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Alzawqari M, Shukry Atta M, Metwally A, Selim S, Wadaan M, Kim I, Cho S, Eltahan H, Alagawany M, Alhotan R, Al Sulaiman A, Hussein E, Saleh A. Growth performance, blood lipids, and fat digestibility of broilers fed diets supplemented with bile acid and xylanase. Arch Anim Breed 2023; 66:451-460. [PMID: 38205380 PMCID: PMC10776885 DOI: 10.5194/aab-66-451-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to show the effect of bile acid (BA) and xylanase (Xyl) supplementation on the growth, fat digestibility, serum lipid metabolites, and ileal digesta viscosity of broilers. A total of 720 1 d old male broilers were allocated to one of nine treatments with four replicates in each under a factorial design arrangement of three levels of BA (0 %, 0.25 %, and 0.50 %) and three levels of Xyl (0 %, 0.05 %, and 0.10 %) supplementation. The duration of the experiment was 35 d (7-42 d). Growth performance, blood lipids, fat digestibility, and ileal digesta viscosity were determined. The experimental treatments did not affect feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG). Supplementation of BA or Xyl did not significantly ameliorate the feed conversion rate (FCR) (p < 0.05 ). The addition of BA linearly increased fat digestibility. At 7-21 d of age, the addition of BA or Xyl had a significant (p < 0.05 ) increase in serum cholesterol (Chol) but no significant difference for other serum lipid parameters in broiler chickens fed with Xyl in the starter and grower periods. However, the supplementation of 0.5 % BA at 7-21 d of age significantly increased the Chol and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) levels. The results of this trial revealed that the supplementation of xylanases had a great effect on the degradation of arabinoxylan from wheat, which led to a relatively greater reduction in ileal digesta viscosity; it was also found that supplementation of BA significantly increased the concentration of serum lipid metabolites, whereas BA and Xyl supplementation linearly increased the fat digestibility of the birds fed wheat and tallow diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H. Alzawqari
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 333516, Egypt
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen
| | - Mustafa Shukry Atta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Abdallah Metwally
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Selim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Menoufia, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A. M. Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - In Ho Kim
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hossam M. Eltahan
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki 12611, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Rashed A. Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali R. Al Sulaiman
- Environmental Protection Technologies Institute, Sustainability and Environment Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Osman Hussein
- Al-Khumasia For Feed and Animal Products Riyadh – Olaya – Al Aqareyah 2 – Office 705 P.O. Box 8344, Riyadh 11982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 333516, Egypt
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Rama Rao SV, Nagaraja Kumari K, Raju MVLN, Prakash B, Paul SS, Santosh Phani KP. Feed emulsifier improves the performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chicken fed diets without antibiotic growth promoter. Br Poult Sci 2023; 64:745-750. [PMID: 37610329 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2248583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
1. A study was conducted to assess the impact of supplementing-graded concentrations of emulsifier on the production performance, gut microbial count, and digestibility of nitrogen and energy in broiler chicken fed diets without AGP.2. Male broiler chicks (n = 1500; Vencobb-430), aged one-day-old, were randomly allocated into six dietary groups each with 10 replicates of 25 birds each. A maize-soybean and meat and bone meal-based basal diet without antibiotic (AGP) growth promoter served as negative control (NC). The basal diet was supplemented with BMD (AGP, bacitracin methylene disalicylate-BMD 100 g/T), which served as the positive control (PC). Emulsifier was added to the NC diets at either 250 g/ton in all phases (250-All), 250 g in starter and grower phases, and 500 g in the finisher phase (250:250:500), 250 g in starter and 500 g in both grower and finisher phases (250:500:500) and 500 g in all phases (500 g-All).3. Two broilers per replicate were slaughtered to record carcase traits and gut microbial count on day 43. There was significant improvement in body weight gain (BWG) and reduced FCR in broilers fed 250:250:500 and 250:500:500 g emulsifiers compared to other treatment groups. Carcase traits and faecal microbial count did not differ among treatments. The inclusion of BMD significantly improved nitrogen (N) digestibility compared to the NC group. The digestibility of emulsifier-supplemented groups was similar to those fed by the BMD group except for the 500-All group, which was an intermediary between NC and other emulsifier-fed groups.4. It was concluded that supplementation with emulsifier (250:250:500 or 250:500:500) without antibiotic growth promoter significantly improved FCR and body weight gain similar to broilers receiving antibiotic growth promoter, which was associated with increased ileal digestibility of N and energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Rama Rao
- Nutrition Laboratory, ICAR - Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, India
| | - K Nagaraja Kumari
- Department of Poultry Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, India
| | - M V L N Raju
- Nutrition Laboratory, ICAR - Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, India
| | - B Prakash
- Nutrition Laboratory, ICAR - Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, India
| | - S S Paul
- Nutrition Laboratory, ICAR - Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, India
| | - K P Santosh Phani
- Nutrition Laboratory, ICAR - Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, India
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3
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Feed withdrawal coupled with classical conditioning modifies the behavioral, physiological, and productive traits in Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix japonica). Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bornaei L, Salari S, Erfani majd N. Effect of electron beam irradiated barley grains on growth performance, blood parameters, nutrient digestibility, microbial population, and intestinal histomorphometry in broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2089151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lotfollah Bornaei
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Salari
