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Colpo A, Demaria S, Baldisserotto C, Pancaldi S, Brestič M, Živčak M, Ferroni L. Long-Term Alleviation of the Functional Phenotype in Chlorophyll-Deficient Wheat and Impact on Productivity: A Semi-Field Phenotyping Experiment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:822. [PMID: 36840171 PMCID: PMC9964019 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wheat mutants with a reduced chlorophyll synthesis are affected by a defective control of the photosynthetic electron flow, but tend to recover a wild-type phenotype. The sensitivity of some mutants to light fluctuations suggested that cultivation outdoors could significantly impact productivity. Six mutant lines of Triticum durum or Triticum aestivum with their respective wild-type cultivars were cultivated with a regular seasonal cycle (October-May) in a semi-field experiment. Leaf chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters were analysed at the early (November) and late (May) developmental stages, and checked for correlation with morphometric and grain-production parameters. The alleviation of the phenotype severity concerned primarily the recovery of the photosynthetic-membrane functionality, but not the leaf chlorophyll content. Photosystem II (PSII) was less photoprotected in the mutants, but a moderate PSII photoinhibition could help control the electron flow into the chain. The accumulation of interchain electron carriers was a primary acclimative response towards the naturally fluctuating environment, maximally exploited by the mature durum-wheat mutants. The mutation itself and/or the energy-consuming compensatory mechanisms markedly influenced the plant morphogenesis, leading especially to reduced tillering, which in turn resulted in lower grain production per plant. Consistently with the interrelation between early photosynthetic phenotype and grain-yield per plant, chlorophyll-fluorescence indexes related to the level of photoprotective thermal dissipation (pNPQ), photosystem II antenna size (ABS/RC), and pool of electron carriers (Sm) are proposed as good candidates for the in-field phenotyping of chlorophyll-deficient wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Colpo
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Sara Demaria
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Costanza Baldisserotto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marian Brestič
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marek Živčak
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Wang C, Xu H, Cheng T, Tang S, Zhang D, Li M, Pan X. Affinity-based alleviation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on tetracycline toxicity to photosynthesis of green algae Chlorella vulgaris: roles of hydrophilic and hydrophobic DOM. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:42165-42175. [PMID: 36645597 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The environmental fate and toxic effects of antibiotics such as tetracycline (TC) could be influenced by the ubiquitous dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, DOM from different origins has different hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. It is still unknown the effects of hydrophilic and hydrophobic DOM on the toxic effect of TC. In this study, DOM with hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity was separated and used to investigate their roles in affecting TC toxicity to the photosynthesis of green algae Chlorella vulgaris. Results showed that 10 mg L-1 TC inhibited the efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) of C. vulgaris using light by hindering electron transfer from QA- to QB/QB-, and the O2 release rate of C. vulgaris decreased by a third after 12-h treatment of 10 mg L-1 TC, while both hydrophilic and hydrophobic DOM (20 mg L-1 TOC) alleviated TC toxicity to the photosynthesis of C. vulgaris. In the presence of hydrophilic or hydrophobic DOM, stable complex of TC-hydrophilic DOM or TC-hydrophobic DOM was formed immediately, due to the good affinity of both DOM for TC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy result showed that both hydrophilic and hydrophobic DOM could reduce C=O in TC to C-O, and isothermal titration calorimetry result suggested that reactions of both DOM with TC were exothermic (△H < 0) and spontaneous (△G < 0). Thereinto, the reaction constant (Ka) of TC reacting with hydrophobic DOM (Ka=9.70) was higher than that with hydrophilic DOM (Ka=8.93), indicating hydrophobic DOM with more chemical binding sites and accessible fractions for TC. The present study suggests that DOM, especially the hydrophobic DOM, is an important consideration in the environmental impact assessment of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqin Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Engineering Co. Ltd., Hang Zhou, 310012, China.,Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hang Zhou, 310012, China
| | - Tingfeng Cheng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shuting Tang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Meichao Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Cun Z, Xu XZ, Zhang JY, Shuang SP, Wu HM, An TX, Chen JW. Responses of photosystem to long-term light stress in a typically shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1095726. [PMID: 36714733 PMCID: PMC9878349 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1095726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic adaptive strategies vary with the growth irradiance. The potential photosynthetic adaptive strategies of shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen to long-term high light and low light remains unclear. Photosynthetic performance, photosynthesis-related pigments, leaves anatomical characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities were comparatively determined in P. notoginseng grown under different light regimes. The thickness of the upper epidermis, palisade tissue, and lower epidermis were declined with increasing growth irradiance. Low-light-grown leaves were declined in transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Cond), but intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) and net photosynthesis rate (P n) had opposite trends. The maximum photo-oxidation P 700 + (P m) was greatly reduced in 29.8% full sunlight (FL) plants; The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F v/F m) in 0.2% FL plants was significantly lowest. Electron transport, thermal dissipation, and the effective quantum yield of PSI [Y(I)] and PSII [Y(II)] were declined in low-light-grown plants compared with high-light-grown P. notoginseng. The minimum value of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSII [Y(NO)] was recorded in 0.2% FL P. notoginseng. OJIP kinetic curve showed that relative variable fluorescence at J-phase (V J) and the ratio of variable fluorescent F K occupying the F J-F O amplitude (W k) were significantly increased in 0.2% FL plants. However, the increase in W k was lower than the increase in V J. In conclusion, PSI photoinhibition is the underlying sensitivity of the typically shade-tolerant species P. notoginseng to high light, and the photodamage to PSII acceptor side might cause the typically shade-tolerant plants to be unsuitable for long-term low light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang-Zeng Xu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Research Center for Collection and Utilization of Tropical Crop Resources, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Xishuangbanna, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Pu Shuang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tong-Xin An
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Wang S, Duo J, Wufuer R, Li W, Pan X. The Binding Ability of Mercury (Hg) to Photosystem I and II Explained the Difference in Its Toxicity on the Two Photosystems of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. TOXICS 2022; 10:455. [PMID: 36006134 PMCID: PMC9416214 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) poses high toxicity to organisms including algae. Studies showed that the growth and photosynthesis of green algae such as Chlorella are vulnerable to Hg stress. However, the differences between the activities and tolerance of photosystem I and II (PSI and PSII) of green microalgae under Hg exposure are still little known. Responses of quantum yields and electron transport rates (ETRs) of PSI and PSII of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to 0.05−1 mg/L Hg2+ were simultaneously measured for the first time by using the Dual-PAM-100 system. The photosystems were isolated to analyze the characteristics of toxicity of Hg during the binding process. The inhibition of Hg2+ on growth and photosystems was found. PSII was more seriously affected by Hg2+ than PSI. After Hg2+ exposure, the photochemical quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)] decreased with the increase in non-photochemical fluorescence quenching [Y(NO) and Y(NPQ)]. The toxic effects of Hg on the photochemical quantum yield and ETR in PSI were lower than those of PSII. The stimulation of cyclic electron yield (CEF) was essential for the stability and protection of PSI under Hg stress and played an important role in the induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The results showed a strong combination ability of Hg ions and photosystem particles. The number of the binding sites (n) of Hg on PSII was more than that of PSI, which may explain the different toxicity of Hg on PSII and PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jia Duo
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Rehemanjiang Wufuer
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Wang S, Wufuer R, Duo J, Li W, Pan X. Cadmium Caused Different Toxicity to Photosystem I and Photosystem II of Freshwater Unicellular Algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Chlorophyta). TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070352. [PMID: 35878257 PMCID: PMC9323598 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals such as Cd pose environmental problems and threats to a variety of organisms. The effects of cadmium (Cd) on the growth and activities of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were studied. The growth rate of cells treated with 25 and 100 µM of Cd for longer than 48 h were significantly lower than the control, accompanying with the inhibition of photosynthesis. The result of quantum yields and electron transport rates (ETRs) in PSI and PSII showed that Cd had a more serious inhibition on PSII than on PSI. Cd decreased the efficiency of PSII to use the energy under high light with increasing Cd concentration. In contrast, the quantum yield of PSI did not show a significant difference among different Cd treatments. The activation of cyclic electron flow (CEF) and the inhibition of linear electron flow (LEF) due to Cd treatment were observed. The photochemical quantum yield of PSI and the tolerance of ETR of PSI to Cd treatments were due to the activation of CEF around PSI. The activation of CEF also played an important role in induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The binding features of Cd ions and photosystem particles showed that Cd was easier to combine with PSII than PSI, which may explain the different toxicity of Cd on PSII and PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.W.); (R.W.); (J.D.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Rehemanjiang Wufuer
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.W.); (R.W.); (J.D.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jia Duo
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.W.); (R.W.); (J.D.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.W.); (R.W.); (J.D.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (X.P.); Tel.: +86-991-7823-147 (W.L.)
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (X.P.); Tel.: +86-991-7823-147 (W.L.)
