1
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Makizuka T, Sowa K, Shirai O, Kitazumi Y. Inhibition of direct-electron-transfer-type bioelectrocatalysis of bilirubin oxidase by silver ions. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:907-912. [PMID: 35437692 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In enzyme-based biosensors, Ag+ eluted from the reference electrode inhibits the enzyme activity. Herein, to suppress the inhibition of bilirubin oxidase (BOD) by Ag+, kinetic analysis was used to examine the effect of Ag+ on the activity of BOD. It was confirmed that the addition of Ag+ decreased the bioelectrocatalytic activity of BOD. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) suggested that Ag+ was attached to BOD. Moreover, the changes in the visible absorption spectra after Ag+ addition showed that Ag+ was bound to the type I Cu sites in BOD. During oxygen reduction by BOD, the direct-electron-transfer-type bioelectrocatalytic current decreased after Ag+ was added. The decay of the catalytic current was evaluated using kinetic analysis (assuming a pseudo-first-order reaction). Based on the analysis, the inhibition of BOD was suppressed when the Ag+ concentration was below 0.1 µM. Referring to the solubility product of AgCl, Cl- at a concentration of 1 mM suppressed the inhibition of the enzymatic activity by 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Makizuka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keisei Sowa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Osamu Shirai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitazumi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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2
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Sekretareva A, Tian S, Gounel S, Mano N, Solomon EI. Electron Transfer to the Trinuclear Copper Cluster in Electrocatalysis by the Multicopper Oxidases. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17236-17249. [PMID: 34633193 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-potential multicopper oxidases (MCOs) are excellent catalysts able to perform the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at remarkably low overpotentials. Moreover, MCOs are able to interact directly with the electrode surfaces via direct electron transfer (DET), that makes them the most commonly used electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction in biofuel cells. The central question in MCO electrocatalysis is whether the type 1 (T1) Cu is the primary electron acceptor site from the electrode, or whether electrons can be transferred directly to the trinuclear copper cluster (TNC), bypassing the rate-limiting intramolecular electron transfer step from the T1 site. Here, using site-directed mutagenesis and electrochemical methods combined with data modeling of electrode kinetics, we have found that there is no preferential superexchange pathway for DET to the T1 site. However, due to the high reorganization energy of the fully oxidized TNC, electron transfer from the electrode to the TNC does occur primarily through the T1 site. We have further demonstrated that the lower reorganization energy of the TNC in its two-electron reduced, alternative resting, form enables DET to the TNC, but this only occurs in the first turnover. This study provides insight into the factors that control the kinetics of electrocatalysis by the MCOs and a guide for the design of more efficient biocathodes for the ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Sekretareva
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shiliang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Nicolas Mano
- CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France.,Université de Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR5031, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94025, United States
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3
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Roles of the indole ring of Trp396 covalently bound with the imidazole ring of His398 coordinated to type I copper in bilirubin oxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:620-624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Walgama C, Pathiranage A, Akinwale M, Montealegre R, Niroula J, Echeverria E, McIlroy DN, Harriman TA, Lucca DA, Krishnan S. Buckypaper–Bilirubin Oxidase Biointerface for Electrocatalytic Applications: Buckypaper Thickness. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2229-2236. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charuksha Walgama
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Anuruddha Pathiranage
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Mayowa Akinwale
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Roberto Montealegre
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Jinesh Niroula
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Elena Echeverria
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - David N. McIlroy
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Tres A. Harriman
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Don A. Lucca
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Sadagopan Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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5
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Structural Changes of the Trinuclear Copper Center in Bilirubin Oxidase upon Reduction. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010076. [PMID: 30587809 PMCID: PMC6337666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Geometric and electronic structure changes in the copper (Cu) centers in bilirubin oxidase (BOD) upon a four-electron reduction were investigated by quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations. For the QM region, the unrestricted density functional theory (UDFT) method was adopted for the open-shell system. We found new candidates of the native intermediate (NI, intermediate II) and the resting oxidized (RO) states, i.e., NIH+ and RO₀. Elongations of the Cu-Cu atomic distances for the trinuclear Cu center (TNC) and very small structural changes around the type I Cu (T1Cu) were calculated as the results of a four-electron reduction. The QM/MM optimized structures are in good agreement with recent high-resolution X-ray structures. As the structural change in the TNC upon reduction was revealed to be the change in the size of the triangle spanned by the three Cu atoms of TNC, we introduced a new index (l) to characterize the specific structural change. Not only the wild-type, but also the M467Q, which mutates the amino acid residue coordinating T1Cu, were precisely analyzed in terms of their molecular orbital levels, and the optimized redox potential of T1Cu was theoretically reconfirmed.