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Naeem Erfani majd
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
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de Souza CHP, Sakamoto MI, Pozza PC, dos Santos TC, Lipori HM, Hirata AK, Murakami AE. Enzyme complex addition in barley or rye broiler diets with two energy levels fed from 1 to 21 days. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate diet digestibility, performance, digestive parameters, and blood parameters when an enzyme complex (EC) was used in barley- and rye-based diets with different energy levels. In the digestibility assay (exp. I), 108 seventeen-day-old Cobb male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design in 2 × 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement with two feeds (barley or rye), two EC levels (0% and 0.02%), and two energy levels [3025 and 3125 kcal apparent metabolizable energy (AME)·kg−1], plus a control treatment. In exp. II, 1080 one-day-old Cobb male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design in 2 × 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement with two feeds (barley or rye), two EC levels (0% and 0.02%), and two energy levels (2875 and 2975 kcal AME·kg−1). No interactions were observed for any variables (exp. I and II). Enzyme complex improved the apparent metabolizable coefficient of gross energy (P = 0.0432) of diets. The EC provided greater weight gain (P = 0.0003) and better feed conversion (P = 0.0025). Intestinal viscosity at 21 d was reduced (P < 0.0001) with the addition of the EC. The EC improved nutrient digestibility and performance, but the effects of energy reduction on performance could not be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Henrique Pereira de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Márcia Izumi Sakamoto
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Pozza
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Carlesso dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Humberto Marques Lipori
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Alceu Kazuo Hirata
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Alice Eiko Murakami
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
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Dinani OP, Tyagi PK, Tyagi JS, Bhanja SK, Rokade JJ. Effect of feeding rice gluten meal with and without enzymes on hematobiochemical profile of broiler chickens. Vet World 2020; 13:2062-2069. [PMID: 33281338 PMCID: PMC7704325 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2062-2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Blood and serological parameters are indicators of the health status of the birds and influenced by the type of feed and their nutrient composition. Scanty researches are available in rice gluten meal (RGM) regarding its effect of feeding with and without enzymes on hematology and serum biochemistry. This study was conducted for in vitro and in vivo investigation regarding feeding RGM without or with different enzymes on hematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens. The in vitro study was done to determine chemical composition of RGM used in the biological trial. Materials and Methods A biological experiment with 384 broiler chicks was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding RGM as soybean replacement without or with different enzymes on carcass characteristics in broiler chicken for 42 days. Two levels of RGM were taken (15% and 17.5%). Protease, xylanase, and multienzymes supplementation under different treatments were done. Results The RGM feeding and enzyme supplementation or their interaction revealed no significant (p>0.05) effects on the hematological parameters and serological parameters of broiler chickens except the significant (p<0.05) effect of enzyme supplementation on serum albumin and triglyceride values. The higher albumin values were observed in xylanase and protease supplemented birds and lower triglyceride values were observed in xylanase supplemented birds. Conclusion Thus, it may be concluded that RGM feeding at 15% or 17.5% inclusion level with or without enzymes had no adverse effect on hematobiochemical profile of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Dinani
- Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Tyagi
- Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jagbir Singh Tyagi
- Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhanja
- Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - J J Rokade
- Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pourazadi Z, Salari S, Tabandeh MR, Abdollahi MR. Effect of particle size of insoluble fibre on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility and caecal microbial population in broiler chickens fed barley-containing diets. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:734-745. [PMID: 32696668 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1799329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of particle size of insoluble fibre on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and caecal microbial population in broiler chickens fed barley-containing diets. 2. The dietary treatments included: a barley-based diet (control, CTL) or test diets which contained high-fibre ingredients, either sunflower hulls (SFH), sugarcane bagasse (SB) or wheat bran (WB) ground through a 1.0 (fine) or 3.0 mm (coarse) screen that were added to the control diet at 30 g/kg. 3. For the entire experimental period, insoluble fibre inclusion improved ADG (P < 0.05) and FCR (P < 0.05) compared to the CTL group. Broilers fed SFH had higher (P < 0.05) ADG and better (P < 0.05) FCR than broilers fed SB. 4. Fibre inclusion increased the relative weight of breast and thigh and decreased relative weight of liver compared to the CTL group, but coarse grinding of the SB decreased relative weight of abdominal fat (P < 0.05). 5. The digestibility of nutrients increased with dietary inclusion of insoluble fibre compared to the CTL group. Coarse grinding of SFH increased AID of crude protein compared to the coarse grinding of WB or SB. Fine grinding of various types of fibre improved the AID of fat (as ether extract) and organic matter (P < 0.05). 6. Fine grinding of the WB decreased caecal populations of E. coli. The inclusion of SFH increased caecal populations of Lactobacillus spp. (P < 0.05). Coarse grinding of various types of fibre decreased the caecal population of coliforms (P < 0.05). 7. The inclusion of WB increased digesta viscosity in the ileum compared to samples from the SB and SFH groups (P < 0.05). Coarse grinding of various types of fibre decreased the digesta viscosity in the ileum (P < 0.05). 8. Overall, the data showed that dietary inclusion of insoluble fibre improved growth performance, increased AID of nutrients and decreased ileal viscosity in the birds fed diets containing barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Pourazadi
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - S Salari