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Maressa Hungria de Lima e Silva I, Almeida Rodrigues A, de Fátima Sales J, Almeida Rodrigues D, Carvalho Vasconcelos Filho S, Lino Rodrigues C, Ferreira Batista P, Carlos Costa A, Domingos M, Müller C, Alves da Silva A. Fluoride effect indicators in Phaseolus vulgaris seeds and seedlings. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13434. [PMID: 35602888 PMCID: PMC9121868 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fluoride (F) is one of the main environmental pollutants, and high concentrations are commonly detected in the air and in both surface and groundwater. However, the effects of this pollutant on seed germination and on the initial growth of crop seedlings are still poorly understood. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess morphoanatomical, physiological and biochemical fluoride effect indicators in Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds and seedlings. Methods P. vulgaris seeds were exposed to a liquid potassium fluoride solution (KF, pH 6.0) at concentrations of 0 (control), 10, 20, 30 mg L-1 for 7 days. A completely randomized experimental design was applied, consisting of four treatments with four replications each. During the experimental period, physiological (7 days) anatomical and histochemical (2 days), biochemical and chemical (4 days) assessments. An analysis of variance was performed followed by Dunnett's test. to determine significant differences between the KF-exposed groups and control seeds; and a multivariate analysis was performed. Results The germination parameters, and anatomical, morphological, physiological, biochemical and nutritional characteristics of the seedlings did not show negative effects from exposure to KF at the lowest doses evaluated. On the other hand, treatment with the highest dose of KF (30 mg L-1) resulted in a lower germination rate index and increase in abnormal seedlings, and higher electrical conductivity. A lower root length, magnesium content and photochemical efficiency were also observed. The exposure of P. vulgaris to KF, regardless the dose did not affect seeds anatomy and the accumulation of starch and proteins, in relation to the control group. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that P. vulgaris seedlings were tolerant to KF solutions up to 20 mg L-1, and sensitive when exposed to 30 mg KF L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur Almeida Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Seeds, Goiano Federal Institute of Science and Technology, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
- Laboratory of Plant Anatomy, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - Juliana de Fátima Sales
- Laboratory of Seeds, Goiano Federal Institute of Science and Technology, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | | | | | - Cássia Lino Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Seeds, Goiano Federal Institute of Science and Technology, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - Priscila Ferreira Batista
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Plant Productivity, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - Alan Carlos Costa
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Plant Productivity, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - Marisa Domingos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Instituto de Botânica, São Pualo, SP, Brasil
| | - Caroline Müller
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Plant Productivity, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - Adinan Alves da Silva
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Plant Productivity, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
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Identification of a Novel Mutation Exacerbated the PSI Photoinhibition in pgr5/ pgrl1 Mutants; Caution for Overestimation of the Phenotypes in Arabidopsis pgr5-1 Mutant. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112884. [PMID: 34831107 PMCID: PMC8616342 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PSI photoinhibition is usually avoided through P700 oxidation. Without this protective mechanism, excess light represents a potentially lethal threat to plants. PGR5 is suggested to be a major component of cyclic electron transport around PSI and is important for P700 oxidation in angiosperms. The known Arabidopsis PGR5 deficient mutant, pgr5-1, is incapable of P700 oxidation regulation and has been used in numerous photosynthetic studies. However, here it was revealed that pgr5-1 was a double mutant with exaggerated PSI photoinhibition. pgr5-1 significantly reduced growth compared to the newly isolated PGR5 deficient mutant, pgr5hope1. The introduction of PGR5 into pgr5-1 restored P700 oxidation regulation, but remained a pale-green phenotype, indicating that pgr5-1 had additional mutations. Both pgr5-1 and pgr5hope1 tended to cause PSI photoinhibition by excess light, but pgr5-1 exhibited an enhanced reduction in PSI activity. Introducing AT2G17240, a candidate gene for the second mutation into pgr5-1 restored the pale-green phenotype and partially restored PSI activity. Furthermore, a deficient mutant of PGRL1 complexing with PGR5 significantly reduced PSI activity in the double-deficient mutant with AT2G17240. From these results, we concluded that AT2G17240, named PSI photoprotection 1 (PTP1), played a role in PSI photoprotection, especially in PGR5/PGRL1 deficient mutants.
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Luo Y, Xie Y, He D, Wang W, Yuan S. Exogenous trehalose protects photosystem II by promoting cyclic electron flow under heat and drought stresses in winter wheat. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:770-776. [PMID: 33914400 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought and rising global temperatures are important factors that reduce wheat production. Trehalose protects the reaction centres and improves photosystem II (PSII) activity under diverse stress conditions. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Cyclic electron flow (CEF) plays an important role in protecting PSII under environmental stresses. Our study focused on the effects of exogenous trehalose on the activity of PSII, D1 protein content, plastoquinone (PQ) pool and ATP synthase activity in wheat seedlings under heat and drought stresses to explore the relationship between trehalose and CEF. The results indicated that heat and drought stresses decreased maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv /Fm ) and electron transport rate of PSII (EFR(II)), whereas the trehalose pretreatment improved photochemical efficiency and electron transport rate of PSII. The trehalose pretreatment stimulated CEF under heat and drought stresses. Furthermore, the proton gradient (ΔpH) across the thylakoid membrane and ATPase activity increased. The higher ΔpH and ATPase activity played a key role in protecting PSII under stresses. Trehalose pretreatment could reduce inhibition caused by heat and drought stresses on the PQ pool. Thus, our results indicated that photoinhibition in heat- and drought-stressed plants was alleviated by the trehalose pretreatment, which was mediated by CEF and the PQ pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Luo
- Instruments Sharing Platform of School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Y Xie
- Instruments Sharing Platform of School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - D He
- Instruments Sharing Platform of School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - W Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zhaozhuang, 277000, China
| | - S Yuan
- Instruments Sharing Platform of School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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Farhat N, Kouas W, Braun HP, Debez A. Stability of thylakoid protein complexes and preserving photosynthetic efficiency are crucial for the successful recovery of the halophyte Cakile maritima from high salinity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:177-190. [PMID: 34116337 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants native to extreme habitats often face changes in environmental conditions such as salinity level and water availability. In response, plants have evolved efficient mechanisms allowing them to survive or recover. In the present work, effects of high salinity and salt-stress release were studied on the halophyte Cakile maritima. Four week-old plants were either cultivated at 0 mM NaCl or 200 mM NaCl. After one month of treatment, plants were further irrigated at either 0 mM NaCl, 200 mM NaCl, or rewatered to 0 mM NaCl (stress release). Upon salt stress, C. maritima plants exhibited reduced biomass production and shoot hydration which were associated with a decrease in the amount of chlorophyll a and b. However, under the same stressful conditions a significant increase of anthocyanin and malonyldialdehyde concentrations was noticed. Salt-stressed plants were able to maintain stable protein complexes of thylakoid membranes. Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 redox state showed that PSI was more susceptible for damage by salinity than PSII. PSII machinery was significantly enhanced under saline conditions. All measured parameters were partially restored under salt-stress release conditions. Photoinhibition of PSI was also reversible and C. maritima was able to successfully re-establish PSI machinery indicating the high contribution of chloroplasts in salt tolerance mechanisms of C. maritima. Overall, to overcome high salinity stress, C. maritima sets a cascade of physio-biochemical and molecular pathways. Chloroplasts seem to act as metabolic centers as part of this adaptive process enabling growth restoration in this halophyte following salt stress release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nèjia Farhat
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Wafa Kouas
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ahmed Debez
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Alber NA, Vanlerberghe GC. The flexibility of metabolic interactions between chloroplasts and mitochondria in Nicotiana tabacum leaf. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1625-1646. [PMID: 33811402 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To examine the effect of mitochondrial function on photosynthesis, wild-type and transgenic Nicotiana tabacum with varying amounts of alternative oxidase (AOX) were treated with different respiratory inhibitors. Initially, each inhibitor increased the reduction state of the chloroplast electron transport chain, most severely in AOX knockdowns and least severely in AOX overexpressors. This indicated that the mitochondrion was a necessary sink for photo-generated reductant, contributing to the 'P700 oxidation capacity' of photosystem I. Initially, the Complex III inhibitor myxothiazol and the mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin caused an increase in photosystem II regulated non-photochemical quenching not evident with the Complex III inhibitor antimycin A (AA). This indicated that the increased quenching depended upon AA-sensitive cyclic electron transport (CET). Following 12 h with oligomycin, the reduction state of the chloroplast electron transport chain recovered in all plant lines. Recovery was associated with large increases in the protein amount of chloroplast ATP synthase and mitochondrial uncoupling protein. This increased the capacity for photophosphorylation in the absence of oxidative phosphorylation and enabled the mitochondrion to act again as a sink for photo-generated reductant. Comparing the AA and myxothiazol treatments at 12 h showed that CET optimized photosystem I quantum yield, depending upon the P700 oxidation capacity. When this capacity was too high, CET drew electrons away from other sinks, moderating the P700+ amount. When P700 oxidation capacity was too low, CET acted as an electron overflow, moderating the amount of reduced P700. This study reveals flexible chloroplast-mitochondrion interactions able to overcome lesions in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
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11
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A biological agent modulates the physiology of barley infected with Drechslera teres. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8330. [PMID: 33859319 PMCID: PMC8050242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognized as the causal agent of net blotch, Drechslera teres is responsible for major losses of barley crop yield. The consequences of this leaf disease are due to the impact of the infection on the photosynthetic performance of barley leaves. To limit the symptoms of this ascomycete, the use of beneficial bacteria known as "Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria" constitutes an innovative and environmentally friendly strategy. A bacterium named as strain B25 belonging to the genus Burkholderia showed a strong antifungal activity against D. teres. The bacterium was able to limit the development of the fungus by 95% in detached leaves of bacterized plants compared to the non-bacterized control. In this study, in-depth analyses of the photosynthetic performance of young barley leaves infected with D. teres and/or in the presence of the strain B25 were carried out both in and close to the necrotic area. In addition, gas exchange measurements were performed only near the necrotic area. Our results showed that the presence of the beneficial bacterium reduced the negative impact of the fungus on the photosynthetic performance and modified only the net carbon assimilation rate close to the necrotic area. Indeed, the presence of the strain B25 decreased the quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical energy loss in PSII noted as Y(NPQ) and allowed to maintain the values stable of maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry known as Fv/Fm and close to those of the control in the presence of D. teres. To the best of our knowledge, these data constitute the first study focusing on the impact of net blotch fungus and a beneficial bacterium on photosynthesis and respiratory parameters in barley leaves.