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6
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Akter M, Tokiwa T, Shoji M, Nishikawa K, Shigeta Y, Sakurai T, Higuchi Y, Kataoka K, Shibata N. Redox Potential-Dependent Formation of an Unusual His-Trp Bond in Bilirubin Oxidase. Chemistry 2018; 24:18052-18058. [PMID: 30156345 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bilirubin oxidase (BOD) belongs to the family of blue multicopper oxidases, and catalyzes the concomitant oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin and the reduction of molecular oxygen to water via a four-electron reduction system. The active sites of BOD comprise four copper atoms; type I copper (T1Cu) forms a mononuclear site, and a cluster of three copper atoms forms a trinuclear center. In the present study, we determined the high-resolution crystal structures of BOD from the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria. We investigated wild-type (WT) BOD and a BOD mutant called Met467Gln, which is inactive against bilirubin. The structures revealed that a novel post-translational crosslink between Trp396 and His398 is formed in the vicinity of the T1Cu site in WT BOD, whereas it is absent in the Met467Gln mutant. Our structural and computational studies suggest that the His-Trp crosslink adjusts the redox potential of T1Cu to that of bilirubin to efficiently abstract electrons from the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuza Akter
- Department of Picobiology, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Takaki Tokiwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shoji
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Koji Nishikawa
- Department of Picobiology, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Higuchi
- Department of Picobiology, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan.,The RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Koto, Sayo-cho, Sato-gun, Hyogo, 678-5248, Japan
| | - Kunishige Kataoka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Naoki Shibata
- Department of Picobiology, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan.,The RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Koto, Sayo-cho, Sato-gun, Hyogo, 678-5248, Japan
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Mano
- CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France
- University of Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Anne de Poulpiquet
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, BIP, 31, chemin Aiguier, 13402 Marseille, France
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8
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Funabashi H, Takeuchi S, Tsujimura S. Hierarchical meso/macro-porous carbon fabricated from dual MgO templates for direct electron transfer enzymatic electrodes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45147. [PMID: 28332583 PMCID: PMC5362814 DOI: 10.1038/srep45147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical pore structure to improve the current production efficiency and stability of direct electron transfer-type biocathodes. The 3D hierarchical electrode structure was fabricated using a MgO-templated porous carbon framework produced from two MgO templates with sizes of 40 and 150 nm. The results revealed that the optimal pore composition for a bilirubin oxidase-catalysed oxygen reduction cathode was a mixture of 33% macropores and 67% mesopores (MgOC33). The macropores improve mass transfer inside the carbon material, and the mesopores improve the electron transfer efficiency of the enzyme by surrounding the enzyme with carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Funabashi
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takeuchi
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Seiya Tsujimura
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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9
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Laccase engineering by rational and evolutionary design. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:897-910. [PMID: 25586560 PMCID: PMC4323517 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Laccases are considered as green catalysts of great biotechnological potential. This has attracted a great interest in designing laccases a la carte with enhanced stabilities or activities tailored to specific conditions for different fields of application. Over 20 years, numerous efforts have been taken to engineer these multicopper oxidases and to understand their reaction mechanisms by site-directed mutagenesis, and more recently, using computational calculations and directed evolution tools. In this work, we review the most relevant contributions made in the field of laccase engineering, from the comprehensive study of their structure–function relationships to the tailoring of outstanding biocatalysts.