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M R Tabandeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M R Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University , Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Attia Y, El-kelawy M, Al-Harthi M, El-Shafey A. Impact of Multienzymes Dose Supplemented Continuously Or Intermittently in Drinking Water on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Constituents of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E375. [PMID: 32111009 PMCID: PMC7143355 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the continuous or intermittent impact of a multienzyme supplement on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites of broilers, and to evaluate production index of dietary supplementation. A total of 315 unsexed day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly distributed to seven treatments groups, keeping initial body weights similar, in 35-floor pens (replicates) of nine chicks per replicate (pen) and five experimental units per treatment. All experimental groups were fed the same basal diet and administered seven multienzyme treatments: the 1st group (control) did not receive any enzyme supplementation; the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups were administered multienzymes at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mL/L drinking water, respectively. Each enzyme supplemented-group was divided into two subgroups, with additives being applied either continuously (24 h/day) or intermittently (12 h/day) from 1 to 35 days old. Regardless of administration method, multienzyme supplements at 1.0 mL/L water along with a corn-soybean meal diet increased the body weight gain (BWG) by 7.8% compared to 0.5 mL/L water during days 1-21 of age. In addition, 1.5 mL/L water significantly improved BWG by 5.1% of broilers compared to 0.5 mL/L water during days 1-35 of age. Enzyme supplementation at 1.5 mL/L water significantly enhanced feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 4.3% during days 1-21 of age, and FCR by 5.2% and European production index (EPI) by 10.4% during days 1-35 of age compared to the group on 0.5 mL/L water. For the whole period, there were improvements of beneficial consideration in BWG (4.0%), FCR (4.0%), and European production index (8.2%) due to continuous multienzyme supplementation at 0.5 mL/L water compared to the same dose added intermittently. A similar trend was observed due to intermittent multienzymes at 1 mL/L drinking water that resulted in increased BWG by (6.4%) and improved FCR by (6.7%) and EPI by (12.7%). Intermittent administration significantly increased feed intake of broilers during 22-35 days of age compared to continuous supplementation. Multienzymes at different doses did not significantly affect the digestibility of nutrients, blood serum biochemical constituent, inner body organs, and markers of functions of liver and renal organs. In conclusion, the highest BWG and the best FCR and EPI for the whole period were from broilers given continuous 1 and 1.5 mL/L drinking water or intermittent multienzyme supplementation at 1.5 mL/L drinking water. Furthermore, intermittent supplementation of enzymes at 1 mL/L drinking water and continuous supplementation at 0.5 mL/L drinking water can be investigated in further experiments as a tool to improve broiler growth performance and economic traits and to decrease the cost of enzyme application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Attia
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud El-kelawy
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture New Valley University, El-Karga- 72511, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed Al-Harthi
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali El-Shafey
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt;
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An JS, Yun W, Lee JH, Oh HJ, Kim TH, Cho EA, Kim GM, Kim KH, Lee SD, Cho JH. Effects of exogenous emulsifier supplementation on growth performance, energy digestibility, and meat quality in broilers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:43-51. [PMID: 32082597 PMCID: PMC7008118 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous emulsifier
supplementation on growth performance, energy digestibility, and meat quality in
broilers. A total of 60 Ross 308 broilers were treated for two weeks. The three
dietary treatments were: (CON) basal diet; (T1) basal diet + 0.1% exogenous
emulsifier, and (T2) basal diet + 0.2% exogenous emulsifier. In Period 1
(0–7 days), broilers in the T2 group showed significantly higher body
weight gain (BWG) (p < 0.05) and broilers in the T1 and
T2 treatment groups had significantly lower feed conversion ratios (FCR)
(p < 0.05). In Period 2 (8–14 days), broilers
in the T2 treatment group had significantly higher feed intake (FI)
(p < 0.05). Therefore, in this experiment (from days
0 to 19), BWG and FCR were affected (p < 0.05) by the T1
and T2 treatments. Additionally, the T1 and T2 treatments with added exogenous
emulsifier in the broiler feed showed significantly higher energy digestibility
(p < 0.05) than the CON treatment. Broilers fed the
T2 diet had higher water-holding capacity (WHC) (p <
0.05) and cooking loss than the broilers fed the CON and T1 diets. Moreover, the
shearing force in the meat was decreased (p < 0.05) in
broilers fed the T2 diet. In conclusion, supplementation with exogenous
emulsifier to broiler diets improved growth performance, energy digestibility,
and meat quality. The optimal amount of exogenous emulsifier supplementation
requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Seon An
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Won Yun
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Lee
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Han Jin Oh
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Tae Heon Kim
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Eun Ah Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Gok Mi Kim
- Department of Beauty Art, Yonam College, Cheonan 31005, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Sung Dae Lee
