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Dorado-Montenegro S, Habibi MF, Gerrits WJJ, de Vries S. Effect of adding soluble viscous fibers to diets containing coarse and finely ground insoluble fibers on digesta transit behavior and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103487. [PMID: 38367469 PMCID: PMC10879791 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper aimed to study the interactive effects of the addition of soluble arabinoxylans (AX) and the particle size (PS) of soybean hulls (SBH) on digesta mean retention time (MRT) and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. A total of 288 one-day old Ross 308 female chicks were assigned to 32 pens (9 birds/pen) and fed a commercial starter diet for 10 d. At 10 d of age, pens were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (8 pens/diet) containing 120 g/Kg coarse or fine SBH, with or without addition of 50 g/Kg of soluble wheat AX, substituting maize starch. Titanium dioxide (4 g/Kg) and cobalt-EDTA (1 g/Kg) were added as inert markers. Excreta were quantitatively collected from d 22 to 25. Gastrointestinal tract and digesta were collected on d 28, 29, or 30. Arabinoxylans reduced the weight of the gizzard relative to body weight (RW) by 0.07% units (P = 0.005), and increased ceca RW (0.28 vs. 0.34%, P < 0.001) and length (10.45 vs. 11.21 cm/Kg BW, P < 0.001). Arabinoxylans increased digesta MRT in the crop (solids/liquids: +12 min, P < 0.05), small intestine (solids/liquids: +17 min, P < 0.01), and hindgut (liquids: +77.5 min, P < 0.05); and reduced apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract retention (ATTR) of DM (-5.4 and -3.9%, P < 0.001, respectively) and starch (-1.35 and -0.7%, P < 0.001, respectively). Particle size of SBH only affected the ATTR of non-starch polysaccharides, presenting higher retention values with fine SBH (-4.3%-units, P = 0.034). The addition of AX reduced AID of N by 4.3%-units, only in presence of fine SBH (interaction, P < 0.05). In conclusion, arabinoxylans greatly influenced digestion in the chicken GIT, while PS of SBH had marginal effects. Arabinoxylans reduced AID of N only with fine SBH, suggesting coarse SBH counteracted AX effects on N digestion, speculatively by modifying digesta viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Dorado-Montenegro
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, 6700 The Netherlands; Escuela de Zootecnia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica, 2060 San José.
| | - Mochammad F Habibi
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, 6700 The Netherlands
| | - Walter J J Gerrits
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, 6700 The Netherlands
| | - Sonja de Vries
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, 6700 The Netherlands
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Adekoya AA, Adeola O. Evaluation of the utilisation of energy and phosphorus in field peas fed to broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2023; 64:726-732. [PMID: 37565478 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2246119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
1. The regression method was used to estimate the utilisation of energy (Experiment 1) and phosphorus (Experiments 2 and 3) in two field peas (FP) cultivars fed to broiler chickens.2. On d 17 post hatching, 240 birds were assigned to one of five experimental diets in a randomised complete block design with body weight (BW) as a blocking factor in Experiment 1. Whereas, 192 birds were allotted to one of three experimental diets on d 19 post-hatching in Experiments 2 and 3. There were eight replicate cages per diet, with six birds per cage in Experiment 1 and eight birds per cage in Experiments 2 and 3.3. Field pea cultivars Hampton (FPH) or 4010 (FP4) was incorporated at either 150 or 300 g/kg into a maize-soybean meal-based reference diet in Experiment 1. Using semi-purified diets, FPH was included at 200, 400, or 600 g/kg in Experiment 2, whereas FP4 was included at 215, 430 or 645 g/kg in Experiment 3.4. In Experiment 1 a linear decrease (P < 0.01) was observed in metabolisable energy (ME) and nitrogen-corrected ME (MEn) with inclusion of FPH in the diets, whereas both linear and quadratic effects (P < 0.05) were observed with inclusion of FP4. The regression-determined ileal digestible energy, ME and MEn were 13.70, 12.69 and 11.93 MJ/kg DM in FPH and 12.63, 13.20 and 12.52 MJ/kg DM in FP4, respectively. The ileal digestible and retainable P intakes were linearly increased (P < 0.01) with higher inclusion of FPH and FP4 in Experiments 2 and 3, respectively. The respective true ileal digestibility and true total tract utilisation of P in FPH were 74.6% and 68.3% and for FP4 were 74.3% and 61.7%, respectively. In conclusion, the estimated energy and P utilisation values could be used in diet formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Adekoya
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - O Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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El-Kholy MS, Ashour EA, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Mekkawy MM, Farag MR, Alagawany M. Effect of dietary modulation of fiber and fat level on liver and kidney functions, lipid profile, antioxidant and immune parameters in growing Egyptian geese. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1603-1611. [PMID: 35209799 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2043884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Determining the optimal requirements from dietary fiber and fat for Egyptian geese is a matter of great concern regarding health, production and growth. Therefore, the current study estimated the effects of different dietary fiber and fat levels on functions of liver and kidney, lipid profile, immunity and antioxidant measurements of the growing Egyptian geese. 150 Egyptian goslings (4 weeks old), with almost the same body weights were randomly allocated into 6 groups (25 goslings/group). All groups were subdivided into five replicates, each replicate contains five geese. Liver and kidney functions, immunity and antioxidant parameters were not significantly affected the different studied levels of fiber and fat or by their interaction. Various levels of fiber significantly affected total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol in a concentration-dependent manner and the lowest the lipid profile values were obtained at 12%. In conclusion, the present findings show that use of dietary fiber up to 12% and 5% dietary fat showed no detrimental effects on the immune status and general health of geese and resulted in the preferable lipid profile. This experiment provides a base for further study about the optimal requirements from dietary fiber and fat for the growing Egyptian geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S El-Kholy
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Elwy A Ashour
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mayada R Farag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Adekoya AA, Adeola O. Energy and phosphorus utilization of pulses fed to broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102615. [PMID: 36989854 PMCID: PMC10060102 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy and P utilization in faba beans and peas were evaluated in 3 broiler chicken experiments. In Exp. 1, 240 birds were allotted to 5 diets in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor on d 18 post hatching to determine the regression-derived energy utilization of faba beans (FB) and field peas (FP). In each of the respective Exp. 2 and 3, regression-derived P utilization in FB and FP were determined with 162 birds assigned to each of 3 diets in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor on d 19 post hatching. There were 8 replicate cages with 6 birds per cage in Exp. 1, and 6 replicate cages with 9 birds per cage in Exp. 2 and 3. The test ingredients were added to a corn-soybean meal-based diet at 15% or 30% in Exp. 1, whereas FB was included at 21%, 42%, or 63% and FP at 16%, 32%, or 48% in Exp. 2 and 3, respectively. In Exp. 1, the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of gross energy (GE) and the ileal digestible energy (IDE) in the diets decreased linearly (P < 0.01). There was a quadratic response or a linear decrease (P < 0.05) with increasing concentrations of FB or FP, respectively, on the apparent total tract utilization (ATTU) of GE, metabolizable energy (ME), and nitrogen-corrected ME (MEn). The respective IDE, ME, and MEn determined were 2,541, 2,628, and 2,394 kcal/kg DM in FB and 2,254, 2,540, and 2,331 kcal/kg DM in FP. In Exp. 2 and 3, the ileal digestible and retainable P intake were linearly increased (P < 0.01). The estimated true ileal digestibility and true total tract utilization of P in FB were 66.5% and 66.7%, respectively. The respective corresponding values for FP were 73.4% and 73.8%. In conclusion, the information on utilization of energy and P in FB and FP provided could enhance proper diet formulation when using these ingredients.
