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Jansen L, van Rijbroek KWM, den Bakker PC, Klaassen-Heshof DJ, Kolkman WJB, Venbrux N, Migchielsen V, Hutzezon J, Lenferink WB, Lücker S, Ranoux A, Raaijmakers HWC, Boltje TJ. Synthesis and Performance of Biobased Surfactants Prepared by the One-Pot Reductive Amination of l-Arabinose and d-Galacturonic Acid. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2023; 11:16117-16123. [PMID: 38022738 PMCID: PMC10647919 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c03753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a method for the synthesis of biobased surfactants derived from sugar beet pulp (SBP) monosaccharides, l-Ara and d-GalA. The surfactants were prepared via one-pot reductive amination, allowing the introduction of different alkyl chain lengths and methyl modifications. Optimal reaction conditions were established to achieve high yields and easy purification. The synthesized surfactants including the tertiary amines exhibited desirable properties, including solubility, foamability, and reduction of surface tension. Notably, the anionic surfactants derived from d-GalA demonstrated better solubility and foam performance compared to those derived from l-Ara. In addition, these surfactants exhibited surface tension and critical micelle concentration (CMC) comparable to those of the commercial surfactant sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES). Furthermore, the biodegradable surfactant GalA1.8 displayed excellent emulsifying properties and low skin irritation potential. On the l-Ara surfactant with a short chain, Ara1.6 has potential as a hydrotrope. These findings suggest that biobased surfactants derived from SBP monosaccharides have promising applications in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura
M. Jansen
- Department
of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Kim W. M. van Rijbroek
- Department
of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C. den Bakker
- Department
of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wiert J. B. Kolkman
- Department
of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Niek Venbrux
- Department
of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Vienna Migchielsen
- Department
of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Hutzezon
- Department
of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter B. Lenferink
- Department
of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental
Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Lücker
- Department
of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental
Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Adeline Ranoux
- Cosun
RD&I, Cosun Innovation Center, Dinteloord 4671 VA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Department
of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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Grześkowiak Ł, Vahjen W, Zentek J. Influence of high- and low-fermentable dietary fibres in sows' diet on the colostrum potential against Clostridioides difficile toxin-induced effects in IPEC-J2 cells. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1376-1380. [PMID: 37203280 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sow colostrum has been reported to protect the IPEC-J2 cells and piglet colon tissues from detrimental effect of Clostridioides difficile toxins. Since dietary fibre can influence the colostrum composition in sows, we hypothesised that it can also differentially affect the colostrum potential against C. difficile toxin-induced effects in IPEC-J2. IPEC-J2 were incubated with colostrum from sows fed either high-fermentable sugar beet pulp (SBP) or low-fermentable lignocellulose (LNC) fibres and in combination with the toxins and analysed by trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and cell viability using propidium iodide in flow cytometry. Toxins drastically decreased the integrity of IPEC-J2. Colostrum from the sows fed either SBP or LNC exerted protective effect against toxins on IPEC-J2 integrity and this effect was numerically superior in the SBP group. Differences in the percentages of TEER between different treatments were noted after 2 h (p = 0.043), 3 h (p = 0.017) and 4 h (p = 0.017) of incubation and a tendency for differences was noted after 5 h of incubation (p = 0.071). Colostrum from either SBP- or LNC-fed sows did not protect the IPEC-J2 from toxin-induced death. Colostrum of the sows fed either high-fermentable or low-fermentable fibres has a potential to protect IPEC-J2 from the loss of integrity, which may be important in protection from C. difficile-infection development in neonatal piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Grześkowiak
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilfried Vahjen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Le Bon M, Carvell-Miller L, Marshall-Jones Z, Watson P, Amos G. A Novel Prebiotic Fibre Blend Supports the Gastrointestinal Health of Senior Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3291. [PMID: 37894015 PMCID: PMC10603684 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Senior pets can suffer from a wide range of age-related diseases that can impact the quality of life for the pet and the relationship between a pet and their owner. Dietary fibre plays a key role in shaping the gastrointestinal health in mammalian species. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a novel prebiotic fibre blend containing sugar beet pulp, galacto-oligosaccharides, and cellulose on the health of senior dogs when fed on top of a background commercial dry diet. Thirty-two dogs aged >8 years received the prebiotic fibre blend as a dietary topper for 21 days on top of a nutritionally complete diet using a cross-over study design. The prebiotic fibre blend improved the gastrointestinal health of senior dogs as measured through improved faecal quality scores, a reduction in faecal pH, changes to the taxonomic composition of the gut, and a reduction in faecal branched-chain fatty acids, which are markers for proteolytic degradation. Broader systemic measures, such as changes to serum cytokines, were not impacted by the prebiotic fibre blend. In conclusion, a novel prebiotic fibre blend containing sugar beet pulp, galacto-oligosaccharides, and cellulose improved the gastrointestinal health of senior dogs and could have a range of potential future dietary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gregory Amos
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray LE14 4RT, UK; (M.L.B.); (L.C.-M.); (P.W.)
