and glass wool filtration of semen remove spermatozoa with damaged chromatin structure. Hum Reprod 1999; 14:2015-9. [PMID: 10438419 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/14.8.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of double-layered density gradient centrifugation (DGC) or glass wool filtration (GWF) of semen to remove spermatozoa with damaged chromatin structure was assessed by the flow cytometric sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), which measures the susceptibility to sperm nuclear denaturation in situ. Ejaculates from 26 men attending a university-affiliated assisted reproduction laboratory were processed by DGC and GWF. Unprocessed, DGC- and GWF-processed specimens were assessed by the SCSA and by conventional semen parameters. Changes in chromatin structure were compared with conventional semen parameters. Both sperm preparation techniques yielded sperm suspensions with improved sperm chromatin structure as well as motility (%), forward progression (1-4) and viability (%). DGC was superior to GWF in the efficiency of recovering motile, morphologically normal, mature sperm suspensions. However, GWF produced improved chromatin integrity (SDalpha(t)) and viability. Moderate correlations between SCSA and conventional sperm parameters were observed. Nevertheless, the SCSA provides additional information about the biochemical integrity of sperm DNA and may be used in future studies to provide insight into assisted reproduction technology outcomes not explained by conventional sperm parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Larson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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40
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Almagor M, Dan-Goor M, Hovav Y, Kafka I. Antisperm antibodies in men with psychogenic anejaculation. ARCHIVES OF ANDROLOGY 1998; 41:1-4. [PMID: 9642452 DOI: 10.3109/01485019808988537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Antisperm autoantibodies were determined in 16 men suffering from psychogenic anejaculation who underwent assisted reproduction treatments. Blood and semen samples were collected after transrectal electroejaculation and antisperm antibodies in serum and on the surface of motile spermatozoa were measured using the direct and indirect immunobead binding test. Five men (31%) were found positive for antisperm antibodies. The majority of antibodies were directed against the sperm heads. Surface antibodies were mainly IgA isotype whereas serum antibodies were IgG isotype. These results suggest that psychogenic anejaculation might be associated with increased incidence of antisperm autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Almagor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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41
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Yang JH, Wu MY, Chen CD, Chao KH, Chen SU, Ho HN, Yang YS. Spermatozoa recovered by IxaPrep gradient have improved longevity and better motion characteristics than those by Percoll gradient. ARCHIVES OF ANDROLOGY 1998; 40:237-45. [PMID: 9583361 DOI: 10.3109/01485019808987947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To compare the effectiveness of various sperm preparation methods, we examined sperm concentration, percentage of progressive motility, recovery rate, and various motion characteristics in 32 semen samples after Percoll and IxaPrep preparations. Except for sperm concentration, which was much higher after IxaPrep preparation, no statistical differences existed between these two methods in terms of motile sperm concentration (MSC), recovery rate, mean curvilinear velocity (VCL), mean straight-line velocity (VSL) and mean amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH). Among 22 samples that were allocated in a 37 degrees C, 5% CO2 incubator, the mean MSC after 3 hours was significantly higher following IxaPrep preparation than following Percoll preparation (63.2 x 10(6)/mL vs. 42.8 x 10(6)/mL, p < .03). VCL and VSL were much higher after IxaPrep preparation than after Percoll preparation, both at 3 hours (p < .01) and at 24 hours (p < .03). ALH was also higher after IxaPrep preparation than after Percoll preparation, and it was statistically significant after 3 hours of incubation (p < .03). We conclude that the IxaPrep gradient may be adopted as the preferred method to the Percoll gradient in preparing spermatozoa for assisted reproduction because of the spermatozoa's persistent and better motion activities after incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, and the Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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42
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Gravance CG, Champion ZJ, Sax-Gravance SK, Casey PJ. Percentage of normal sperm heads is significantly increased by Percoll separation of semen. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY 1998; 21:116-9. [PMID: 9675621 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2605.1998.00087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess objectively the effects of Percoll separation on human sperm head morphometry. Semen samples were washed and smears were prepared on slides. An aliquot of each sample was centrifuged on a Percoll gradient and spermatozoa were prepared on slides. Dimensions of sperm heads from each sample were assessed by computer-aided sperm head morphometry analysis and manual sperm morphology was assessed for each sample. The percentage of normal sperm heads and morphometric dimensions from washed and post-Percoll separated samples were compared across all men by a paired t-test. Correlations between normal sperm head morphometry and manual sperm morphology were assessed in washed and Percoll-separated samples. The percentage of normal sperm head morphometry was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in Percoll-separated samples than in washed samples (23.6 vs. 12.6%). No differences (p > 0.1) in mean sperm head measurements were detected between washed samples and Percoll-separated samples. Coefficients of variation for mean sperm head measurements were significantly lower in Percoll-separated samples. No correlation (p > 0.1) in percentage normal was found between computer-assisted sperm head morphometry and manual morphology for washed and post-Percoll samples. These results indicate that percentage normal sperm head morphometry is increased by Percoll separation. While sperm head dimensions were unchanged, sample variability was decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Gravance