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Muszyński S, Świątkiewicz S, Arczewska-Włosek A, Dobrowolski P, Valverde Piedra JL, Arciszewski MB, Szymańczyk S, Zacharko-Siembida A, Kowalik S, Hułas-Stasiak M, Tomczyk-Warunek A, Schwarz T, Tomaszewska E. Analysis of mechanical properties of bones and tendons shows that modern hybrid rye can be introduced to corn-wheat based diet in broiler chickens as an alternative energy source irrespective of xylanase supplementation. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5613-5621. [PMID: 31222275 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on analyzing the effects of inclusion of modern hybrid rye to corn-wheat diet on mechanical properties of bones and tendons. A total of 224 broiler chickens were fed a diet without rye inclusion or a diet containing 15% of hybrid rye cv. Brasetto. The diets were either unsupplemented or supplemented with xylanase (minimum activity 1000 FXU/g, dose 200 mg/kg of feed). Each dietary group consisted of 56 birds. On day 42, selected chickens (n = 7 from each group) were slaughtered. Tibia were analyzed for mineralization, geometry, and biomechanical characteristics of bone mid-diaphysis. The mechanical properties of digital flexor III tendon were also assessed. Bone mineral density and bone ash percentage did not differ when both diets were given without xylanase. Enzyme supplementation increased bone mineral density (P < 0.01) in both dietary groups, whereas bone ash percentage (P < 0.01) increased only for corn-wheat diet. Rye inclusion had no effect on bone mid-shaft geometrical traits related to tibia weight-bearing capacity (cross-sectional area, cortical index, and mean relative wall thickness). Performed bending test showed no effect of hybrid rye inclusion on bone mechanical endurance. When xylanase was supplemented, bone length (P < 0.01) and weight (P < 0.05) decreased, whereas yield load (P < 0.01), stiffness (P < 0.05), Young modulus (P < 0.05), elastics stress (P < 0.01), and ultimate stress (P < 0.01) increased, irrespective of rye presence. The tendon tensile strain test showed that in corn-wheat diet enzyme supplementation positively influenced rupture force (P < 0.05) and tendon stiffness (P < 0.01). Xylanase supplementation increased the value of energy required to tendon rupture, irrespective of rye inclusion (P < 0.05). Study showed that modern hybrid rye varieties can be introduced to corn-wheat diets of broiler chickens in the aspect of animal welfare related to the development and homeostasis of musculoskeletal system, irrespective of xylanase supplementation. The enzyme addition positively affected biomechanical properties of bones and tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - S Świątkiewicz
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - A Arczewska-Włosek
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - P Dobrowolski
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-400 Lublin, Poland
| | - J L Valverde Piedra
- Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - M B Arciszewski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - S Szymańczyk
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - A Zacharko-Siembida
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - S Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - M Hułas-Stasiak
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-400 Lublin, Poland
| | - A Tomczyk-Warunek
- Locomotor System Research Department, Chair and Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - T Schwarz
- Department of Swine and Small Animal Breeding, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - E Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Velayudhan DE, Hossain MM, Stein HH, Nyachoti CM. Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in canola meal fed to gestating and lactating sows1. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4219-4226. [PMID: 31504594 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in solvent extracted canola meal (CM) fed to gestating and lactating sows without or with a multi-enzyme complex. Eight sows cannulated on day 40 of gestation were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. The 4 diets included 2 cornstarch-based diets with 31.3% CM as the only source of AA, without or with a multi-enzyme complex, a casein-cornstarch diet to determine ileal endogenous AA losses, and a phosphorus-free diet (phosphorus digestibility data reported elsewhere). All diets contained 0.3% titanium dioxide. Gestating sows were fed 3.0 kg/d of the respective experimental diets, whereas, during lactation, sows had ad libitum access to experimental diets. Ileal digesta samples were collected in midgestation, late gestation, and lactation. In each period, after 6-d acclimation to the experimental diets, on days 7 and 8, ileal digesta samples were collected continuously for 12 h. Results indicated that sows in lactation had greater apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and all AA (P < 0.05) compared with sows in gestation. Enzyme supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the AID of histidine, lysine, methionine, valine, and alanine, and a tendency (P < 0.10) for improvement in AID was observed for arginine, isoleucine, tryptophan, and cysteine during lactation, but not during gestation. However, the SID of most AA was not affected by collection phase, but enzyme supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the SID of arginine, histidine, lysine, methionine, and valine during lactation. The SID of indispensable AA in CM fed to gestating and lactating sows were as follows: arginine, 89.2 and 91.3%; histidine, 93.1 and 94.0%; isoleucine, 85.9 and 87.0%; leucine, 89.2 and 89.2%; lysine, 87.0 and 87.7%; methionine, 92.2 and 93.2%; phenylalanine, 89.2 and 87.8%; threonine, 84.3 and 82.7%; tryptophan, 88.1 and 91.5%; valine, 85.9 and 84.3%. In conclusion, the SID of AA in CM fed to lactating sows may be improved if a mixture of carbohydrases is included in the diet, but under the conditions of this experiment, the carbohydrase mixture did not affect SID of AA in CM fed to gestating sows in midgestation or late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manik M Hossain
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Hans H Stein
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - C Martin Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Mateos G, Cámara L, Fondevila G, Lázaro R. Critical Review of the Procedures Used for Estimation of the Energy Content of Diets and Ingredients in Poultry. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Zaefarian F, Abdollahi MR, Cowieson A, Ravindran V. Avian Liver: The Forgotten Organ. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9020063. [PMID: 30781411 PMCID: PMC6406855 DOI: 10.3390/ani9020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The liver is a multi-purpose organ, with involvement in bile secretion, and lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, as well as a number of other metabolic functions. This organ can adapt easily to changes in feed and the environment. Being at the centre of a number of digestive, metabolic and productive activities, it is essential to have a better understanding of this organ and the factors affecting liver functionality. Abstract Despite having huge responsibilities in avian species, published reports on the influence of dietary factors and other possible constraints on the size, development and function of liver are limited. Consideration of the factors that could influence and alter liver function is therefore of critical relevance. In the current review, aspects of liver structure and function, and the influence of feed restriction, anti-nutritional factors, structural components and feed additives on liver are discussed. Effects of feed technology techniques such as thermal treatment and pelleting, feed particle size and whole grain feeding on the liver are also reviewed. A discussion of lipogenesis and lipid storage in poultry is presented to provide a better understanding and to differentiate the normal pathways of lipid metabolism from abnormal (i.e., disordered) pathways. The liver is the main site of fat synthesis in poultry, but under certain conditions, excessive fat can accumulate in the liver and cause problems. Factors contributing to the fatty liver syndrome are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faegheh Zaefarian