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Tesser GLS, de Avila AS, Broch J, de Souza C, Polese C, Kaufmann C, Eyng C, Savaris VDL, Junior NR, Bruno LDG, Cella PS, Nunes RV. Performance, metabolism, and meat quality of broilers fed dry brewery residue. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:389. [PMID: 36409401 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the chemical composition and apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn), and their respective coefficients of dry brewery residue (DBR) for broilers. A second study was conducted to evaluate the increasing inclusions of DBR in broiler diets and its effects on growth performance, carcass traits, blood metabolites, and meat quality. In the first trial (metabolism assay), a total of 250 male broilers were assigned to 5 diets (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 g DBR/kg) composed by 5 replications with 10 animals per cage in a completely randomized design in the period from days 11 to 21. There was an increasing linear effect for AME, AMEn, metabolizable coefficient of gross energy (MCGE), and MCGE corrected for N (MCGEn). In the second experiment, a total of 840 one-day-old male broiler chickens were assigned to 6 treatments (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 g DBR/kg) with 7 replications and 20 animals per pen, from days 0 to 42. Growth performance was determined at days 21 and 42. There was an increasing linear effect for weight gain in the period from days 0 to 21 and for feed intake from days 0 to 42. A linear decreasing effect was observed at day 21 for cholesterol and quadratic effect for uric acid (UA), aspartate aminotransferase, and albumin. At day 42, there was a quadratic effect for UA and creatinine. At day 21, an increasing linear effect was observed for protein deposition rate. In conclusion, the inclusion of DBR up to 100 g/kg improved WG in the starter phase and did not negatively affect the productive parameters of broilers from days 0 to 42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Luis Silva Tesser
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, 85960-000, Brazil.
| | - André Sanches de Avila
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Jomara Broch
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Cleison de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Clauber Polese
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Cristine Kaufmann
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Eyng
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, 85960-000, Brazil
| | | | - Nilton Rohloff Junior
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Luís Daniel Giusti Bruno
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Segatto Cella
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, 85660-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vianna Nunes
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, 85960-000, Brazil
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Ben-Mabrouk J, Mateos GG, de Juan AF, Aguirre L, Cámara L. Effect of beak trimming at hatch and the inclusion of oat hulls in the diet on growth performance, feed preference, exploratory pecking behavior, and gastrointestinal tract traits of brown-egg pullets from hatch to 15 weeks of age. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102044. [PMID: 35926352 PMCID: PMC9356171 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of infrared beak trimming at hatch (IRBT) and the inclusion of oat hulls (OH) in the diet on growth performance, feed preference, exploratory pecking behavior, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, was studied in brown-egg pullets from 0 to 15 wk of age. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 treatments arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with IRBT (sham vs. treated) and OH inclusion (0 vs. 3%) as main effects. Each treatment was replicated 20 times and the experimental unit was a cage with 10 pullets. Feed intake (FI), BW gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), energy intake (EI, kcal AMEn/d), and energy conversion ratio (ECR, kcal AMEn/g of BW gain) were determined by feeding period (0 to 6, 7 to 10, and 11 to 15 wk of age) and cumulatively. Particle size preference was measured at 7 wk and exploratory pecking behavior of the pullets and at 8 to 14 wk of age. From 0 to 6 wk of age, beak trimming decreased FI (P < 0.01) and increased pullet mortality (P < 0.001) but did not affect BW gain. From 0 to 15 wk of age, OH inclusion improved BW uniformity (P = 0.090) but impaired FCR (P < 0.05) without showing any effect on BW gain or ECR. Preference for coarse particles was greater for the sham than for the treated pullets. Beak trimming and OH feeding reduced (P < 0.05) the exploratory pecking behavior of the pullets from 8 to 12 wk of age but not thereafter. Oat hulls increased the relative weights of the full gizzard and intestines at all ages (P < 0.05). In summary, beak trimming did not affect pullet performance at 15 wk of age or GIT development at any age. Oat hulls improved GIT development at all ages but did not affect BW or ECR. Both beak treatment and OH inclusion affected particle size preference and reduced the exploratory pecking behavior of the birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ben-Mabrouk
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G G Mateos
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A F de Juan
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Aguirre
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Cámara
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Adorian TJ, Pianesso D, Bender ABB, Speroni CS, Mombach PI, Kowalski ÉA, da Silva LP. Fractionation of linseed and obtaining ingredients rich in protein and fibers: alternatives for animal feed. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:1514-1521. [PMID: 34399439 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linseed fractionation was performed in laboratory scale to obtain concentrated protein and fiber fractions. Three methods were tested to obtain the linseed protein concentrate (LPC). The isoelectric pH method was more efficient in increasing the protein content and also provided higher yield. In the fractions obtained, the chemical composition (dry matter, ash, lipids, crude protein, total dietary fiber, calcium and phosphorus), total phenolic compounds and the physicochemical properties were evaluated. The profile of amino acids was determined for linseed meal and LPC, and the profile of monosaccharides was evaluated for linseed grain, soluble and insoluble fractions of the fiber. RESULTS The results indicated that the protein concentration method by isoelectric pH improved the amino acidic profile and in vitro digestibility of LPC. The fractioning of the linseed fiber was efficient, since the soluble fiber of the soluble fraction corresponded to 675 g kg-1 . The separation of the fiber from the linseed concentrated the phenolic compounds in the insoluble fraction. For linseed grain there was a higher concentration of glucose, followed by xylose, galacturonic acid and arabinose. The same monosaccharides were identified in the insoluble fraction, with the exception of arabinose. In the soluble fraction, higher levels of xylose were found, followed by glucose, galacturonic acid and arabinose. CONCLUSION The present study allows us to conclude that it is possible to separate the linseed into different fractions, obtaining a protection concentrate and fibers. The inclusion of these products in animal feed needs to be evaluated to determine levels of acceptance. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taida Juliana Adorian
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Dirleise Pianesso
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ana Betine Beutinger Bender
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Caroline Sefrin Speroni
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Inês Mombach