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12
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Cun Z, Zhang JY, Wu HM, Zhang L, Chen JW. High nitrogen inhibits photosynthetic performance in a shade-tolerant and N-sensitive species Panax notoginseng. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:283-300. [PMID: 33587246 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a primary factor limiting leaf photosynthesis. However, the mechanism of high-N-driven inhibition on photosynthetic efficiency and photoprotection is still unclear in the shade-tolerant and N-sensitive species such as Panax notoginseng. Leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content, Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) activity and content, N allocation in the photosynthetic apparatus, photosynthetic performance and Chl fluorescence were comparatively analyzed in a shade-tolerant and N-sensitive species P. notoginseng grown under the levels of moderate nitrogen (MN) and high nitrogen (HN). The results showed that Rubisco content, Chl content and specific leaf nitrogen (SLN) were greater in the HN individuals. Rubisco activity, net photosynthetic rate (Anet), photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE), maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) were lower when plants were exposed to HN as compared with ones to MN. A large proportion of leaf N was allocated to the carboxylation component under the levels of MN. More N was only served as a form of N storage and not contributed to photosynthesis in HN individuals. Compared with the MN plants, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching of PSII (NPQ), effective quantum yield and electron transport rate were obviously reduced in the HN plants. Cycle electron flow (CEF) was considerably enhanced in the MN individuals. There was not a significant difference in maximum photo-oxidation P700+ (Pm) between the HN and MN individuals. Most importantly, the HN individuals showed higher K phase in the fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetic curve (OJIP kinetic curve) than the MN ones. The results obtained suggest that photosynthetic capacity might be primarily inhibited by the inactivated Rubisco in the HN individuals, and HN-induced depression of photoprotection might be caused by the photodamage to the donor side of PSII oxygen-evolving complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Gupta A, Sainis JK, Bhagwat SG, Chittela RK. Modulation of photosynthesis in Synechocystis and Synechococcus grown with chromium (VI). J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Acclimatization of photosynthetic apparatus and antioxidant metabolism to excess soil cadmium in Buddleja spp. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21439. [PMID: 33293685 PMCID: PMC7722743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) pollutants can cause serious phytotoxicity or oxidative stress in plants. Buddleja L., commonly known as “butterfly bushes”, are frequently found growing on HM-contaminated land. However, to date, few studies have focused on the physiological and biochemical responses of Buddleja species to HM stress. In this study, potted seedlings of B. asiatica Lour. and B. macrostachya Wall. ex Benth. were subjected to various cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg−1) for 90 days. Both studied Buddleja species showed restricted Cd translocation capacity. Exposure to Cd, non-significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed, including quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII), effective quantum yield of PSII, photochemical quenching and non-photochemical quenching in both species between all studied Cd concentrations. Moreover, levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly declined (p < 0.05) with low malondialdehyde concentrations. In B. asiatica, high superoxide dismutase and significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) peroxidase (POD) activity contributed greatly to the detoxification of excess ROS, while markedly enhanced POD activity was observed in B. macrostachya. Additionally, B. macrostachya showed higher membership function values than did B. asiatica. These results suggested that both Buddleja species exhibited high Cd resistance and acclimatization.
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15
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Yanhui C, Hongrui W, Beining Z, Shixing G, Zihan W, Yue W, Huihui Z, Guangyu S. Elevated air temperature damage to photosynthetic apparatus alleviated by enhanced cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in tobacco leaves. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111136. [PMID: 32798755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High temperature can lead to increased production of excess light energy, thus reducing photosynthetic capacity in plants. Photosynthetic cyclic electron flow (CEF) in photosystem I (PSI) can effectively protect photosystems, but its physiological mechanism under high temperature is poorly understood. In this study, antimycin A (AA) and thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA) were used to inhibit PGR5-and NDH-dependent CEF pathways, respectively, to reveal the photoprotective functions of CEF for PSII in tobacco leaves under high temperature stress (37 °C, HT). High temperatures caused decreases in maximal photochemistry efficiency (Fv/Fm) and damaged photosystem II (PSII) in tobacco leaves. Under AA inhibition of PGR5-dependent CEF, high temperature increased the fluorescence intensity of point O (Fo) in OJIP curves, i.e., the energy absorption per active reaction center (ABS/RC), the trapping rate of the reaction center (TRo/RC), and the electron transport efficiency per reaction center (ETo/RC) in tobacco leaves. High temperature induced an increase in the hydrogen peroxide content and a decrease in pigment content in tobacco leaves. Under the high temperature treatment, inhibition of PGR5-dependent CEF reduced the activities of the PSII reaction center significantly, destroyed the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), and impeded photosynthetic electron transfer from PSII to the plastoquinone (PQ) pool in tobacco leaves. The TTFA treatment inhibited the NDH-dependent pathway under high temperature conditions, with the relative fluorescence intensity of point I (VI) decreased significantly, and the content of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion increased significantly. Additionally, Fo and the redox degree of the PSII donor side (Wk) increased, and pigment content decreased compared to the control, but with little change compared to high temperature treatment, indicating that the inhibition of the NDH-dependent pathway directly weakened the capacity of the PQ pool to lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tobacco leaves. In conclusion, CEF alleviated damage to the photosynthetic apparatus in tobacco leaves by increasing PSII heat dissipation, reducing ROS production, and maintaining the stability of the PQ pool to accommodate photosynthetic electron flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Yanhui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wang Hongrui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhang Beining
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Gao Shixing
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wang Zihan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhang Huihui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sun Guangyu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Zhang C, Li R, Zhu Q, Hang W, Zhang H, Cui H, Ji C, Zhang L, Chen F. Antioxidant enzymes and the mitochondrial alternative oxidase pathway play important roles in chilling tolerance of Haematococcus pluvialis at the green motile stage. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Elsheery NI, Sunoj VSJ, Wen Y, Zhu JJ, Muralidharan G, Cao KF. Foliar application of nanoparticles mitigates the chilling effect on photosynthesis and photoprotection in sugarcane. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 149:50-60. [PMID: 32035252 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chilling is one of the main abiotic stresses that adversely affect the productivity of sugarcane, in marginal tropical regions where chilling incidence occurs with seasonal changes. However, nanoparticles (NPs) have been tested as a mitigation strategy against diverse abiotic stresses. In this study, NPs such as silicon dioxide (nSiO2; 5-15 nm), zinc oxide (nZnO; <100 nm), selenium (nSe; 100 mesh), graphene (graphene nanoribbons [GNRs] alkyl functionalized; 2-15 μm × 40-250 nm) were applied as foliar sprays on sugarcane leaves to understand the amelioration effect of NPs against negative impact of chilling stress on photosynthesis and photoprotection. To this end, seedlings of moderately chilling tolerant sugarcane variety Guitang 49 was used for current study and spilt plot was used as statistical design. The changes in the level chilling tolerance after the application of NPs on Guitang 49 were compared with tolerance level of chilling tolerant variety Guitang 28. NPs treatments reduced the adverse effects of chilling by maintaining the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), maximum photo-oxidizable PSI (Pm), and photosynthetic gas exchange. Furthermore, application of NPs increased the content of light harvesting pigments (chlorophylls and cartinoids) in NPs treated seedlings. Higher carotenoid accumulation in leaves of NPs treated seedlings enhanced the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of PSII. Among the NPs, nSiO2 showed higher amelioration effects and it can be used alone or in combination with other NPs to mitigate chilling stress in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil I Elsheery
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China; Department of Agricultural Botany, Tanta University, Tanta, 72513, Egypt
| | - V S J Sunoj
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Y Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - J J Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - G Muralidharan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - K F Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China.