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Aaron Cowieson
- DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Velmurugu Ravindran
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Arczewska-Wlosek A, Swiatkiewicz S, Bederska-Lojewska D, Orczewska-Dudek S, Szczurek W, Boros D, Fras A, Tomaszewska E, Dobrowolski P, Muszynski S, Kwiecien M, Schwarz T. The Efficiency of Xylanase in Broiler Chickens Fed with Increasing Dietary Levels of Rye. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E46. [PMID: 30708944 PMCID: PMC6406454 DOI: 10.3390/ani9020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a study on the evaluation of the effect of xylanase addition to a diet with an increasing content of modern hybrid rye (Brasetto variety) on the performance indices and viscosity of small intestine content in broiler chickens. A total of 560 1-day-old male Ross 308 chickens were randomly assigned to 1 of 10 treatments, each comprising 7 replicate cages, with 8 male birds per cage. A 5 × 2 factorial arrangement was employed, with five dietary levels of ground rye (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). All the diets were either unsupplemented or supplemented with xylanase (200 mg/kg of feed; with minimum xylanase activity 1000 FXU/g). In the starter rearing period (1⁻21 days of age), the inclusion of rye (without xylanase supplementation) to the diet, even at the lowest dietary level (5%), negatively affected body weight gain (p < 0.05); there was no effect on feed intake and feed conversion ratio. In older chickens (the grower-finisher rearing period; 22⁻42 days of age), none of the dietary levels of rye (5⁻20%) affected growth performance indices. Similarly, no significant effect of increasing dietary level of rye was found for the entire rearing period (1⁻42 days of age). Diet supplementation with xylanase improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in chickens from 1 to 21 days of age. No positive effect of enzyme was found in older birds. No significant effects of the experimental factors used were noticed on the results of slaughter analysis, i.e., the carcass yield, breast meat yield, abdominal fat, and relative weight of the liver and gizzard. A high dietary concentration of rye (20%) increased the viscosity of small intestine content (p < 0.05); however, diet supplementation with xylanase significantly alleviated this effect. The findings of this experiment indicated that modern hybrid rye grain may be used at a 20% dietary level in broiler diets during the second feeding phase, i.e., from 22 to 42 days of age, without any detrimental influence on growth performance indices, while enzyme (xylanase) positively affected body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in younger chicks (1⁻21 days of age).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Arczewska-Wlosek
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
| | - Sylwester Swiatkiewicz
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
| | - Dorota Bederska-Lojewska
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Orczewska-Dudek
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
| | - Witold Szczurek
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
| | - Danuta Boros
- Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Plant Materials, Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland.
| | - Anna Fras
- Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Plant Materials, Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland.
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Siemowit Muszynski
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecien
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromathology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Schwarz
- Department of Swine and Small Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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Bontempo V, Comi M, Jiang X, Rebucci R, Caprarulo V, Giromini C, Gottardo D, Fusi E, Stella S, Tirloni E, Cattaneo D, Baldi A. Evaluation of a synthetic emulsifier product supplementation on broiler chicks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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The effects of a novel synthetic emulsifier product on growth performance of chickens for fattening and weaned piglets. Animal 2016; 10:592-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115002189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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17
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Latorre JD, Hernandez-Velasco X, Bielke LR, Vicente JL, Wolfenden R, Menconi A, Hargis BM, Tellez G. Evaluation of a Bacillus direct-fed microbial candidate on digesta viscosity, bacterial translocation, microbiota composition and bone mineralisation in broiler chickens fed on a rye-based diet. Br Poult Sci 2015; 56:723-32. [PMID: 26539833 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2015.1101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1. The effects of the dietary inclusion of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) candidate on digesta viscosity, bacterial translocation, microbiota composition and bone mineralisation were evaluated in broilers consuming rye-based diets. 2. In the present study, control mash rye-based diets (CON) or Bacillus-DFM supplemented diets (TRT) were administered ad libitum to male broilers in three independent experiments. 3. In Experiments 1 and 2 (n = 25/group), liver samples were taken to evaluate bacterial translocation, digesta samples were used for viscosity measurements and the intestinal microbial flora was evaluated from different intestinal sections to enumerate total recovered gram-negative bacteria (TGB), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and anaerobic bacteria (TAB). Additionally, both tibias were removed for assessment of bone quality. 4. In Experiment 3, each experimental group had 8 replicates of 20 chickens (n = 160/group). Weekly, body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were evaluated. At d 28-of-age, samples were taken to determine bacterial translocation, digesta viscosity and bone quality characteristics. 5. In all experiments, consumption of Bacillus-DFM reduced bacterial translocation to the liver and digesta viscosity. Additionally, DFM supplementation improved BW, bone quality measurements and FCR. Moreover, chickens fed on the Bacillus-DFM diet in Experiments 1 and 2 showed a significant reduction in the number of gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria in the duodenal content compared to control. 6. In summary, chickens fed on a rye-based diet without DFM inclusion showed an increase in bacterial translocation and digesta viscosity, accompanied by reduced performance and bone quality variables relative to the Bacillus-DFM candidate group. Hence, incorporation into the feed of a selected DFM ameliorated the adverse anti-nutritional effects related to utilisation of rye-based diets in broilers chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Latorre
