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Liu L, Yang N, Chen Y, Xu Z, Zhang Q, Miao X, Zhao Y, Hu G, Liu L, Song Z, Li X. Effects of fulvic acid on broiler performance, blood biochemistry, and intestinal microflora. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103273. [PMID: 38096671 PMCID: PMC10762468 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To study the effects of mineral fulvic acid (FuA) on broiler performance, slaughter performance, blood biochemistry index, antioxidant function, immune performance, and intestinal microflora, 360 Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chickens with similar body weights were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 12 chickens in each replicate in the current study. Chickens in the control group (C) were fed with the basal diet, and chickens in the test groups (I, II, III, and IV) were fed with the diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% mineral FuA, respectively. The indicators were measured on the hatching day, d 21 and d 35. From the whole experimental period, FuA supplement significantly increased average body weight (ABW) (P < 0.05), average daily gain (ADG) of broilers (P < 0.05), and thymus weight (P < 0.05) in II and IV groups, but bascially reduced the pH value of thigh meat. FuA supplement significantly improved aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in the group III on d 35 (P < 0.05) and the serum levels of IgA and IgG on d 21 and d 35 (P < 0.05), but reduced glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) level on d 21 (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in serum on d 35 (P < 0.05). FuA supplement significantly affected the abundance of Barnesiella, Lachnospiraceae, Alistipes, Lactobacillus, and Christensenellaceae on genus level. Differences between group III and other groups were significant in the genera microflora composition on d 21 and d 35. Functional analysis showed that the cecum microbiota were mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism. In conclusion, FuA may potentially have significant positive effects on the growth performance and immune function of AA chickens through the modulation of the gut microbiota, and the 0.1% FuA was the best in broiler diet based on the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Na Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yueji Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuxiu Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Geng Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Liying Liu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhi Song
- Shandong Agricultural Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd., Feicheng, Shandong 271600, China
| | - Xianyao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Yi W, Liu Y, Fu S, Zhuo J, Zhang W, Liu S, Tu Y, Shan T. Effect of a novel alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology of white feather broilers. J Sci Food Agric 2024. [PMID: 38284560 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary novel alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis on the growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant status and intestinal morphology of broilers. In total, 4000 broilers were randomly assigned into five groups and treated with normal control, normal control + 100 mg kg-1 protease, normal control + 200 mg kg-1 protease, normal control + 300 mg kg-1 protease and normal control + 400 mg kg-1 protease. RESULTS Supplementing protease impacted final body weight (linear, P = 0.003; quadratic, P = 0.006) and decreased feed conversion rate (linear, P = 0.036) in broilers. Moreover, dietary protease significantly increased breast muscle rate (linear, P = 0.005; quadratic, P = 0.021) and decreased drip loss (linear, P < 0.001; quadratic, P < 0.001). In addition, dietary protease notably increased protein digestibility (linear, P = 0.001; quadratic, P = 0.006) and trypsin activity (linear, P = 0.002; quadratic, P = 0.009) in jejunum. Light microscopy revealed that the jejunum villi in the 300 mg kg-1 and 400 mg kg-1 groups exhibited greater height and a denser arrangement compared to those in the control group. The addition of protease decreased malondialdehyde content (linear, P < 0.001; quadratic, P < 0.001) and increased total antioxidant capacity (linear, P = 0.001; quadratic, P < 0.001) in pectoral muscles. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that dietary novel alkaline protease from B. licheniformis improved growth performance by affecting trypsin activity, protein digestibility, antioxidant capacity and intestinal health. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuzhou Yi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Jinan Bestzyme Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Shijun Fu
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science& Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, China
| | - Jianshu Zhuo
- Jinan Bestzyme Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Wenye Zhang
- ShanXi ShiYang Agricultural Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Shanxi, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunang Tu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
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Amoozmehr A, Dastar B, Ashayerizadeh O, Mirshekar R, Abdollahi MR. Effect of feed form and nutrient density on growth performance, blood parameters, and intestinal traits in broiler breeder pullets. