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Mi H, Zhou Q, Li G, Tao Y, Wang A, Wang P, Yang T, Zhu J, Li Y, Wei C, Liu S. Molecular responses reveal that two glutathione S-transferase CsGSTU8s contribute to detoxification of glyphosate in tea plants (Camellia sinensis). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134304. [PMID: 39084443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is an important economical crop that frequently suffers from various herbicides, especially glyphosate. However, the molecular responses and regulatory mechanisms of glyphosate stress in tea plants remain poorly understood. Here, we reported a transcriptome dataset and identified large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under glyphosate exposure. Next, two glutathione S-transferase genes (CsGSTU8-1 and CsGSTU8-2) that upregulated significantly were screened as candidate genes. Tissue-specific expression patterns showed that both CsGSTU8-1 and CsGSTU8-2 had extremely high expression levels in the roots and were predominantly localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane based on subcellular localization. Both were significantly upregulated at different time points under various stressors, including drought, cold, salt, pathogen infections, and SA treatments. An enzymatic activity assay showed that CsGSTU8-1 catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (CDNB). Functional analysis in yeast verified that the two genes significantly contributed to the detoxification of glyphosate, and CsGSTU8-1 had a stronger role in detoxification than CsGSTU8-2. Taken together, these findings provide insights into the molecular responses of tea plants to glyphosate and the functions of CsGSTU8s in glyphosate detoxification, which can be used as a promising genetic resource for improving herbicide resistance in tea cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Aoni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China.
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Cheng L, Tu G, Ma H, Zhang K, Wang X, Zhou H, Gao J, Zhou J, Yu Y, Xu Q. Alternative splicing of CsbHLH133 regulates geraniol biosynthesis in tea plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39207906 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Geraniol is one of the most abundant aromatic compounds in fresh tea leaves and contributes to the pleasant odor of tea products. Additionally, it functions as an airborne signal that interacts with other members of the ecosystem. To date, the regulation of the geraniol biosynthesis in tea plants remains to be investigated. In this study, a correlation test of the content of geraniol and its glycosides with gene expression data revealed that nudix hydrolase, CsNudix26, and its transcription factor, CsbHLH133 are involved in geraniol biosynthesis. In vitro enzyme assays and metabolic analyses of genetically modified tea plants confirmed that CsNudix26 is responsible for the formation of geraniol. Yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase reporter, and EMSA assays were used to verify the binding of CsbHLH133 to the CsNudix26 promoter. Overexpression of CsbHLH133 in tea leaves enhanced CsNudix26 expression and geraniol accumulation, whereas CsbHLH133 silencing reduced CsNudix26 transcript levels and geraniol content. Interestingly, CsbHLH133-AS, produced by alternative splicing, was discovered and proved to be the primary transcript expressed in response to various environmental stresses. Furthermore, geraniol release was found to be affected by various factors that alter the expression patterns of CsbHLH133 and CsbHLH133-AS. Our findings indicate that distinct transcript splicing patterns of CsbHLH133 regulate geraniol biosynthesis in tea plants in response to different regulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gefei Tu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huicong Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Keyi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haozhe Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingwen Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Youben Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingshan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Xu Z, Xiao Y, Guo J, Lv Z, Chen W. Relevance and regulation of alternative splicing in plant secondary metabolism: current understanding and future directions. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae173. [PMID: 39135731 PMCID: PMC11317897 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The secondary metabolism of plants is an essential life process enabling organisms to navigate various stages of plant development and cope with ever-changing environmental stresses. Secondary metabolites, abundantly found in nature, possess significant medicinal value. Among the regulatory mechanisms governing these metabolic processes, alternative splicing stands out as a widely observed post-transcriptional mechanism present in multicellular organisms. It facilitates the generation of multiple mRNA transcripts from a single gene by selecting different splicing sites. Selective splicing events in plants are widely induced by various signals, including external environmental stress and hormone signals. These events ultimately regulate the secondary metabolic processes and the accumulation of essential secondary metabolites in plants by influencing the synthesis of primary metabolites, hormone metabolism, biomass accumulation, and capillary density. Simultaneously, alternative splicing plays a crucial role in enhancing protein diversity and the abundance of the transcriptome. This paper provides a summary of the factors inducing alternative splicing events in plants and systematically describes the progress in regulating alternative splicing with respect to different secondary metabolites, including terpenoid, phenolic compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds. Such elucidation offers critical foundational insights for understanding the role of alternative splicing in regulating plant metabolism and presents novel avenues and perspectives for bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinlin Guo
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611103, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611103, China
| | - Zongyou Lv
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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Yu J, Li J, Lin Z, Zhu Y, Feng Z, Ni D, Zeng S, Zeng X, Wang Y, Ning J, Zhang L, Wan X, Zhai X. Dynamic changes and the effects of key procedures on the characteristic aroma compounds of Lu'an Guapian green tea during the manufacturing process. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114525. [PMID: 38823888 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
As a kind of green tea with unique multiple baking processes, the flavor code of Lu'an Guapian (LAGP) has recently been revealed. To improve and stabilize the quality of LAGP, further insight into the dynamic changes in odorants during the whole processing is required. In this study, 50 odorants were identified in processing tea leaves, 14 of which were selected for absolute quantification to profile the effect of processes. The results showed that spreading is crucial for key aroma generation and accumulation, while these odorants undergo significant changes at the deep baking stage. By adjusting the conditions of the spreading and deep baking, it was found that low-temperature (4 °C) spreading for 6 h and low-temperature with long-time baking (final leaf temperature: 102 °C, 45 min) could improve the overall aroma quality. These results provide a new direction for enhancing the quality of LAGP green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Agricultural and Forestry Characteristics Industry in Dabie Mountain Area, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jingzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Xuehong Zeng
- Huiliu Tea Industrial Co., Limited, Lu'an 237000, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jingming Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Agricultural and Forestry Characteristics Industry in Dabie Mountain Area, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Xiaoting Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Agricultural and Forestry Characteristics Industry in Dabie Mountain Area, Hefei 230036, China.
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Li D, Zhang H, Zhou Q, Tao Y, Wang S, Wang P, Wang A, Wei C, Liu S. The Laccase Family Gene CsLAC37 Participates in Resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Infection in Tea Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:884. [PMID: 38592904 PMCID: PMC10975366 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Fungal attacks have become a major obstacle in tea plantations. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of the most devastating fungal pathogens in tea plantations that can severely affect tea yield and quality. However, the molecular mechanism of resistance genes involved in anthracnose is still largely unknown in tea plants. Here, we found that the laccase gene CsLAC37 was involved in the response to fungal infection based on a transcriptome analysis. The full-length CDS of CsLAC37 was cloned, and its protein sequence had the closest relationship with the Arabidopsis AtLAC15 protein compared to other AtLACs. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that CsLAC37 had higher expression levels in mature leaves and stems than in the other tissues. Subcellular localization showed that the CsLAC37 protein was predominantly localized in the cell membrane. The expression levels of CsLAC37 were upregulated at different time points under cold, salt, SA, and ABA treatments. qRT-PCR confirmed that CsLAC37 responded to both Pestalotiopsis-like species and C. gloeosporioides infections. Functional validation showed that the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content increased significantly, and POD activity decreased in leaves after antisense oligonucleotide (AsODN) treatment compared to the controls. The results demonstrated that CsLAC37 may play an important role in resistance to anthracnose, and the findings provide a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding of tea varieties with resistance to fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.T.); (P.W.); (A.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Hongxiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.T.); (P.W.); (A.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.T.); (P.W.); (A.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Yongning Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.T.); (P.W.); (A.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Pengke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.T.); (P.W.); (A.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Aoni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.T.); (P.W.); (A.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.T.); (P.W.); (A.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.T.); (P.W.); (A.W.); (C.W.)