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18
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Yang Q, Blanco NE, Hermida-Carrera C, Lehotai N, Hurry V, Strand Å. Two dominant boreal conifers use contrasting mechanisms to reactivate photosynthesis in the spring. Nat Commun 2020; 11:128. [PMID: 31913273 PMCID: PMC6949249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Boreal forests are dominated by evergreen conifers that show strongly regulated seasonal photosynthetic activity. Understanding the mechanisms behind seasonal modulation of photosynthesis is crucial for predicting how these forests will respond to changes in seasonal patterns and how this will affect their role in the terrestrial carbon cycle. We demonstrate that the two co-occurring dominant boreal conifers, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies), use contrasting mechanisms to reactivate photosynthesis in the spring. Scots pine downregulates its capacity for CO2 assimilation during winter and activates alternative electron sinks through accumulation of PGR5 and PGRL1 during early spring until the capacity for CO2 assimilation is recovered. In contrast, Norway spruce lacks this ability to actively switch between different electron sinks over the year and as a consequence suffers severe photooxidative damage during the critical spring period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Nicolás E Blanco
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
- Centre of Photosynthetic and Biochemical Studies (CEFOBI-CONICET), Faculty of Biochemical Science and Pharmacy, Rosario National University, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Carmen Hermida-Carrera
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nóra Lehotai
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vaughan Hurry
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Åsa Strand
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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Ma J, Wang P, Wang X, Xu Y, Paerl HW. Cyanobacteria in eutrophic waters benefit from rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:1144-1154. [PMID: 31466196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) may stimulate the proliferation of cyanobacteria. To investigate the possible physiological responses of cyanobacteria to elevated CO2 at different nutrient levels, Microcystis aeruginosa were exposed to different concentrations of CO2 (400, 1100, and 2200 ppm) under two nutrient regimes (i.e., in nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor media). The results indicated that M. aeruginosa differed in its responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 at different nutrient levels. The light utilization efficiency and photoprotection of photosystem II were improved by elevated CO2, particularly when cells were supplied with abundant nutrients. In nutrient-poor media, both total organic carbon and the polysaccharide/protein ratio of the extracellular polymeric substance increased with elevated CO2, accompanied by high cellular carbon/nitrogen ratios. Besides, cells growing with fewer nutrients were more prone to suffer intracellular acidification with elevated CO2 than those growing with abundant nutrients. Nonetheless, alkaline phosphate activity of cyanobacteria was improved by high CO2, provided that reduced pH was in the optimum range for alkaline phosphate activity. Nitrate reductase activity was inhibited by elevated CO2 regardless of nutrient levels, leading to a reduced nitrate uptake. These changes indicate that the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients would be affected by higher atmospheric CO2 conditions. Overall, cyanobacteria in eutrophic waters may benefit more than in oligotrophic waters from rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and evaluations of the influence of rising atmospheric CO2 on algae should account for the nutrient level of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, United States
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20
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Singh P, Singh AP, Tripathi SK, Kumar V, Sane AP. Petal abscission in roses is associated with the activation of a truncated version of the animal PDCD4 homologue, RbPCD1. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 288:110242. [PMID: 31521226 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Abscission is a developmental process that leads to shedding of organs not needed by the plant. Apart from wall hydrolysis, the cells of the abscission zone (AZ) are also believed to undergo programmed cell death (PCD). We show that ethylene-induced petal abscission in Rosa bourboniana is accompanied with the activation of RbPCD1 (PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH LIKE 1) encoding a protein of 78 amino acids. Its expression increases during natural and ethylene-induced petal abscission. Its transcription in most tissues is up-regulated by ethylene. RbPCD1 shows similarity to the N-terminal domain of animal PDCD4 (PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH PROTEIN 4) proteins that are activated during apoptosis and function as transcriptional and translational repressors. RbPCD1 resides in the nucleus and cytoplasm and acts as a transcriptional repressor. Constitutive expression of RbPCD1 in transgenic Arabidopsis is seedling lethal. Heat-induced expression of RbPCD1 under the soybean heat-shock promoter affects leaf function, inflorescence development, silique formation, seed yield and reduces survival. Nuclear localization of RbPCD1 is necessary for manifestation of its effects. RbPCD1 may be necessary to mediate some of the ethylene-induced changes during abscission and senescence in specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Singh
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Amar Pal Singh
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Siddharth Kaushal Tripathi
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Aniruddha P Sane
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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21
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Mazur R, Mostowska A, Szach J, Gieczewska K, Wójtowicz J, Bednarska K, Garstka M, Kowalewska Ł. Galactolipid deficiency disturbs spatial arrangement of the thylakoid network in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4689-4704. [PMID: 31087066 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast thylakoid network is a dynamic structure which, through possible rearrangements, plays a crucial role in regulation of photosynthesis. Although the importance of the main components of the thylakoid membrane matrix, galactolipids, in the formation of the network of internal plastid membrane was found before, the structural role of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosylidacylglycerol (DGDG) is still largely unknown. We elucidated detailed structural modifications of the thylakoid membrane system in Arabidopsis thaliana MGDG- and DGDG-deficient mutants. An altered MGDG/DGDG ratio was structurally reflected by formation of smaller grana, local changes in grana stacking repeat distance, and significant changes in the spatial organization of the thylakoid network compared with wild-type plants. The decrease of the MGDG level impaired the formation of the typical helical grana structure and resulted in a 'helical-dichotomic' arrangement. DGDG deficiency did not affect spatial grana organization but changed the shape of the thylakoid membrane network in situ from lens like into a flattened shape. Such structural disturbances were accompanied by altered composition of carotenoid and chlorophyll-protein complexes, which eventually led to the decreased photosynthetic efficiency of MGDG- and DGDG-deficient plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Szach
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gieczewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wójtowicz
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bednarska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Wu X, Shu S, Wang Y, Yuan R, Guo S. Exogenous putrescine alleviates photoinhibition caused by salt stress through cooperation with cyclic electron flow in cucumber. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 141:303-314. [PMID: 31004254 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When plants suffer from abiotic stresses, cyclic electron flow (CEF) is induced for photo-protection. Putrescine (Put), a primary polyamine in chloroplasts, plays a critical role in stress tolerance. However, the relationship between CEF and Put in chloroplasts for photo-protection is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Put-induced CEF for salt tolerance in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L). Treatment with 90 mM NaCl and/or Put did not influence the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), but the photoactivity of PSI was severely inhibited by NaCl. Salt stress induced a high level of CEF; moreover, plants treated with both NaCl and Put exhibited much higher CEF activity and ATP accumulation than those exhibited by single-salt-treated plants to provide an adequate ATP/NADPH ratio for plant growth. Furthermore, Put decreased the trans-membrane proton gradient (ΔpH), which was accompanied by reduced pH-dependent non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and an increased the effective quantum yield of PSII (Y(II)). The ratio of NADP+/NADPH increased significantly with Put in salt-stressed leaves compared with the ratio in leaves treated with NaCl, indicating that Put relieved over-reduction pressure at the PSI acceptor side caused by salt stress. Collectively, our results suggest that exogenous Put creates an excellent condition for CEF promotion: a large amount of pmf is predominantly stored as Δψ, resulting in moderate lumen pH and low NPQ, while maintaining high rates of ATP synthesis (high pmf).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian) Academy of Protected Horticulture, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruonan Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian) Academy of Protected Horticulture, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, China.
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Lu T, Yu H, Li Q, Chai L, Jiang W. Improving Plant Growth and Alleviating Photosynthetic Inhibition and Oxidative Stress From Low-Light Stress With Exogenous GR24 in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:490. [PMID: 31057589 PMCID: PMC6477451 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Low light (LL) is one of the main limiting factors that negatively affect tomato growth and yield. Techniques of chemical regulation are effective horticultural methods to improve stress resistance. Strigolactones (SLs), newly discovered phytohormones, are considered as important regulators of physiological responses. We investigated the effects of foliage spray of GR24, a synthesized SLs, on tomato seedlings grown under LL stress conditions. The results showed that application of GR24 effectively mitigated the inhibition of plant growth and increased the fresh and dry weight of tomato plants under LL. Additionally, GR24 also increased the chlorophyll content (Chla and Chlb), the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the photochemical efficiency of photosystem (PS) II (Fv/Fm), and the effective quantum yield of PSII and I [Y(II) and Y(I)], but decreased the excitation pressure of PSII (1-qP), the non-regulatory quantum yield of energy dissipation [Y(NO)] and the donor side limitation of PSI [Y(ND)] under LL. Moreover, application of GR24 to LL-stressed tomato leaves increased the electron transport rate of PSII and PSI [ETR(II) and ETR(I)], the ratio of the quantum yield of cyclic electron flow (CEF) to Y(II) [Y(CEF)/Y(II)], the oxidized plastoquinone (PQ) pool size and the non-photochemical quenching. Besides, GR24 application increased the activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, but it reduced malonaldehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in LL-stressed plants. These results suggest that exogenous application of GR24 enhances plant tolerance to LL by promoting plant utilization of light energy to alleviate the photosystem injuries induced by excess light energy and ROS, and enhancing photosynthesis efficiency to improve plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Weijie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Analysis of Light-Induced Changes in the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) in Leaves of Pea, Wheat, and Pumpkin Using Pulses of Green-Yellow Measuring Light. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11070810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) is a widely used spectral index which can show stress-induced changes in photosynthesis (e.g., increase of the nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ)). The artificial illumination of plants improves the efficiency of estimation of photosynthetic processes on the basis of PRI measurements. However, the simultaneous activity of different light sources with different locations can disturb the measurement of PRI. Using pulses of a green-yellow measuring light can potentially solve this problem. The aim of the present work was to investigate the possibility of using green-yellow light pulses for the investigation of light-induced changes in PRI in higher plants (pea, wheat, and pumpkin) and for the analysis of connection between PRI and the energy-dependent component of NPQ (NPQF). First, we showed that using green-yellow light pulses eliminated shifts of reflected light, which were connected with the application of a red actinic light. Second, analysis of light dependences of NPQF, the absolute value of PRI, and changes in PRI (the difference between the PRI under the actinic light and the initial value of PRI without this light, ΔPRI) showed that the dynamics of the increase of NPQF and the decrease of PRI and ΔPRI were similar. Changes in NPQF and ΔPRI were found to be significant. In contrast, changes in the absolute value of PRI were not significant in most of the variants of the experiments. Third, scatter plots between NPQF and ΔPRI showed similar linear correlations for investigated species; moreover, a total set of experimental points (for pea, wheat, and pumpkin) were also described by the same linear regression. Thus, our results show that (i) pulses of green-yellow measuring light can be used for measurements of PRI, and (ii) ΔPRI is a more effective indicator for the estimation of NPQ than the absolute value of PRI.