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102700. [PMID: 37141808 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feed form and nutrient density on growth performance, blood parameters, and intestinal traits of broiler breeder pullets during grower (7-19 wk) and pre-breeder (19 weeks to 5% production) periods. A total of 450 female broiler breeder pullets were used in a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement including 3 feed forms (mash, crumble, and pellet) and 2 nutrient densities (standard diet with the nutrient requirement of Ross 308 parent stock nutrition specification, and diluted diet by using sunflower hull to have 10% lower nutrient than the standard diet). Five replicates with 15 pullets per replicate were allocated to each of the 6 treatments. Blood samples were collected at 19 wk of age. Egg production reached 5% in the mid of 25 wk. Results showed that pullets fed crumble or pellet diets had greater body weight gain and a lower feed to gain ratio (F:G; P < 0.001). Diet dilution led to a decrease in body weight gain while increasing the F:G (P < 0.05). Pullets fed the pellet diets had shorter eating times than those fed crumble diets, whereas the longest eating time belonged to pullets fed mash diets (P < 0.001). Pullets fed pellet diet had a greater heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio than those fed crumble or mash diets (P = 0.007). Diluting the diet led to a decrease in the H/L ratio (P = 0.026). Neither feed form nor nutrient density had a significant effect on body weight uniformity, blood glucose and lipid concentrations, liver enzyme activities, and intestinal traits (P > 0.05). It can be concluded that pelleted or crumbled diets with lower nutrient density can be considered in broiler breeder's pullets feeding with no detrimental effect on their performance or health state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvar Amoozmehr
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Shahid Beheshti Ave, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Behrouz Dastar
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Shahid Beheshti Ave, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Omid Ashayerizadeh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Shahid Beheshti Ave, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Reza Mirshekar
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Shahid Beheshti Ave, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, New Zealand
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Alqhtani AH, Al Sulaiman AR, Alharthi AS, Abudabos AM. Effect of Exogenous Enzymes Cocktail on Performance, Carcass Traits, Biochemical Metabolites, Intestinal Morphology, and Nutrient Digestibility of Broilers Fed Normal and Low-Energy Corn-Soybean Diets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091094. [PMID: 35565521 PMCID: PMC9102295 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ross 308 broilers in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement (four treatments with 12 replications of six chicks each) were fed corn and SBMbased diets with two concentrations of metabolizable energy (ME) (normal (positive control, PC) and low (negative control, NC)) and two amounts of enzyme cocktail (EC) (0% and 0.005%) for 35 days. Performance, carcass traits, serum metabolites, ileal histology, and apparent nutrient digestibility were evaluated. Compared with the non-supplemented diet, the use of EC improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) over 26−35 and 0−35 days (p < 0.01), European performance efficiency factor (EPEF) over 26−35 days (p < 0.05), dressing yield (p < 0.01), villus height (p < 0.05), nitrogen-corrected apparent ME (AMEn) (p < 0.01), and serum glucose (p < 0.05). Compared with the NC diet, feeding the PC diet improved FCR over all experimental periods (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively), EPEF over 0−10 days (p < 0.05), and AMEn retention (p < 0.01). To conclude, the AMEn of broilers fed corn and SBM diets could be improved by adequately adjusting dietary ME and using a cocktail of non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, improving commercial benefits to producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmohsen H. Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Ali R. Al Sulaiman
- National Center for Environmental Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrahman S. Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Alaeldein M. Abudabos
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (A.S.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Olgun O, Tuğçe Şentürk E, Yıldız A. Effect of the use of flaked maize in diets with reduced metabolic energy on performance, egg quality, and serum parameters in layer quails. Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.8941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
<b>The research was conducted to determine the effects of substituting raw maize with flaked maize in diets containing different levels of metabolic energy on the performance, egg quality, and serum parameters of layer quails. In the experiment, 120 female quails at ten weeks of age were randomly allocated to six treatment groups with four replicates, each consisting of five quails. The quails were fed six diets, with two forms of maize (raw or flaked) and three metabolic energy levels (2750, 2825 or 2900 (control) kcal/kg) during a ten-week trial. Compared with the control group, reducing the metabolic energy level of the diet to 2750 kcal/kg negatively affected egg production (P < 0,01), egg mass (P < 0,01), feed conversion ratio (P < 0,01), and serum cholesterol concentration (P < 0,05). Eggshell thickness decreased significantly in the group receiving 2750 kcal/kg metabolic energy in the diet, and the yolk b* value increased significantly (P < 0,01). The use of flaked maize in the diets significantly increased egg production (P < 0,05), egg mass (P < 0,05), eggshell thickness (P < 0,05), and yolk L* value (P < 0,01) and significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio (P < 0,05) and b* value of the yolk (P < 0,05). Although the effects of the interactions of the metabolic energy levels and forms of maize on the egg yolk b* value were significant (P < 0,01), this effect was not significant for the other parameters. The results indicate that layer quails can be fed diets containing 2825 kcal/kg metabolic energy and that replacement of raw maize with flaked maize in the diet positively affects performance and egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Olgun
- Selcuk University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Animal Science
| | | | - Alpönder Yıldız
- Selcuk University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Animal Science