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10
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Kanteev M, Goldfeder M, Chojnacki M, Adir N, Fishman A. The mechanism of copper uptake by tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 18:895-903. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-013-1034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Kataoka K, Kogi H, Tsujimura S, Sakurai T. Modifications of laccase activities of copper efflux oxidase, CueO by synergistic mutations in the first and second coordination spheres of the type I copper center. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 431:393-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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UEMATSU K, KATANO H. Evaluation of an Electrochemical Method for the Analysis of Enzymatic Inhibition Reactions. ANAL SCI 2013; 29:25-9. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.29.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei UEMATSU
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Hajime KATANO
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
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13
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Mano N. Features and applications of bilirubin oxidases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:301-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Shleev S, Andoralov V, Falk M, Reimann CT, Ruzgas T, Srnec M, Ryde U, Rulíšek L. On the Possibility of Uphill Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Multicopper Oxidases: Electrochemical and Quantum Chemical Study of Bilirubin Oxidase. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Kataoka K, Hirota S, Maeda Y, Kogi H, Shinohara N, Sekimoto M, Sakurai T. Enhancement of Laccase Activity through the Construction and Breakdown of a Hydrogen Bond at the Type I Copper Center in Escherichia coli CueO and the Deletion Mutant Δα5−7 CueO. Biochemistry 2010; 50:558-65. [DOI: 10.1021/bi101107c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunishige Kataoka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shun Hirota
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yasuo Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kogi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Naoya Shinohara
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Madoka Sekimoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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16
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Dos Santos L, Climent V, Blanford CF, Armstrong FA. Mechanistic studies of the 'blue' Cu enzyme, bilirubin oxidase, as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:13962-74. [PMID: 20852807 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00018c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 'blue copper' enzyme bilirubin oxidase from Myrothecium verrucaria shows significantly enhanced adsorption on a pyrolytic graphite 'edge' (PGE) electrode that has been covalently modified with naphthyl-2-carboxylate functionalities by diazonium coupling. Modified electrodes coated with bilirubin oxidase show electrocatalytic voltammograms for the direct, four-electron reduction of O(2) by bilirubin oxidase with up to four times the current density of an unmodified PGE electrode. Electrocatalytic voltammograms measured with a rapidly rotating electrode (to remove effects of O(2) diffusion limitation) have a complex shape (an almost linear dependence of current on potential below pH 6) that is similar regardless of how PGE is chemically modified. Importantly, the same waveform is observed if bilirubin oxidase is adsorbed on Au(111) or Pt(111) single-crystal electrodes (at which activity is short-lived). The electrocatalytic behavior of bilirubin oxidase, including its enhanced response on chemically-modified PGE, therefore reflects inherent properties that do not depend on the electrode material. The variation of voltammetric waveshapes and potential-dependent (O(2)) Michaelis constants with pH and analysis in terms of the dispersion model are consistent with a change in rate-determining step over the pH range 5-8: at pH 5, the high activity is limited by the rate of interfacial redox cycling of the Type 1 copper whereas at pH 8 activity is much lower and a sigmoidal shape is approached, showing that interfacial electron transfer is no longer a limiting factor. The electrocatalytic activity of bilirubin oxidase on Pt(111) appears as a prominent pre-wave to electrocatalysis by Pt surface atoms, thus substantiating in a single, direct experiment that the minimum overpotential required for O(2) reduction by the enzyme is substantially smaller than required at Pt. At pH 8, the onset of O(2) reduction lies within 0.14 V of the four-electron O(2)/2H(2)O potential.