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Khempaka S, Pukkung C, Okrathok S, Chaiyasit S, Khimkem A, Sirisopapong M, Pasri P. Mix of cassava pulp, napier grass, and enzymes can be used as low cost alternative feed ingredient for laying hens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 54:5. [PMID: 34890021 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-03013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of mixed cassava pulp and napier grass (MCN) supplemented with multi-component enzymes on the hen performance and egg quality as well as nutrient digestibility. In experiment 1, forty laying hens (Isa Brown) of 34 weeks in age were randomly allotted to 5 groups: control and 5, 10, 15, and 20% MCN for 10 days (one bird per cage, eight cage replicates). The results indicated that dry matter, and organic matter digestibilities, or nitrogen retention (P > 0.05) showed no significant alteration when used MCN up to 20%. In experiment 2, one hundred and eighty Isa Brown laying hens of 67 weeks in age were randomly assigned to 5 groups (control and 4 MCN: 5, 10, 15, and 20%) and raised for 8 weeks. It revealed that the inclusion rate of MCN up to 20% did not affect the productive performance, plasma cholesterol concentration, cecal microbial populations, or ammonia production (P > 0.05). In addition, egg yolk cholesterol was found to be lower in laying hens fed 20% MCN compared to 5% MCN (P < 0.05), but no significant differences compared to the control. In conclusion, it is indicated that MCN can be used as a partial part of an energy source in laying hen diets with no adverse effects on productive performance, nutrient digestibility or egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutisa Khempaka
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
| | - Chayanan Pukkung
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Supattra Okrathok
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chaiyasit
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Arporn Khimkem
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Merisa Sirisopapong
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Phocharapon Pasri
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
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Mohtashami M, Khalaji S, Yari M. Effect of fiber source and carbohydrase enzyme on chukar partridge growth performance, blood characteristics, digestive enzyme activity, cecal microbial population and ileal morphology. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021; 277:114957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Röhe I, Zentek J. Lignocellulose as an insoluble fiber source in poultry nutrition: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:82. [PMID: 34140038 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research in recent years into the use of various fiber sources in poultry nutrition has led to the perception that dietary fiber is more than a simple diet diluent. Several studies showed that the feeding of insoluble fiber sources such as oat hulls, sunflower hulls or wood shavings may affect digestive physiology and function improving chickens health and growth performance. In this context, the effect of lignocellulose as an insoluble dietary fiber source is increasingly being investigated. Lignocellulose is a component of plant cell walls and consists mainly of the insoluble carbohydrate polymers cellulose and hemicelluloses as well as the phenolic polymer lignin. Lignocellulose is chemically and physicochemically different from other insoluble fiber sources and thus possibly has different effects on poultry compared to traditional fiber sources. Several studies investigated the effect of dietary lignocellulose on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal tract development and intestinal microbiota in broilers and laying hens. Studies differed in terms of feed formulation and lignocellulose inclusion level as well as products of different suppliers were used. The results obtained are inconsistent; beneficial, indifferent or detrimental effects of feeding lignocellulose were observed, so that a final assessment of lignocellulose as a “novel” insoluble fiber source is difficult. This review article summarizes the results of studies in connection with the feeding of lignocellulose to poultry, compares them with those that have used other insoluble fiber sources and illuminates the possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. T. Nguyen
- Department of Animal Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | - N. K. Morgan
- Department of Animal Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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de Oliveira CO, Roll AAP, Medeiros Gonçalves FM, Lopes DCN, Xavier EG. Olive pomace for the feeding of commercial poultry: effects on performance, meat and eggs quality, haematological parameters, microbiota and immunity. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1894409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. O. de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - A. A. P. Roll
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - D. C. N. Lopes
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - E. G. Xavier
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Pedersen NB, Zaefarian F, Storm AC, Ravindran V, Cowieson AJ. Mathematical prediction of ileal energy and protein digestibility in broilers using multivariate data analysis. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101106. [PMID: 33964739 PMCID: PMC8113994 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A proportional mixture design was used to systematically create a total of 56 diets using ten feed ingredients. Diets differed widely with regards to chemical characteristics and ingredient inclusion levels. Apparent ileal digestibility of energy and protein of the diets were determined in broiler growers fed ad libitum from 21 to 24 d post-hatch. The chemical composition and the in vivo digestibility values were used to establish prediction equations for energy and protein digestibility, using multivariate data analysis. Root mean square error as percentage of the observed means (RMSE%) and residual error were used to evaluate the strength and accuracy of the predictions and to compare predictions based on chemical characteristics with estimates based on table values. The estimates of ileal digestibility of energy from table values were relatively accurate (RMSE% = 5.15) and was comparable to those predicted based on the chemical composition of diets. Estimates of ileal digestibility of protein based on table values were less accurate (RMSE% = 8.21); however, the prediction was improved by multivariate regression (RMSE% = 5.46) based on chemical composition of diets. The best predictors for ileal energy digestibility were starch, crude fiber and phytate contents (P < 0.01) and the best predictors for crude protein digestibility were starch, CF and fat contents (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the ileal digestibility of energy can be accurately predicted using table values; however, the accuracy of prediction of the ileal digestibility of protein can be improved when chemical characteristics of the diet are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faegheh Zaefarian
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | | | - Velmurugu Ravindran
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Aaron J Cowieson
- DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
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Abd El-Wahab A, Grone R, Wilke V, Ahmed MFE, Chuppava B, Visscher C, Kamphues J. In vitro studies to characterise different physico-chemical properties of some feed grains and their impact in monogastric nutrition. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1996290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Abd El-Wahab
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Institut für Tierernährung, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard Grone
- Institut für Tierernährung, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Wilke
- Institut für Tierernährung, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marwa F. E. Ahmed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Bussarakam Chuppava
- Institut für Tierernährung, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institut für Tierernährung, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Josef Kamphues
- Institut für Tierernährung, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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15