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Ford T, McAdams ZL, Townsend KS, Martin LM, Johnson PJ, Ericsson AC. Effect of Sugar Beet Pulp on the Composition and Predicted Function of Equine Fecal Microbiota. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1254. [PMID: 37759653 PMCID: PMC10525916 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the partial replacement of dietary hay with sugar beet pulp (SBP) on the composition and predicted function of the fecal microbiota of healthy adult horses. Fecal samples were collected daily for 12 days from six adult horses after removal from pasture, including a five-day acclimation period, and a seven-day period following the introduction of SBP into their diet, and compared to six untreated horses over a comparable period. Fecal DNA was subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and a longitudinal analysis was performed comparing the composition and predicted function. While no significant treatment-associated changes in the richness, alpha diversity, or beta diversity were detected, random forest regression identified several high-importance taxonomic features associated with change over time in horses receiving SBP. A similar analysis of the predicted functional pathways identified several high-importance pathways, including those involved in the production of L-methionine and butyrate. These data suggest that feeding SBP to healthy adult horses acutely increases the relative abundance of several Gram-positive taxa, including Cellulosilyticum sp., Moryella sp., and Weissella sp., and mitigates the predicted functional changes associated with removal from pasture. Large-scale studies are needed to assess the protective effect of SBP on the incidence of the gastrointestinal conditions of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ford
- College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Zachary L. McAdams
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutics (MPT) Program, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Kile S. Townsend
- College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Lynn M. Martin
- College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Philip J. Johnson
- College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutics (MPT) Program, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- MU Metagenomics Center, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Dygas D, Kręgiel D, Berłowska J. Sugar Beet Pulp as a Biorefinery Substrate for Designing Feed. Molecules 2023; 28:2064. [PMID: 36903310 PMCID: PMC10004680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An example of the implementation of the principles of the circular economy is the use of sugar beet pulp as animal feed. Here, we investigate the possible use of yeast strains to enrich waste biomass in single-cell protein (SCP). The strains were evaluated for yeast growth (pour plate method), protein increment (Kjeldahl method), assimilation of free amino nitrogen (FAN), and reduction of crude fiber content. All the tested strains were able to grow on hydrolyzed sugar beet pulp-based medium. The greatest increases in protein content were observed for Candida utilis LOCK0021 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ethanol Red (ΔN = 2.33%) on fresh sugar beet pulp, and for Scheffersomyces stipitis NCYC1541 (ΔN = 3.04%) on dried sugar beet pulp. All the strains assimilated FAN from the culture medium. The largest reductions in the crude fiber content of the biomass were recorded for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ethanol Red (Δ = 10.89%) on fresh sugar beet pulp and Candida utilis LOCK0021 (Δ = 15.05%) on dried sugar beet pulp. The results show that sugar beet pulp provides an excellent matrix for SCP and feed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Dygas
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 171/173 Wólczańska Street, 90-530 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dorota Kręgiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 171/173 Wólczańska Street, 90-530 Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Berłowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 171/173 Wólczańska Street, 90-530 Łódź, Poland
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Meng J, Mäkelä MR, de Vries RP. Identification of an l-Arabitol Transporter from Aspergillus niger. Biomolecules 2023; 13. [PMID: 36830558 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
l-arabitol is an intermediate of the pentose catabolic pathway in fungi but can also be used as a carbon source by many fungi, suggesting the presence of transporters for this polyol. In this study, an l-arabitol transporter, LatA, was identified in Aspergillus niger. Growth and expression profiles as well as sugar consumption analysis indicated that LatA only imports l-arabitol and is regulated by the arabinanolytic transcriptional activator AraR. Moreover, l-arabitol production from wheat bran was increased in a metabolically engineered A. niger mutant by the deletion of latA, indicating its potential for improving l-arabitol-producing cell factories. Phylogenetic analysis showed that homologs of LatA are widely conserved in fungi.