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17
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Mizutani K, Toyoda M, Sagara K, Takahashi N, Sato A, Kamitaka Y, Tsujimura S, Nakanishi Y, Sugiura T, Yamaguchi S, Kano K, Mikami B. X-ray analysis of bilirubin oxidase from Myrothecium verrucaria at 2.3 A resolution using a twinned crystal. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2010; 66:765-70. [PMID: 20606269 PMCID: PMC2898457 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309110018828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bilirubin oxidase (BOD), a multicopper oxidase found in Myrothecium verrucaria, catalyzes the oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin. Oxygen is the electron acceptor and is reduced to water. BOD is used for diagnostic analysis of bilirubin in serum and has attracted considerable attention as an enzymatic catalyst for the cathode of biofuel cells that work under neutral conditions. Here, the crystal structure of BOD is reported for the first time. Blue bipyramid-shaped crystals of BOD obtained in 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD) and ammonium sulfate solution were merohedrally twinned in space group P6(3). Structure determination was achieved by the single anomalous diffraction (SAD) method using the anomalous diffraction of Cu atoms and synchrotron radiation and twin refinement was performed in the resolution range 33-2.3 A. The overall organization of BOD is almost the same as that of other multicopper oxidases: the protein is folded into three domains and a total of four copper-binding sites are found in domains 1 and 3. Although the four copper-binding sites were almost identical to those of other multicopper oxidases, the hydrophilic Asn residue (at the same position as a hydrophobic residue such as Leu in other multicopper oxidases) very close to the type I copper might contribute to the characteristically high redox potential of BOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiko Mizutani
- Laboratory of Applied Structural Biology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, The Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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18
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Kurose S, Kataoka K, Shinohara N, Miura Y, Tsutsumi M, Tsujimura S, Kano K, Sakurai T. Modification of Spectroscopic Properties and Catalytic Activity ofEscherichia coliCueO by Mutations of Methionine 510, the Axial Ligand to the Type I Cu. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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IKEDA T, UEMATSU K, MA H, KATANO H, HIBI T. Measurements of Reversible and Irreversible Inactivation Processes of a Redox Enzyme, Bilirubin Oxidase, by Electrochemical Methods Based on Bioelectrocatalysis. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:1283-8. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tokuji IKEDA
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Kohei UEMATSU
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Haku MA
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Hajime KATANO
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Takao HIBI
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University
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20
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Ramírez P, Mano N, Andreu R, Ruzgas T, Heller A, Gorton L, Shleev S. Direct electron transfer from graphite and functionalized gold electrodes to T1 and T2/T3 copper centers of bilirubin oxidase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2008; 1777:1364-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Compensatory binding of an asparagine residue to the coordination-unsaturated type I Cu center in bilirubin oxidase mutants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 371:416-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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IKEDA T, TATSUMI H, KATANO H, WANIBUCHI M, HIBI T, KAJINO T. A Bioelectrocatalysis Method for the Kinetic Measurement of Thermal Inactivation of a Redox Enzyme, Bilirubin Oxidase. ANAL SCI 2008; 24:237-41. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tokuji IKEDA
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University
| | | | - Hajime KATANO
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University
| | | | - Takao HIBI
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University
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23