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Taylor J, Sakkas P, Kyriazakis I. What are the limits to feed intake of broilers on bulky feeds? Poult Sci 2020; 100:100825. [PMID: 33516465 PMCID: PMC7936167 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The view that genetic selection for carcass yield has limited the size of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of modern broilers has sparked concerns that their capacity to cope with energy dilution or bulk is also limited. We investigated the capacity of male Ross 308 broilers to deal with increasing levels of bulk and aimed to identify a feed bulk dimension responsible for limiting feed intake (FI). About 528 day-old broilers were allocated to 48 pens and offered a common starter feed until day 8, and 1 of 7 feeds from day 8 to 36 of age: a basal control (B), which was diluted to 3 levels (15, 30, or 45%) with either oat hulls (OH) or sugar beet pulp (SBP). Feed intake was measured daily and birds were dissected for GIT measurements at day 15, 22, and 36. Feed intake increased in birds offered OH15 (135 g/d), OH30 (140 g/d), and SBP15 (138 g/d) compared with birds offered the B feed (106 g/d; SEM 2.4). By increasing FI, birds were able to compensate for the lower energy content of their feeds. The greatest increase in FI was seen on OH30: its energy content (2,273 kcal/kg) was 26% lower than the B feed (3,081 kcal/kg). There was evidence of adaptation on the bulky feeds, as during the last week only birds on SBP45 were limited in FI and performance. The relative weights of the GIT were greater in the SBP than OH series, suggesting that the former needed to accommodate a higher bulk intake. For the OH series the increase in the relative GIT weights was confined to the gizzard and small intestine; whereas for the SBP series, the increase was extended to proventriculus and large intestine. Because only SBP45 was limiting FI, we were unable to identify a bulk dimension to be used to predict FI. Our data reject the suggestion that modern broilers have a reduced ability to cope with reductions in feed energy content.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Taylor
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle on Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | | | - Ilias Kyriazakis
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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Koçer B, Bozkurt M, Ege G, Tüzün AE. Effects of sunflower meal supplementation in the diet on productive performance, egg quality and gastrointestinal tract traits of laying hens. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:101-109. [PMID: 32835498 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1814202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
1. A trial was conducted to study the effects of additional dietary fibre (DF), resulting from partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with high-fibre sunflower meal (SFM), on egg production and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits in laying hens. 2. A total of 480 Nick Chick white laying hens (21 weeks of age) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments and fed for 24 weeks. The hens were fed either the control diet based on corn and SBM, which contained 30 g/kg crude fibre (CF) without SFM, or test diets containing 40 g more CF/kg from adding 47 g/kg SFM or 50 g more CF/kg from adding 97 g SFM/kg. Each dietary treatment was replicated eight times (20 hens per replicate). 3. Body weight (P < 0.05), egg production rate (P < 0.05), egg weight (P < 0.01) and egg mass (P < 0.01) linearly increased but feed conversion ratio linearly decreased (P < 0.01) with increasing SFM supplementation. Feed intake, cracked/broken egg ratios and shell less egg ratios were comparable amongst the groups. 4. The egg quality indices were not influenced by dietary treatments, except for the Haugh units, which decreased (linear, P < 0.01; quadratic P < 0.05) when SFM was added. 5. Digestive organ size was not affected by the dietary treatments, but caecum length increased in hens fed SFM (P < 0.05). Digesta pH in the ileum and caecum was reduced linearly (P < 0.01) with SFM supplementation. 6. Small intestine morphology traits improved with 47 g SFM/kg supplementation, whereas negative effects were observed with 97 g SFM/kg. 7. Productive performance of laying hens improved with 40 or 50 g/kg more CF in feed, mostly from SFM supplementation. It was concluded that this performance increase was attributed mostly to the increase in fat content, rather than DF level, when high-fibre SFM was included in layer diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Koçer
- Directorate of Agricultural Production Enterprise, Agricultural Extension and In-Service Training Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry , Aydın, Turkey
| | - M Bozkurt
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Aydın Adnan Menderes University , Aydın, Turkey
| | - G Ege
- Directorate of Food Control Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - A E Tüzün
- Koçarlı Vocational School, Aydın Adnan Menderes University , Aydın, Turkey
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17
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Pourazadi Z, Salari S, Tabandeh MR, Abdollahi MR. Effect of particle size of insoluble fibre on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility and caecal microbial population in broiler chickens fed barley-containing diets. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:734-745. [PMID: 32696668 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1799329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of particle size of insoluble fibre on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and caecal microbial population in broiler chickens fed barley-containing diets. 2. The dietary treatments included: a barley-based diet (control, CTL) or test diets which contained high-fibre ingredients, either sunflower hulls (SFH), sugarcane bagasse (SB) or wheat bran (WB) ground through a 1.0 (fine) or 3.0 mm (coarse) screen that were added to the control diet at 30 g/kg. 3. For the entire experimental period, insoluble fibre inclusion improved ADG (P < 0.05) and FCR (P < 0.05) compared to the CTL group. Broilers fed SFH had higher (P < 0.05) ADG and better (P < 0.05) FCR than broilers fed SB. 4. Fibre inclusion increased the relative weight of breast and thigh and decreased relative weight of liver compared to the CTL group, but coarse grinding of the SB decreased relative weight of abdominal fat (P < 0.05). 5. The digestibility of nutrients increased with dietary inclusion of insoluble fibre compared to the CTL group. Coarse grinding of SFH increased AID of crude protein compared to the coarse grinding of WB or SB. Fine grinding of various types of fibre improved the AID of fat (as ether extract) and organic matter (P < 0.05). 6. Fine grinding of the WB decreased caecal populations of E. coli. The inclusion of SFH increased caecal populations of Lactobacillus spp. (P < 0.05). Coarse grinding of various types of fibre decreased the caecal population of coliforms (P < 0.05). 7. The inclusion of WB increased digesta viscosity in the ileum compared to samples from the SB and SFH groups (P < 0.05). Coarse grinding of various types of fibre decreased the digesta viscosity in the ileum (P < 0.05). 8. Overall, the data showed that dietary inclusion of insoluble fibre improved growth performance, increased AID of nutrients and decreased ileal viscosity in the birds fed diets containing barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Pourazadi
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - S Salari
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M R Tabandeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M R Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University , Palmerston North, New Zealand
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18