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25
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Mathur S, Tomar RS, Jajoo A. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) protects photosynthetic apparatus of wheat under drought stress. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:227-238. [PMID: 29982909 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress (DS) is amongst one of the abiotic factors affecting plant growth by limiting productivity of crops by inhibiting photosynthesis. Damage due to DS and its protection by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was studied on photosynthetic apparatus of wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants in pot experiments. DS was maintained by limiting irrigation to the drought stressed (DS) and AMF + DS plants. Relative Water content (RWC) was measured for leaf as well as soil to ensure drought conditions. DS plants had minimum RWC for both leaf and soil. AMF plants showed increased RWC both for leaf and soil indicating that AMF hyphae penetrated deep into the soil and provided moisture to the plants. In Chl a fluorescence induction curve (OJIP), a declined J-I and I-P phase was observed in DS plants. Efficacy of primary photochemistry declined in DS plants as result of DS, while AMF plants showed maximum photochemistry. DS leads to declined quantum efficiency of PSI and PSII in DS plants while it was restored in AMF + DS plants. Electron transport (ETRI and ETRII) decreased while quantum yield of non-photochemical quenching Y(NPQ) increased as a result of drought stress. CEF around PSI increased in DS-stressed plants. Efficient PSI complexes decreased in DS plants while in case of AMF plants PSI complexes were able to perform PSI photochemistry significantly. Thus, it is concluded that drought stress-induced damage to the structure and function of PSII and PSI was alleviated by AMF colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Mathur
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, 452017, India
| | - Rupal Singh Tomar
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, 452017, India
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, 452017, India.
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26
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Sato R, Kawashima R, Trinh MDL, Nakano M, Nagai T, Masuda S. Significance of PGR5-dependent cyclic electron flow for optimizing the rate of ATP synthesis and consumption in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:359-365. [PMID: 29916043 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The proton motive force (PMF) across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane that is generated by electron transport during photosynthesis is the driving force for ATP synthesis in plants. The PMF mainly arises from the oxidation of water in photosystem II and from electron transfer within the cytochrome b6f complex. There are two electron transfer pathways related to PMF formation: linear electron flow and cyclic electron flow. Proton gradient regulation 5 (PGR5) is a major component of the cyclic electron flow pathway, and the Arabidopsis pgr5 mutant shows a substantial reduction in the PMF. How the PGR5-dependent cyclic electron flow contributes to ATP synthesis has not, however, been fully delineated. In this study, we monitored in vivo ATP levels in Arabidopsis chloroplasts in real time using a genetically encoded bioluminescence-based ATP indicator, Nano-lantern(ATP1). The increase in ATP in the chloroplast stroma of pgr5 leaves upon illumination with actinic light was significantly slower than in wild type, and the decrease in ATP levels when this illumination stopped was significantly faster in pgr5 leaves than in wild type. These results indicated that PGR5-dependent cyclic electron flow around photosystem I helps to sustain the rate of ATP synthesis, which is important for growth under fluctuating light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Sato
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Rinya Kawashima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Mai Duy Luu Trinh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Center for Biological Resources & Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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27
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Poór P, Borbély P, Czékus Z, Takács Z, Ördög A, Popović B, Tari I. Comparison of changes in water status and photosynthetic parameters in wild type and abscisic acid-deficient sitiens mutant of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Rheinlands Ruhm) exposed to sublethal and lethal salt stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 232:130-140. [PMID: 30537600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many salt stress-related processes of plants such as water balance, osmotic stress tolerance and photosynthesis. In this study we investigated the responses of wild type (WT) and the ABA-deficient sitiens mutant of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Rheinlands Ruhm) to sublethal and lethal salt stress elicited by 100 mM and 250 mM NaCl, respectively. Sitiens mutants displayed much higher decrease in water potential, stomatal conductance and net CO2 assimilation rate under high salinity, especially at lethal salt stress, than the WT. However, ABA deficiency in sitiens caused more severe osmotic stress and more moderate ionic stress, higher K+/Na+ ratio, in leaf tissues of plants exposed to salt stress. The higher salt concentration caused irreversible damage to Photosystem II (PSII) reaction centres, severe reduction in the linear photosynthetic electron transport rate and in the effective quantum yields of PSII and PSI in sitiens plants. The cyclic electron transport (CET) around PSI, which is an effective defence mechanism against the damage caused by photoinhibition in PSI, decreased in sitiens mutants, while WT plants were able to increase CET under salt stress. This suggests that the activation of CET needs active ABA synthesis and/or signalling. In spite of ABA deficiency, proline accumulation could alleviate the stress injury at sublethal salt stress in the mutants but its accumulation was not sufficient at lethal salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Péter Borbély
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Biological Doctoral School, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zalán Czékus
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Biological Doctoral School, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Takács
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Boris Popović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Irma Tari
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
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28
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Determeyer-Wiedmann N, Sadowsky A, Convey P, Ott S. Physiological life history strategies of photobionts of lichen species from Antarctic and moderate European habitats in response to stressful conditions. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Yang YJ, Zhang SB, Huang W. Chloroplastic ATP Synthase Alleviates Photoinhibition of Photosystem I in Tobacco Illuminated at Chilling Temperature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1648. [PMID: 30487806 PMCID: PMC6246715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplastic ATP synthase plays a significant role in the regulation of proton motive force (pmf) and proton gradient (ΔpH) across the thylakoid membranes. However, the regulation of chloroplastic ATP synthase at chilling temperature and its role in photoprotection are little known. In our present study, we examined the chlorophyll fluorescence, P700 signal, and electrochromic shift signal at 25°C, and 6°C in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun). Although photosynthetic electron flow through both PSI and PSII were severely inhibited at 6°C, non-photochemical quenching and P700 oxidation ratio were largely increased. During the photosynthetic induction under high light, the formation of pmf at 6°C was similar to that at 25°C. However, the ΔpH was significantly higher at 6°C, owing to the decreased activity of chloroplastic ATP synthase (g H +). During illumination at 6°C and high light, a high ΔpH made PSI to be highly oxidized, preventing PSI from photoinhibition. These results indicate that the down-regulation of g H + is critical to the buildup of ΔpH at low temperature, adjusting the redox state of PSI, and thus preventing photodamage to PSI. Our findings highlight the importance of chloroplastic ATP synthase in photoprotection at chilling temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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30
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Huang W, Suorsa M, Zhang SB. In vivo regulation of thylakoid proton motive force in immature leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 138:207-218. [PMID: 30056561 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In chloroplast, proton motive force (pmf) is critical for ATP synthesis and photoprotection. To prevent photoinhibition of photosynthetic apparatus, proton gradient (ΔpH) across the thylakoid membranes needs to be built up to minimize the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in thylakoid membranes. However, the regulation of thylakoid pmf in immature leaves is little known. In this study, we compared photosynthetic electron sinks, P700 redox state, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and electrochromic shift (ECS) signal in immature and mature leaves of a cultivar of Camellia. The immature leaves displayed lower linear electron flow and cyclic electron flow, but higher levels of NPQ and P700 oxidation ratio under high light. Meanwhile, we found that pmf and ΔpH were higher in the immature leaves. Furthermore, the immature leaves showed significantly lower thylakoid proton conductivity than mature leaves. These results strongly indicated that immature leaves can build up enough ΔpH by modulating proton efflux from the lumenal side to the stromal side of thylakoid membranes, which is essential to prevent photoinhibition via thermal energy dissipation and photosynthetic control of electron transfer. This study highlights that the activity of chloroplast ATP synthase is a key safety valve for photoprotection in immature leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | | | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
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31
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Ferroni L, Giovanardi M, Poggioli M, Baldisserotto C, Pancaldi S. Enhanced photosynthetic linear electron flow in mixotrophic green microalga Ettlia oleoabundans UTEX 1185. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:215-223. [PMID: 30014925 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Basic understanding of the photosynthetic physiology of the oleaginous green microalga Ettlia oleoabundans is still very limited, including the modulation of the photosynthetic membrane upon metabolism conversion from autotrophy to mixotrophy. It was previously reported that, upon glucose supply in the culture medium, E. oleoabundans preserves photosystem II (PSII) from degradation by virtue of a higher packing of thylakoid complexes. In this work, it was investigated whether in the mixotrophic exponential growth phase the PSII activity is merely preserved or even enhanced. Modulated fluorescence parameters were then recorded under short-term treatments with increasing irradiance values of white light. It was found that the mixotrophic microalga down-regulated the chlororespiratory electron recycling from photosystem I (PSI), but enhanced the linear electron flow from PSII to PSI. Ability to keep PSII more open than in autotrophic growth conditions indicated that the respiration of the glucose taken up from the medium fed the carbon fixing reactions with CO2. The overall electron poise was indeed well regulated, with a lesser need for thermal dissipation of excess absorbed energy. It is proposed that the significant, though small, increase in PSII maximum quantum yield in mixotrophic cells just reflects an improved light energy use and an increased photochemical capacity as compared to the autotrophic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Giovanardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Poggioli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Costanza Baldisserotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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32
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Potential of Photochemical Reflectance Index for Indicating Photochemistry and Light Use Efficiency in Leaves of European Beech and Norway Spruce Trees. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10081202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperspectral reflectance is becoming more frequently used for measuring the functions and productivity of ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate the potential of the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) for evaluating physiological status of plants. This is needed because the reasons for variation in PRI and its relationships to physiological traits remain poorly understood. We examined the relationships between PRI and photosynthetic parameters in evergreen Norway spruce and deciduous European beech grown in controlled conditions during several consecutive periods of 10–12 days between which the irradiance and air temperature were changed stepwise. These regime changes induced significant changes in foliar biochemistry and physiology. The responses of PRI corresponded particularly to alterations in the actual quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (ΦPSII). Acclimation responses of both species led to loss of PRI sensitivity to light use efficiency (LUE). The procedure of measuring PRI at multiple irradiance-temperature conditions has been designed also for testing accuracy of ΔPRI in estimating LUE. A correction mechanism of subtracting daily measured PRI from early morning PRI has been performed to account for differences in photosynthetic pigments between irradiance-temperature regimes. Introducing ΔPRI, which provided a better estimate of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) compared to PRI, also improved the accuracy of LUE estimation. Furthermore, ΔPRI was able to detect the effect of drought, which is poorly observable from PRI.
