1
|
Wang X, Wang HF, Chen Y, Sun MM, Wang Y, Chen YF. The Transcription Factor NIGT1.2 Modulates Both Phosphate Uptake and Nitrate Influx during Phosphate Starvation in Arabidopsis and Maize. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3519-3534. [PMID: 32958562 PMCID: PMC7610294 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus and nitrogen are essential macronutrients for plant growth and crop production. During phosphate (Pi) starvation, plants enhanced Pi but reduced nitrate (NO3 -) uptake capacity, and the mechanism is unclear. Here, we show that a GARP-type transcription factor NITRATE-INDUCIBLE, GARP-TYPE TRANSCRIPTIOANL REPRESSOR1.2 (NIGT1.2) coordinately modulates Pi and NO3 - uptake in response to Pi starvation. Overexpression of NIGT1.2 increased Pi uptake capacity but decreased NO3 - uptake capacity in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Furthermore, the nigt1.1 nigt1.2 double mutant displayed reduced Pi uptake but enhanced NO3 - uptake under low-Pi stress. During Pi starvation, NIGT1.2 directly up-regulated the transcription of the Pi transporter genes PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1;1 (PHT1;1) and PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1;4 (PHT1;4) and down-regulated expression of NO3 - transporter gene NITRATE TRANSPORTER1.1 (NRT1.1) by binding to cis-elements in their promoters. Further genetic assays demonstrated that PHT1;1, PHT1;4, and NRT1.1 were genetically epistatic to NIGT1.2 We also identified similar regulatory pathway in maize (Zea mays). These data demonstrate that the transcription factor NIGT1.2 plays a central role in modulating low-Pi-dependent uptake of Pi and NO3 -, tending toward maintenance of the phosphorus to nitrogen balance in plants during Pi starvation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mi-Mi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi-Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gan H, Jiao Y, Jia J, Wang X, Li H, Shi W, Peng C, Polle A, Luo ZB. Phosphorus and nitrogen physiology of two contrasting poplar genotypes when exposed to phosphorus and/or nitrogen starvation. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:22-38. [PMID: 26420793 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) are the two essential macronutrients for tree growth and development. To elucidate the P and N physiology of woody plants during acclimation to P and/or N starvation, we exposed saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe) to complete nutrients or starvation of P, N or both elements (NP). P. × euramericana had lower P and N concentrations and greater P and N amounts due to higher biomass production, thereby resulting in greater phosphorus use efficiency/N use efficiency (PUE/NUE) compared with Ps. Compared with the roots of Ps, the roots of Pe exhibited higher enzymatic activities in terms of acid phosphatases (APs) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), which are involved in P mobilization, and nitrate reductase (NR), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), which participate in N assimilation. The responsiveness of the transcriptional regulation of key genes encoding transporters for phosphate, ammonium and nitrate was stronger in Pe than in Ps. These results suggest that Pe possesses a higher capacity for P/N uptake and assimilation, which promote faster growth compared with Ps. In both poplars, P or NP starvation caused significant decreases in the P concentrations and increases in PUE. Phosphorus deprivation induced the activity levels of APs, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and MDH in both genotypes. Nitrogen or NP deficiency resulted in lower N concentrations, amino acid levels, NR and GOGAT activities, and higher NUE in both poplars. Thus, in Ps and Pe, the mRNA levels of PHT1;5, PHT1;9, PHT2;1, AMT2;1 and NR increased in the roots, while PHT1;9, PHO1;H1, PHO2, AMT1;1 and NRT2;1 increased in the leaves during acclimation to P, N or NP deprivation. These results suggest that both poplars suppress P/N uptake, mobilization and assimilation during acclimation to P, N or NP starvation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Gan
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yu Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jingbo Jia
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xinli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Wenguang Shi
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Changhui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Andrea Polle