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Shang QH, Liu SJ, He TF, Liu HS, Mahfuz S, Ma XK, Piao XS. Effects of wheat bran in comparison to antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal immunity, barrier function, and microbial composition in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4929-4938. [PMID: 32988529 PMCID: PMC7598142 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of wheat bran (WB) and antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal immunity, barrier function, and microbial composition in broiler chickens. A total of 168 one-day-old male Arbor Acre chicks were allocated to 3 treatments consisting of 7 replicates with 8 birds per replicate. The 3 treatments were: an antibiotic-free control diet (control, CON), CON + 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline as an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP), and CON + 3% WB. Birds fed AGP and WB had greater (P < 0.05) ADG during days 1 to 21 and lower (P < 0.05) feed-to-gain ratio during each phase than those fed CON. The WB supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α and diamine oxidase activity compared with CON on both day 21 and 42. The AGP and WB supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) interleukin-1β concentration in jejunal mucosa on day 21 and increased (P < 0.05) secretory immunoglobulin A concentration in jejunal mucosa on day 21 and 42. The relative expression of occludin in jejunal mucosa was upregulated (P < 0.05) in WB than in CON on day 21. Moreover, both AGP and WB supplementation upregulated (P < 0.05) the relative expression of zonula occludens-1 in jejunal mucosa on day 21 and 42. The WB supplementation enhanced the α-diversity of cecal microbiota, as evidenced by the increased Shannon index (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, the phylum Firmicutes was enriched (P < 0.05) in WB. At the genus level, the WB supplementation enriched (P < 0.05) Lachnoclostridium and Butyricicoccus. The WB supplementation increased (P < 0.05) cecal total short chain fatty acids concentrations on day 21 and 42, and butyric acid concentrations on day 42 compared with CON. Collectively, supplementation of 3% WB could promote growth by improving intestinal immunity, barrier function, and microbial composition in broilers. Thus, WB may have a role in replacing antibiotics for improved growth performance and intestinal health in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q H Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - S J Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - T F He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - H S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - S Mahfuz
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - X K Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - X S Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Röhe I, Metzger F, Vahjen W, Brockmann GA, Zentek J. Effect of feeding different levels of lignocellulose on performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta dry matter, and intestinal microbiota in slow growing broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5018-5026. [PMID: 32988538 PMCID: PMC7598307 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose is a constituent of plant cell walls and might be used as a fiber source in poultry nutrition. The current study investigated the impact of increasing dietary levels of lignocellulose on performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta DM, intestinal microbiota, and bacterial metabolites in slow growing broilers. At an age of 10 wk, 60 male broilers of an intercross line (New Hampshire × White Leghorn) were allocated to cages and fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing 0.8% (LC1), 5% (LC2), or 10% (LC3) lignocellulose. After 23 D of feeding, broilers were killed and digesta samples of ileum and excreta analyzed for nutrient digestibility and DM. Cecal contents were analyzed for microbial composition and metabolites. Broiler performance was not affected by feeding dietary lignocellulose. LC3 fed broilers showed reduced ileal digestibility of protein compared to chickens fed LC1 (P = 0.003). Moreover, increasing levels of dietary lignocellulose reduced apparent digestibility of organic matter and gross energy (P < 0.001). Feeding of lignocellulose had no impact on the excreta DM of broilers. Increasing levels of dietary lignocellulose lowered cecal counts of Escherichia/Hafnia/Shigella (P = 0.029) and reduced the total concentration of short-chain fatty acids (P < 0.001), lactate (P < 0.05), and ammonia (P = 0.009). The molar ratio of cecal acetic acid was higher in LC3 fed broilers (P < 0.001), while the proportions of cecal propionic acid and n-butyric acid were higher in LC1 and LC2 fed chickens (P < 0.001). Correlation analyses indicated that dietary lignocellulose was negatively related to the total concentration of cecal bacterial metabolites (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the feeding of lignocellulose did not affect growth performance, but impaired nutrient digestibility of slow growing broilers. While minor changes in cecal microbial composition were detected, cecal bacterial metabolite concentrations were significantly reduced with increasing levels of dietary lignocellulose. These findings suggest that lignocellulose is not extensively degraded by bacteria residing in the large intestine of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Röhe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - F Metzger
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Vahjen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G A Brockmann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Zentek
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Özer CO, Çelegen Ş. Evaluation of quality and emulsion stability of a fat‐reduced beef burger prepared with an olive oil oleogel‐based emulsion. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cem Okan Özer
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Department of Food Engineering Nevsehir HacıBektasi Veli University Nevsehir Turkey
| | - Şeyma Çelegen
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Department of Food Engineering Nevsehir HacıBektasi Veli University Nevsehir Turkey
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Okrathok S, Khempaka S. Modified-dietary fiber from cassava pulp reduces abdominal fat and meat cholesterol contents without affecting growth performance of broiler chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020; 29:229-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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22
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Donadelli RA, Stone DA, Aldrich CG, Beyer RS. Effect of fiber source and particle size on chick performance and nutrient utilization. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5820-5830. [PMID: 31392330 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of fiber in chick feeds is known to dilute nutrients; as a result, this may reduce nutrient digestibility and performance. However, recent studies suggest that moderate inclusion of insoluble fibers (2 to 3%) may stimulate gizzard development, which could result in better nutrient utilization and chick growth. The previous fiber sources evaluated were subject to wide fluctuation in their nutritional and chemical composition due to variation in processing. Miscanthus giganteus is a C4 grass purposefully grown for its fiber content which has a consistent fiber composition compared to food process residues. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of dietary fiber source and particle size on day-old chick performance and nutrient digestibility. Day-old chicks (8 chicks per cage, 5 cages per treatment) were fed diets containing 3% of either sepiolite (SEP), cellulose (CEL), coarse beet pulp (BP), fine BP, coarse Miscanthus grass (MG), and fine MG. At the end of days 7, 14, and 21, chicks and experimental diets were weighed to compute average daily gain and feed intake. In addition, excreta from the previous 48 h of each data capture point was collected to determine nutrient digestibility. In general, chicks fed diets containing fiber consumed more feed, gained more weight, and had better feed conversion rate than birds fed the SEP diet. Particle size of the fiber had no effect on chick performance; however, nutrient utilization was higher (P < 0.05) for chicks fed coarse fiber particles compared to these fed fine fiber particles. Birds fed diets containing MG performed similar to chicks fed CEL (P > 0.05), but digestibility coefficients of birds fed BP diets were generally higher than chicks fed MG diets. In conclusion, chicks performed better with fiber in their diet and MG was comparable to CEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Donadelli