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Liu G, Wang Q, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhou X, Bao D, Wang N, Sun J, Huang F, Yang M, Zhang H, Yan P, Li X, Shi J, Fu J. Plant-derived monoterpene S-linalool and β-ocimene generated by CsLIS and CsOCS-SCZ are key chemical cues for attracting parasitoid wasps for suppressing Ectropis obliqua infestation in Camellia sinensis L. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:913-927. [PMID: 38168880 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Insect-induced plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may function as either direct defence molecules to deter insects or indirect defence signals to attract the natural enemies of the invading insects. Tea (Camellia sinensis L.), an important leaf-based beverage crop, is mainly infested by Ectropis obliqua which causes the most serious damage. Here, we report a mechanistic investigation of tea plant-derived VOCs in an indirect defence mechanism against E. obliqua. Parasitoid wasp Parapanteles hyposidrae, a natural enemy of E. obliqua, showed strong electrophysiological response and selection behaviour towards S-linalool and β-ocimene, two monoterpenes with elevated emission from E. obliqua-damaged tea plants. Larvae frass of E. obliqua, which also released S-linalool and β-ocimene, was found to attract both mated female or male Pa. hyposidrae according to gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection and Y-tube olfactometer assays. In a field setting, both S-linalool and β-ocimene were effective in recruiting both female and male Pa. hyposidrae wasps. To understand the molecular mechanism of monoterpenes-mediated indirect defence in tea plants, two novel monoterpene synthase genes, CsLIS and CsOCS-SCZ, involved in the biosynthesis of S-linalool or β-ocimene, respectively, were identified and biochemically characterised. When the expression of these two genes in tea plants was inhibited by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, both volatile emission and attraction of wasps were reduced. Furthermore, gene expression analysis suggested that the expression of CsLIS and CsOCS-SCZ is regulated by the jasmonic acid signalling pathway in the tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogui Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Demeng Bao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nuo Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuyin Huang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Fu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang G, Wei J, Li L, Cui D. Lipidomics, transcription analysis, and hormone profiling unveil the role of CsLOX6 in MeJA biosynthesis during black tea processing. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae032. [PMID: 38544550 PMCID: PMC10967689 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Jasmonates, such as jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), are crucial aspect of black tea quality. However, lipids species, hormones, and genes regulated mechanism in the jasmonate biosynthesis during black tea processing are lacking. In this study, we employed lipidomics, hormone metabolism analysis, and transcriptome profiling of genes associated with the MeJA biosynthesis pathway to investigate these factors. The contents of lipids GLs, PLs, and TAG are decreased, accompanied by the main lipids species reduced during black tea processing. Galactolipids, primarily 34:3/36:6/36:3 DGDG and 36:6/36:5/36:4 MGDG, are transformed into massive MeJA and JA in black tea processing, accompanied by the decreased SA, MeSA, IAA, and BA and increased zeatin. Additionally, the transcriptional activity of the primary genes in MeJA biosynthesis pathway exhibited downregulated trends except for AOS and OPR and non-primary genes tend to be a little high or have fluctuation of expression. Coordinated expression of main CsHPL (TEA008699), CsAOS (TEA001041), and CsJMT (TEA015791) control the flow of lipids degradation and MeJA production. A strong infected reduction of a key lipoxygenase gene, CsLOX6 (TEA009423), in tea buds significantly reduced the level of jasmonates and expression of downstream genes, accompanied by SA, MeSA level rising, and ABA declining. We have identified a key CsLOX6, as well as established galactolipids, mainly 34:3/36:6/36:3 DGDG and 36:6/36:5/36:4 MGDG, sources for MeJA biosynthesis regulated by dynamics hormone and controlled by coordinated expressed CsHPL (TEA008699), CsAOS (TEA001041), and CsJMT (TEA015791). Our findings provide a theoretical basis for breeding high-quality black tea and offer valuable insights for improving processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Linyan Li
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dandan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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8
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Zhang X, Yu Y, Zhang J, Qian X, Li X, Sun X. Recent Progress Regarding Jasmonates in Tea Plants: Biosynthesis, Signaling, and Function in Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1079. [PMID: 38256153 PMCID: PMC10816084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tea plants have to adapt to frequently challenging environments due to their sessile lifestyle and perennial evergreen nature. Jasmonates regulate not only tea plants' responses to biotic stresses, including herbivore attack and pathogen infection, but also tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as extreme weather conditions and osmotic stress. In this review, we summarize recent progress about jasmonaic acid (JA) biosynthesis and signaling pathways, as well as the underlying mechanisms mediated by jasmontes in tea plants in responses to biotic stresses and abiotic stresses. This review provides a reference for future research on the JA signaling pathway in terms of its regulation against various stresses of tea plants. Due to the lack of a genetic transformation system, the JA pathway of tea plants is still in the preliminary stages. It is necessary to perform further efforts to identify new components involved in the JA regulatory pathway through the combination of genetic and biochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yongchen Yu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xiaona Qian
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xiwang Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
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Shen J, Wang X, Song H, Wang M, Niu T, Lei H, Qin C, Liu A. Physiology and transcriptomics highlight the underlying mechanism of sunflower responses to drought stress and rehydration. iScience 2023; 26:108112. [PMID: 37860690 PMCID: PMC10583116 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought can adversely influence the crop growth and production. Accordingly, sunflowers have strong adaptability to drought; hence, we conducted analyses for sunflower seedlings with drought stress and rehydration drought acclimation through physiological measurements and transcriptomics. It showed that drought can cause the accumulation of ROS and enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmolytes. After rehydration, the contents of ROS and MDA were significantly reduced concomitant with increased antioxidant activity and osmotic adjustment. Totally, 2,589 DEGs were identified among treatments. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly involved in plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Comparison between differentially spliced genes and DEGs indicated that bHLH025, NAC53, and SINAT3 may be pivotal genes involved in sunflower drought resistance. Our results not only highlight the underlying mechanism of drought stress and rehydration in sunflower but also provide a theoretical basis for crop genetic breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Huifang Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Tianzeng Niu
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Haiying Lei
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Ake Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
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10
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Fang C, Hamilton JP, Vaillancourt B, Wang YW, Wood JC, Deans NC, Scroggs T, Carlton L, Mailloux K, Douches DS, Nadakuduti SS, Jiang J, Buell CR. Cold stress induces differential gene expression of retained homeologs in Camelina sativa cv Suneson. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1271625. [PMID: 38034564 PMCID: PMC10687638 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1271625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, a member of the Brassicaceae, has potential as a biofuel feedstock which is attributable to the production of fatty acids in its seeds, its fast growth cycle, and low input requirements. While a genome assembly is available for camelina, it was generated from short sequence reads and is thus highly fragmented in nature. Using long read sequences, we generated a chromosome-scale, highly contiguous genome assembly (644,491,969 bp) for the spring biotype cultivar 'Suneson' with an N50 contig length of 12,031,512 bp and a scaffold N50 length of 32,184,682 bp. Annotation of protein-coding genes revealed 91,877 genes that encode 133,355 gene models. We identified a total of 4,467 genes that were significantly up-regulated under cold stress which were enriched in gene ontology terms associated with "response to cold" and "response to abiotic stress". Coexpression analyses revealed multiple coexpression modules that were enriched in genes differentially expressed following cold stress that had putative functions involved in stress adaptation, specifically within the plastid. With access to a highly contiguous genome assembly, comparative analyses with Arabidopsis thaliana revealed 23,625 A. thaliana genes syntenic with 45,453 Suneson genes. Of these, 24,960 Suneson genes were syntenic to 8,320 A. thaliana genes reflecting a 3 camelina homeolog to 1 Arabidopsis gene relationship and retention of all three homeologs. Some of the retained triplicated homeologs showed conserved gene expression patterns under control and cold-stressed conditions whereas other triplicated homeologs displayed diverged expression patterns revealing sub- and neo-functionalization of the homeologs at the transcription level. Access to the chromosome-scale assembly of Suneson will enable both basic and applied research efforts in the improvement of camelina as a sustainable biofuel feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - John P. Hamilton
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Brieanne Vaillancourt
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Joshua C. Wood
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Natalie C. Deans
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Taylor Scroggs
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Lemor Carlton
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kathrine Mailloux
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - David S. Douches
- Department of Plant, Soil & Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Satya Swathi Nadakuduti
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jiming Jiang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - C. Robin Buell
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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11
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Dong W, Jiao B, Wang J, Sun L, Li S, Wu Z, Gao J, Zhou S. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Lipoxygenase Genes in Rose ( Rosa chinensis). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1957. [PMID: 37895306 PMCID: PMC10606720 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOX) play pivotal roles in plant resistance to stresses. However, no study has been conducted on LOX gene identification at the whole genome scale in rose (Rosa chinensis). In this study, a total of 17 RcLOX members were identified in the rose genome. The members could be classified into three groups: 9-LOX, Type I 13-LOX, and Type II 13-LOX. Similar gene structures and protein domains can be found in RcLOX members. The RcLOX genes were spread among all seven chromosomes, with unbalanced distributions, and several tandem and proximal duplication events were found among RcLOX members. Expressions of the RcLOX genes were tissue-specific, while every RcLOX gene could be detected in at least one tissue. The expression levels of most RcLOX genes could be up-regulated by aphid infestation, suggesting potential roles in aphid resistance. Our study offers a systematic analysis of the RcLOX genes in rose, providing useful information not only for further gene cloning and functional exploration but also for the study of aphid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Songshuo Li
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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12
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Hu F, Zhang Y, Guo J. Identification and characterization of lipoxygenase (LOX) genes involved in abiotic stresses in yellow horn. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292898. [PMID: 37831731 PMCID: PMC10575502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenase (LOX) gene plays an essential role in plant growth, development, and stress response. 15 LOX genes were identified, which were unevenly distributed on chromosomes and divided into three subclasses in this study. In promoter region analysis, many cis-elements were identified in growth and development, abiotic stress response, hormonal response, and light response. qRT-PCR showed that the LOX gene showed tissue specificity in seven tissues, especially XsLOX1, 3, and 7 were relatively highly expressed in roots, stems, and axillary buds. The different expression patterns of LOX genes in response to abiotic stress and hormone treatment indicate that different XsLOX genes have different reactions to these stresses and play diversified roles. This study improves our understanding of the mechanism of LOX regulation in plant growth, development, and stress and lays a foundation for further analysis of biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- The College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Oil Tree Cultivation and Research, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinping Guo
- The College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Oil Tree Cultivation and Research, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
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13