- Büsgen-Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China Key Laboratory of Environment and Ecology in Western China of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kleinert A, Venter M, Kossmann J, Valentine A. The reallocation of carbon in P deficient lupins affects biological nitrogen fixation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1619-24. [PMID: 25155758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It is not known how phosphate (P) deficiency affects the allocation of carbon (C) to biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in legumes. The alteration of the respiratory and photosynthetic C costs of BNF was investigated under P deficiency. Although BNF can impose considerable sink stimulation on host respiratory and photosynthetic C, it is not known how the change in the C and energy allocation during P deficiency may affect BNF. Nodulated Lupinus luteus plants were grown in sand culture, using a modified Long Ashton nutrient solution containing no nitrogen (N) for ca. four weeks, after which one set was exposed to a P-deficient nutrient medium, while the other set continued growing on a P-sufficient nutrient medium. Phosphorus stress was measured at 20 days after onset of P-starvation. During P stress the decline in nodular P levels was associated with lower BNF and nodule growth. There was also a shift in the balance of photosynthetic and respiratory C toward a loss of C during P stress. Below-ground respiration declined under limiting P conditions. However, during this decline there was also a shift in the proportion of respiratory energy from maintenance toward growth respiration. Under P stress, there was an increased allocation of C toward root growth, thereby decreasing the amount of C available for maintenance respiration. It is therefore possible that the decline in BNF under P deficiency may be due to this change in resource allocation away from respiration associated with direct nutrient uptake, but rather toward a long term nutrient acquisition strategy of increased root growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleysia Kleinert
- Botany and Zoology Department, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Mauritz Venter
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Jens Kossmann
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Alexander Valentine
- Botany and Zoology Department, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paz RC, Rocco RA, Jiménez-Bremont JF, Rodríguez-Kessler M, Becerra-Flora A, Menéndez AB, Ruíz OA. Identification of differentially expressed genes potentially involved in the tolerance of Lotus tenuis to long-term alkaline stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 82:279-288. [PMID: 25025825 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil alkalinity is one of the most serious agricultural problems limiting crop yields. The legume Lotus tenuis is an important forage acknowledged by its ability to naturally grow in alkaline soils. To gain insight into the molecular responses that are activated by alkalinity in L. tenuis plants, subtractive cDNA libraries were generated from leaves and roots of these plants. Total RNAs of non-stressed plants (pH 5.8; E.C. 1.2), and plants stressed by the addition of 10 mM of NaHCO3 (pH 9.0; E.C. 1.9), were used as source of the driver and the tester samples, respectively. RNA samples were collected after 14 and 28 days of treatment. A total of 158 unigenes from leaves and 92 unigenes from roots were obtained and classified into 11 functional categories. Unigenes from these categories (4 for leaves and 8 for roots), that were related with nutrient metabolism and oxidative stress relief were selected, and their differential expression analyzed by qRT-PCR. These genes were found to be differentially expressed in a time dependent manner in L. tenuis during the alkaline stress application. Data generated from this study will contribute to the understanding of the general molecular mechanisms associated to plant tolerance under long-term alkaline stress in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía Cristina Paz
- Grupo INTERBIODES (Interacciones Biológicas del Desierto/Biological Interactions of Desert), CIGEOBIO (FCEFyN, UNSJ/CONICET), Dpto. de Biología, Av. Ignacio de la Roza 590 (Oeste), J5402DCS Rivadavia, San Juan, Argentina.
| | - Rubén Anibal Rocco
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, IIB-IINTECH/UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Juan Francisco Jiménez-Bremont
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICyT), Camino a la Presa de San José No. 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, CP 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.
| | - Margarita Rodríguez-Kessler
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Salvador Nava s/n, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 78290 San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.
| | - Alicia Becerra-Flora
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICyT), Camino a la Presa de San José No. 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, CP 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.