- Grain Science & Industry Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - D A Stone
- Perfection Pet Foods, Visalia, CA 93291
| | - C G Aldrich
- Grain Science & Industry Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - R S Beyer
- Animal Sciences & Industry Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
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García J, Fondevila G, Cámara L, Scappaticcio RE, Aguirre L, Mateos GG. Influence of egg weight and inclusion of oat hulls in the diet on digestive tract traits and growth performance of brown pullets reared under stress conditions. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5767-5777. [PMID: 31287890 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the influence of pre-hatch egg weight (EW) and the inclusion of oat hulls (OH) in the diet on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits and growth performance of pullets reared under stress conditions early in life. There were 14 treatments organized as a 7 × 2 factorial with 7 EW groups (47.0 to 54.0 g differing in 1 g between groups) and 2 inclusion levels of OH in the diet (0 vs. 3%). The pullets were reared under a series of stresses early in life (no access to feed for extended time post-hatching, reduced accessibility to feed and water at arrival to the farm, reduced ambient temperature at night, low light intensity, and hot-blade beak trimming at 18 D of age). Feed intake, BW gain, and FCR were measured by period (0 to 5, 5 to 10, and 10 to 16 wk of age) and cumulatively. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with EW and OH inclusion as main effects. In addition, EW effect was partitioned into linear and quadratic components. The stress conditions applied affected similarly the growth and GIT development of the pullets, independent of EW. An increase in EW increased BW at hatch and at 5 wk of age linearly (P < 0.05), but no effects were detected thereafter. Oat hulls inclusion increased ADFI and impaired FCR (P < 0.05) from 0 to 5 wk of age but did not affect energy efficiency at any age. At 5 wk of age, the relative weight (% BW) of the GIT decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increases in EW and increased with OH inclusion (P < 0.05). Oat hulls inclusion increased the relative weight of the gizzard at all ages (P < 0.01). In conclusion, egg weight did not affect pullet growth from hatch to 16 wk of age. Independent of the initial BW of the pullets, OH inclusion improved gizzard development at all ages without affecting growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J García
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Camar Agroalimentaria, S. L., 45212, Lominchar, Toledo, Spain
| | - G Fondevila
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Cámara
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - L Aguirre
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G G Mateos
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Röhe I, Vahjen W, Metzger F, Zentek J. Effect of a "diluted" diet containing 10% lignocellulose on the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal microbiota, and excreta characteristics of dual purpose laying hens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:310-319. [PMID: 32416816 PMCID: PMC7587819 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low performing dual purpose hens have different nutritional requirements compared to conventional hybrid hens. Lignocellulose is a low fermentable polymer, acting as a diet diluent and may influence physiological and digestive processes. This study investigated the effect of a 10% dietary lignocellulose dilution on the development of gastrointestinal organs, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbiota, and excreta characteristics of dual purpose hens. One-day-old female Lohmann Dual chicks were allocated to 12 pens and fed two different diets: A standard control diet (CON) and a treatment diet (LC), based on CON but diluted with 10% lignocellulose (ARBOCEL®). At 52 wk of age, gastrointestinal organs were extracted and weights determined. Colorectal tissue samples were chemically fixed and stained for histomorphological examinations. Cecal digesta samples were analyzed for bacterial metabolites and composition using gas chromatography, HPLC, photometry, and PCR. Excreta dry matter and viscosity was consistently assessed during the trial. LC-fed hens showed increased weights of the gizzard (P = 0.003), small (P < 0.001), and large intestine (P = 0.048) compared to hens fed CON. LC-fed hens had a larger colorectal villus area (P = 0.049), a higher mucosal enlargement factor of villi (P = 0.016) and crypts (P = 0.030) than CON-fed hens. The concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (P = 0.017) and ammonia (P = 0.013) was higher in CON-fed hens compared to LC-fed hens. Bacterial composition and activity was generally not affected by feeding the different diets. LC-fed hens had a higher excreta dry matter content than hens fed CON at 10 (P < 0.001), 17 (P < 0.001), and 22 (P = 0.002) wk of age. Correlation analyses revealed a negative relationship between the concentration of SCFAs in the cecum and the colorectal villus surface area (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the feeding of high levels of lignocellulose increased gastrointestinal organ weights and colorectal surface area in dual purpose laying hens. A higher intestinal surface area in combination with lower concentrations of SCFAs might indicate a compensatory reaction of hens fed LC enhancing the absorption of bacterial metabolites by increasing the intestinal mucosal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Röhe
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - W Vahjen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Metzger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Sittiya J, Yamauchi K, Nimanong W, Thongwittaya N. Influence of Levels of Dietary Fiber Sources on the Performance, Carcass Traits, Gastrointestinal Tract Development, Fecal Ammonia Nitrogen, and Intestinal Morphology of Broilers. Braz J Poult Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Fondevila G, Archs JL, Cámara L, de Juan AF, Mateos GG. The length of the feed restriction period affects eating behavior, growth performance, and the development of the proximal part of the gastrointestinal tract of young broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1010-8. [PMID: 32036958 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effects of restricting the access to feed on the anticipatory eating behavior, growth performance, and the development of the proximal part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in broilers. The experiment consisted in physical restriction of the access of broilers to feed for 0, 4, 6, or 8 h per day from 7 to 19 D of age. At 10, 13, 16, and 19 D of age, immediately before the start of the feed restriction (FR) period, 2 birds per cage were euthanized to evaluate crop and gizzard development. The experimental design was completely randomized, and the linear (L) and quadratic (Q) effects of fasting length on growth performance and GIT traits were determined. In addition, the effect of broiler age on GIT development was studied. From 7 to 19 D of age, ADFI (L, Q; P ≤ 0.05) and BW gain (L; P ≤ 0.01) decreased as the length of the FR period increased, with most of the differences observed with 6 or more hours of fasting. However, feed conversion ratio was not affected by FR length. The relative weight of the crop (% BW) and its fresh content increased (L; P ≤ 0.001) and the moisture of the digesta (%) decreased (L; P ≤ 0.001) as the FR period increased. The DM content (g) of the crop increased with FR, with most of the differences observed with 6 or more hours of fasting (L, Q; P ≤ 0.001). At 19 D of age, the Lactobacillus spp. count in the crop increased (L; P ≤ 0.05) with increase in the FR period. Fasting did not affect any gizzard trait at any age. In summary, physical restriction of the access to feed for 6 h or more reduced BW gain but did not affect feed conversion ratio in broilers from 7 to 19 D of age. Feed restriction for 4 to 8 h stimulated the anticipatory feeding behavior and crop development in broilers.