- School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Prakash P, Leykin L, Chen Z, Toth T, Sayegh R, Schiff I, Isaacson K. Preparation by differential gradient centrifugation is better than swim-up in selecting sperm with normal morphology (strict criteria). Fertil Steril 1998; 69:722-6. [PMID: 9548164 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(98)00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate two commonly used methods of sperm preparation with respect to their effects on sperm morphology (strict criteria). DESIGN Auto-controlled, split sample study performed on the semen of 74 male partners of couples enrolled for IVF. SETTING In vitro fertilization and andrology laboratories at a tertiary care, major teaching hospital. PATIENT(S) Seventy-four male partners of couples who were scheduled to undergo IVF. INTERVENTION(S) Equal halves of the same semen sample were evaluated for strict criteria sperm morphology before and after preparation by differential gradient centrifugation using Percoll (Pacific Andrology, Montrose, CA) and by the standard swim-up method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The percentage of morphologically normal sperm was assessed using strict criteria before and after the two methods of sperm preparation. Specific parameters studied were individual abnormalities of the head, midpiece, and tail. RESULT(S) Sperm preparation using differential gradient centrifugation with Percoll produced a significantly greater number of specimens with normal sperm morphology and also showed higher absolute quantitative improvement over the swim-up method. The two methods were comparable in regard to their effects on specific sperm abnormalities (i.e., head, midpiece, and tail defects). CONCLUSION(S) The differential gradient sperm separation method using Percoll is superior to the swim-up method for selecting sperm with normal morphology as assessed by strict criteria. Because sperm morphology as assessed by strict criteria is a good predictor of oocyte fertilization, this method can be recommended as the method of choice for assisted reproductive technology laboratories. Use of this method may help improve outcome by increasing fertilization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prakash
- Vincent Andrology and In Vitro Fertilization Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Georgiou I, Syrrou M, Stefanidis K, Konstantelli M, Lolis D. Effect of Percoll gradient and swim-up preparation on the chromomycin A3 staining of normal and abnormal semen samples. Andrologia 1998; 30:101-4. [PMID: 9629431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1998.tb01154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The protamination of spermatozoa recovered by Percoll gradient and swim-up was investigated by means of chromomycin A3 (CMA3) staining. A total of 34 semen samples from patients undergoing IVF treatment were divided in two groups: normal (A) and oligoasthenozoospermic (B). Samples were divided in fractions, subjected to both techniques of preparation, and stained by CMA3. The percentage of CMA3 positive spermatozoa recovered by Percoll was comparable to swim-up in the normal group. In the abnormal group Percoll resulted in significantly lower CMA3 percentage. It is concluded that the degree of protamination in recovered spermatozoa is influenced by the technique of preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Georgiou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Greece
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Rammer E, Friedrich F. The effectiveness of intrauterine insemination in couples with sterility due to male infertility with and without a woman's hormone factor. Fertil Steril 1998; 69:31-6. [PMID: 9457928 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)00432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the efficacy of IUI on fecundity and baby-take-home rates in cases of infertility attributable to a male factor with and without a woman's hormone factor. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at the General Public Hospital, Horn, Austria. PATIENT(S) Seventy-eight long-standing involuntarily childless couples. INTERVENTION(S) After a follicular phase GnRH analog (buserelin) protocol with hMG stimulation of the woman and a Percoll gradient preparation and capacitation of the man's semen, an IUI was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Fecundity and baby-take-home rates. RESULT(S) One hundred nine inseminations were followed by 53 pregnancies (48.6%; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 38.9%-58.4%) and 38 deliveries (34.9%; 95% CI 26.0%-44.6%). Forty-nine children were born and 47 are alive (43.1%). CONCLUSION(S) Intrauterine insemination combined with buserelin gonadotropin stimulation, Percoll semen preparation, and sperm capacitation is a feasible solution to the problem of sterility attributable to a male factor with and without a woman's hormone factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rammer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Public Hospital, Horn, Austria
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Egbase PE, al-Sharhan M, Ing R, Grudzinskas JG. Pregnancy rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in relation to sperm recovery techniques. J Assist Reprod Genet 1997; 14:317-20. [PMID: 9226509 PMCID: PMC3454786 DOI: 10.1007/bf02765834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE/METHODS Clinical outcome after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was evaluated in relation to three techniques of sperm recovery, mini-Percoll, simple concentration, and centrifugation and washing. RESULTS Whereas fertilization and embryonic cleavage rates were similar in the three groups, the rates of implantation and clinical pregnancy were statistically significantly higher following sperm recovery by the techniques of mini-Percoll and centrifugation and washing.