| | - Ana Bernardina Menéndez
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; PROPLAME-PRHIDEB (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Oscar Adolfo Ruíz
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, IIB-IINTECH/UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Desai S, Naik D, Cumming JR. The influence of phosphorus availability and Laccaria bicolor symbiosis on phosphate acquisition, antioxidant enzyme activity, and rhizospheric carbon flux in Populus tremuloides. MYCORRHIZA 2014; 24:369-82. [PMID: 24338046 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-013-0548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Many forest tree species are dependent on their symbiotic interaction with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi for phosphorus (P) uptake from forest soils where P availability is often limited. The ECM fungal association benefits the host plant under P limitation through enhanced soil exploration and increased P acquisition by mycorrhizas. To study the P starvation response (PSR) and its modification by ECM fungi in Populus tremuloides, a comparison was made between nonmycorrhizal (NM) and mycorrhizal with Laccaria bicolor (Myc) seedlings grown under different concentrations of phosphate (Pi) in sand culture. Although differences in growth between NM and Myc plants were small, Myc plants were more effective at acquiring P from low Pi treatments, with significantly lower k m values for root and leaf P accumulation. Pi limitation significantly increased the activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol-dependent peroxidase in leaves and roots to greater extents in NM than Myc P. tremuloides. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity also increased in NM plants under P limitation, but was unchanged in Myc plants. Formate, citrate, malonate, lactate, malate, and oxalate and total organic carbon exudation by roots was stimulated by P limitation to a greater extent in NM than Myc plants. Colonization by L. bicolor reduced the solution Pi concentration thresholds where PSR physiological changes occurred, indicating that enhanced Pi acquisition by P. tremuloides colonized by L. bicolor altered host P homeostasis and plant stress responses to P limitation. Understanding these plant-symbiont interactions facilitates the selection of more P-efficient forest trees and strategies for tree plantation production on marginal soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalaka Desai
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6057, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lon protease of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 is required for suppression of reb gene expression. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:6251-61. [PMID: 22752172 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01039-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial Lon proteases play important roles in a variety of biological processes in addition to housekeeping functions. In this study, we focused on the Lon protease of Azorhizobium caulinodans, which can fix nitrogen both during free-living growth and in stem nodules of the legume Sesbania rostrata. The nitrogen fixation activity of an A. caulinodans lon mutant in the free-living state was not significantly different from that of the wild-type strain. However, the stem nodules formed by the lon mutant showed little or no nitrogen fixation activity. By microscopic analyses, two kinds of host cells were observed in the stem nodules formed by the lon mutant. One type has shrunken host cells containing a high density of bacteria, and the other type has oval or elongated host cells containing a low density or no bacteria. This phenotype is similar to a praR mutant highly expressing the reb genes. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analyses revealed that reb genes were also highly expressed in the lon mutant. Furthermore, a lon reb double mutant formed stem nodules showing higher nitrogen fixation activity than the lon mutant, and shrunken host cells were not observed in these stem nodules. These results suggest that Lon protease is required to suppress the expression of the reb genes and that high expression of reb genes in part causes aberrance in the A. caulinodans-S. rostrata symbiosis. In addition to the suppression of reb genes, it was found that Lon protease was involved in the regulation of exopolysaccharide production and autoagglutination of bacterial cells.