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33
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Huang W, Tikkanen M, Zhang SB. Photoinhibition of photosystem I in Nephrolepis falciformis depends on reactive oxygen species generated in the chloroplast stroma. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:129-140. [PMID: 29357086 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We studied how high light causes photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) in the shade-demanding fern Nephrolepis falciformis, in an attempt to understand the mechanism of PSI photoinhibition under natural field conditions. Intact leaves were treated with constant high light and fluctuating light. Detached leaves were treated with constant high light in the presence and absence of methyl viologen (MV). Chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 signal were determined to estimate photoinhibition. PSI was highly oxidized under high light before treatments. N. falciformis showed significantly stronger photoinhibition of PSI and PSII under constant high light than fluctuating light. These results suggest that high levels of P700 oxidation ratio cannot prevent PSI photoinhibition under high light in N. falciformis. Furthermore, photoinhibition of PSI in N. falciformis was largely accelerated in the presence of MV that promotes the production of superoxide anion radicals in the chloroplast stroma by accepting electrons from PSI. From these results, we propose that photoinhibition of PSI in N. falciformis is mainly caused by superoxide radicals generated in the chloroplast stroma, which is different from the mechanism of PSI photoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana and spinach. Here, we provide some new insights into the PSI photoinhibition under natural field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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34
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Lu T, Shi JW, Sun ZP, Qi MF, Liu YF, Li TL. Response of linear and cyclic electron flux to moderate high temperature and high light stress in tomato. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 18:635-648. [PMID: 28681588 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible photoprotection mechanisms of cyclic and linear electron flux (CEF and LEF) under specific high temperature and high light (HH) stress. METHODS Six-leaf-stage tomato seedlings ("Liaoyuanduoli", n=160) were divided into four parts: Part 1, served as control under 25 °C, 500 µmol/(m2·s); Part 2, spayed with distilled water (H2O) under 35 °C, 1000 µmol/(m2·s) (HH); Part 3, spayed with 100 µmol/L diuron (DCMU, CEF inhibitor) under HH; Part 4, spayed with 60 µmol/L methyl viologen (MV, LEF inhibitor) under HH. Energy conversion, photosystem I (PSI), and PSII activity, and trans-thylakoid membrane proton motive force were monitored during the treatment of 5 d and of the recovering 10 d. RESULTS HH decreased photochemical reaction dissipation (P) and the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), and increased the excitation energy distribution coefficient of PSII (β); DCMU and MV aggravated the partition imbalance of the excitation energy (γ) and the photoinhibition degree. With prolonged DCMU treatment time, electron transport rate and quantum efficiency of PSI (ETRI and YI) significantly decreased whereas acceptor and donor side limitation of PSI (YNA and YND) increased. MV led to a significant decline and accession of yield of regulated and non-regulated energy YNPQ and YNO, respectively. Membrane integrity and ATPase activity were reduced by HH stress, and DCMU and MV enhanced inhibitory actions. CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of CEF and LEF were mediated to a certain degree by meliorations in energy absorption and distribution as well as by maintenance of thylakoid membrane integrity and ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jie-Wei Shi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhou-Ping Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ming-Fang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yu-Feng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tian-Lai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang 110866, China
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Huang W, Zhang SB, Liu T. Moderate Photoinhibition of Photosystem II Significantly Affects Linear Electron Flow in the Shade-Demanding Plant Panax notoginseng. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:637. [PMID: 29868090 PMCID: PMC5962726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) frequently occurs under natural growing conditions, knowledge about the effect of moderate photoinhibition on linear electron flow (LEF) remains controversial. Furthermore, mechanisms underlying the decrease in LEF upon PSII photoinhibition are not well clarified. We examined how selective PSII photoinhibition influenced LEF in the attached leaves of shade-demanding plant Panax notoginseng. After leaves were exposed to a high level of light (2258 μmol photons m-2 s-1) for 30 and 60 min, the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) decreased by 17 and 23%, respectively, whereas the maximum photo-oxidizable P700 (Pm) remained stable. Therefore, this species displayed selective PSII photodamage under strong illumination. After these treatments, LEF was significantly decreased under all light levels but acidification of the thylakoid lumen changed only slightly. Furthermore, the decrease in LEF under low light was positively correlated with the extent of PSII photoinhibition. Thus, the decline in LEF was not caused by the enhancement of lumenal acidification, but was induced by a decrease in PSII activity. These results indicate that residual PSII activity is an important determinant of LEF in this shade-adapted species, and they provide new insight into how strong illumination affects the growth of shade-demanding plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Liu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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36
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Zhang L, Hoshika Y, Carrari E, Burkey KO, Paoletti E. Protecting the photosynthetic performance of snap bean under free air ozone exposure. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 66:31-40. [PMID: 29628099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a major air pollutant and causes serious injury to vegetation. To protect sensitive plants from O3 damage, several agrochemicals have been assessed, including cytokinin (e.g., kinetin, KIN) and ethylenediurea (EDU) with cytokinin-like activity. In higher plant, leaves are primarily injured by O3 and protective agrochemicals are often applied by leaf spraying. To our knowledge, the mitigating abilities of EDU and KIN have not been compared directly in a realistic setup. In the present research, impacts of elevated O3 (2× ambient O3, 24hr per day, for 8days) on an O3 sensitive line (S156) of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), which is often used for biomonitoring O3 pollution, were studied in a free air controlled exposure system. The day before starting the O3 exposure, plants were sprayed with a solution of EDU (300ppm), KIN (1mmol/L) or distilled water, to compare their protective abilities. The results demonstrated that 2× ambient O3 inhibited net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, increased the minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state, decreased the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, and led to visible injury. KIN and EDU alleviated the reduction of the photosynthetic performance, and visible injury under O3 fumigation. The plants sprayed with EDU showed greater ability to mitigate the O3 damage than those sprayed with KIN. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging may have detected more precisely the differences in O3 response across the leaf than the conventional fluorometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Florence, Italy.