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Sharma RK, Agarwal A. Influence of artificial stimulation on unprocessed and Percoll-washed cryopreserved sperm. ARCHIVES OF ANDROLOGY 1997; 38:173-9. [PMID: 9140613 DOI: 10.3109/01485019708994875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of pentoxifylline and 2-deoxyadenosine to stimulate sperm motility and motion characteristics was assessed in unprocessed and processed (Percoll-separated) cryopreserved specimens. Specimens from 12 healthy volunteers were obtained, and the motion characteristics were analyzed; half the sample was immediately cryopreserved and the other was washed using the Percoll gradient technique. To study stimulation, samples were thawed and divided into four aliquots: One was used as a control, and the others were incubated with 2.5 mM 2-deoxyadenosine, 2.5 mM pentoxifylline, or 5.0 mM pentoxifylline for 60 min. Sperm characteristics were analyzed on a sperm motion analyzer at 0 and 60 min incubation. In both unprocessed and processed samples, percentage motility improved significantly after stimulation with 2-deoxyadenosine or pentoxifylline (p = .003 or p = .0002, respectively); other characteristics improved to varying extent after 2-deoxyadenosine or pentoxifylline stimulation. Comparison after stimulation revealed that sperm motion characteristics in the unprocessed specimen were similar to sperm motion characteristics in the processed group.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Sharma
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA
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De Maistre E, Béné MC, Foliguet B, Touati F, Faure GC. Centrifugation on Percoll gradient enhances fluorescent lectin binding on human sperm: a flow cytometric analysis. ARCHIVES OF ANDROLOGY 1996; 37:179-87. [PMID: 8939296 DOI: 10.3109/01485019608988520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Centrifugation on a Percoll gradient is commonly used to enrich sperm preparations in mobile forms prior to in vitro fertilization attempts. It has been suggested that this method also induces the capacitation of sperm, a step preceding the acrosomal reaction allowing egg fertilization. The modifications of the acrosomal membrane involved in these physiological events likely include alterations of glycosylation patterns. This hypothesis was investigated by comparing the membrane binding of 15 fluorescein-conjugated lectins on 60 samples of sperm, before and after Percoll centrifugation. The numbers of labeled sperm and their mean fluorescence intensity, recorded in flow cytometry, significantly increased for 10 and 14 of the 15 lectins tested. Microscopic examination of the labeled sperm showed that the acrosome and equatorial plates were more often labeled after Percoll centrifugation, confirming the hypothesis that this method modifies the glycosylation pattern of structures important for egg fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Maistre
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
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Hovav Y, Shotland Y, Yaffe H, Almagor M. Electroejaculation and assisted fertility in men with psychogenic anejaculation. Fertil Steril 1996; 66:620-3. [PMID: 8816627 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)58578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate sperm characteristics and fertility potential in ejaculates obtained after electroejaculation in men with psychogenic anejaculation. DESIGN Retrospective clinical study. SETTING In Vitro Fertilization Unit, Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. PATIENTS Twenty men with psychogenic anejaculation who underwent 55 sessions of electroejaculation and their spouses. INTERVENTIONS Electroejaculation, assisted reproduction technologies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Semen analysis, IVF, intracytoplasmic injection (ICSI), fertilization rates, and pregnancy rates. RESULTS In all patients, sperm density and motility rates were unsatisfactory (98 +/- 127 x 10(6) with 14.6% +/- 15% motility in the antegrade portions and 42 +/- 42 x 10(6) with 9.7% +/- 15.6% motility in the retrograde samples). Intrauterine inseminations performed in eight couples did not result in a pregnancy. Four couples underwent IVF-ET treatments. Two pregnancies were achieved with overall success rates of 22% per cycle. Five couples were treated using the ICSI procedure. Although good quality embryos were transferred, none of the treatments resulted in a pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Psychogenic failure to ejaculate may be treated by electroejaculation. However, the average motility of the sperm obtained is diminished. The combination of electroejaculation with IVF, including the ICSI procedure, should improve chances of fertilization and pregnancy in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hovav
- Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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