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Kamitaka Y, Tsujimura S, Kataoka K, Sakurai T, Ikeda T, Kano K. Effects of axial ligand mutation of the type I copper site in bilirubin oxidase on direct electron transfer-type bioelectrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Shin H, Kang C, Heller A. Irreversible and Reversible Deactivation of Bilirubin Oxidase by Urate. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Lim J, Cirigliano N, Wang J, Dunn B. Direct electron transfer in nanostructured sol–gel electrodes containing bilirubin oxidase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:1809-14. [PMID: 17415492 DOI: 10.1039/b618422g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bilirubin oxidase encapsulated within a silica sol-gel/carbon nanotube composite electrode effectively catalyzed the reduction of molecular oxygen into water through direct electron transfer at the carbon nanotube electrode surface. In this nanocomposite approach, the silica matrix is designed to be sufficiently porous for substrate molecules to have access to the enzyme and yet provides a protective cage for immobilization without affecting biological activity. The incorporation of carbon nanotubes adds electrical connectivity and increases active electrode surface area. The standard surface electron transfer rate constant was calculated to be 59 s(-1) which indicates that the carbon nanotube side walls are primarily responsible for electron transfer. The use of direct electron transfer processes simplifies biofuel cell fabrication by eliminating the need for redox mediator and ion-conducting separators.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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26
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Christenson A, Shleev S, Mano N, Heller A, Gorton L. Redox potentials of the blue copper sites of bilirubin oxidases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2006; 1757:1634-41. [PMID: 17020746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The redox potentials of the multicopper redox enzyme bilirubin oxidase (BOD) from two organisms were determined by mediated and direct spectroelectrochemistry. The potential of the T1 site of BOD from the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria was close to 670 mV, whereas that from Trachyderma tsunodae was >650 mV vs. NHE. For the first time, direct electron transfer was observed between gold electrodes and BODs. The redox potentials of the T2 sites of both BODs were near 390 mV vs. NHE, consistent with previous finding for laccase and suggesting that the redox potentials of the T2 copper sites of most blue multicopper oxidases are similar, about 400 mV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Christenson
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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KAMITAKA Y, TSUJIMURA S, IKEDA T, KANO K. Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study of Direct Bioelectrocatalytic Reduction of Bilirubin Oxidase. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.74.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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28
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Kataoka K, Tanaka K, Sakai Y, Sakurai T. High-level expression of Myrothecium verrucaria bilirubin oxidase in Pichia pastoris, and its facile purification and characterization. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 41:77-83. [PMID: 15802224 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2004] [Revised: 01/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bilirubin oxidase (BO) from Myrothecium verrucaria (authentic BO) catalyzing the oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdine was overexpressed in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris. The cDNA encoding BO was cloned into the P. pastoris expression vector pPIC9K under the control of the alcohol oxidase 1 promoter and its protein product was secreted using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor signal sequence. The productivity of recombinant BO (rBO) in P. pastoris was approximately 5000 U/L of culture broth, being about 2.5- and 250-fold higher than rBO expressed in Aspergillus oryzae and S. cerevisiae, respectively. The calculated molecular mass of rBO consisting of 538 amino acids was 60,493 kDa, however, that of SDS-PAGE was 66 kDa because of non-native type N-linked sugar chains. The spectroscopic properties of rBO were typical of multicopper oxidase containing four Cu ions per protein molecule. The specific activity to oxidize bilirubin was 57 U/mg, having a value about twice that of authentic BO and rBO expressed in A. oryzae. Moreover, the thermostability of rBO expressed in P. pastoris was significantly high compared to the authentic BO previously reported. Accordingly, a heterologous expression system of rBO to meet clinical and industrial needs was constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunishige Kataoka
- Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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Tsujimura S, Kuriyama A, Fujieda N, Kano K, Ikeda T. Mediated spectroelectrochemical titration of proteins for redox potential measurements by a separator-less one-compartment bulk electrolysis method. Anal Biochem 2005; 337:325-31. [PMID: 15691513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One-compartment bulk electrolysis and simultaneous spectroscopic measurements are realized in a conventional spectroscopic cuvette without separator by using a mesh-type working electrode with extremely large surface area and a wire-type counter electrode with very small surface area. Spectrophotometric monitoring revealed complete electrolysis in a first-order kinetics. This technique was applied to mediated titration of cytochrome c and bilirubin oxidase for determining their redox potentials. Kinetics for the solution redox reaction between protein and mediator is described. The subtraction of spectral background due to mediator adsorption is very easy because of high reproducibility. The experiments can be done under completely anaerobic conditions. Low-absorbance protein samples (of low concentrations or small absorption coefficients) and hydrophobic proteins (such as membrane-bound proteins) are acceptable for measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Tsujimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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30