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Cerrate S, Ekmay R, England JA, Coon C. Predicting nutrient digestibility and energy value for broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3994-4007. [PMID: 30968142 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestibility coefficients of nutrients, metabolizable energy (ME), net energy (NE) and the ratio of NE to ME (NE/ME) of 20 diets were measured in broiler chickens (1 to 21 d). Dietary nutrients were formulated to keep similar ME/nutrient ratios, except for dietary protein, fat, and fiber using corn, soybean meal, animal protein blend, barley, poultry oil and an enzyme mixture of xylanase, glucanase, and phytase. Digestibility coefficients of nutrients and ME were measured in battery cages under free-access of feed, while NE was measured in floor pens feeding 75% of recommended ME intake each day. NE for maintenance was calculated on basis of mean metabolic weight using a coefficient from a previous study and NE for gain was calculated by body protein and fat gains using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Digestibility coefficients of protein and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were curvilinearly related to dietary protein and NDF, respectively, while digestibility coefficients of fat and starch were linearly correlated to dietary fat and starch, respectively. The inclusion of enzymes increased the digestion coefficient of NDF to predict the digestibility of protein, NDF, fat, and starch. MEn/gross energy ratio averaged 72.5% and was correlated to protein, fat, NDF, and starch. ME values were accurately predicted from chemical characteristics, where best equations were obtained from digestible nutrients. Energetic efficiencies of ME were 72% (NE/MEn) and 68% (NE/ME) and varied by about 20 and 18%, respectively. Ratios of energetic efficiency were 68% for digestible carbohydrates; 86% for digestible fat; and 76% (NE/MEn) and 59% (NE/ME) for digestible protein. According to the lowest residual standard deviation the best nutrient components to predict energy were digestible nutrients for predicting ME values (41 kcal/kg); digestible protein intake, fecal organic matter, and body fat and protein for predicting heat increment values (111 kcal/kg); and combination of ME and crude nutrient for predicting NE values (140 kcal/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cerrate
- Aviagen Inc., Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - R Ekmay
- Arbiom Inc., Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - J A England
- Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - C Coon
- Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Kheravii S, Morgan N, Swick R, Choct M, Wu S. Roles of dietary fibre and ingredient particle size in broiler nutrition. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2018; 74:301-16. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933918000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mateos G, Cámara L, Fondevila G, Lázaro R. Critical Review of the Procedures Used for Estimation of the Energy Content of Diets and Ingredients in Poultry. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Jiménez-Moreno E, González-Alvarado J, de Coca-Sinova A, Lázaro R, Cámara L, Mateos G. Insoluble fiber sources in mash or pellets diets for young broilers. 2. Effects on gastrointestinal tract development and nutrient digestibility. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2531-2547. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Rodrigues I, Choct M. The foregut and its manipulation via feeding practices in the chicken. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3188-3206. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Kimiaeitalab M, Mirzaie Goudarzi S, Jiménez-moreno E, Cámara L, Mateos G. A comparative study on the effects of dietary sunflower hulls on growth performance and digestive tract traits of broilers and pullets fed a pullet diet from 0 to 21 days of age. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018; 236:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Mustafa AF, Baurhoo B. Evaluation of dried vegetables residues for poultry: II. Effects of feeding cabbage leaf residues on broiler performance, ileal digestibility and total tract nutrient digestibility. Poult Sci 2017; 96:681-686. [PMID: 27587726 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacing corn and soybean meal with dried cabbage leaf residues (DCR) on broiler growth performance, apparent ileal nutrient digestibility, and apparent total tract nutrient utilization. Dietary treatments include 4 levels of DCR (0, 3, 6, and 9%). Two hundred and twenty-four day-old male broilers were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups (8 cage replicates; 7 birds/cage) and grown over a 35-d experimental period. Results showed that feeding DCR had no effects on daily body weigh gain (average 53.4 g/d), daily feed intake (average 94.9 g/d), and feed conversion ratio (average 1.78 g of feed/g of gain). Inclusion of DCR reduced apparent ileal DM (quadratic effect, P < 0.001), OM (linear effect, P = 0.012), and CP (quadratic effect, P = 0.001) digestibility of younger birds (d 21) while incremental levels of DCR had no effect on apparent ileal nutrient digestibilities of older birds (d 35). Apparent total tract digestibility of DM, OM, and CP increased (linear effect, P < 0.001) as the level of DCR increased. It was concluded that the inclusion of DCR in broiler diets up to 9% had no negative impact on bird performance and apparent ileal digestibility of older birds and improved apparent total tract nutrient digestibility.
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Abdel-Hafeez HM, Saleh ESE, Tawfeek SS, Youssef IMI, Abdel-Daim ASA. Utilization of potato peels and sugar beet pulp with and without enzyme supplementation in broiler chicken diets: effects on performance, serum biochemical indices and carcass traits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:56-66. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. M. Abdel-Hafeez
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Beni-Suef University; Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - E. S. E. Saleh
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Beni-Suef University; Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - S. S. Tawfeek
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Beni-Suef University; Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - I. M. I. Youssef
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Beni-Suef University; Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - A. S. A. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Beni-Suef University; Beni-Suef Egypt
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Kimiaeitalab M, Cámara L, Mirzaie Goudarzi S, Jiménez-Moreno E, Mateos G. Effects of the inclusion of sunflower hulls in the diet on growth performance and digestive tract traits of broilers and pullets fed a broiler diet from zero to 21 d of age. A comparative study. Poult Sci 2017; 96:581-592. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mustafa AF, Baurhoo B. Effects of feeding dried broccoli floret residues on performance, ileal and total digestive tract nutrient digestibility, and selected microbial populations in broiler chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfw038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Guzmán P, Saldaña B, Bouali O, Cámara L, Mateos G. Effect of level of fiber of the rearing phase diets on egg production, digestive tract traits, and body measurements of brown egg-laying hens fed diets differing in energy concentration. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1836-47. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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FACHINELLO MR, POZZA PC, FURLAN AC, PAULA VRCD, BONAGURIO LP, MARCATO SM, LEAL IF, HUEPA LMD. Nutritional evaluation of passion fruit seed meal for meat quails. Rev bras saúde prod anim 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402016000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) and the metabolizability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of passion fruit seed meal (PFM) for quails. One hundred meat quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), with 21 days old, allotted in a completely randomized design, with four treatments, five replicates and four animals per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of different levels PFM (4.0, 8.0, 12.0 and 16.0%) that replaced the basal diet (w/w). Metabolizable values were determined by fitting linear equations the PFM can be characterized as an alternative feedstuff for meat quails and the main chemical compounds are gross energy (5,569 kcal kg-1), CP (11.34%), EE (18.84%) and NDF (50.22%), as fed basis. Linear equations were fitted as follow: AME = 2,976 x + 5.877 (r2 = 0.94) and AMEn = 2,939 x + 4.864 (r2 = 0.95), thus AME and AMEn were estimated at 2,976 and 2,939 kcal kg-1, respectively. Additionaly, equations were adjusted for CP, EE, NFD and DM, respectively resulting in a metabolization of 6.35, 17.9, 12.48 and 45.66%. It is concluded that main components of the passion fruit seed meal are gross energy, crude protein, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber and its AME and AMEn for meat quails are 2,976 and 2,939 kcal kg-1, respectively.