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Jiang H, Zhang M, Yu F, Li X, Jin J, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Jing T, Wan X, Schwab W, Song C. A geraniol synthase regulates plant defense via alternative splicing in tea plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad184. [PMID: 37885816 PMCID: PMC10599320 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Geraniol is an important contributor to the pleasant floral scent of tea products and one of the most abundant aroma compounds in tea plants; however, its biosynthesis and physiological function in response to stress in tea plants remain unclear. The proteins encoded by the full-length terpene synthase (CsTPS1) and its alternative splicing isoform (CsTPS1-AS) could catalyze the formation of geraniol when GPP was used as a substrate in vitro, whereas the expression of CsTPS1-AS was only significantly induced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Neopestalotiopsis sp. infection. Silencing of CsTPS1 and CsTPS1-AS resulted in a significant decrease of geraniol content in tea plants. The geraniol content and disease resistance of tea plants were compared when CsTPS1 and CsTPS1-AS were silenced. Down-regulation of the expression of CsTPS1-AS reduced the accumulation of geraniol, and the silenced tea plants exhibited greater susceptibility to pathogen infection than control plants. However, there was no significant difference observed in the geraniol content and pathogen resistance between CsTPS1-silenced plants and control plants in the tea plants infected with two pathogens. Further analysis showed that silencing of CsTPS1-AS led to a decrease in the expression of the defense-related genes PR1 and PR2 and SA pathway-related genes in tea plants, which increased the susceptibility of tea plants to pathogens infections. Both in vitro and in vivo results indicated that CsTPS1 is involved in the regulation of geraniol formation and plant defense via alternative splicing in tea plants. The results of this study provide new insights into geraniol biosynthesis and highlight the role of monoterpene synthases in modulating plant disease resistance via alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jieyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Youjia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
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14
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Jin J, Zhao M, Jing T, Zhang M, Lu M, Yu G, Wang J, Guo D, Pan Y, Hoffmann TD, Schwab W, Song C. Volatile compound-mediated plant-plant interactions under stress with the tea plant as a model. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad143. [PMID: 37691961 PMCID: PMC10483893 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to environmental stimuli via the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and neighboring plants constantly monitor and respond to these VOCs with great sensitivity and discrimination. This sensing can trigger increased plant fitness and reduce future plant damage through the priming of their own defenses. The defense mechanism in neighboring plants can either be induced by activation of the regulatory or transcriptional machinery, or it can be delayed by the absorption and storage of VOCs for the generation of an appropriate response later. Despite much research, many key questions remain on the role of VOCs in interplant communication and plant fitness. Here we review recent research on the VOCs induced by biotic (i.e. insects and pathogens) and abiotic (i.e. cold, drought, and salt) stresses, and elucidate the biosynthesis of stress-induced VOCs in tea plants. Our focus is on the role of stress-induced VOCs in complex ecological environments. Particularly, the roles of VOCs under abiotic stress are highlighted. Finally, we discuss pertinent questions and future research directions for advancing our understanding of plant interactions via VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guomeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Danyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Timothy D Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
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15
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Liu S, Rao J, Zhu J, Li G, Li F, Zhang H, Tao L, Zhou Q, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Huang K, Wei C. Integrated physiological, metabolite and proteomic analysis reveal the glyphosate stress response mechanism in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131419. [PMID: 37099910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate residues can tremendously impact the physiological mechanisms of tea plants, thus threatening tea security and human health. Herein, integrated physiological, metabolite, and proteomic analyses were performed to reveal the glyphosate stress response mechanism in tea plant. After exposure to glyphosate (≥1.25 kg ae/ha), the leaf ultrastructure was damaged, and chlorophyll content and relative fluorescence intensity decreased significantly. The characteristic metabolites catechins and theanine decreased significantly, and the 18 volatile compounds content varied significantly under glyphosate treatments. Subsequently, tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics was employed to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and to validate their biological functions at the proteome level. A total of 6287 proteins were identified and 326 DEPs were screened. These DEPs were mainly catalytic, binding, transporter and antioxidant active proteins, involved in photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, sugar and energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and stress/defense/detoxification pathway, etc. A total of 22 DEPs were validated by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), demonstrating that the protein abundances were consistent between TMT and PRM data. These findings contribute to our understanding of the damage of glyphosate to tea leaves and molecular mechanism underlying the response of tea plants to glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Youze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Fayaz M, Kundan M, Gani U, Sharma P, Wajid MA, Katoch K, Babu V, Gairola S, Misra P. Identification of Lipoxygenase gene repertoire of Cannabis sativa and functional characterization of CsLOX13 gene. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023:111780. [PMID: 37390920 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes play a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of oxylipins. The phyto-oxilipins have been implicated in diverse aspects of plant biology, from regulating plant growth and development to providing tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. C. sativa is renowned for its bioactive secondary metabolites, namely cannabinoids. LOX route is assumed to be involved in the biosynthesis of hexanoic acid, which is one of the precursors of cannabinoids of C. sativa. For obvious reasons, the LOX gene family deserves thorough investigation in the C. sativa. Genome-wide analysis revealed the presence of 21 LOX genes in C. sativa, which can be further grouped into 13-LOX and 9-LOX depending upon their phylogeny as well as the enzyme activity. The promoter regions of the CsLOX genes were predicted to contain cis-acting elements involved in phytohormones responsiveness and stress response. The qRT-PCR-based expression analysis of 21 LOX genes revealed their differential expression in different plant parts (root, stem, young leaf, mature leaf, sugar leaf, and female flower). The majority of CsLOX genes displayed preferential expression in the female flower, which is the primary site for the biosynthesis of cannabinoids. The highest LOX activity and expression level of a jasmonate marker gene were reported in the female flowers among all the plant parts. Several CsLOX genes were found to be upregulated by MeJA treatment. Based on the transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and the development of stable Nicotiana tabacum transgenic lines, we demonstrate that CsLOX13 encodes functional lipoxygenase and play an important role in the biosynthesis of oxylipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fayaz
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Maridul Kundan
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
| | - Umar Gani
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Mir Abdul Wajid
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Kajal Katoch
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Vikash Babu
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Sumeet Gairola
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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17
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An Y, Mi X, Xia X, Qiao D, Yu S, Zheng H, Jing T, Zhang F. Genome-wide identification of the PYL gene family of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) revealed its expression profiles under different stress and tissues. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:362. [PMID: 37380940 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PYL (Pyrabactin resistance 1-like) protein is a receptor of abscisic acid (ABA), which plays an important role in ABA signaling and influences plant growth and development and stress response. However, studies on PYL gene family in tea plants have not been reported. RESULTS In this study, we identified 20 PYL genes from the reference genome of tea plant ('Shuchazao'). Phylogeny analysis indicated that PYLs from tea and other plant species were clustered into seven groups. The promoter region of PYL genes contains a large number of cis-elements related to hormones and stresses. A large number of PYL genes responding to stress were found by analyzing the expression levels of abiotic stress and biotic stress transcriptome data. For example, CSS0047272.1 were up-regulated by drought stress, and CSS0027597.1 could respond to both anthracnose disease and geometrid feeding treatments. In addition, 10 PYL genes related to growth and development were verified by RT-qPCR and their tissue expression characteristics were revealed. CONCLUSIONS Our results provided a comprehensive characteristic of the PYL gene family in tea plants and provided an important clue for further exploring its functions in the growth and development, and resistance to stress of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin An
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Luban Street, Renhuai, 564502, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozeng Mi
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jinxin Community, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dahe Qiao
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jinxin Community, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Shirui Yu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Luban Street, Renhuai, 564502, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Huayan Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Luban Street, Renhuai, 564502, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Luban Street, Renhuai, 564502, Guizhou, P.R. China.
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18
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Wu Z, Guo Z, Wang K, Wang R, Fang C. Comparative Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Role of OsHPL1 in the Cold-Induced Metabolic Changes in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2032. [PMID: 37653948 PMCID: PMC10221390 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP74) family members participate in the generation of oxylipins and play essential roles in plant adaptation. However, the metabolic reprogramming mediated by CYP74s under cold stress remains largely unexplored. Herein, we report how cold-triggered OsHPL1, a member of the CYP74 family, modulates rice metabolism. Cold stress significantly induced the expression of OsHPL1 and the accumulation of OPDA (12-oxo-phytodienoic acid) and jasmonates in the wild-type (WT) plants. The absence of OsHPL1 attenuates OPDA accumulation to a low temperature. Then, we performed a widely targeted metabolomics study covering 597 structurally annotated compounds. In the WT and hpl1 plants, cold stress remodeled the metabolism of lipids and amino acids. Although the WT and hpl1 mutants shared over one hundred cold-affected differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), some displayed distinct cold-responding patterns. Furthermore, we identified 114 and 56 cold-responding DAMs, specifically in the WT and hpl1 mutants. In conclusion, our work characterized cold-triggered metabolic rewiring and the metabolic role of OsHPL1 in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Zhiyu Guo
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Kemiao Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Chuanying Fang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
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19
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Han X, Li YH, Yao MH, Yao F, Wang ZL, Wang H, Li H. Transcriptomics Reveals the Effect of Short-Term Freezing on the Signal Transduction and Metabolism of Grapevine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043884. [PMID: 36835298 PMCID: PMC9965549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Low temperature is an important factor limiting plant growth. Most cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. are sensitive to low temperatures and are at risk of freezing injury or even plant death during winter. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of branches of dormant cv. Cabernet Sauvignon exposed to several low-temperature conditions to identify differentially expressed genes and determine their function based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)enrichment analyses. Our results indicated that exposure to subzero low temperatures resulted in damage to plant cell membranes and extravasation of intracellular electrolytes, and that this damage increased with decreasing temperature or increasing duration. The number of differential genes increased as the duration of stress increased, but most of the common differentially expressed genes reached their highest expression at 6 h of stress, indicating that 6 h may be a turning point for vines to tolerate extreme low temperatures. Several pathways play key roles in the response of Cabernet Sauvignon to low-temperature injury, namely: (1) the role of calcium/calmodulin-mediated signaling; (2) carbohydrate metabolism, including the hydrolysis of cell wall pectin and cellulose, decomposition of sucrose, synthesis of raffinose, and inhibition of glycolytic processes; (3) the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and metabolism of linolenic acid; and (4) the synthesis of secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids. In addition, pathogenesis-related protein may also play a role in plant cold resistance, but the mechanism is not yet clear. This study reveals possible pathways for the freezing response and leads to new insights into the molecular basis of the tolerance to low temperature in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Han
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yi-Han Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Mo-Han Yao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Fei Yao
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhi-Lei Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- China Wine Industry Technology Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (H.L.); Tel.: +86-029-8708-1099 (H.W.); +86-029-8708-2805 (H.L.)
| | - Hua Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- China Wine Industry Technology Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (H.L.); Tel.: +86-029-8708-1099 (H.W.); +86-029-8708-2805 (H.L.)