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Peleki C, Kiosis E, Polizopoulou ZS, Tsousis G, Fthenakis GC, Giadinis ND, Brozos C. Effect of Sugar Beet Pulp and Anionic Salts on Metabolic Status and Mineral Homeostasis during the Peri-Parturient Period of Dairy Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36670753 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar beet pulp is a popular by-product of sugar extraction; however, it can potentially cause depletion of Ca availability due to its oxalic content. The experiment examined the effect of sugar beet pulp and anionic salts administration during the dry period on the serum concentration of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and potassium of dairy sheep. Eighty-seven sheep were divided into three groups (A, B, and C) according to their body condition score (BCS) and age at 40 days before the expected lambing. All groups received alfalfa hay, mixed grass straw, and a concentrate supplement. The concentrate fed to groups B and C contained sugar beet pulp. The nutritional value fed to all three groups was similar, except for Dietary Cation Anion Difference (DCAD). Animals of group A had a DCAD of +198 mEq/kg, animals of group B of +188 mEq/kg, and animals of group C were fed 20 gr/d ammonium chloride to achieve a negative DCAD (-52 mEq/kg). All groups were fed the same ration after lambing. Blood samples were collected 30 d, 20 d, 17 d, 14 d, 10 d, 7 d, and 4 d before lambing (a.p.), 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 7 d, 10 d, and 15 d after lambing (p.p) for calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and potassium, and 30 d a.p., 7 d, and 15 d p.p. for beta hydroxybutyrate acid (BHBA) concentrations. Urine samples were also collected 20 d, 10 d, 4 d a.p., and 7 d p.p for the evaluation of pH levels. Ca levels of the control group decreased earlier and were lower at 4 d a.p. compared to those of group B and C. Additionally, the control group showed lower p values compared to group C at 20 d and 17 d a.p. P levels recovered earlier post parturition in young (age 1-1.5 years old) compared to older ewes. Group C had lower urine pH values throughout the pre-parturient period, reflecting the acidifying effect of the administered ammonium chloride, without any side effect on macromineral blood concentration. Feeding sugar beet pulp and systemic acidifying before parturition is considered safe and might even be beneficial in preventing hypocalcemia.