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Kang C, Shin H, Zhang Y, Heller A. Deactivation of bilirubin oxidase by a product of the reaction of urate and O2. Bioelectrochemistry 2004; 65:83-8. [PMID: 15522697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2004.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2004] [Revised: 07/27/2004] [Accepted: 08/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The "wired" bilirubin oxidase (BOD) bioelectrocatalyst is superior to pure platinum as an electrocatalyst of the four-electron electroreduction of O(2) to water. Not only is its overpotential for O(2) reduction lower, but unlike platinum, it is not affected by organic compounds like glucose. The "wired" BOD-coated carbon cathode operates for >1 week at 37 degrees C in a glucose-containing physiological buffer solution. One of its key applications would be in a glucose-O(2) biofuel cell, which would operate in living tissues. The cathode is, however, short-lived in serum, losing its electrocatalytic activity in a few hours. Here we show that the damaging serum component is a product of the reaction of urate and dissolved oxygen. Exclusion of urate, by application of Nafion film on the cathode, improves the stability in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561-756, Korea
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31
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Berry SM, Ralle M, Low DW, Blackburn NJ, Lu Y. Probing the role of axial methionine in the blue copper center of azurin with unnatural amino acids. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:8760-8. [PMID: 12862470 DOI: 10.1021/ja029699u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Expressed protein ligation was used to replace the axial methionine of the blue copper protein azurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa with unnatural amino acids. The highly conserved methionine121 residue was replaced with the isostructural amino acids norleucine (Nle) and selenomethionine (SeM). The UV-visible absorption, X- and Q-band EPR, and Cu EXAFS spectra of the variants are slightly perturbed from WT. All variants have a predominant S(Cys) to Cu(II) charge transfer band around 625 nm and narrow EPR hyperfine splittings. The Se EXAFS of the M121SeM variant is also reported. In contrast to the small spectral changes, the reduction potentials of M121SeM, M121Leu, and M121Nle are 25, 135, and 140 mV, respectively, higher than that of WT azurin. The use of unnatural amino acids allowed deconvolution of different factors affecting the reduction potentials of the blue copper center. A careful analysis of the WT azurin and its variants obtained in this work showed the large reduction potential variation was linearly correlated with the hydrophobicity of the axial ligand side chains. Therefore, hydrophobicity is the dominant factor in tuning the reduction potentials of blue copper centers by axial ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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32
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Sakurai T, Zhan L, Fujita T, Kataoka K, Shimizu A, Samejima T, Yamaguchi S. Authentic and recombinant bilirubin oxidases are in different resting forms. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2003; 67:1157-9. [PMID: 12834300 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.67.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Myrothecium verrucaria bilirubin oxidase expressed in Aspergillus oryzae is in a resting form different from that of the authentic bilirubin oxidase, but reaches the resting form of the authentic enzyme after one cycle of reduction and reoxidation with dioxygen as shown by the absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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Tsujimura S, Kawaharada M, Nakagawa T, Kano K, Ikeda T. Mediated bioelectrocatalytic O2 reduction to water at highly positive electrode potentials near neutral pH. Electrochem commun 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2481(03)00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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34