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20
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Wang Y, Samarina L, Mallano AI, Tong W, Xia E. Recent progress and perspectives on physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance of tea plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1145609. [PMID: 36866358 PMCID: PMC9971632 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1145609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tea is one of the most consumed and widely planted beverage plant worldwide, which contains many important economic, healthy, and cultural values. Low temperature inflicts serious damage to tea yields and quality. To cope with cold stress, tea plants have evolved a cascade of physiological and molecular mechanisms to rescue the metabolic disorders in plant cells caused by the cold stress; this includes physiological, biochemical changes and molecular regulation of genes and associated pathways. Understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying how tea plants perceive and respond to cold stress is of great significance to breed new varieties with improved quality and stress resistance. In this review, we summarized the putative cold signal sensors and molecular regulation of the CBF cascade pathway in cold acclimation. We also broadly reviewed the functions and potential regulation networks of 128 cold-responsive gene families of tea plants reported in the literature, including those particularly regulated by light, phytohormone, and glycometabolism. We discussed exogenous treatments, including ABA, MeJA, melatonin, GABA, spermidine and airborne nerolidol that have been reported as effective ways to improve cold resistance in tea plants. We also present perspectives and possible challenges for functional genomic studies on cold tolerance of tea plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lidia Samarina
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Ali Inayat Mallano
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Enhua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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21
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Camargo PO, Calzado NF, Budzinski IGF, Domingues DS. Genome-Wide Analysis of Lipoxygenase (LOX) Genes in Angiosperms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020398. [PMID: 36679110 PMCID: PMC9867167 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are enzymes that catalyze the addition of an oxygen molecule to unsaturated fatty acids, thus forming hydroperoxides. In plants, these enzymes are encoded by a multigene family found in several organs with varying activity patterns, by which they are classified as LOX9 or LOX13. They are involved in several physiological functions, such as growth, fruit development, and plant defense. Despite several studies on genes of the LOX family in plants, most studies are restricted to a single species or a few closely related species. This study aimed to analyze the diversity, evolution, and expression of LOX genes in angiosperm species. We identified 247 LOX genes among 23 species of angiosperms and basal plants. Phylogenetic analyses identified clades supporting LOX13 and two main clades for LOX9: LOX9_A and LOX9_B. Eudicot species such as Tarenaya hassleriana, Capsella rubella, and Arabidopsis thaliana did not present LOX9_B genes; however, LOX9_B was present in all monocots used in this study. We identified that there were potential new subcellular localization patterns and conserved residues of oxidation for LOX9 and LOX13 yet unexplored. In summary, our study provides a basis for the further functional and evolutionary study of lipoxygenases in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Oliveira Camargo
- Group of Genomics and Transcriptomes in Plants, Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Fermino Calzado
- Group of Genomics and Transcriptomes in Plants, Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ilara Gabriela Frasson Budzinski
- Group of Genomics and Transcriptomes in Plants, Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, USP, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Douglas Silva Domingues
- Group of Genomics and Transcriptomes in Plants, Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, USP, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil
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22
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Malyukova LS, Koninskaya NG, Orlov YL, Samarina LS. Effects of exogenous calcium on the drought response of the tea plant ( Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13997. [PMID: 36061747 PMCID: PMC9435517 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drought is one of the major factors reducing the yield of many crops worldwide, including the tea crop (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Calcium participates in most of cellular signaling processes, and its important role in stress detection and triggering a response has been shown in many crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of calcium on the tea plant response to drought. Methods Experiments were conducted using 3-year-old potted tea plants of the best local cultivar Kolkhida. Application of ammonium nitrate (control treatment) or calcium nitrate (Ca treatment) to the soil was performed before drought induction. Next, a 7-day drought was induced in both groups of plants. The following physiological parameters were measured: relative electrical conductivity, pH of cell sap, and concentrations of cations, sugars, and amino acids. In addition, relative expression levels of 40 stress-related and crop quality-related genes were analyzed. Results Under drought stress, leaf electrolyte leakage differed significantly, indicating greater damage to cell membranes in control plants than in Ca-treated plants. Calcium application resulted in greater pH of cell sap; higher accumulation of tyrosine, methionine, and valine; and a greater Mg2+ content as compared to control plants. Drought stress downregulated most of the quality-related genes in both groups of tea plants. By contrast, significant upregulation of some genes was observed, namely CRK45, NAC26, TPS11, LOX1, LOX6, Hydrolase22, DREB26, SWEET2, GS, ADC, DHN2, GOLS1, GOLS3, and RHL41. Among them, three genes (LOX1, RHL41, and GOLS1) showed 2-3 times greater expression in Ca-treated plants than in control plants. Based on these results, it can be speculated that calcium affects galactinol biosynthesis and participates in the regulation of stomatal aperture not only through activation of abscisic-acid signaling but also through jasmonic-acid pathway activation. These findings clarify calcium-mediated mechanisms of drought defense in tree crops. Thus, calcium improves the drought response in the tea tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila S. Malyukova
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Natalia G. Koninskaya
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Yuriy L. Orlov
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia,Digital Health Institute, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidiia S. Samarina
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia,Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
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23
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Qiao D, Tang M, Jin L, Mi X, Chen H, Zhu J, Liu S, Wei C. A monoterpene synthase gene cluster of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) potentially involved in constitutive and herbivore-induced terpene formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 184:1-13. [PMID: 35613521 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are the most abundant volatiles in tea plants and have dual functions in aroma quality formation and defense responses in tea plants. Terpene synthases (TPS) are the key enzymes for the synthesis of terpenes in plants; however, the functions of most of them in tea plants are still unknown. In this study, six putative terpene biosynthesis gene clusters were identified from the tea plant genome. Then we cloned three new TPS-b subfamily genes, CsTPS08, CsTPS10 and CsTPS58. In vitro enzyme assays showed that CsTPS08 and CsTPS58 are two multiple-product terpene synthases, with the former synthesizing linalool as the main product, and β-myrcene, α-phellandrene, α-terpinolene, D-limonene, cis-β-ocimene, trans-β-ocimene and (4E,6Z)-allo-ocimene as minor products are also detected, while the latter catalyzing the formation of α-pinene and D-limonene using GPP as the substrate. No product of CsTPS10 was detected in the prokaryotic expression system, but geraniol production was detected when transiently expressed in tobacco leaves. CsTPS08 and CsTPS10 are two functional members of a monoterpene synthase gene cluster, which were significantly induced during both Ectropis oblique feeding and fresh leaf spreading treatments, suggesting that they have dual functions involved in tea plant pest defense and tea aroma quality regulation. In addition, the differences in their expression levels in different tea plant cultivars provide a possibility for the subsequent screening of tea plant resources with a specific aroma flavor. Our results deepen the understanding of terpenoid synthesis in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahe Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jin'nong Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550006, China
| | - Mengsha Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xiaozeng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Hongrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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24
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Transcriptional Comparison of New Hybrid Progenies and Clone-Cultivars of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Associated to Catechins Content. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151972. [PMID: 35956452 PMCID: PMC9370121 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heterosis or hybrid vigor is the improved performance of a desirable quality in hybrid progeny. Hybridization between high-productive Assam type and high-quality Chinese type clone-cultivar is expected to develop elite tea plant progenies with high quality and productivity. Comparative transcriptomics analyses of leaves from the F1 hybrids and their parental clone-cultivars were conducted to explore molecular mechanisms related to catechin content using a high-throughput next-generation RNA-seq strategy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The content of EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) and C (catechin) was higher in ‘Kiara-8’ × ‘Sukoi’, ‘Tambi-2’ × ‘Suka Ati’, and ‘Tambi-2’ × ‘TRI-2025’ than the other hybrid and clone-cultivars. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and GO (Gene Ontology) analysis found that most pathways associated with catechins content were enriched. Significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly associated with phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and transcription factor (MYB, bHLH, LOB, and C2H2) pathways appeared to be responsible for the high accumulation of secondary metabolites in ‘Kiara-8’ × ‘Sukoi’, ‘Tambi-2’ × ‘Suka Ati’, and ‘Tambi-2’ × ‘TRI-2025’ as were detected in EGCG and catechin content. Several structural genes related to the above pathways have been obtained, which will be used as candidate genes in the screening of breeding materials.
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25
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Alternative Splicing and Its Roles in Plant Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137355. [PMID: 35806361 PMCID: PMC9266299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant metabolism, including primary metabolism such as tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, shikimate and amino acid pathways as well as specialized metabolism such as biosynthesis of phenolics, alkaloids and saponins, contributes to plant survival, growth, development and interactions with the environment. To this end, these metabolic processes are tightly and finely regulated transcriptionally, post-transcriptionally, translationally and post-translationally in response to different growth and developmental stages as well as the constantly changing environment. In this review, we summarize and describe the current knowledge of the regulation of plant metabolism by alternative splicing, a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that generates multiple protein isoforms from a single gene by using alternative splice sites during splicing. Numerous genes in plant metabolism have been shown to be alternatively spliced under different developmental stages and stress conditions. In particular, alternative splicing serves as a regulatory mechanism to fine-tune plant metabolism by altering biochemical activities, interaction and subcellular localization of proteins encoded by splice isoforms of various genes.
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26
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Li G, Xu D, Huang G, Bi Q, Yang M, Shen H, Liu H. Analysis of Whole-Transcriptome RNA-Seq Data Reveals the Involvement of Alternative Splicing in the Drought Response of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Front Genet 2022; 13:885651. [PMID: 35656323 PMCID: PMC9152209 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.885651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that increases protein diversity. There is growing evidence that AS plays an important role in regulating plant stress responses. However, the mechanism by which AS coordinates with transcriptional regulation to regulate the drought response in Glycyrrhiza uralensis remains unclear. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of AS events in G. uralensis at different time points under drought stress using a high-throughput RNA sequencing approach. We detected 2,479 and 2,764 AS events in the aerial parts (AP) and underground parts (UP), respectively, of drought-stressed G. uralensis. Of these, last exon AS and exon skipping were the main types of AS. Overall, 2,653 genes undergoing significant AS regulation were identified from the AP and UP of G. uralensis exposed to drought for 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. Gene Ontology analyses indicated that AS plays an important role in the regulation of nitrogen and protein metabolism in the drought response of G. uralensis. Notably, the spliceosomal pathway and basal transcription factor pathway were significantly enriched with differentially spliced genes under drought stress. Genes related to splicing regulators in the AP and UP of G. uralensis responded to drought stress and underwent AS under drought conditions. In summary, our data suggest that drought-responsive AS directly and indirectly regulates the drought response of G. uralensis. Further in-depth studies on the functions and mechanisms of AS during abiotic stresses will provide new strategies for improving plant stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Dengxian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Quan Bi