- a Department of Poultry Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , USA
| | - X Hernandez-Velasco
- b Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , México
| | - L R Bielke
- a Department of Poultry Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , USA
| | - J L Vicente
- c Pacific Vet Group-USA, Inc. , Fayetteville , AR , USA
| | - R Wolfenden
- c Pacific Vet Group-USA, Inc. , Fayetteville , AR , USA
| | - A Menconi
- a Department of Poultry Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , USA
| | - B M Hargis
- a Department of Poultry Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , USA
| | - G Tellez
- a Department of Poultry Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , USA
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Sayehban P, Seidavi A, Dadashbeiki M, Ghorbani A, Araújo WAG, Albino LFT. Effects of Different Dietary Levels of Two Types of Olive Pulp and Exogenous Enzyme Supplementation on the Gastrointestinal tract size, Immunology and Hematology of Broilers. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635xspecialissuenutrition-poultryfeedingadditives073-086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - WAG Araújo
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil
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19
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Saldaña B, Guzmán P, Safaa HM, Harzalli R, Mateos GG. Influence of the main cereal and feed form of the rearing phase diets on performance, digestive tract, and body traits of brown-egg laying pullets from hatch to 17 weeks of age. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2650-61. [PMID: 26362977 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the main cereal and feed form of the rearing phase diets on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract characteristics, and body traits were studied in brown-egg pullets from hatch to 17 wk of age. Eight dietary treatments that were a combination of 2 main cereals (corn vs. wheat) and 4 feeding programs were used. The feeding program consisted in feeding crumbles from 0 to 5, 0 to 10, or 0 to 17 wk of age followed by mash until 17 wk, or feeding mash continuously from 0 to 17 wk. Each treatment was replicated 9 times. From hatch to 17 wk of age, pullets fed corn had similar ADG but poorer feed conversion ratio (FCR; P < 0.001) than pullets fed wheat. Also, pullets fed crumbles continuously (0 to 17 wk) had greater ADG (12.3 vs. 11.5 g; P < 0.001) and better FCR (4.21 vs. 4.36; P < 0.001) than pullets feed mash continuously, with pullets that were changed at any age of the rearing period from crumbles to mash feeding showing intermediate results. At 17 wk of age, the relative weights (% BW) of the gastrointestinal tract and gizzard were greater in pullets fed corn than in pullets fed wheat (P < 0.01) but the relative length (cm/kg full BW) of the small intestine, body, and tarsus was not affected. Pullets fed crumbles continuously had lighter gizzards (P < 0.001), higher gizzard pH (P < 0.001), and were shorter (P < 0.01) than pullets fed mash continuously, with pullets fed the other 2 treatments being intermediate. In summary, wheat can be used in substitution of corn in pullet diets without any adverse effect on growth performance. Feeding crumbles improves pullet performance but hinders gizzard and gastrointestinal tract development. Growth performance, gastrointestinal tract, and body traits of the pullets re-adapt quickly to changes in feed form of the rearing diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Saldaña
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Guzmán
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - H M Safaa
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Harzalli
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G G Mateos
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Administration of a novel plant extract product via drinking water to post-weaning piglets: effects on performance and gut health. Animal 2015; 8:721-30. [PMID: 24739350 DOI: 10.1017/s175173111400041x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of a novel plant extract (PE) product (GrazixTM) on the performance and gut health of weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli. The PE was a standardised mixture of green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) and pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum) obtained by using the LiveXtract™ process. A total of 144 piglets were weaned at 24 days and allocated to 8 for a 35-day experiment with a 2×2×2 factorial design comparing different treatments (water without product (CT) or 8 μl/kg per day PE in drinking water (PE)), feeding regimens (ad libitum (AD) or restricted (RE)) and oral E. coli challenges on day 9 (sham (-) or infected (+)). There were six pens per group with three piglets per pen. On day 35, 24 of the RE feeding piglets were slaughtered. It was found that PE supplementation increased the average daily gain (ADG) from day 28 to day 35 (P=0.03) and increased the gain to feed ratio (G : F) from day 7 to day 14 (P=0.02). RE feeding led to lower feed intake in piglets during the 1st week (P<0.01), 2nd week (P=0.06), 3rd week (P=0.05), and throughout the course of the overall study period (P=0.05). E. coli challenge decreased the ADG and G : F ratio from day 7 to day 14 (P=0.08 and <0.01, respectively) and increased the faecal score (higher values indicate more severe diarrhoea) on days 14, 21, 28 and 35 (P<0.01). PE supplementation decreased the faecal score in the challenged piglets during the 1st week post-challenge (P<0.01). E. coli challenge increased the faecal E. coli level on day 14 (P=0.03) and increased the Enterobacteriaceae level on day 35 (P<0.01). Reduced faecal E. coli was observed on days 14 and 35 (P=0.05 and 0.02, respectively), and reduced Enterobacteriaceae (P<0.01) was found on day 35 in the PE animals. RE feeding increased the faecal Lactobacillus, Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli levels on day 35 (P=0.02, <0.01 and <0.01, respectively). These results suggest that PE supplementation may improve the gut health status of post-weaning piglets and counteract some of the negative effects that occur when piglets are challenged with E. coli.