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Adibmoradi M, Navidshad B, Faseleh Jahromi M. The effect of moderate levels of finely ground insoluble fibre on small intestine morphology, nutrient digestibility and performance of broiler chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1147335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zdunczyk Z, Krawczyk M, Mikulski D, Jankowski J, Przybylska-Gornowicz B, Juskiewicz J. Beneficial effects of increasing dietary levels of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus) seed meal on productivity parameters and gastrointestinal tract physiology in eight-week-old turkeys. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Barekatain MR, Swick RA. Composition of more specialised pre-starter and starter diets for young broiler chickens: a review. Anim Prod Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an15333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The broiler industry has experienced remarkable improvements in productivity owing to high priority placed on genetic programming, nutrition and management practices. Nutrition of the meat chicken is driven by the need to satisfy the constantly increasing genetic potential, resulting in the shortening of the rearing time required to get the bird to market weight. The concept of feeding broilers a more specialised pre-starter diet for the first 10–14 days of age is gaining interest, as this now accounts for more than 20% of the time for grow-out. Specialised diets may be formulated to be highly digestible or aim to provide specific nutrients at a higher level to meet nutritional requirements of the bird. The effectiveness of specifically formulated pre-starter or starter diets depends on potential carryover effect to increase the bird performance up to the market age. There is evidence that some nutrient requirements of birds, digestible amino acids in particular, in the first 10 days of life may be higher than the current industry recommendation. Among cereals, rice with its lower non-starch polysaccharide content may be a better cereal for pre-starter diets than are corn or wheat. Inclusion of fibrous ingredients in low-fibre diets of young broilers may also stimulate gut development and enhance nutrient utilisation, leading to improved bird performance. There are inconsistencies in responses to various feed additives tested specifically for pre-starter diets of broilers. Finally, with an increasing demand for removal of antibiotic growth promoters from all broiler feeds, focus on formulations to ensure sustainable growth at start will gain importance.
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Barros CR, Rodrigues MAM, Nunes FM, Kasuya MCM, Luz JMRD, Alves A, Ferreira LMM, Pinheiro V, Mourão JL. The Effect of Jatropha Curcas Seed Meal on Growth Performance and Internal Organs Development and Lesions in Broiler Chickens. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635xspecialissuenutrition-poultryfeedingadditives001-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CR Barros
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - MAM Rodrigues
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - FM Nunes
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | | | | | - A Alves
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - LMM Ferreira
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - V Pinheiro
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - JL Mourão
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
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Jiménez-Moreno E, de Coca-Sinova A, González-Alvarado JM, Mateos GG. Inclusion of insoluble fiber sources in mash or pellet diets for young broilers. 1. Effects on growth performance and water intake. Poult Sci 2015; 95:41-52. [PMID: 26574033 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of feed form and the inclusion of insoluble fiber in the diet on growth performance and water intake were studied in female broilers from 0 to 21 d of age. The experimental design was completely randomized with 14 treatments arranged as a 2 × 7 factorial with 2 feed forms (mash vs. pelleted) and 7 diets that consisted of a control diet low in fiber (1.6% crude fiber) based on broken rice, fermented soybean meal, and fish meal and 6 extra diets that resulted from the inclusion of 3 insoluble fiber sources (oat hulls; OH, rice hulls; RH, and sunflower hulls; SFH) at 2 levels (2.5 vs. 5%). Each treatment was replicated 6 times. Broilers fed pellets had 32% greater ADG and 3% better feed to gain ratio (F:G) than those fed mash (P ≤ 0.001). The inclusion of the fiber sources improved ADG (P ≤ 0.05) and F:G (P ≤ 0.05). Pelleting increased (P ≤ 0.001) water intake from 6 to 8 d, water-to-feed intake ratio from 18 to 20 d, and moisture content of the excreta at 20 d of age. The inclusion of the insoluble fiber sources increased water intake (P ≤ 0.05) from d 18 to 20 but not from d 6 to 8. Increasing the level of fiber inclusion from 2.5 to 5.0% tended to increase (P = 0.086) moisture content in the excreta at d 20. Pelleting and the inclusion of insoluble fiber sources improved ADG and F:G in broilers fed low-fiber diets, and the improvements observed were more pronounced with pellets than with mash. Growth performance of young broilers improves with the addition of moderate amounts of structural insoluble fiber in the diet, regardless of feed form. The inclusion of OH or SFH into low fiber diets was more beneficial for improving broiler performance than the inclusion of RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jiménez-Moreno
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A de Coca-Sinova
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M González-Alvarado
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - G G Mateos
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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He LW, Meng QX, Li DY, Zhang YW, Ren LP. Effect of different fibre sources on performance, carcass characteristics and gastrointestinal tract development of growing Greylag geese. Br Poult Sci 2015; 56:88-93. [PMID: 25393302 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.981503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. The effects of different fibre sources on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and gastrointestinal tract development were studied in growing Greylag geese (Anser anser). 2. Four experimental diets were formulated with corn (maize) straw silage (CSS), steam-exploded corn (maize) straw, steam-exploded wheat straw, and steam-exploded rice straw as fibre sources. A total of 224 male Greylag geese at 28 d of age were randomly assigned to one of the 4 experimental diets. 3. The birds fed on the CSS diets had higher average daily feed intakes than those fed on the steam-exploded straws. However, the 4 treatments had similar average daily gain, which contributed to significant differences in feed conversion ratios. The different fibre sources had no significant effects on the carcass characteristics. 4. The CSS-fed birds had larger gizzards and lower relative length of the caeca than the other three groups. However, the relative weights and lengths of the other gut segments, the relative weights of major organs and the pH values of the gastrointestinal contents were similar between the 4 treatments. It was concluded that straw fibres with different physico-chemical properties exerted an effect on daily feed intake and gastrointestinal development, especially for the gizzard. The pretreatment of straw had a large effect on utilisation efficiency and animal performance. Steam explosion is a promising straw pretreatment for inclusion in diets for geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W He
- a State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , P. R. China
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Guzmán P, Saldaña B, Kimiaeitalab M, García J, Mateos G. Inclusion of fiber in diets for brown-egg laying pullets: Effects on growth performance and digestive tract traits from hatching to 17 weeks of age. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2722-33. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Nanto F, Ito C, Kikusato M, Toyomizu M. Effects of Whole-Grain Paddy Rice on Growth Performance, Oxidative Stress and Morphological Alterations of the Intestine in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Acute and Chronic Heat Stress. J Poult Sci 2015; 52:109-18. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0140009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Mateos G, Mohiti-Asli M, Borda E, Mirzaie S, Frikha M. Effect of inclusion of porcine mucosa hydrolysate in diets varying in lysine content on growth performance and ileal histomorphology of broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Jiménez-Moreno E, Frikha M, de Coca-Sinova A, Lázaro R, Mateos G. Oat hulls and sugar beet pulp in diets for broilers. 2. Effects on the development of the gastrointestinal tract and on the structure of the jejunal mucosa. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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