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
| | - Kent O Burkey
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
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Huang W, Yang YJ, Zhang SB, Liu T. Cyclic Electron Flow around Photosystem I Promotes ATP Synthesis Possibly Helping the Rapid Repair of Photodamaged Photosystem II at Low Light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:239. [PMID: 29535751 PMCID: PMC5834426 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, moderate photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) leads to a stimulation of cyclic electron flow (CEF) at low light, which is accompanied by an increase in the P700 oxidation ratio. However, the specific role of CEF stimulation at low light is not well known. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying this increase in P700 oxidation ratio at low light is unclear. To address these questions, intact leaves of the shade-adapted plant Panax notoginseng were treated at 2258 μmol photons m-2 s-1 for 30 min to induce PSII photoinhibition. Before and after this high-light treatment, PSI and PSII activity, the energy quenching in PSII, the redox state of PSI and proton motive force (pmf) at a low light of 54 μmol photons m-2 s-1 were determined at the steady state. After high-light treatment, electron flow through PSII (ETRII) significantly decreased but CEF was remarkably stimulated. The P700 oxidation ratio significantly increased but non-photochemical quenching changed negligibly. Concomitantly, the total pmf decreased significantly and the proton gradient (ΔpH) across the thylakoid membrane remained stable. Furthermore, the P700 oxidation ratio was negatively correlated with the value of ETRII. These results suggest that upon PSII photoinhibition, CEF is stimulated to increase the ATP synthesis, facilitating the rapid repair of photodamaged PSII. The increase in P700 oxidation ratio at low light cannot be explained by the change in pmf, but is primarily controlled by electron transfer from PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Urban L, Aarrouf J, Bidel LPR. Assessing the Effects of Water Deficit on Photosynthesis Using Parameters Derived from Measurements of Leaf Gas Exchange and of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2068. [PMID: 29312367 PMCID: PMC5735977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit (WD) is expected to increase in intensity, frequency and duration in many parts of the world as a consequence of global change, with potential negative effects on plant gas exchange and growth. We review here the parameters that can be derived from measurements made on leaves, in the field, and that can be used to assess the effects of WD on the components of plant photosynthetic rate, including stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, photosynthetic capacity, light absorbance, and efficiency of absorbed light conversion into photosynthetic electron transport. We also review some of the parameters related to dissipation of excess energy and to rerouting of electron fluxes. Our focus is mainly on the techniques of gas exchange measurements and of measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF), either alone or combined. But we put also emphasis on some of the parameters derived from analysis of the induction phase of maximal ChlF, notably because they could be used to assess damage to photosystem II. Eventually we briefly present the non-destructive methods based on the ChlF excitation ratio method which can be used to evaluate non-destructively leaf contents in anthocyanins and flavonols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Urban
- UMR 95 Qualisud/Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Jawad Aarrouf
- UMR 95 Qualisud/Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
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Yang YJ, Chang W, Huang W, Zhang SB, Hu H. The effects of chilling-light stress on photosystems I and II in three Paphiopedilum species. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2017; 58:53. [PMID: 29177684 PMCID: PMC5702284 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low temperatures pose a critical limitation to the physiology and survival of chilling-sensitive plants. One example is the genus Paphiopedilum (Orchidaceae), which is mainly native to tropical and subtropical areas from Asia to the Pacific islands. However, little is known about the physiological mechanism(s) underlying its sensitivity to chilling temperature. We examined how chilling-light stress influences the activities of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) in three species: P. armeniacum, P. micranthum, and P. purpuratum. All originate from different distribution zones that cover a range of temperatures. RESULTS Photosystem II of three Paphiopedilum species was remarkable sensitivity to chilling stress. After 8 h chilling stress, the maximum quantum yield of PSII of three species of Paphiopedilum was significantly decreased, especially in P. purpuratum. The quantity of efficient PSI complex (P m ) value did not significantly differ after 8 h chilling treatment compared to the original value in three species. The stronger PSII photoinhibition and significantly less capacity for cyclic electron flow (CEF) were observed in P. purpuratum. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the three species of Paphiopedilum showed significant PSII photoinhibition when exposed to 4 °C chilling treatment. However, their PSI activities were not susceptible to chilling-light stress during 8 h. The CEF was important for the photoprotection of PSI and PSII in P. armeniacum and P. micranthum under chilling conditions. Our findings suggested that the photosynthetic characteristics of Paphiopedilum were well adapted to their habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
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Tomar RS, Jajoo A. PSI becomes more tolerant to fluoranthene through the initiation of cyclic electron flow. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:978-984. [PMID: 32480626 DOI: 10.1071/fp17121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) poses a potential ecological risk to photosynthetic organisms. In the present study, the toxic effects of fluoranthene (FLT) on the energy conversion of PSI and PSII in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants were studied. By evaluating the performance of both PSI and PSII, which act as an internal environmental sensor, it was revealed that activity of both photosystems was negatively affected by FLT treatment. However, the quantum yield of PSII, Y(II), was reduced at 5µM FLT, whereas the quantum yield of PSI, Y(I), significantly decreased at 25µM FLT. The decline in Y(II) was accompanied by an increase in nonregulated energy dissipation, Y(NO). The decrease in Y(I) induced by FLT was caused by donor-side, and acceptor side limitation of PSI. Cyclic electron flow (CEF) was activated only at higher concentrations and was associated with the inhibition of linear electron flow (LEF) after exposure to a higher concentration of FLT. The inhibition of LEF and induction of CEF seems to be essential for the tolerance of PSI to FLT toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Singh Tomar
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, M.P. India
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, M.P. India
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Lima DAD, Müller C, Costa AC, Batista PF, Dalvi VC, Domingos M. Morphoanatomical and physiological changes in Bauhinia variegata L. as indicators of herbicide diuron action. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 141:242-250. [PMID: 28359990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of the herbicide diuron has compromised surrounding uncultivated areas, resulting in acute and/or chronic damage to non-target plants. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate physiological and morphoanatomical responses in Bauhinia variegata L. plants to different doses of diuron. Seedlings of 90-day-old B. variegata were transplanted into 10liter pots. After an acclimation period (about 30 days), treatments consisting of different diuron doses were applied: 0 (control), 400, 800, 1600, and 2400g ai ha-1. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a 5×5 factorial scheme with five doses of diuron five evaluation times, and five replicates per treatment. Anatomical and physiological injuries were observed in leaves of Bauhina variegata 10h after diuron application. Disruption of waxes was observed on both sides of the leaves of plants exposed since the lowest dose. Plasmolysis in cells were observed in treated leaves; more severe damage was observed in plants exposed to higher doses, resulting in rupture of epidermis. The diuron herbicide also caused gradual reduction in the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence variables. Among the morphoanatomical and physiological variables analyzed, the non-invasive ones (e.g., ETR, YII, and Fv/Fm) may be used as biomarkers of diuron action in association with visible symptoms. In addition, changes in leaf blade waxes and chlorophyll parenchyma damage may also be considered additional leaf biomarkers of diuron herbicide action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dêmily Andrômeda de Lima
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Müller
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil.
| | - Alan Carlos Costa
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Ferreira Batista
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil.
| | - Valdnéa Casagrande Dalvi
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil.
| | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil; Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Huang W, Yang YJ, Zhang JL, Hu H, Zhang SB. Superoxide generated in the chloroplast stroma causes photoinhibition of photosystem I in the shade-establishing tree species Psychotria henryi. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 132:293-303. [PMID: 28432538 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies indicated that high light induced significant photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) in the shade-establishing tree species Psychotria henryi. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully clarified. In the present study, in order to investigate the mechanism of PSI photoinhibition in P. henryi, we treated detached leaves with constant high light in the presence of methyl viologen (MV) or a soluble α-tocopherol analog, 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol (PMC). We found that MV significantly depressed photochemical quantum yields in PSI and PSII when compared to PMC. On condition that no PSI photoinhibition happened, although cyclic electron flow (CEF) was abolished in the MV-treated samples, P700 oxidation ratio was maintain at higher levels than the PMC-treated samples. In the presence of PMC, PSI photoinhibition little changed but PSII photoinhibition was significantly alleviated. Importantly, PSI photoinhibition was largely accelerated in the presence of MV, which stimulates the production of superoxide and subsequently other reactive oxygen species at the chloroplast stroma by accepting electrons from PSI. Furthermore, MV largely aggravated PSII photoinhibition when compared to control. These results suggest that high P700 oxidation ratio cannot prevent PSI photoinhibition in P. henryi. Furthermore, the superoxide produced in the chloroplast stroma is critical for PSI photoinhibition in the higher plant P. henryi, which is opposite to the mechanism underlying PSI photoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana and spinach. These findings highlight a new mechanism of PSI photoinhibition in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Huang W, Yang YJ, Zhang SB. Specific roles of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in photosynthetic regulation in immature and mature leaves. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 209:76-83. [PMID: 28013173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I (PSI) is essential for photosynthesis in mature leaves. However, the physiological roles of CEF in immature leaves are little known. Here, we measured the PSI and PSII activities, light response changes in PSI and PSII energy quenching for immature and mature leaves of Erythrophleum guineense grown under full sunlight. Comparing with the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), the immature leaves had much lower values of the maximum photo-oxidizable P700 (Pm) than the mature leaves, suggesting the unsynchronized development of PSI and PSII activities. Furthermore, the immature leaves displayed significantly lower capacities for the photosynthetic electron flow through PSII (ETRII) and CEF. However, when exposed to high light, the immature leaves displayed higher levels of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and P700 oxidation ration [Y(ND)] than mature leaves. Under high light, the similar NPQ values were accompanied with much lower CEF activity in the immature leaves. These results suggest that, in immature leaves, CEF primarily contributes to photoprotection for PSI and PSII via acidification of thylakoid lumen. By comparison, in mature leaves, a large fraction of CEF-dependent generation of ΔpH contributes to ATP synthesis and a relative small proportion favors photoprotection via lumen acidification. These findings highlight the specific roles of CEF in photosynthetic regulation in immature and mature leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