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Latorre JD, Hernandez-Velasco X, Kogut MH, Vicente JL, Wolfenden R, Wolfenden A, Hargis BM, Kuttappan VA, Tellez G. Role of a Bacillus subtilis Direct-Fed Microbial on Digesta Viscosity, Bacterial Translocation, and Bone Mineralization in Turkey Poults Fed with a Rye-Based Diet. Front Vet Sci 2014; 1:26. [PMID: 26664925 PMCID: PMC4668850 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2014.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rye contains high concentrations of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), leading to reduced digestibility. Since poultry have little or no endogenous enzymes capable of hydrolyzing these NSP, exogenous carbohydrases as feed additives are used in an attempt to reduce the anti-nutritional effects of these polysaccharides. Previously, an in vitro study conducted in our laboratory showed that inclusion of certain Bacillus direct-fed microbial (DFM) candidates that produce exogenous phytase, lipase, protease, cellulase, and xylanase in high-NSP diets significantly reduced both digesta viscosity and Clostridium perfringens proliferation. In the present study, rye-based turkey starter diets with or without Bacillus-DFM were administered ad libitum to day-of-hatch turkey poults in two independent experiments. In both experiments, day-of-hatch turkey poults were randomly assigned to either a control diet (CON) or a DFM treated diet (n = 25 birds/group). At 10 days-of-age, all turkey poults from experiments 1 and 2 were weighted and 12 turkey poults/group were randomly selected and humanely killed. Liver samples were aseptically collected to evaluate bacterial translocation, and intestinal digesta samples were individually collected to evaluate viscosity. Additionally, in experiment 2 both tibias were removed for assessment of bone parameters. In both experiments, the treated group showed a reduction in the total number of coliforms in the liver and a reduced digesta viscosity when compared to the CON group (P < 0.05). Turkey poults fed the Bacillus-DFM candidate had increased tibia diameter, breaking strength, ash content, calcium content, and phosphorus content when compared with CON turkey poults. In summary, turkey poults fed with a rye-based diet without DFM showed an increase in bacterial translocation and digesta viscosity, accompanied by a reduction in bone mineralization; however, these adverse effects can be prevented by the inclusion of selected a Bacillus-DFM candidate in high-NSP diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR , USA
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Michael H Kogut
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center , College Station, TX , USA
| | | | | | - Amanda Wolfenden
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR , USA
| | - Billy M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR , USA
| | - Vivek A Kuttappan
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR , USA
| | - Guillermo Tellez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR , USA
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Jahanian R, Rasouli E. Chemical composition, amino acid profile and metabolizable energy value of pasta refusals, and its application in broiler diets in response to feed enzyme. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Digestive Enzymatic Responses of Chickens Feed-restricted and Refed as Affected by Age. J Poult Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0130104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Santos C, Ribeiro T, Ponte P, Fernandes V, Falcão L, Freire J, Prates J, Ferreira L, Fontes C, Lordelo M. The effects of restricting enzyme supplementation in rye-based diets for broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Barekatain M, Antipatis C, Choct M, Iji P. Interaction between protease and xylanase in broiler chicken diets containing sorghum distillers’ dried grains with solubles. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zou J, Zheng P, Zhang K, Ding X, Bai S. Effects of exogenous enzymes and dietary energy on performance and digestive physiology of broilers. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2013; 4:14. [PMID: 23556436 PMCID: PMC3663665 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to compare the effects of XG with AG and BM at different metabolizable energy diets on growth performance, digestive physiology and energy utilization of broilers fed with corn-SBM diet. A 2 × 4 factorial design was used with two basal diets (the positive control group, PC; negative control with ME reduction 100 kcal/kg, NC) and with or without the addition of three exogenous enzymes (0.02% BM; 0.01% AG; 0.05% XG) respectively. 1,200 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 8 treatments with 10 pens of 15 broilers. There was no significant difference on BW, BWG, and FI at 0-21d, 21-42d or 0-42d for diet, enzymes or their interactions, but FI at 22-42d and 0-42d were tend to be decreased with the addition of enzymes. The F/G was significantly improved by the addition of enzymes especially in NC diet. The dietary AME and TME in PC or NC diet were significantly increased by XG or AG in NC diet. The villus length and V/C of ileum were significantly increased by the addition of BM or XG. XG improved the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase, BM improved the activity of trypsin at 21d, and AG improved the activity of chymotrypsin at 21d. Comparing to PC diet, the addition of enzymes in PC or NC diet decreased feed cost per kg body weight gain especially in NC diet (except AG in PC diet) with the highest profits for XG in NC diet. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.02% BM or 0.01% AG or 0.05% XG could improve feed conversion of broilers in corn-soybean meal diet by improving energy utilization and digestive physiology, and also supplementation of 0.05% XG had a preferable efficacy in low energy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Kianfar R, Alahyari-Shahrasb M, Moravej H, Kim WK. Comparative Apparent Metabolizable Energy Values of Soaking, Fermentation withLactobacillusand Enzyme Treatment of Barley in Cockerels and Quails. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2012.00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhollah Kianfar
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Agriculture; University of Tabriz; Tabriz Iran
| | - Majid Alahyari-Shahrasb
- Young Researchers Club; Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Abarkooh/Yazd Iran
| | - Hoseein Moravej
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources; The University of Tehran; Karaj Iran