Collapse
|
7
|
Suzuki T, Aono T, Liu CT, Suzuki S, Iki T, Yokota K, Oyaizu H. An outer membrane autotransporter, AoaA, of Azorhizobium caulinodans is required for sustaining high N2-fixing activity of stem nodules. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008; 285:16-24. [PMID: 18557786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the function of a putative high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein, azorhizobial outer membrane autotransporter A (AoaA), of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571. Sequence analysis revealed that AoaA was an autotransporter protein belonging to the type V protein secretion system. Azorhizobium caulinodans forms N(2)-fixing nodules on the stems and roots of Sesbania rostrata. The sizes of stem nodules formed by an aoaA mutant having transposon insertion within this ORF were as large as those in the wild-type strain, but the N(2)-fixing activity of the nodules by the aoaA mutant was lower than that of wild-type nodules. cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism and reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis revealed that the expressions of several pathogen-related genes of host plants were induced in the aoaA mutant nodules. Furthermore, exopolysaccharide production was defective in the aoaA mutant under free-living conditions. These results indicate that AoaA may have an important role in sustaining the symbiosis by suppressing plant defense responses. The exopolysaccharide production controlled by AoaA might mediate this suppression mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Suzuki
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Suzuki S, Aono T, Lee KB, Suzuki T, Liu CT, Miwa H, Wakao S, Iki T, Oyaizu H. Rhizobial factors required for stem nodule maturation and maintenance in Sesbania rostrata-Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 symbiosis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:6650-9. [PMID: 17720818 PMCID: PMC2075074 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01514-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular and physiological mechanisms behind the maturation and maintenance of N(2)-fixing nodules during development of symbiosis between rhizobia and legumes still remain unclear, although the early events of symbiosis are relatively well understood. Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 is a microsymbiont of the tropical legume Sesbania rostrata, forming N(2)-fixing nodules not only on the roots but also on the stems. In this study, 10,080 transposon-inserted mutants of A. caulinodans ORS571 were individually inoculated onto the stems of S. rostrata, and those mutants that induced ineffective stem nodules, as displayed by halted development at various stages, were selected. From repeated observations on stem nodulation, 108 Tn5 mutants were selected and categorized into seven nodulation types based on size and N(2) fixation activity. Tn5 insertions of some mutants were found in the well-known nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and symbiosis-related genes, such as nod, nif, and fix, respectively, lipopolysaccharide synthesis-related genes, C(4) metabolism-related genes, and so on. However, other genes have not been reported to have roles in legume-rhizobium symbiosis. The list of newly identified symbiosis-related genes will present clues to aid in understanding the maturation and maintenance mechanisms of nodules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shino Suzuki
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shenoy VV, Kalagudi GM. Enhancing plant phosphorus use efficiency for sustainable cropping. Biotechnol Adv 2005; 23:501-13. [PMID: 16140488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the least available mineral nutrients to the plants in many cropping environments. Sub-optimal P nutrition can lead to yield losses in the range of 10% to 15% of the maximal yields. P deficiency is more critical in highly withered soils as well as in calcareous and alkaline soils. Amelioration attempts by addition of phosphatic fertilizers are economically and ecologically unsound as the efficiency of added phosphatic fertilizers is very low. Inoculation with the mineral phosphate solubilizing microbes has not helped much due to inconsistent performance of the inoculants under field conditions. These factors have led to examine the opportunities for developing genetically enhanced plants with better P use efficiency (PUE) through efficient P absorption, transportation and internal utilization. In order to improve the PUE in crop plants, it is important to explore genetic variation for all its associated traits. Inter- and intra-specific variations for these traits are known to exist and are shown to be under genetic and physiological controls, but modified by the plant-environment interactions. A more comprehensive understanding of the molecular and physiological basis of P uptake, transportation and utilization is leading to formulation of strategies aimed at developing better P efficient cultivars suited for sustainable cropping with less P fertilizer inputs. Issues relating to enhancing PUE through genetic manipulations of crop cultivar parameters are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Shenoy
- Research and Training Centre, Mahyco Research Foundation, 8-2-703 AG Heights, Road No. 12, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, AP, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Karandashov V, Bucher M. Symbiotic phosphate transport in arbuscular mycorrhizas. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2005; 10:22-9. [PMID: 15642520 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonize the root systems of most land plants and modulate plant growth by enhancing the availability of nutrients, mainly phosphorus, for plant nutrition. Recently identified genes encoding mycorrhiza-specific plant phosphate transporters have enabled fundamental problems in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis research to be addressed. Because phosphate transport is a key feature of this symbiosis, the study of phosphate transport mechanisms and their gene regulation will further our understanding of the intimate interaction between the two symbiotic partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Karandashov
- Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Institute of Plant Sciences, Experimental Station Eschikon 33, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Franco-Zorrilla JM, González E, Bustos R, Linhares F, Leyva A, Paz-Ares J. The transcriptional control of plant responses to phosphate limitation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2004; 55:285-93. [PMID: 14718495 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erh009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved an array of responses that adapt their growth to conditions of limited phosphate (Pi) supply. These involve biochemical and developmental changes that improve Pi acquisition and recycling, and protect against the stress of Pi starvation. The induction of these responses requires a sophisticated regulatory system that integrates information on external and internal plant Pi status and the details of this regulatory system are only just beginning to be elucidated. In this review, the current knowledge of this regulatory system is summarized, the hallmark of which is the central role of transcription factor PHR1 in the co-ordinated regulation of many phosphate-starvation-responsive genes. The role of hormonal signalling is also described, including auxins, ethylene and, particularly, cytokinins in the regulation of Pi-starvation responses.