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Wang J, Zhang M, Gou Z, Jiang S, Zhang Y, Wang M, Tang X, Xu B. The Effect of Camellia oleifera Cake Polysaccharides on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, Blood Profile, and Caecum Microorganisms in Yellow Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020266. [PMID: 32046177 PMCID: PMC7070595 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Plant originated polysaccharides used as feed additives have gradually become popular for the health and nutrition of broilers. In the present study, polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera cake (CCP) were added to the daily diet of yellow broilers. Our results indicated that the immunity of the broilers was boosted due to the increasing weight or index of gizzard, spleen, and the thymus. CCP treatment improved the juiciness and changed the meat color of broilers by increasing the cooking loss and the yellowness. Additionally, the structure of intestinal flora altered as a response to the CCP supplementation, which favored the health of broilers. Results have revealed that CCP has potential and development value as a new type of feed additive for broilers. Abstract The study was carried out to evaluate the influence of polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera cake (CCP) in Lingnan yellow broilers diet from 1 to 50 days. Growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, blood profile, and caecum microorganisms were characterized by three different levels of 0, 200 and 800 mg/kg CCP supplementation. Dietary treatment did not affect the productive trait from 1 to 50 days of age, except that average daily feed intake decreased at 42 days of age (p < 0.05). Additionally, the effects of CCP on various organs were different. The weight (p < 0.01) and index (p < 0.05) of bursa of Fabricius gradually decreased with the higher CCP supplementation at 21 days of the broilers diet. The gizzard weights were all higher when the broilers were fed with higher CCP concentration at 21, 42, and 50 days, respectively (p < 0.05). The weight and index of the spleen increased most with low CCP concentration (200 mg/kg) at 42 and 50 days. Moreover, CCP addition had no significant effect on meat quality except cooking loss (P < 0.05) and yellowness of meat color (p < 0.05). In the study of blood metabolism at 50 days of broilers, the concentration of calcium (p < 0.01), total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and uric acid (p < 0.01) decreased with higher CCP supplementation. CCP increased the albumin concentration (p < 0.001) that was highest at 200 mg/kg CCP supplementation. The addition of CCP increased the number of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus faecalis (p < 0.01) in the caecum of broilers, and had the potential to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli (p = 0.11). Results showed that CCP played a role in improving intestinal flora and the immunity of yellow broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (J.W.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (X.T.); (B.X.)
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (J.W.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (X.T.); (B.X.)
| | - Zhongyong Gou
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Yingzhong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (J.W.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (X.T.); (B.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-8707-1272
| | - Minghuai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (J.W.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (X.T.); (B.X.)
| | - Xuxiao Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (J.W.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (X.T.); (B.X.)
| | - Baohua Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (J.W.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (X.T.); (B.X.)
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Olukosi OA, González-Ortiz G, Whitfield H, Bedford MR. Comparative aspects of phytase and xylanase effects on performance, mineral digestibility, and ileal phytate degradation in broilers and turkeys. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1528-39. [PMID: 32111320 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were performed, using broilers or turkeys, each utilizing a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, to compare their response to phytase and xylanase supplementation with growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and ileal phytate degradation as response criteria. For both experiments, 960 Ross 308 or 960 BUT 10 (0-day-old) birds were allocated to 6 treatments: (1) control diet, containing phytase at 500 FTU/kg; (2) the control diet with xylanase (16,000 BXU/kg); (3) the control diet supplemented on top with phytase (1,500 FTU/kg); (4) diet supplemented with 1,500 FTU/kg phytase and xylanase (16,000 BXU/kg); (5) the control diet supplemented with phytase (3,000 FTU/kg); and (6) diet supplemented with 3,000 FTU/kg phytase and xylanase (16,000 BXU/kg). Each treatment had 8 replicates of 20 birds each. Water and diets based on wheat, soybean meal, oilseed rape meal, and barley were available ad libitum. Body weight gain and feed intake were measured from 0 to 28 D, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) corrected for mortality was calculated. Ileal digestibility for dry matter and minerals on day 7 and 28 were analyzed in addition to levels of inositol phosphate esters (InsP6-3) and myo-inositol. Statistical comparisons were performed using ANOVA. Xylanase supplementation improved 28D FCR in broilers and turkeys. Increasing doses of phytase reduced FI and improved FCR only in broilers. In broilers, the age × phytase interaction for phosphorous digestibility showed that increasing phytase dose was more visible on day 7, than on day 28. Mineral digestibility was lower in 28-day-old turkey compared with 7-day-old turkey. InsP6 disappearance increased with increasing phytase levels in both species, with lower levels analyzed in turkeys. InsP6 disappearance was greater in younger turkeys (day 7 compared with day 28). In conclusion, although broilers and turkeys shared several similarities in their growth and nutrient utilization responses, the outcomes of the 2 trials also differed in many aspects. Whether this is because of difference in diets (InsP or Ca level) or differences between species needs further investigation.