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Mao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hailiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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27
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Zhu J, Yan X, Liu S, Xia X, An Y, Xu Q, Zhao S, Liu L, Guo R, Zhang Z, Xie DY, Wei C. Alternative splicing of CsJAZ1 negatively regulates flavan-3-ol biosynthesis in tea plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:243-261. [PMID: 35043493 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavan-3-ols are abundant in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and confer tea with flavor and health benefits. We recently found that alternative splicing of genes is likely involved in the regulation of flavan-3-ol biosynthesis; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics to construct metabolite-gene networks in tea leaves, collected over five different months and from five spatial positions, and found positive correlations between endogenous jasmonic acid (JA), flavan-3-ols, and numerous transcripts. Transcriptome mining further identified CsJAZ1, which is negatively associated with flavan-3-ols formation and has three CsJAZ1 transcripts, one full-length (CsJAZ1-1), and two splice variants (CsJAZ1-2 and -3) that lacked 3' coding sequences, with CsJAZ1-3 also lacking the coding region for the Jas domain. Confocal microscopy showed that CsJAZ1-1 was localized to the nucleus, while CsJAZ1-2 and CsJAZ1-3 were present in both the nucleus and the cytosol. In the absence of JA, CsJAZ1-1 was bound to CsMYC2, a positive regulator of flavan-3-ol biosynthesis; CsJAZ1-2 functioned as an alternative enhancer of CsJAZ1-1 and an antagonist of CsJAZ1-1 in binding to CsMYC2; and CsJAZ1-3 did not interact with CsMYC2. In the presence of JA, CsJAZ1-3 interacted with CsJAZ1-1 and CsJAZ1-2 to form heterodimers that stabilized the CsJAZ1-1-CsMYC2 and CsJAZ1-2-CsMYC2 complexes, thereby repressing the transcription of four genes that act late in the flavan-3-ol biosynthetic pathway. These data indicate that the alternative splicing variants of CsJAZ1 coordinately regulate flavan-3-ol biosynthesis in the tea plant and improve our understanding of JA-mediated flavan-3-ol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin An
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Yu Xie
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Liu S, Guo L, Zhou Q, Jiang Z, Jin L, Zhu J, Xie H, Wei C. Identification and Functional Analysis of Two Alcohol Dehydrogenase Genes Involved in Catalyzing the Reduction of ( Z)-3-Hexenal into ( Z)-3-Hexenol in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1830-1839. [PMID: 35112571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is a vital enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway of six-carbon volatiles in plants. However, little is known about its functions in tea plants. Here, we identified two ADH genes (CsADH1 and CsADH2). An in vitro protein expression assay showed that both CsADH1 and CsADH2 proteins can catalyze the reduction of (Z)-3-hexenal into (Z)-3-hexenol. Subcellular localization revealed that both CsADH1 and CsADH2 proteins were predominantly localized in the nucleus and cytosol. CsADH1 had high transcripts in young stems in autumn, while CsADH2 showed extremely high expression levels in stems and roots. The expression of CsADH2 was mainly downregulated under ABA treatment, while CsADH1 and CsADH2 transcripts were significantly lower under MeJA treatment at 12 and 24 h. Under cold treatment, CsADH1 transcripts first decreased and then increased, while CsADH2 demonstrated an almost opposite expression pattern. Notably, CsADH2 was significantly upregulated under simulated Ectropis obliqua invasion. Gene suppression by antisense oligonucleotides (AsODNs) demonstrated that AsODN_ADH2 treatment significantly reduced CsADH2 transcripts and the abundance of (Z)-3-hexenol products. The results indicate that the two CsADH genes may play an important role in response to (a)biotic stresses and in the process of (Z)-3-hexenol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lingxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qiying Zhou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | | | - Ling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Ding YQ, Fan K, Wang Y, Fang WP, Zhu XJ, Chen L, Sun LT, Qiu C, Ding ZT. Drought and Heat Stress-Mediated Modulation of Alternative Splicing in the Genes Involved in Biosynthesis of Metabolites Related to Tea Quality. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mahadani P, Hazra A. Expression and splicing dynamics of WRKY family genes along physiological exigencies of tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of lipoxygenase gene family in banana. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9948. [PMID: 33976263 PMCID: PMC8113564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The LOX genes have been identified and characterized in many plant species, but studies on the banana LOX genes are very limited. In this study, we respectively identified 18 MaLOX, 11 MbLOX, and 12 MiLOX genes from the Musa acuminata, M. balbisiana and M. itinerans genome data, investigated their gene structures and characterized the physicochemical properties of their encoded proteins. Banana LOXs showed a preference for using and ending with G/C and their encoded proteins can be classified into 9-LOX, Type I 13-LOX and Type II 13-LOX subfamilies. The expansion of the MaLOXs might result from the combined actions of genome-wide, tandem, and segmental duplications. However, tandem and segmental duplications contribute to the expansion of MbLOXs. Transcriptome data based gene expression analysis showed that MaLOX1, 4, and 7 were highly expressed in fruit and their expression levels were significantly regulated by ethylene. And 11, 12 and 7 MaLOXs were found to be low temperature-, high temperature-, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense tropical race 4 (FocTR4)-responsive, respectively. MaLOX8, 9 and 13 are responsive to all the three stresses, MaLOX4 and MaLOX12 are high temperature- and FocTR4-responsive; MaLOX6 and MaLOX17 are significantly induced by low temperature and FocTR4; and the expression of MaLOX7 and MaLOX16 are only affected by high temperature. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the expression levels of several MaLOXs are regulated by MeJA and FocTR4, indicating that they can increase the resistance of banana by regulating the JA pathway. Additionally, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of MaLOXs revealed 3 models respectively for 5 (MaLOX7-11), 3 (MaLOX6, 13, and 17), and 1 (MaLOX12) MaLOX genes. Our findings can provide valuable information for the characterization, evolution, diversity and functionality of MaLOX, MbLOX and MiLOX genes and are helpful for understanding the roles of LOXs in banana growth and development and adaptations to different stresses.
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Zhang Y, Li P, She G, Xu Y, Peng A, Wan X, Zhao J. Molecular Basis of the Distinct Metabolic Features in Shoot Tips and Roots of Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis): Characterization of MYB Regulator for Root Theanine Synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3415-3429. [PMID: 33719427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The physiological and metabolic differences between shoot tips and roots of tea plants are significant, and understanding them is required for improvement of tea quality and plant growth. A high-quality full-length transcriptome sequencing on tea plant roots and shoot tips by PacBio SMRT technology was done to gain a further understanding. Approximately 160699 and 166120 full-length transcripts were recovered in roots and shoots, respectively, including 31232 and 41068 novel isoforms and 16960 and 26029 alternative splicing (AS) isoforms. These supported 21699 full-length reads and 31232 and 41068 novel transcripts from root and shoot, respectively, including 1679 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 2772 fusion transcripts, which significantly upgrade the Camellia sinensis genome annotation. The respective 6475 and 6981 transcripts in roots and shoots differ in 3'-untranslated regions. Meanwhile, extensive analyses of novel transcripts, ASs, and lncRNAs also revealed a large number of ASs and lincRNAs closely related to the regulation of characteristic secondary metabolites including catechins, theanine, and caffeine. Finally, a root-specific CsMYB6 was characterized to regulate theanine biosynthesis by genetic and molecular analyses. CsMYB6 directly bound to and activate the promoter of theanine synthetase gene (CsTSI). The study lays a foundation for the further investigation of metabolic genomics and regulation in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Penghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbiao She
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
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Samarina LS, Matskiv AO, Koninskaya NG, Simonyan TA, Malyarovskaya VI, Malyukova LS. [Comparative analysis of gene expression in tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) under low-temperature stress]. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 24:598-604. [PMID: 33659845 PMCID: PMC7716566 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Низкотемпературный стресс – один из главных факторов, ограничивающих распространение
и снижающих урожайность многих субтропических культур, в том числе и чая. Для эффективной селекции
чая на устойчивость к морозу необходимо выявить генетические особенности ответа на холод у устойчивых
генотипов и найти маркеры для определения доноров устойчивости в коллекциях. В настоящей работе про-
веден сравнительный анализ экспрессии 18 генов (ICE1, CBF1, DHN1, DHN2, DHN3, NAC17, NAC26, NAC30, bHLH7,
bHLH43, P5CS, WRKY2, LOX1, LOX6, LOX7, SnRK1.1, SnRK1.2, SnRK1.3), вовлеченных в абиотический стрессовый
ответ у двух контрастных по устойчивости генотипов чая в условиях холода и мороза. Низкотемператур-
ный стресс индуцировали путем помещения растений в холодильные камеры и снижением температуры
до 0…+2 °С на семь дней (холодовой стресс) с последующим снижением температуры до –4…–6 °С на пять
дней (промораживание). Кондуктометрическим методом измеряли электропроводность тканей листа, в ре-
зультате чего были подтверждены различия по признаку устойчивости у двух исследуемых генотипов чая:
холодовое воздействие не приводило к изменению электропроводности тканей листа, но после промора-
живания этот показатель возрастал в большей степени у неустойчивого генотипа. Методом qRT-PCR анализи-
ровали относительный уровень экспрессии генов на фоне референсного гена актина. При индукции стресса
показана повышенная экспрессия всех исследуемых генов. У устойчивого генотипа чая выявлен ряд генов,
более активно экспрессирующихся по сравнению с неустойчивым генотипом: ICE1, CBF1, DHN2, NAC17, NAC26,
bHLH43, WRKY2, P5CS, LOX6, SnRK1.1, SnRK1.3. Эти гены могут быть маркерами устойчивости для поиска доно-
ров в коллекциях геноресурсов. Показано, что у устойчивого генотипа чая экспрессия генов холодового от-
вета начинается уже на стадии акклиматизации. Для дальнейших исследований комплексной устойчивости
растений к низкотемпературному стрессу актуальным является изучение экспрессии этих генов в других
органах чайного растения (побегах, корнях) при разной силе низкотемпературного воздействия.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Samarina
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - A O Matskiv
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - N G Koninskaya
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - T A Simonyan
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - V I Malyarovskaya
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - L S Malyukova
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
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Wang G, Wang X, Zhang Y, Yang J, Li Z, Wu L, Wu J, Wu N, Liu L, Liu Z, Zhang M, Wu L, Zhang G, Ma Z. Dynamic characteristics and functional analysis provide new insights into long non-coding RNA responsive to Verticillium dahliae infection in Gossypium hirsutum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:68. [PMID: 33526028 PMCID: PMC7852192 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verticillium wilt is a widespread and destructive disease, which causes serious loss of cotton yield and quality. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in many biological processes, such as plant disease resistance response, through a variety of regulatory mechanisms, but their possible roles in cotton against Verticillium dahliae infection remain largely unclear. RESULTS Here, we measured the transcriptome of resistant G. hirsutum following infection by V. dahliae and 4277 differentially expressed lncRNAs (delncRNAs) were identified. Localization and abundance analysis revealed that delncRNAs were biased distribution on chromosomes. We explored the dynamic characteristics of disease resistance related lncRNAs in chromosome distribution, induced expression profiles, biological function, and these lncRNAs were divided into three categories according to their induced expression profiles. For the delncRNAs, 687 cis-acting pairs and 14,600 trans-acting pairs of lncRNA-mRNA were identified, which indicated that trans-acting was the main way of Verticillium wilt resistance-associated lncRNAs regulating target mRNAs in cotton. Analyzing the regulation pattern of delncRNAs revealed that cis-acting and trans-acting lncRNAs had different ways to influence target genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that the regulatory function of delncRNAs participated significantly in stimulus response process, kinase activity and plasma membrane components. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that delncRNAs participated in some important disease resistance pathways, such as plant-pathogen interaction, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction. Additionally, 21 delncRNAs and 10 target genes were identified as being involved in alpha-linolenic acid metabolism associated with the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA). Subsequently, we found that GhlncLOX3 might regulate resistance to V. dahliae through modulating the expression of GhLOX3 implicated in JA biosynthesis. Further functional analysis showed that GhlncLOX3-silenced seedlings displayed a reduced resistance to V. dahliae, with down-regulated expression of GhLOX3 and decreased content of JA. CONCLUSION This study shows the dynamic characteristics of delncRNAs in multiaspect, and suggests that GhlncLOX3-GhLOX3-JA network participates in response to V. dahliae invasion. Our results provide novel insights for genetic improvement of Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton using lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xingfen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Zhikun Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Lizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Jinhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Lixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Guiyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Zhiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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Zhu C, Zhang S, Zhou C, Xie S, Chen G, Tian C, Xu K, Lin Y, Lai Z, Guo Y. Genome-Wide Investigation of N6-Methyladenosine Regulatory Genes and Their Roles in Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Leaves During Withering Process. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:702303. [PMID: 34211493 PMCID: PMC8240813 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.702303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), one of the internal modifications of RNA molecules, can directly influence RNA abundance and function without altering the nucleotide sequence, and plays a pivotal role in response to diverse environmental stresses. The precise m6A regulatory mechanism comprises three types of components, namely, m6A writers, erasers, and readers. To date, the research focusing on m6A regulatory genes in plant kingdom is still in its infancy. Here, a total of 34 m6A regulatory genes were identified from the chromosome-scale genome of tea plants. The expansion of m6A regulatory genes was driven mainly by whole-genome duplication (WGD) and segmental duplication, and the duplicated gene pairs evolved through purifying selection. Gene structure analysis revealed that the sequence variation contributed to the functional diversification of m6A regulatory genes. Expression pattern analysis showed that most m6A regulatory genes were differentially expressed under environmental stresses and tea-withering stage. These observations indicated that m6A regulatory genes play essential roles in response to environmental stresses and tea-withering stage. We also found that RNA methylation and DNA methylation formed a negative feedback by interacting with each other's methylation regulatory genes. This study provided a foundation for understanding the m6A-mediated regulatory mechanism in tea plants under environmental stresses and tea-withering stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Tea Industry Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengzhe Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Tea Industry Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siyi Xie
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Tea Industry Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guangwu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Tea Industry Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Tian
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Tea Industry Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai Xu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Tea Industry Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuling Lin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongxiong Lai,
| | - Yuqiong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Tea Industry Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Yuqiong Guo,
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Song L, Pan Z, Chen L, Dai Y, Wan J, Ye H, Nguyen HT, Zhang G, Chen H. Analysis of Whole Transcriptome RNA-seq Data Reveals Many Alternative Splicing Events in Soybean Roots under Drought Stress Conditions. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1520. [PMID: 33352659 PMCID: PMC7765832 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a common post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that modulates gene expression to increase proteome diversity. Increasing evidence indicates that AS plays an important role in regulating plant stress responses. However, the mechanism by which AS coordinates with transcriptional regulation to regulate drought responses in soybean remains poorly understood. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of AS events in soybean (Glycine max) roots grown under various drought conditions using the high-throughput RNA-sequencing method, identifying 385, 989, 1429, and 465 AS events that were significantly differentially spliced under very mild drought stress, mild drought stress, severe drought stress, and recovery after severe drought conditions, respectively. Among them, alternative 3' splice sites and skipped exons were the major types of AS. Overall, 2120 genes that experienced significant AS regulation were identified from these drought-treated root samples. Gene Ontology term analysis indicated that the AS regulation of binding activity has vital roles in the drought response of soybean root. Notably, the genes encoding splicing regulatory factors in the spliceosome pathway and mRNA surveillance pathway were enriched according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Splicing regulatory factor-related genes in soybean root also responded to drought stress and were alternatively spliced under drought conditions. Taken together, our data suggest that drought-responsive AS acts as a direct or indirect mode to regulate drought response of soybean roots. With further in-depth research of the function and mechanism of AS in the process of abiotic stress, these results will provide a new strategy for enhancing stress tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.P.); (L.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Zhenzhi Pan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.P.); (L.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Lin Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.P.); (L.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yi Dai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.P.); (L.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jinrong Wan
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (J.W.); (H.Y.); (H.T.N.)
| | - Heng Ye
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (J.W.); (H.Y.); (H.T.N.)
| | - Henry T. Nguyen
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (J.W.); (H.Y.); (H.T.N.)
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Huatao Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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Samarina L, Matskiv A, Simonyan T, Koninskaya N, Malyarovskaya V, Gvasaliya M, Malyukova L, Tsaturyan G, Mytdyeva A, Martinez-Montero ME, Choudhary R, Ryndin A. Biochemical and Genetic Responses of Tea ( Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Microplants under Mannitol-Induced Osmotic Stress In Vitro. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121795. [PMID: 33348920 PMCID: PMC7766420 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osmotic stress is a major factor reducing the growth and yield of many horticultural crops worldwide. To reveal reliable markers of tolerant genotypes, we need a comprehensive understanding of the responsive mechanisms in crops. In vitro stress induction can be an efficient tool to study the mechanisms of responses in plants to help gain a better understanding of the physiological and genetic responses of plant tissues against each stress factor. In the present study, the osmotic stress was induced by addition of mannitol into the culture media to reveal biochemical and genetic responses of tea microplants. The contents of proline, threonine, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate were increased in leaves during mannitol treatment. The expression level of several genes, namely DHN2, LOX1, LOX6, BAM, SUS1, TPS11, RS1, RS2, and SnRK1.3, was elevated by 2–10 times under mannitol-induced osmotic stress, while the expression of many other stress-related genes was not changed significantly. Surprisingly, down-regulation of the following genes, viz. bHLH12, bHLH7, bHLH21, bHLH43, CBF1, WRKY2, SWEET1, SWEET2, SWEET3, INV5, and LOX7, was observed. During this study, two major groups of highly correlated genes were observed. The first group included seven genes, namely CBF1, DHN3, HXK2,SnRK1.1, SPS, SWEET3, and SWEET1. The second group comprised eight genes, viz. DHN2, SnRK1.3, HXK3, RS1, RS2,LOX6, SUS4, and BAM5. A high level of correlation indicates the high strength connection of the genes which can be co-expressed or can be linked to the joint regulons. The present study demonstrates that tea plants develop several adaptations to cope under osmotic stress in vitro; however, some important stress-related genes were silent or downregulated in microplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiia Samarina
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +79-66-7709038
| | - Alexandra Matskiv
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Taisiya Simonyan
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Natalia Koninskaya
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Valentina Malyarovskaya
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Maya Gvasaliya
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Lyudmila Malyukova
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Gregory Tsaturyan
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Alfiya Mytdyeva
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Marcos Edel Martinez-Montero
- Department of Plant Breeding and Plant Conservation, Bioplantas Center, University of Ciego de Avila, Ciego de Avila 65200, Cuba;
| | - Ravish Choudhary
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Alexey Ryndin
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi 354002, Russia; (A.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
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Upadhyay RK, Edelman M, Mattoo AK. Identification, Phylogeny, and Comparative Expression of the Lipoxygenase Gene Family of the Aquatic Duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza, during Growth and in Response to Methyl Jasmonate and Salt. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9527. [PMID: 33333747 PMCID: PMC7765210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) (EC 1.13.11.12) catalyze the oxygenation of fatty acids and produce oxylipins, including the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its methyl ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Little information is available about the LOX gene family in aquatic plants. We identified a novel LOX gene family comprising nine LOX genes in the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrhiza (greater duckweed). The reduced anatomy of S. polyrhiza did not lead to a reduction in LOX family genes. The 13-LOX subfamily, with seven genes, predominates, while the 9-LOX subfamily is reduced to two genes, an opposite trend from known LOX families of other plant species. As the 13-LOX subfamily is associated with the synthesis of JA/MeJA, its predominance in the Spirodela genome raises the possibility of a higher requirement for the hormone in the aquatic plant. JA-/MeJA-based feedback regulation during culture aging as well as the induction of LOX gene family members within 6 h of salt exposure are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K. Upadhyay
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Marvin Edelman
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Autar K. Mattoo
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
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Lu Y, Zhao P, Zhang A, Ma L, Xu S, Wang X. Alternative Splicing Diversified the Heat Response and Evolutionary Strategy of Conserved Heat Shock Protein 90s in Hexaploid Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Front Genet 2020; 11:577897. [PMID: 33329715 PMCID: PMC7729002 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.577897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crops are challenged by the increasing high temperature. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a molecular chaperone, plays a critical role in the heat response in plants. However, the evolutionary conservation and divergence of HSP90s homeologs in polyploidy crops are largely unknown. Using the newly released hexaploid wheat reference sequence, we identified 18 TaHSP90s that are evenly distributed as homeologous genes among three wheat subgenomes, and were highly conserved in terms of sequence identity and gene structure among homeologs. Intensive time-course transcriptomes showed uniform expression and transcriptional response profiles among the three TaHSP90 homeologs. Based on the comprehensive isoforms generated by combining full-length single-molecule sequencing and Illumina short read sequencing, 126 isoforms, including 90 newly identified isoforms of TaHSP90s, were identified, and each TaHSP90 generated one to three major isoforms. Intriguingly, the numbers and the splicing modes of the major isoforms generated by three TaHSP90 homeologs were obviously different. Furthermore, the quantified expression profiles of the major isoforms generated by three TaHSP90 homeologs are also distinctly varied, exhibiting differential alternative splicing (AS) responses of homeologs. Our results showed that the AS diversified the heat response of the conserved TaHSP90s and provided a new perspective for understanding about functional conservation and divergence of homologous genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunze Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lingjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shengbao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Wang F, Chen Z, Pei H, Guo Z, Wen D, Liu R, Song B. Transcriptome profiling analysis of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) using Oxford Nanopore long-read RNA-Seq technology. Gene 2020; 769:145247. [PMID: 33096183 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome profiles have been widely captured using short-read sequencing technology, but there are still limitations partially due to the read length. Here, we generated long reads using Oxford Nanopore PromethION™ technology and short reads using the Illumina sequencing platform to study the transcriptome of root, stem, and leaf of Camellia sinensis cv. Fudingdabai. We mapped the Nanopore reads to the Shuchazao of C. sinensis genome sequence, and the mapping rates ranged from 82.63% to 90.59% (average 86.44%); this is lower than that of the Illumina reads which was 87.83% to 91.14% (average 90.12%). Gene expression level was quantified using the Nanopore and Illumina data and we observed a good agreement. The same tea leaf flavor synthesis pathways were highlighted using both sequencing technologies when analyzing the differentially expressed genes between leaf and root. Alternative splicing was then analyzed, and the intron-retention was observed as the most common alternative splicing. Moreover Nanopore long reads could correct transcript isoform annotation for differential expression investigation purposes. Nanopore sequencing techniques can provide a novel reference basis for molecular analysis of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China.
| | - Zhi Chen
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Huimin Pei
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Zhiyou Guo
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Di Wen
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Rong Liu
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Baoxing Song
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China.