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Lu T, Meng Z, Zhang G, Qi M, Sun Z, Liu Y, Li T. Sub-high Temperature and High Light Intensity Induced Irreversible Inhibition on Photosynthesis System of Tomato Plant ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:365. [PMID: 28360922 PMCID: PMC5352666 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
High temperature and high light intensity is a common environment posing a great risk to organisms. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of sub-high temperature and high light intensity stress (HH, 35°C, 1000 μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1) and recovery on the photosynthetic mechanism, photoinhibiton of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), and reactive oxygen (ROS) metabolism of tomato seedlings. The results showed that with prolonged stress time, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), Rubisco activity, maximal photochemistry efficiency (Fv/Fm), efficient quantum yield and electron transport of PSII [Y(II) and ETR(II)] and PSI [Y(I) and ETR(I)] decreased significantly whereas yield of non-regulated and regulated energy dissipation of PSII [Y(NO) and Y(NPQ)] increased sharply. The donor side limitation of PSI [Y(ND)] increased but the acceptor side limitation of PSI [Y(NA)] decreased. Content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were increased while activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were significantly inhibited compared with control. HH exposure affected photosynthetic carbon assimilation, multiple sites in PSII and PSI, ROS accumulation and elimination of Solanum lycopersicum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
| | - Zhaojuan Meng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
| | - Guoxian Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
| | - Zhouping Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yufeng Liu, Tianlai Li,
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yufeng Liu, Tianlai Li,
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Li L, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Liu J. Comparison of heat resistance and application potential of two lipid-rich Isochrysis galbana strains. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bartolomé MC, Cortés AA, Sánchez-Fortún A, Garnica-Romo MG, Sánchez-Carrillo S, Sánchez-Fortún S. Morphological and physiological changes exhibited by a Cd-resistant Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides strain and its cadmium removal capacity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:1171-1177. [PMID: 27222159 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1189400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Changes induced on freshwater microalga Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides (Dc(wt)) acclimated in the laboratory until their survival in culture media enriched with cadmium 100 µM have been studied. Cadmium removal by living cells of this Cd-resistant (Dc(CdR100)) strain was tested in cultures exposed to 100 µM Cd during 30 days. Cell dimensions were measured under light microscopy, and cell growth was studied. Photosynthetic yield (ΦPSII) was analyzed and the photosynthetic oxygen development and respiration response was obtained. Results show that Dc(CdR100) strain exhibited significant cell morphology changes in comparison to Dc(wt) cells, which affected both surface area and cell biovolume. Malthusian fitness analysis showed that Dc(CdR100) strain living in Cd-enriched culture had developed a lower capacity of nearly 50% growth, and its photosynthetic oxygen development and respiration response were significantly reduced in both light and dark photosynthetic phases. Dc(CdR100) strain showed a very high capacity to remove cadmium from the aquatic environment (over 90%), although most of the removed heavy metal (≈70%) is adhered to the cell wall. These specific characteristics of Dc(CdR100) cells suggest the possibility of using this strain in conjunction with Dc(wt) strain as bioelements into a dual-head biosensor, and in bioremediation processes on freshwater polluted with Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bartolomé
- a School of Chemistry-Pharmacobiology, Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo University , Morelia , Mexico
| | - A A Cortés
- a School of Chemistry-Pharmacobiology, Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo University , Morelia , Mexico
| | - A Sánchez-Fortún
- b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - M G Garnica-Romo
- c Faculty of Civil Engineering, Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo University , Morelia , Mexico
| | - S Sánchez-Carrillo
- d Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute of Natural Resources , Madrid , Spain
| | - Sebastián Sánchez-Fortún
- b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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Huang W, Yang YJ, Hu H, Zhang SB. Responses of Photosystem I Compared with Photosystem II to Fluctuating Light in the Shade-Establishing Tropical Tree Species Psychotria henryi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1549. [PMID: 27799937 PMCID: PMC5065958 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Shade-establishing plants growing in the forest understory are exposed to constant high light or fluctuating light when gaps are created by fallen trees. Our previous studies indicate that photosystem I (PSI) is sensitive to constant high light in shade-establishing tree species, however, the effects of fluctuating light on PSI and photosystem II (PSII) in shade-establishing species are little known. In the present study, we examined the responses of PSI and PSII to fluctuating light in comparison to constant high light in the shade-establishing species Psychotria henryi. Accompanying with significant activation of cyclic electron flow (CEF), the P700 oxidation ratio was maintained at high levels when exposed to strong light either under fluctuating light or constant high light. Under moderate fluctuating light, PSI and PSII activities were remained stable in P. henryi. Interestingly, PSI was insusceptible to fluctuating light but sensitive to constant high light in P. henryi. Furthermore, both PSI and PSII were more sensitive to constant high light than fluctuating light. These results suggest that CEF is essential for photoprotection of PSI under fluctuating light in P. henryi. Furthermore, photoinhibition of PSI under high light in P. henryi is more related to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species rather than to P700 redox state, which is different from the mechanisms of PSI photoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. Taking together, PSI is a key determiner of photosynthetic responses to fluctuating light and constant high light in the shade-establishing species P. henryi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesYunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
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Huang W, Yang YJ, Hu H, Cao KF, Zhang SB. Sustained Diurnal Stimulation of Cyclic Electron Flow in Two Tropical Tree Species Erythrophleum guineense and Khaya ivorensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1068. [PMID: 27486473 PMCID: PMC4950474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The photosystem II (PSII) activity of C3 plants is usually inhibited at noon associated with high light but can be repaired fast in the afternoon. However, the diurnal variation of photosystem I (PSI) activity is unknown. Although, cyclic electron flow (CEF) has been documented as an important mechanism for photosynthesis, the diurnal variation of CEF in sun leaves is little known. We determined the diurnal changes in PSI and PSII activities, light energy dissipation in PSII and the P700 redox state in two tropical tree species Erythrophleum guineense and Khaya ivorensis grown in an open field. The PSI activity (as indicated by the maximum quantity of photo-oxidizable P700) was maintained stable during the daytime. CEF was strongly activated under high light at noon, accompanying with high levels of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and PSI oxidation ratio. In the afternoon, CEF was maintained at a relatively high level under low light, which was accompanied with low levels of NPQ and P700 oxidation ratio. These results indicated that CEF was flexibly modulated during daytime under fluctuating light conditions. Under high light at noon, CEF-dependent generation of proton gradient across the thylakoid membranes (ΔpH) mainly contributed to photoprotection for PSI and PSII. By comparison, at low light in the afternoon, the CEF-dependent formation of ΔpH may be important for PSII repair via an additional ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of Sciences, KunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of Sciences, KunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of Sciences, KunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden – Chinese Academy of SciencesMengla, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of Sciences, KunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming, China
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Huang W, Yang YJ, Zhang JL, Hu H, Zhang SB. PSI photoinhibition is more related to electron transfer from PSII to PSI rather than PSI redox state in Psychotria rubra. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 129:85-92. [PMID: 27236700 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been believed that wild-type plants are capable of protecting photosystem I (PSI) under high light, our previous study indicates that PSI is sensitive to high light in the shade-established tree species Psychotria rubra. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we examined the roles of electron transfer from PSII to PSI and PSI redox state in PSI photoinhibition in P. rubra by treatments with lincomycin (Lin), diuron (DCMU), and methyl viologen (MV). After exposure to 2000 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1) for 2 h, PSI activity decreased by 35, 29, 3, and 49 % in samples treated with H2O, Lin, DCMU, and MV, respectively. Meanwhile, the MV-treated samples showed higher P700 oxidation ratio than the H2O-treated samples, suggesting the PSI photoinhibition under high light was accompanied by high levels of P700 oxidation ratio. PSI photoinhibition was alleviated in the DCMU-treated samples but was accelerated in the MV-treated samples, suggesting that PSI photoinhibition in P. rubra was mainly controlled by electron transfer from PSII to PSI. Taking together, PSI photoinhibition is more related to electron transfer from PSII to PSI rather than PSI redox state in P. rubra, which is different from the mechanisms of PSI photoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana and cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Tu W, Li Y, Liu W, Wu L, Xie X, Zhang Y, Wilhelm C, Yang C. Spring Ephemerals Adapt to Extremely High Light Conditions via an Unusual Stabilization of Photosystem II. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1189. [PMID: 26779223 PMCID: PMC4702278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ephemerals, widely distributed in the Gobi desert, have developed significant characteristics to sustain high photosynthetic efficiency under high light (HL) conditions. Since the light reaction is the basis for photosynthetic conversion of solar energy to chemical energy, the photosynthetic performances in thylakoid membrane of the spring ephemerals in response to HL were studied. Three plant species, namely two C3 spring ephemeral species of Cruciferae: Arabidopsis pumila (A. pumila) and Sisymbrium altissimum (S. altissimum), and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) were chosen for the study. The ephemeral A. pumila, which is genetically close to A. thaliana and ecologically in the same habitat as S. altissimum, was used to avoid complications arising from the superficial differences resulted from comparing plants from two extremely contrasting ecological groups. The findings manifested that the ephemerals showed significantly enhanced activities of photosystem (PS) II under HL conditions, while the activities of PSII in A. thaliana were markedly decreased under the same conditions. Detailed analyses of the electron transport processes revealed that the increased plastoquinone pool oxidization, together with the enhanced PSI activities, ensured a lowered excitation pressure to PSII of both ephemerals, and thus facilitated the photosynthetic control to avoid photodamage to PSII. The analysis of the reaction centers of the PSs, both in terms of D1 protein turnover kinetics and the long-term adaptation, revealed that the unusually stable PSs structure provided the basis for the ephemerals to carry out high photosynthetic performances. It is proposed that the characteristic photosynthetic performances of ephemerals were resulted from effects of the long-term adaptation to the harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Lishuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi, China
| | - Christian Wilhelm
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Chunhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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