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Amerah A, Gilbert C, Simmins P, Ravindran V. Influence of feed processing on the efficacy of exogenous enzymes in broiler diets. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2011; 67:29-46. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933911000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mateos G, Cámara L, Fondevila G, Lázaro R. Critical Review of the Procedures Used for Estimation of the Energy Content of Diets and Ingredients in Poultry. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gallardo C, Dadalt JC, Trindade Neto MA. Nitrogen retention, energy, and amino acid digestibility of wheat bran, without or with multicarbohydrase and phytase supplementation, fed to broiler chickens. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2371-2379. [PMID: 29746701 PMCID: PMC6095285 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the effects of multicarbohydrase (MC) preparation (700 U α-galactosidase, 2,200 U galactomannanase, 3,000 U xylanase, and 22,000 U β-glucanase per kg of diet) and phytase (Phy, 500 FTU per kg of diet) supplementation on the nutritive value of wheat bran (WB) in broiler chicks. Trial 1 determined retention of nutrients and apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen (AMEn). One reference diet (RD) protein-free (85% corn based) was fortified to determine the WB nutrient retention coefficient. Trial 2 determined standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA, when pancreas and liver were weighed. An additional group of bird was fed with an RD with 5% casein-corn starch diet, fortified with vitamins and minerals to quantify the endogenous fraction and determine SID of AA. For each trial, the test diets were made by mixing RD and WB 7:3 (wt/wt) and fed without or with MC or Phy or combination. Male broilers (Cobb 500), 245 d old, were allocated to five treatments to give seven replicates (seven birds/cage). The birds were fed a commercial diet from day 0 to10 followed by Trial 1 diets from day 11 to 18 and finally Trial 2 diets from day 19 to 21. Excreta samples were collected on days 15-18 and all birds were slaughtered on day 21 for ileal digesta. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) between MC and Phy on retention of DM, N, P, and AMEn. An interaction (P < 0.05) was also observed on SID of Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Phe, Thr, Val, Asp, Cys, Glu, and Ser. Responses of MC plus Phy supplementation were higher (P < 0.05) on overall SID of AA by 6.05% (75.18 to 94.26%), compared with responses for MC (2.35%; 72.04 to 88.97) or Phy (3.46%; 73.27 to 92.13). Liver and pancreas weights were affected (P < 0.05) by the single MC supplementation. The MC and Phy combination may be an effective strategy to improve AA utilization of WB in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Gallardo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo 13635-015, Brazil
| | - Julio Cezar Dadalt
- Department of Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo 13635-015, Brazil
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Nguyen D, Tran H, Yun H, Kim I. Influence of a cocktail of protease and xylanase in different energy densities of corn- and soybean-meal-based diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass quality, and gas emission in broilers. Can J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A total of 480 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers with an average initial body weight (BW) of 42 ± 1 g was randomly divided into four treatments (8 replicates/treatment, 15 birds/replicate) by their BW to evaluate the influence of a cocktail of protease and xylanase in different energy density of corn- and soybean-meal-based diet on broilers. This experiment lasted for 35 d and there were two phases; starter (1–18 d) and finisher (19–35 d). The experiment was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of metabolizable energy and the cocktail enzyme with 200 mg of protease kg−1 diet and 100 FXU xylanase kg−1 diet. Both high-nutrient density and cocktail enzyme supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the body weight gain (BWG) during day 1–18 and day 1–35 as well as dry matter retention on day 35. Broilers fed the high-nutrient-density diets had higher (P < 0.05) energy retention on day 35 and relative breast muscle weight. Broilers fed the cocktail enzyme diets significantly increased nitrogen (N) retention and decreased the levels of ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) emission. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of the cocktail enzyme component improved BWG, N retention, and reduced excreta noxious gas emission in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.H. Nguyen
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - H.N. Tran
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - H.M. Yun
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - I.H. Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