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Beedessee G, Kubota T, Arimoto A, Nishitsuji K, Waller RF, Hisata K, Yamasaki S, Satoh N, Kobayashi J, Shoguchi E. Integrated omics unveil the secondary metabolic landscape of a basal dinoflagellate. BMC Biol 2020; 18:139. [PMID: 33050904 PMCID: PMC7557087 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some dinoflagellates cause harmful algal blooms, releasing toxic secondary metabolites, to the detriment of marine ecosystems and human health. Our understanding of dinoflagellate toxin biosynthesis has been hampered by their unusually large genomes. To overcome this challenge, for the first time, we sequenced the genome, microRNAs, and mRNA isoforms of a basal dinoflagellate, Amphidinium gibbosum, and employed an integrated omics approach to understand its secondary metabolite biosynthesis. RESULTS We assembled the ~ 6.4-Gb A. gibbosum genome, and by probing decoded dinoflagellate genomes and transcriptomes, we identified the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase adenylation domain as essential for generation of specialized metabolites. Upon starving the cells of phosphate and nitrogen, we observed pronounced shifts in metabolite biosynthesis, suggestive of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs. Using Iso-Seq and RNA-seq data, we found that alternative splicing and polycistronic expression generate different transcripts for secondary metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our genomic findings suggest intricate integration of various metabolic enzymes that function iteratively to synthesize metabolites, providing mechanistic insights into how dinoflagellates synthesize secondary metabolites, depending upon nutrient availability. This study provides insights into toxin production associated with dinoflagellate blooms. The genome of this basal dinoflagellate provides important clues about dinoflagellate evolution and overcomes the large genome size, which has been a challenge previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Beedessee
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
- Present address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.
| | - Takaaki Kubota
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Asuka Arimoto
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Onomichi, Hiroshima, 722-0073, Japan
| | - Koki Nishitsuji
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Ross F Waller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Kanako Hisata
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamasaki
- DNA Sequencing Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Satoh
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Jun'ichi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Eiichi Shoguchi
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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Samarina LS, Malyukova LS, Efremov AM, Simonyan TA, Matskiv AO, Koninskaya NG, Rakhmangulov RS, Gvasaliya MV, Malyarovskaya VI, Ryndin AV, Orlov YL, Tong W, Hanke MV. Physiological, biochemical and genetic responses of Caucasian tea ( Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) genotypes under cold and frost stress. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9787. [PMID: 32923182 PMCID: PMC7457925 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cold and frost are two serious factors limiting the yield of many crops worldwide, including the tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). The acclimatization of tea plant from tropical to temperate climate regions resulted in unique germplasm in the North–Western Caucasus with extremely frost-tolerant genotypes. Methods The aim of the current research was to evaluate the physiological, biochemical and genetic responses of tolerant and sensitive tea cultivars exposed to cold (0 to +2 °C for 7 days) and frost (−6 to −8 °C for 5 days). Relative water content, cell membranes integrity, pH of the cell sap, water soluble protein, cations, sugars, amino acids were measured under cold and frost. Comparative expression of the following genes ICE1, CBF1, WRKY2, DHN1, DHN2, DHN3, NAC17, NAC26, NAC30, SnRK1.1, SnRK1.2, SnRK1.3, bHLH7, bHLH43, P5CS, LOX1, LOX6, LOX7 were analyzed. Results We found elevated protein (by 3–4 times) and cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium) contents in the leaves of both cultivars under cold and frost treatments. Meanwhile, Leu, Met, Val, Thr, Ser were increased under cold and frost, however tolerant cv. Gruzinskii7 showed earlier accumulation of these amino acids. Out of 18 studied genes, 11 were expressed at greater level in the frost- tolerant cultivar comparing with frost-sensitive one: ICE1, CBF1, WRKY2, DHN2, NAC17, NAC26, SnRK1.1, SnRK1.3, bHLH43, P5CS and LOX6. Positive correlations between certain amino acids namely, Met, Thr, Leu and Ser and studied genes were found. Taken together, the revealed cold responses in Caucasian tea cultivars help better understanding of tea tolerance to low temperature stress and role of revealed metabolites need to be further evaluated in different tea genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiia S Samarina
- Federal Research Centre the "Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Sochi, Russia
| | - Lyudmila S Malyukova
- Federal Research Centre the "Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Sochi, Russia
| | - Alexander M Efremov
- Federal Research Centre the "Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Sochi, Russia
| | - Taisiya A Simonyan
- Federal Research Centre the "Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Sochi, Russia
| | - Alexandra O Matskiv
- Federal Research Centre the "Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Sochi, Russia
| | - Natalia G Koninskaya
- Federal Research Centre the "Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Sochi, Russia
| | - Ruslan S Rakhmangulov
- Federal Research Centre the "Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Sochi, Russia
| | - Maya V Gvasaliya
- Federal Research Centre the "Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Sochi, Russia
| | - Valentina I Malyarovskaya
- Federal Research Centre the "Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Sochi, Russia
| | - Alexey V Ryndin
- Federal Research Centre the "Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Sochi, Russia
| | - Yuriy L Orlov
- Federal Research Centre the "Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Sochi, Russia.,Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Magda-Viola Hanke
- Federal Research Centre the "Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Sochi, Russia
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Xia E, Tong W, Hou Y, An Y, Chen L, Wu Q, Liu Y, Yu J, Li F, Li R, Li P, Zhao H, Ge R, Huang J, Mallano AI, Zhang Y, Liu S, Deng W, Song C, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Wei S, Zhang Z, Xia T, Wei C, Wan X. The Reference Genome of Tea Plant and Resequencing of 81 Diverse Accessions Provide Insights into Its Genome Evolution and Adaptation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1013-1026. [PMID: 32353625 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tea plant is an important economic crop, which is used to produce the world's oldest and most widely consumed tea beverages. Here, we present a high-quality reference genome assembly of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) consisting of 15 pseudo-chromosomes. LTR retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) account for 70.38% of the genome, and we present evidence that LTR-RTs play critical roles in genome size expansion and the transcriptional diversification of tea plant genes through preferential insertion in promoter regions and introns. Genes, particularly those coding for terpene biosynthesis proteins, associated with tea aroma and stress resistance were significantly amplified through recent tandem duplications and exist as gene clusters in tea plant genome. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of 81 tea plant accessions with diverse origins revealed three well-differentiated tea plant populations, supporting the proposition for the southwest origin of the Chinese cultivated tea plant and its later spread to western Asia through introduction. Domestication and modern breeding left significant signatures on hundreds of genes in the tea plant genome, particularly those associated with tea quality and stress resistance. The genomic sequences of the reported reference and resequenced tea plant accessions provide valuable resources for future functional genomics study and molecular breeding of improved cultivars of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yanlin An
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Linbo Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Menghai 666201, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ruopei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Penghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ruoheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ali Inayat Mallano
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yanrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Weiwei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhengzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Hu Z, Lyu T, Yan C, Wang Y, Ye N, Fan Z, Li X, Li J, Yin H. Identification of alternatively spliced gene isoforms and novel noncoding RNAs by single-molecule long-read sequencing in Camellia. RNA Biol 2020; 17:966-976. [PMID: 32160106 PMCID: PMC7549672 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1738703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct single-molecule sequencing of full-length transcripts allows efficient identification of gene isoforms, which is apt to alternative splicing (AS), polyadenylation, and long non-coding RNA analyses. However, the identification of gene isoforms and long non-coding RNAs with novel regulatory functions remains challenging, especially for species without a reference genome. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of a combined long-read and short-read transcriptome sequencing in Camellia japonica. Through a novel bioinformatic pipeline of reverse-tracing the split-sites, we have uncovered 257,692 AS sites from 61,838 transcripts; and 13,068 AS isoforms have been validated by aligning the short reads. We have identified the tissue-specific AS isoforms along with 6,373 AS events that were found in all tissues. Furthermore, we have analysed the polyadenylation (polyA) patterns of transcripts, and found that the preference for polyA signals was different between the AS and non-AS transcripts. Moreover, we have predicted the phased small interfering RNA (phasiRNA) loci through integrative analyses of transcriptome and small RNA sequencing. We have shown that a newly evolved phasiRNA locus from lipoxygenases generated 12 consecutive 21 bp secondary RNAs, which were responsive to cold and heat stress in Camellia. Our studies of the isoform transcriptome provide insights into gene splicing and functions that may facilitate the mechanistic understanding of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Experimental Center for Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fenyi, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Ye
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinlei Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hengfu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Muthusamy M, Yoon EK, Kim JA, Jeong MJ, Lee SI. Brassica Rapa SR45a Regulates Drought Tolerance via the Alternative Splicing of Target Genes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020182. [PMID: 32050656 PMCID: PMC7074037 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging evidence has shown that plant serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins play a crucial role in abiotic stress responses by regulating the alternative splicing (AS) of key genes. Recently, we have shown that drought stress enhances the expression of SR45a (also known as SR-like 3) in Brassica rapa. Herein, we unraveled the hitherto unknown functions of BrSR45a in drought stress response by comparing the phenotypes, chlorophyll a fluorescence and splicing patterns of the drought-responsive genes of Arabidopsis BrSR45a overexpressors (OEs), homozygous mutants (SALK_052345), and controls (Col-0). Overexpression and loss of function did not result in aberrant phenotypes; however, the overexpression of BrSR45a was positively correlated with drought tolerance and the stress recovery rate in an expression-dependent manner. Moreover, OEs showed a higher drought tolerance index during seed germination (38.16%) than the control lines. Additionally, the overexpression of BrSR45a induced the expression of the drought stress-inducible genes RD29A, NCED3, and DREB2A under normal conditions. To further illustrate the molecular linkages between BrSR45a and drought tolerance, we investigated the AS patterns of key drought-tolerance and BrSR45a interacting genes in OEs, mutants, and controls under both normal and drought conditions. The splicing patterns of DCP5, RD29A, GOLS1, AKR, U2AF, and SDR were different between overexpressors and mutants under normal conditions. Furthermore, drought stress altered the splicing patterns of NCED2, SQE, UPF1, U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP-associated protein, and UPF1 between OEs and mutants, indicating that both overexpression and loss of function differently influenced the splicing patterns of target genes. This study revealed that BrSR45a regulates the drought stress response via the alternative splicing of target genes in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Muthusamy
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.A.K.); (M.-J.J.)