Collapse
|
12
|
Vance CP, Uhde-Stone C, Allan DL. Phosphorus acquisition and use: critical adaptations by plants for securing a nonrenewable resource. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2003; 157:423-447. [PMID: 33873400 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 946] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is limiting for crop yield on > 30% of the world's arable land and, by some estimates, world resources of inexpensive P may be depleted by 2050. Improvement of P acquisition and use by plants is critical for economic, humanitarian and environmental reasons. Plants have evolved a diverse array of strategies to obtain adequate P under limiting conditions, including modifications to root architecture, carbon metabolism and membrane structure, exudation of low molecular weight organic acids, protons and enzymes, and enhanced expression of the numerous genes involved in low-P adaptation. These adaptations may be less pronounced in mycorrhizal-associated plants. The formation of cluster roots under P-stress by the nonmycorrhizal species white lupin (Lupinus albus), and the accompanying biochemical changes exemplify many of the plant adaptations that enhance P acquisition and use. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies of white lupin and other species response to P-deficiency have identified targets that may be useful for plant improvement. Genomic approaches involving identification of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) found under low-P stress may also yield target sites for plant improvement. Interdisciplinary studies uniting plant breeding, biochemistry, soil science, and genetics under the large umbrella of genomics are prerequisite for rapid progress in improving nutrient acquisition and use in plants. Contents I. Introduction 424 II. The phosphorus conundrum 424 III. Adaptations to low P 424 IV. Uptake of P 424 V. P deficiency alters root development and function 426 VI. P deficiency modifies carbon metabolism 431 VII. Acid phosphatase 436 VIII. Genetic regulation of P responsive genes 437 IX. Improving P acquisition 439 X. Synopsis 440.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carroll P Vance
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, University of Minnesota 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Departments of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Claudia Uhde-Stone
- Departments of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Deborah L Allan
- Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Uhde-Stone C, Zinn KE, Ramirez-Yáñez M, Li A, Vance CP, Allan DL. Nylon filter arrays reveal differential gene expression in proteoid roots of white lupin in response to phosphorus deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 131:1064-79. [PMID: 12644659 PMCID: PMC166872 DOI: 10.1104/pp.102.016881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2002] [Revised: 11/11/2002] [Accepted: 12/21/2002] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
White lupin (Lupinus albus) adapts to phosphorus deficiency (-P) by the development of short, densely clustered lateral roots called proteoid (or cluster) roots. In an effort to better understand the molecular events mediating these adaptive responses, we have isolated and sequenced 2,102 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from cDNA libraries prepared with RNA isolated at different stages of proteoid root development. Determination of overlapping regions revealed 322 contigs (redundant copy transcripts) and 1,126 singletons (single-copy transcripts) that compile to a total of 1,448 unique genes (unigenes). Nylon filter arrays with these 2,102 ESTs from proteoid roots were performed to evaluate global aspects of gene expression in response to -P stress. ESTs differentially expressed in P-deficient proteoid roots compared with +P and -P normal roots include genes involved in carbon metabolism, secondary metabolism, P scavenging and remobilization, plant hormone metabolism, and signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Uhde-Stone
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|