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Kimiaeitalab M, Mirzaie Goudarzi S, Jiménez-moreno E, Cámara L, Mateos G. A comparative study on the effects of dietary sunflower hulls on growth performance and digestive tract traits of broilers and pullets fed a pullet diet from 0 to 21 days of age. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018; 236:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Han HY, Zhang KY, Ding XM, Bai SP, Luo YH, Wang JP, Zeng QF. Effect of dietary fiber levels on performance, gizzard development, intestinal morphology, and nutrient utilization in meat ducks from 1 to 21 days of age. Poult Sci 2017; 96:4333-4341. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Puntigam R, Schedle K, Schwarz C, Wanzenböck E, Eipper J, Lechner EM, Yin L, Gierus M. Very high expander processing of maize on animal performance, digestibility and product quality of finishing pigs and broilers. Animal 2018; 12:1536-46. [PMID: 29103394 DOI: 10.1017/S1751731117002798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of hydrothermic maize processing and supplementation of amino acids (AA) in two experiments. In total, 60 barrows and 384 broilers were fed four diets including either unprocessed (T1), or hydrothermically processed maize, that is short- (T2), or long-term conditioned (LC) (T3), and subsequently expanded maize of the same batch. Assuming a higher metabolizable energy (ME) content after processing, the fourth diet (T4) contains maize processed as treatment T3, but AA were supplemented to maintain the ideal protein value. Performance, digestibility and product quality in both species were assessed. Results show that in pigs receiving T4 the average daily feed intake was lower compared with the other treatments, whereas no difference was observed in broilers. The T3 improved the feed conversion rate compared with T1 (P<0.10) for both species. In contrast, average daily gain (ADG) (1277 g/day for T2 and 1267 g/day for T3 v. 971 g/day for T1) was only altered in pigs. The hydrothermic maize processing increased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, starch and ether extract after acid hydrolysis. This may be a consequence of higher ATTD of gross energy in the finishing phase for both animal species, suggesting a higher ME content in diets with processed maize. The higher ME content of diets with processed maize is supported also by measurements of product quality. Supplementation of AA in T4 enhanced the loin depth in pigs as well as the amount of breast meat in broilers. Further effects of processing maize on meat quality were the reduced yellowness and antioxidative capacity (P<0.10) for broilers, likely due to the heat damage of xanthophylls and tocopherols. Processing also increased springiness and chewiness (P<0.10) of the broilers breast meat, whereas the loin meat of pigs showed a decreased lightness and yellowness (P<0.10) in meat when hydrothermic processed maize was used (for T2, T3 and T4). LC processed maize (T3) showed the lowest springiness in pork, however the supplementation of AA in T4 did not show differences between the treatments. Shown results demonstrated positive effects of hydrothermic processing of maize on animal performance and digestibility in both species. However, effects on carcass characteristics and product quality differed. The negative effects on product quality could be partly compensated with the AA supplementation, whereas a change in meat colour and reduced antioxidative capacity was observed in all groups fed hydrothermic maize processing.
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Singh A, Berrocoso JD, Dersjant-Li Y, Awati A, Jha R. Effect of a combination of xylanase, amylase and protease on growth performance of broilers fed low and high fiber diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lan R, Li T, Kim I. Effects of xylanase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, fecal microbiota, fecal score and fecal noxious gas emission of weaning pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diet. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1398-1405. [PMID: 28226409 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of xylanase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, blood parameters, fecal microflora shedding, fecal score and fecal noxious gas emission of weaning pigs fed corn-soybean meal based diet. A total of 150 weaning pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 7.85 ± 0.93 kg were randomly allocated to three treatments based on BW and sex (10 replicate pens with five pigs, two gilts and three barrows) were used in this 42-day trial. Dietary treatments were: (1) CON, basal diet; (2) X1, basal diet +0.005% xylanase; (2) X2, basal diet +0.01% xylanase. The xylanase supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG), and gain : feed ratio (G:F) from days 29 to 42 and the in overall period, dry matter, nitrogen and energy digestibility, and fecal Lactobacilli counts, and linearly decreased (P < 0.05) blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, fecal NH3 and H2 S emission. Additionally, at weeks 5 and 6, there was a linear decrease in fecal score with xylanase supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of xylanase improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, shifted microbiota by increasing fecal Lactobacillus counts, decreased BUN concentration, fecal score, and fecal NH3 and H2 S emission in weaning pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Lan
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Tianshui Li