| | - Eun Kyung Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore;
| | - Jin A Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.A.K.); (M.-J.J.)
| | - Mi-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.A.K.); (M.-J.J.)
| | - Soo In Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.A.K.); (M.-J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-4618; Fax: +82-63-238-4604
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Wang S, Liu S, Liu L, Li R, Guo R, Xia X, Wei C. miR477 targets the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene and enhances the susceptibility of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) to disease during Pseudopestalotiopsis species infection. PLANTA 2020; 251:59. [PMID: 32025888 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION: miR477 acts as a negative regulator in tea plant immunity against Pseudopestalotiopsis infection by repressing the expression of its target gene PAL. MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated post-transcriptional regulation plays a fundamental role in various plant physiological processes, including responses to pathogens. Our previous research revealed that miR477 might be involved in the tea plant-Pseudopestalotiopsis interaction (data not shown). In the present study, the accumulation of miR477 significantly decreased in tea plants during Pseudopestalotiopsis species infection. Using miRNA and degradome data sets, the targeting of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) by miR477 was validated by 5' RLM-RACE. GUS assay showed that the expression of PAL was post-transcriptionally regulated by miR477 and silenced by mRNA cleavage. A negative correlation between the expression of miR477 and PAL was found in tea plants infected by the pathogen. The transgenic lines overexpressing Csn-miR477 exhibited increased susceptibility to Pseudopestalotiopsis species, which was associated with reduced expression of PAL during infection. The degree of severity of the leaf lesions and the results of trypan blue staining showed that the plants overexpressing Csn-miR477 exhibited more severe damage upon pathogen infection than wild-type plants. In addition, more H2O2 and O2-, higher malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and less superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were detected in the transgenic plants than in the wild-type plants after inoculation with Pseudopestalotiopsis species. Taken together, our results implied that Csn-miR477 might act as a negative regulator in pathogen-infected tea plants by inhibiting the expression of its target, PAL, and that Csn-miR477 is a candidate miRNA for improving the adaptation of tea plant to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Ding Y, Wang Y, Qiu C, Qian W, Xie H, Ding Z. Alternative splicing in tea plants was extensively triggered by drought, heat and their combined stresses. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8258. [PMID: 32030318 PMCID: PMC6995271 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought and heat stresses can influence the expressions of genes, and thereby affect the growth and development of plants. Alternative splicing (AS) of genes plays crucial roles through increasing transcriptome diversity in plant stress responses. Tea plants, widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics, are often simultaneously exposed to drought and heat stresses. In the present study, we performed a global transcriptome of tea leaves treated with drought, heat or their combination. In total, 19,019, 20,025 and 20,253 genes underwent AS in response to drought (DT), heat (HT) and their combined stress (HD), respectively, of which 12,178, 11,912 and 14,413 genes differentially spliced in response to DT, HT and HD, respectively. Also, 2,447 specific differentially spliced genes (DSGs) were found only in response to HD. All DSGs accounted for 48% of the annotated genes in tea tree genome. Comparison of DSGs and differentially expressive genes (DEGs) showed that the proportions of HT and HD-induced DSGs were 13.4% and 9.2%, while the proportion of DT increased to 28.1%. Moreover, the DEG-DSG overlapped genes tended to be enriched in a wide large of pathways in response to DT. The results indicated that the AS of genes in tea leaves was extensively triggered by drought, heat and their combined stresses. In addition, the AS enhanced the transcriptome adaption in response to drought and heat stresses, and the AS also provoked specific molecular functions in response to drought and heat synergy stress. The study might have practical significance for molecular genetic breeding of tea plants with stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjun Qian
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Li Y, Mi X, Zhao S, Zhu J, Guo R, Xia X, Liu L, Liu S, Wei C. Comprehensive profiling of alternative splicing landscape during cold acclimation in tea plant. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:65. [PMID: 31959105 PMCID: PMC6971990 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing (AS) may generate multiple mRNA splicing isoforms from a single mRNA precursor using different splicing sites, leading to enhanced diversity of transcripts and proteins. AS has been implicated in cold acclimation by affecting gene expression in various ways, yet little information is known about how AS influences cold responses in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). RESULTS In this study, the AS transcriptional landscape was characterized in the tea plant genome using high-throughput RNA-seq during cold acclimation. We found that more than 41% (14,103) of genes underwent AS events. We summarize the possible existence of 11 types of AS events, including the four common types of intron retention (IR), exon skipping (ES), alternative 5' splice site (A5SS), and alternative 3' splice site (A3SS); of these, IR was the major type in all samples. The number of AS events increased rapidly during cold treatment, but decreased significantly following de-acclimation (DA). It is notable that the number of differential AS genes gradually increased during cold acclimation, and these genes were enriched in pathways relating to oxidoreductase activity and sugar metabolism during acclimation and de-acclimation. Remarkably, the AS isoforms of bHLH transcription factors showed higher expression levels than their full-length ones during cold acclimation. Interestingly, the expression pattern of some AS transcripts of raffinose and sucrose synthase genes were significantly correlated with sugar contents. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that changes in AS numbers and transcript expression may contribute to rapid changes in gene expression and metabolite profile during cold acclimation, suggesting that AS events play an important regulatory role in response to cold acclimation in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozeng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China.
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Samarina LS, Malyukova LS, Gvasaliya MV, Efremov AM, Malyarovskaya VI, Loshkareva SV, Tuov MT. Genes underlying cold acclimation in the tea plant (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> (L.) Kuntze). Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2020. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The article reviews the latest studies showing the diversity of genetic mechanisms and gene families underlying the increased cold and frost tolerance of tea and other plant species. It has been shown that cell responses to chilling (0…+15°C) and freezing (< 0°C) are not the same and gene expression under cold stress is genotype-specific. In recent decades, progress has been made in understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying the cold response of plants – ICE1 (inducer of CBF expression 1), CBF (C-repeat-binding factor), COR (cold-regulated genes) pathways and signaling have been discovered. The ICE, CBF and DHN gene groups play a key role in the cold acclimation of the tea plant. The accumulation of CBF transcripts occurs after 15 min of chilling induction, and longer cold stress leads to accumulation of CBF transcripts. It is shown that the transcripts of the CsDHN1, CsDHN2 and CsDHN3 genes accumulate at a higher level in resistant genotypes of tea in comparison with susceptible cultivars during freezing. CBF-independent pathways include genes involved in metabolism and transcription factors such as HSFC1, ZAT12, CZF1, PLD (phospholipase D), WRKY, HD-Zip, CsLEA, LOX, NAC, HSP, which are widely distributed in plants and are involved in the basic mechanisms of tea resistance to cold and frost. The most recent studies show an important role of miRNA in the mechanisms of response to chilling and freezing in tea. The data obtained on different plant species may correlate with the mechanisms of frost tolerance of tea and are the basis for future studies of the signaling pathways of response to cold in the tea plant. The results of the research emphasize the need to further explore the ways in which various genes regulate the tolerance of tea to cold stress to find the molecular markers of frost tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. S. Samarina
- Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops
| | - L. S. Malyukova
- Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops
| | - M. V. Gvasaliya
- Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops
| | - A. M. Efremov
- Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops
| | | | - S. V. Loshkareva
- Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops
| | - M. T. Tuov
- Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops
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Zhu C, Zhang S, Fu H, Zhou C, Chen L, Li X, Lin Y, Lai Z, Guo Y. Transcriptome and Phytochemical Analyses Provide New Insights Into Long Non-Coding RNAs Modulating Characteristic Secondary Metabolites of Oolong Tea ( Camellia sinensis) in Solar-Withering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1638. [PMID: 31929782 PMCID: PMC6941427 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Oolong tea is a popular and semi-fermented beverage. During the processing of tea leaves, withering is the first indispensable process for improving flavor. However, the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the characteristic secondary metabolites during the withering of oolong tea leaves remain unknown. In this study, phytochemical analyses indicated that total polyphenols, flavonoids, catechins, epigallocatechin (EGC), catechin gallate (CG), gallocatechin gallate (GCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were all less abundant in the solar-withered leaves (SW) than in the fresh leaves (FL) and indoor-withered leaves (IW). In contrast, terpenoid, jasmonic acid (JA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) contents were higher in the SW than in the FL and IW. By analyzing the transcriptome data, we detected 32,036 lncRNAs. On the basis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, the flavonoid metabolic pathway, the terpenoid metabolic pathway, and the JA/MeJA biosynthesis and signal transduction pathway were enriched pathways. Additionally, 63 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) and 23 target genes were identified related to the three pathways. A comparison of the expression profiles of the DE-lncRNAs and their target genes between the SW and IW revealed four up-regulated genes (FLS, CCR, CAD, and HCT), seven up-regulated lncRNAs, four down-regulated genes (4CL, CHI, F3H, and F3'H), and three down-regulated lncRNAs related to flavonoid metabolism; nine up-regulated genes (DXS, CMK, HDS, HDR, AACT, MVK, PMK, GGPPS, and TPS), three up-regulated lncRNAs, and six down-regulated lncRNAs related to terpenoid metabolism; as well as six up-regulated genes (LOX, AOS, AOC, OPR, ACX, and MFP2), four up-regulated lncRNAs, and three down-regulated lncRNAs related to JA/MeJA biosynthesis and signal transduction. These results suggested that the expression of DE-lncRNAs and their targets involved in the three pathways may be related to the low abundance of the total polyphenols, flavonoids, and catechins (EGC, CG, GCG, ECG, and EGCG) and the high abundance of terpenoids in the SW. Moreover, solar irradiation, high JA and MeJA contents, and the endogenous target mimic (eTM)-related regulatory mechanism in the SW were also crucial for increasing the terpenoid levels. These findings provide new insights into the greater contribution of solar-withering to the high-quality flavor of oolong tea compared with the effects of indoor-withering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Fu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengzhe Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuling Lin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuqiong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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