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada R3T 2N2
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Safaa HM, Jiménez-Moreno E, Valencia DG, Frikha M, Serrano MP, Mateos GG. Effect of main cereal of the diet and particle size of the cereal on productive performance and egg quality of brown egg-laying hens in early phase of production. Poult Sci 2009; 88:608-14. [PMID: 19211532 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 960 Lohmann Brown laying hens were used to study the effects of the main cereal of the diet and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the cereal on productive performance and egg quality from 20 to 48 wk of age. The experiment was a completely randomized design with 6 treatments arranged factorially with 2 cereals (dent corn vs. durum wheat) and 3 GMD of the cereal (hammer-milled to pass through 6-, 8-, or 10-mm screens). Each treatment was replicated 8 times (20 hens per replicate). All diets were formulated to be isonutritive and contained 50% of either corn or wheat. Productive traits were recorded every 4 wk and egg quality was measured at 48 wk of age. The only significant effect detected was for feed intake (P < 0.05) that was greater for hens fed coarse-ground cereals (10-mm screen) than for hens fed medium and fine-ground cereals (8- or 6-mm screen). None of the egg quality parameters studied were influenced by dietary treatment. We conclude that neither type of cereal nor GMD affected productive performance or egg quality of young brown hens, except for feed intake that increased with the coarser particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Safaa
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Spain
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Gracia M, Lázaro R, Latorre M, Medel P, Araníbar M, Jiménez-Moreno E, Mateos G. Influence of enzyme supplementation of diets and cooking–flaking of maize on digestive traits and growth performance of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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García M, Lázaro R, Latorre M, Gracia M, Mateos G. Influence of Enzyme Supplementation and Heat Processing of Barley on Digestive Traits and Productive Performance of Broilers. Poult Sci 2008; 87:940-8. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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31
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González-Alvarado JM, Jiménez-Moreno E, Lázaro R, Mateos GG. Effect of type of cereal, heat processing of the cereal, and inclusion of fiber in the diet on productive performance and digestive traits of broilers. Poult Sci 2007; 86:1705-15. [PMID: 17626817 DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.8.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the influence of cereal, heat processing of the cereal, and inclusion of additional fiber in the diet on the productive performance and digestive traits of broilers from 1 to 21 d of age. Twelve treatments were arranged factorially, with 2 cereals (corn and rice), 2 heat-processing treatments of the cereals (raw and cooked), and 3 sources of fiber (none, 3% oat hulls, and 3% soy hulls). Each treatment was replicated 6 (trial 1) or 3 (trial 2) times. Growth traits were recorded in both trials; digestive traits were measured in trial 1, and total tract apparent retention (TTAR) of nutrients was determined in trial 2. Feeding rice improved TTAR of all nutrients and feed conversion from 1 to 21 d of age (P <or= 0.001). In addition, feeding rice increased the pH of gizzard digesta (P <or= 0.001) and reduced the relative weight (RW) of most digestive organs. Heat processing had little effect on the growth or size of digestive organs but improved the TTAR of most nutrients in the corn diets. Fiber inclusion improved the TTAR of most nutrients, BW gain (P <or= 0.01), and feed conversion (P <or= 0.001) from 1 to 21 d of age. In addition, fiber inclusion increased the RW of the gizzard (P <or= 0.001), ceca (P <or= 0.05), and digestive tract (P <or= 0.01) and reduced digesta pH (P <or= 0.001) and the length of the small intestine (P <or= 0.05). The effects of hulls on RW of the gizzard and on the TTAR were more pronounced for the rice diets than for the corn diets. We concluded that rice can be used successfully in broiler diets and that heat processing of the cereal does not have any beneficial effect on broiler performance. The inclusion of moderate amounts of fiber in low-fiber diets might improve chick performance at early ages by reducing gizzard pH and improving the utilization of nutrients. Therefore, young broiler chicks might require a minimal amount of fiber in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M González-Alvarado
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Nahm KH. Feed formulations to reduce N excretion and ammonia emission from poultry manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2007; 98:2282-300. [PMID: 17303412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2005] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This summary focuses on reducing nitrogen (N) and ammonia emissions from poultry manure through the use of improved amino acid digestibilities and enzyme supplementation. Proper feed processing techniques, phase feeding, and the minimization of feed and water waste can contribute to additional minor reductions in these emissions. Reductions in environmental pollution can be achieved through improved diet formulation based on available nutrients in the ingredients, reducing crude protein (CP) levels and adding synthetic amino acids. Use of amino acid and CP digestibilities can reduce N excretion up to 40% and a 25% increase in N digestibility can be achieved with enzyme supplementation in broiler diets. Digestibilities can be measured by two methods: the excreta and ileal amino acid digestibilities. Both methods allow amino acid levels to be reduced by 10% or more. Enzyme supplementation decreases intestinal viscosity, improves metabolizable energy levels, and increases amino acid digestibilities. Many feed manufacturers still use total amino acid content to formulate feeds. To meet amino acid requirements, crystalline amino acids are needed. The use of feather, meat and bone meal must not be overestimated or underestimated and the limiting amino acids such as cystine, tryptophan, and threonine must be carefully analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Nahm
- Feed and Nutrition Laboratory, College of Life and Environmental Science, Taegu University, Gyong San 712-714, South Korea.
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