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Inho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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Yuan L, Wang M, Zhang X, Wang Z. Effects of protease and non-starch polysaccharide enzyme on performance, digestive function, activity and gene expression of endogenous enzyme of broilers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173941. [PMID: 28323908 PMCID: PMC5360255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three hundred one-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross-308) were fed corn-soybean basal diets containing non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) enzyme and different levels of acid protease from 1 to 42 days of age to investigate the effects of exogenous enzymes on growth performance, digestive function, activity of endogenous digestive enzymes in the pancreas and mRNA expression of pancreatic digestive enzymes. For days 1-42, compared to the control chickens, average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) were significantly enhanced by the addition of NSP enzyme in combination with protease supplementation at 40 or 80 mg/kg (p<0.05). Feed-to-gain ratio (FGR) was significantly improved by supplementation with NSP enzymes or NSP enzyme combined with 40 or 80 mg/kg protease compared to the control diet (p<0.05). Apparent digestibility of crude protein (ADCP) was significantly enhanced by the addition of NSP enzyme or NSP enzyme combined with 40 or 80 mg/kg protease (p<0.05). Cholecystokinin (CCK) level in serum was reduced by 31.39% with NSP enzyme combined with protease supplementation at 160 mg/kg (p<0.05), but the CCK level in serum was increased by 26.51% with NSP enzyme supplementation alone. After 21 days, supplementation with NSP enzyme and NSP enzyme combined with 40 or 80 mg/kg protease increased the activity of pancreatic trypsin by 74.13%, 70.66% and 42.59% (p<0.05), respectively. After 42 days, supplementation with NSP enzyme and NSP enzyme combined with 40 mg/kg protease increased the activity of pancreatic trypsin by 32.45% and 27.41%, respectively (p<0.05). However, supplementation with NSP enzyme and 80 or 160 mg/kg protease decreased the activity of pancreatic trypsin by 10.75% and 25.88%, respectively (p<0.05). The activities of pancreatic lipase and amylase were significantly higher in treated animals than they were in the control group (p<0.05). Supplementation with NSP enzyme, NSP enzyme combined with 40 or 80 mg/kg protease increased pancreatic trypsin mRNA levels by 40%, 44% and 28%, respectively. Supplementation with NSP enzyme and 160 mg/kg protease decreased pancreatic trypsin mRNA levels by 13%. Pancreatic lipase and amylase mRNA expression were significantly elevated in treated animals compared to the control group (p<0.05). These results suggest that the amount of NSP enzyme and acid protease in the diet significantly affects digestive function, endogenous digestive-enzyme activity and mRNA expression in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingfa Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaotu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Kimiaeitalab M, Cámara L, Mirzaie Goudarzi S, Jiménez-Moreno E, Mateos G. Effects of the inclusion of sunflower hulls in the diet on growth performance and digestive tract traits of broilers and pullets fed a broiler diet from zero to 21 d of age. A comparative study. Poult Sci 2017; 96:581-592. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Fatahian Dehkordi RA, Baghai R, Rahimi R. Morphometric properties and distribution of alpha-actin in the smooth muscle cells (ASMA) of the small intestine during development in chicken. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Guzmán P, Saldaña B, Kimiaeitalab M, García J, Mateos G. Inclusion of fiber in diets for brown-egg laying pullets: Effects on growth performance and digestive tract traits from hatching to 17 weeks of age. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2722-33. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Saldaña B, Guzmán P, Cámara L, García J, Mateos G. Feed form and energy concentration of the diet affect growth performance and digestive tract traits of brown-egg laying pullets from hatching to 17 weeks of age. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1879-93. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Opoku EY, Classen HL, Scott TA. The effects of extrusion of wheat distillers dried grains with solubles with or without an enzyme cocktail on performance of turkey hen poults. Poult Sci 2015; 94:185-94. [PMID: 25595482 DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine if extrusion (EX) or enzymes (E) could overcome the restrictions (e.g., high fiber) of feeding wheat distillers dried grain with solubles (wDDGS) and improve its nutritional value for feeding turkeys. Two starter diets with either 0 or 30% wDDGS were formulated to meet or exceed the nutrient requirements of the Hybrid Converter female turkeys. The 30% wDDGS diet was substituted with either non-extruded (EX-) or extruded (EX+) wDDGS to produce three basal diets [0% wDDGS (EX-) or 30% wDDGS (EX-/EX+)]. Diets were blended to obtain 15% wDDGS. In the respective treatments, only wDDGS was extruded (temperature; 118°C, retention; 15 sec, total moisture; 25% and pressure 33 bar). The respective experimental diets were supplemented with/without an enzyme cocktail (E; 0.5 g/kg). Test diets were fed from 7-21 d in a completely randomized design. In Experiment 1, a total of 210 turkey hen poults were fed diets containing 0, 15, or 30% wDDGS (EX-) with or without enzyme (E+/E-). Body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) were significantly higher for 0% wDDGSE-. Nitrogen retention (NR) and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) for the 30% wDDGSE- was significantly higher than other treatments at 21 d. The results indicated significant main effects of E and an interaction between wDDGS level and E. In Experiment 2, 280 turkey hen poults were fed 8 diets [15/30% wDDGS (E+/E-), (EX-/EX+)]. The level of wDDGS had a significant effect on BW, FI and gain:feed; 15% inclusion was superior to 30%. There were significant 2- and 3-way interactions for AME and NR at 21 d due to differences in enzyme response with 15 or 30% wDDGS inclusion and/or extrusion of wDDGS. As high as 15% wDDGS can be incorporated in turkey hen diets. There were no beneficial effects of EX or E on poult performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Opoku