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Nakagawa T, Tsujimura S, Kano K, Ikeda T. Bilirubin Oxidase and [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−Modified Electrode Allowing Diffusion-controlled Reduction of O2to Water at pH 7.0. CHEM LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2003.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Nitta K, Kataoka K, Sakurai T. Primary structure of a Japanese lacquer tree laccase as a prototype enzyme of multicopper oxidases. J Inorg Biochem 2002; 91:125-31. [PMID: 12121769 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(02)00440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The cDNA library of the Japanese lacquer tree (Rhus vernicifera) was constructed by the reverse transcription of mRNA. A cDNA encoding laccase was amplified by PCR using primers based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the purified laccase and its peptide fragments formed by digestions with chymotrypsin and trypsin, and subcloned. The laccase cDNA clone contained a single, large open reading frame of 1599 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 533 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 58981 Da. The lacquer laccase was found to have 42 to 62% identity with other plant laccases and 20 to 24% identity with microorganism laccases at the deduced amino acid level. Differing from microorganism laccases the lacquer laccase utilizes a Met residue in addition to one Cys and two His residues to construct the type 1 Cu site. The secondary structure of the lacquer laccase was predicted to mainly consist of the beta-structure (28.7%) and loop and random structures (67.0%). The alpha-helix content was predicted to be only 4.3%. The location of these secondary structures was assumed to be very similar to those of ascorbate oxidase and fungal laccase, the crystal structures of which have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutomo Nitta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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36
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Mano N, Kim HH, Zhang Y, Heller A. An oxygen cathode operating in a physiological solution. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:6480-6. [PMID: 12033879 DOI: 10.1021/ja025874v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the electroreduction of O(2) to water under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 0.15 M NaCl, 37.5 degrees C) at a current density of 5 mA cm(-2) and at a potential only 0.18 V reducing versus that of the reversible O(2)/H(2)O electrode at pH 7.4. The immobilized electrocatalyst enabling the reduction is the electrostatic adduct of bilirubin oxidase from Myrothecium verrucaria, a polyanion at pH >4.1, and the polycationic redox copolymer of polyacrylamide and poly (N-vinylimidazole) complexed with [Os (4,4'-dichloro-2,2'-bipyridine)(2)Cl](+/2+), cross-linked on carbon cloth. The current density of the rotating electrodes was O(2) transport limited up to 8.8 mA cm(-2); their kinetic limit was reached at 9.1 mA cm(-2). The operational life of the electrodes depended on their angular velocity, which defined not only the current density but also the mechanical shear stress stripping the electrocatalyst. When the electrodes were rotated at 300 rpm and were poised at -256 mV versus the potential of the reversible O(2)/H(2)O electrode, their 2.4 mA cm(-2) initial current density decreased to 1.3 mA cm(-2) after 6 days of continuous operation at 37.5 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Mano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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37
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Photosynthetic bioelectrochemical cell utilizing cyanobacteria and water-generating oxidase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(01)00374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Tsujimura S, Tatsumi H, Ogawa J, Shimizu S, Kano K, Ikeda T. Bioelectrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen to water at neutral pH using bilirubin oxidase as an enzyme and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonate) as an electron transfer mediator. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Huang H, Zoppellaro G, Sakurai T. Spectroscopic and kinetic studies on the oxygen-centered radical formed during the four-electron reduction process of dioxygen by Rhus vernicifera laccase. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:32718-24. [PMID: 10551829 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.46.32718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxygen-centered radical bound to the trinuclear copper center was detected as an intermediate during the reoxidation process of the reduced Rhus vernicifera laccase with dioxygen and characterized by using absorption, stopped-flow, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies and by super conducting quantum interface devices measurement. The intermediate bands appeared at 370 nm (epsilon approximately 1000), 420 nm (sh), and 670 nm (weak) within 15 ms, and were observable for approximately 2 min at pH 7.4 but for less than 5 s at pH 4.2. The first-order rate constant for the decay of the intermediate has been determined by stopped-flow spectroscopy, showing the isotope effect, k(H)/k(D) of 1.4 in D(2)O. The intermediate was found to decay mainly from the protonated form by analyzing pH dependences. The enthalpy and entropy of activation suggested that a considerable structure change takes place around the active site during the decay of the intermediate. The EPR spectra at cryogenic temperatures (<27 K) showed two broad signals with g approximately 1.8 and 1.6 depending on pH. We propose an oxygen-centered radical in magnetic interaction with the oxidized type III copper ions as the structure of the three-electron reduced form of dioxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Huang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma 920-1192, Japan
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