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N5A8
| | - H L Classen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N5A8
| | - T A Scott
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N5A8
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Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous enzymes on growth performance, ileal digestible energy (IDE) and apparent ileal digestibility of CP and amino acids (AA) in broiler chickens fed corn-soy diets formulated using 3 different sources of corn (corn 1, corn 2, and corn 3). One-day-old male broiler chicks (n = 3,600) were allocated to 15 dietary treatments as 5 treatments for each corn as follows: positive control (PC) with no exogenous enzymes and adequate in all nutrients; negative control (NC) without exogenous enzymes and a 3% reduction in calculated ME relative to the PC diet; NC plus a commercial xylanase; NC plus a commercial mixture of xylanase, amylase, and protease; and NC plus a commercial mixture of xylanase and β-glucanase. Enzyme products had no effects on performance variables, and in some instances, they had negative impacts. In most cases, there were no effects of enzyme products on IDE and digestibility of CP and AA in the starter and finisher phases. Effects of exogenous enzymes on ileal digestibility were mainly found in the grower phase, and these responses were mostly observed in birds fed corn 2 diets compared with birds receiving corn 1 or corn 3 diets. Although analyzed nutrient contents of 3 corn samples were similar, supplementing corn 2 diets with enzyme products was associated with greater responses on digestibility parameters. Factors related to diets (e.g., availability of substrates) and birds (e.g., enzymatic activities in the digestive tract) may have limited nutrient digestibility, and these limitations may have provided favorable conditions for exogenous enzymes to specifically work on their substrates in corn 2 diets in the grower phase. Effects of enzyme products on IDE and digestibility of CP and AA were not consistent and varied depending on corn sources, enzyme products, and dietary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yegani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Serrano MP, Frikha M, Corchero J, Mateos GG. Influence of feed form and source of soybean meal on growth performance, nutrient retention, and digestive organ size of broilers. 2. Battery study. Poult Sci 2013; 92:693-708. [PMID: 23436520 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of the amino acids (AA) of 4 commercial soybean meals (SBM) from the United States (USA-1, 48.1% CP and USA-2, 46.2% CP), Brazil (BRA, 47.6% CP), and Argentina (ARG, 46.3% CP) and the effects of the inclusion of these SBM in diets in mash, crumble, or pellet form on growth performance, total tract apparent retention of nutrients, and digestive organ size in broilers reared in cages from 1 to 25 d of age. In experiment 1, the AID of Lys was higher (P < 0.05) for the USA-2 than for the BRA SBM, with the SBM from USA-1 and ARG being intermediate. In experiment 2, 12 diets were arranged as a 3 × 4 factorial with 3 feed forms (mash, crumbles, and pellets) and the 4 sources of SBM used in experiment 1. The feeds were isonutritive and the AID of the AA of the SBM obtained in experiment 1 was used for diet formulation. Broilers fed mash had lower (P < 0.001) ADFI and ADG and poorer (P < 0.001) feed-to-gain ratio than broilers fed crumbles or pellets but source of SBM did not affect growth performance. Nitrogen retention was higher (P < 0.01) in birds fed mash than in birds fed crumbles or pellets at all ages. The total tract apparent retention of nutrients was lower (P < 0.05) for the BRA and ARG SBM diets than for the USA-1 and USA-2 SBM diets. Gizzard empty relative weight (% BW) was higher and gizzard pH lower for broilers fed mash than for broilers fed crumbles or pellets (P < 0.001). The results indicate that crumbling or pelleting of the diets improved growth performance of broilers from 1 to 25 d of age. Diets formulated with analyzed rather than calculated AID of AA of the SBM sources resulted in similar broiler performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Serrano
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Berrocoso JD, Saldaña B, Serrano MP, Cámara L, Ibáñez MA, Mateos GG. Influence of crude protein content, ingredient complexity, feed form, and duration of feeding of the Phase I diets on productive performance and nutrient digestibility of Iberian pigs. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:1237-46. [PMID: 23307842 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of CP content and ingredient complexity, feed form, and duration of feeding of the Phase I diets on growth performance and total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) of energy and nutrients was studied in Iberian pigs weaned at 28 d of age. There were 12 dietary treatments with 2 type of feeds (high-quality, HQ; and low-quality, LQ), 2 feed forms (pellets vs. mash), and 3 durations (7, 14, and 21 d) of supply of the Phase I diets. From d 7, 14, or 21 (depending on treatment) to d 35, all pigs received a common diet in mash form. Each treatment was replicated 3 times (6 pigs/pen). For the entire experiment, ADG (P < 0.05) and ADFI (P < 0.01) were less with the HQ than the LQ Phase I diets, but G:F was not affected. Pelleting of the Phase I diets did not affect ADG but improved G:F (P < 0.01). Feeding the Phase I diets from d 0 to 21 improved G:F (P < 0.05) but decreased ADG (P < 0.01) as compared with 7 or 14 d of feeding. Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) tended to be greater (P = 0.06) for pigs fed the HQ diets than pigs fed the LQ diets and pigs fed pellets than those fed mash (P < 0.001). Also, PWD was greater for pigs fed the Phase I diet for 14 or 21 d than those fed the diet for 7 d (P < 0.01). From d 0 to 21, ADG and G:F were not affected (P > 0.10) by feed quality, but feeding pellets or increasing the duration of feeding the Phase I diets improved G:F (P < 0.01). Also, in this period, PWD was greater with pellets than with mash and for pigs fed the Phase I diets for 14 or 21 d than for pigs fed the diet for only 7 d (P < 0.01). From d 21 to 35, pigs previously fed the LQ diet had greater ADG than pigs fed the HQ Phase I diets (P < 0.001). Also, pigs fed the Phase I diets for 21 d had decreased ADG (P < 0.05) and ADFI (P < 0.001) and reduced G:F (P < 0.05) than pigs fed these diets for 7 or 14 d. Organic matter digestibility was greater for pigs fed the HQ Phase I diets than pigs fed the LQ Phase I diets (P < 0.05). Pelleting improved TTAD of all nutrients (P < 0.01). It is concluded that HQ Phase I diets increased TTAD of nutrients but not feed efficiency of Iberian pigs from d 0 to 35. Also, pelleting improved energy and nutrient digestibility and feed efficiency. Increasing the duration of supply of the Phase I diets from 7 to 21 d improved feed efficiency but reduced ADG. Therefore, the use of LQ Phase I diets in pellet form for no more than 7 d after weaning is recommended in Iberian pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Berrocoso
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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de Vries S, Pustjens A, Schols H, Hendriks W, Gerrits W. Improving digestive utilization of fiber-rich feedstuffs in pigs and poultry by processing and enzyme technologies: A review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Al-saffar AE, Attia YA, Mahmoud MB, Zewell HS, Bovera F. Productive and reproductive performance and egg quality of laying hens fed diets containing different levels of date pits with enzyme supplementations. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 45:327-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Freitas D, Vieira S, Angel C, Favero A, Maiorka A. Performance and nutrient utilization of broilers fed diets supplemented with a novel mono-component protease. J APPL POULTRY RES 2011. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2010-00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Jiménez-Moreno E, Chamorro S, Frikha M, Safaa H, Lázaro R, Mateos G. Effects of increasing levels of pea hulls in the diet on productive performance, development of the gastrointestinal tract, and nutrient retention of broilers from one to eighteen days of age. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cardoso D, Salem A, Provenza F, Rojo R, Camacho L, Satterlee D. Cereal type in diet and housing system influences on growth performance and carcass yield in two Japanese quail genotypes. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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González-alvarado J, Jiménez-moreno E, González-sánchez D, Lázaro R, Mateos G. Effect of inclusion of oat hulls and sugar beet pulp in the diet on productive performance and digestive traits of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2010; 162:37-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jiménez-Moreno E, González-Alvarado J, González-Sánchez D, Lázaro R, Mateos G. Effects of type and particle size of dietary fiber on growth performance and digestive traits of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. Poult Sci 2010; 89:2197-212. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Li Y, Chen X, Chen Y, Li Z, Cao Y. Effects of β-mannanase expressed by Pichia pastoris in corn–soybean meal diets on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, energy utilization and immunoglobulin levels. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li Y, Fang Z, Dai J, Partridge G, Ru Y, Peng J. Corn extrusion and enzyme addition improves digestibility of corn/soy based diets by pigs: In vitro and in vivo studies. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Frikha M, Safaa H, Jiménez-Moreno E, Lázaro R, Mateos G. Influence of energy concentration and feed form of the diet on growth performance and digestive traits of brown egg-laying pullets from 1 to 120 days of age. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jiménez-Moreno E, González-Alvarado J, Lázaro R, Mateos G. Effects of type of cereal, heat processing of the cereal, and fiber inclusion in the diet on gizzard pH and nutrient utilization in broilers at different ages. Poult Sci 2009; 88:1925-33. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Frikha M, Safaa H, Serrano M, Arbe X, Mateos G. Influence of the main cereal and feed form of the diet on performance and digestive tract traits of brown-egg laying pullets. Poult Sci 2009; 88:994-1002. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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