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Djordjević M, Ambrus R, Maravić N, Vidović S, Šoronja-Simović D, Petrović J, Šereš Z. Impact of Short-Time Micronization on Structural and Thermal Properties of Sugar Beet Fibre and Inulin. Food Technol Biotechnol 2022; 60:543-555. [PMID: 36816878 PMCID: PMC9901335 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.60.04.22.7734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background By tailoring dietary fibre's structural and physicochemical properties, their functionality and applicability can be remarkably increased. One of the approaches used in this respect is fibre particle size reduction. Accordingly, the present study explores the impact of short-time micronization in a planetary ball mill on structural and thermal changes of modified and commercial sugar beet fibre, inulin and sucrose for their potential application as food excipients. Experimental approach Short-time micronization in a planetary ball mill (30 and 60 min) was applied for particle size reduction of modified and commercial sugar beet fibre, inulin and sucrose as less energy-consumptive and less destructive approach than long-time micronization. Dietary fibre and sucrose samples were characterised in terms of particle size, morphology, intermolecular bonds and presence of functional groups, crystallinity and thermal properties, before and after the short-time micronization. Results and conclusions Particle size was successfully reduced to micron-scale already after 30 min of micronization in most of the samples without significant changes in thermal properties and crystallinity or present functional groups. An enhanced particle size decrease with prolonged micronization time (60 min) was noticed in modified sugar beet fibre with slightly wider particle size distribution than in other examined samples. Furthermore, morphology and exposure of the present functional groups in samples were altered by the micronization, which is favourable for their further application as excipients in the food matrix. Novelty and scientific contribution The corresponding research reports the short-time micronization impact on sugar beet fibre and modified sugar beet fibre, inulin and sucrose for the first time, hence contributing to the widening of their application as excipients in diverse products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljana Djordjević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Department of Carbohydrate Food Engineering, Blvd. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia,Corresponding author: Phone: +381214853684, Fax: +38121450413, E-mail:
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös street 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikola Maravić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Department of Carbohydrate Food Engineering, Blvd. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Senka Vidović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Blvd. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Šoronja-Simović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Department of Carbohydrate Food Engineering, Blvd. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana Petrović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Department of Carbohydrate Food Engineering, Blvd. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zita Šereš
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Department of Carbohydrate Food Engineering, Blvd. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Sadat SMO, Kucukcongar S, Turkyilmaz M. Nickel adsorption from waters onto Fe 3O 4/ sugar beet pulp nanocomposite. Int J Phytoremediation 2022; 25:572-585. [PMID: 35790486 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2093832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study the magnetic nanocomposite material was synthesized with Fe3O4 impregnated to sugar beet pulp using chemical precipitation technique. Ni(II) removal performance of magnetic nanocomposite was investigated under different environmental conditions such as contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, initial heavy metal concentration, etc. The experimental studies have shown that, 81.2% Ni(II) removal efficiency was achieved at optimal conditions (25 mg/L initial Ni(II) concentration at 40 minute contact time, 200 rpm shaking speed, 5 g/L nanocomposite dose and pH 6.6). Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm experiments were performed and correlation coefficients were determined as 94.5% and 99.4%, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of material was achieved as 9.36 mg/g. These findings indicate that the adsorption that takes place is a monolayer process. The results of the pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9947) indicate the chemisorptions process is used for Ni(II) removal using the electrostatic interaction. Thermodynamic studies illustrated that Ni(II) adsorption onto nanocomposite are exothermic and causes a decrease in the entropy. The adsorption of Ni(II) ions is non-spontaneous except for at low temperature and low initial concentrations. Nanocomposite characterization was illuminated with XRD, FT-IR, BET, TGA, TEM, SEM/EDX analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sezen Kucukcongar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Turkyilmaz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey
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Badaras S, Ruzauskas M, Gruzauskas R, Zokaityte E, Starkute V, Mockus E, Klementaviciute J, Bartkevics V, Vadopalas L, Klupsaite D, Dauksiene A, Zokaityte G, Mickiene R, Bartkiene E. Strategy for Local Plant-Based Material Valorisation to Higher-Value Feed Stock for Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1092. [PMID: 35565519 PMCID: PMC9100104 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a 41-day experiment was conducted using 300 (21-day-old) Large White/Norwegian Landrace piglets (100 piglets in each group). Three dietary treatments were compared: (i) a basal diet (C-I), (ii) a basal diet with the addition of extruded-fermented wheat bran (Wex130/screwspeed25Lpa) (TG-II), and (iii) a basal diet with the addition of dried sugar beet pulp (TG-III). Analyses of piglets' blood parameters, faecal microbial and physico-chemical characteristics, and piglets' growth performance were performed. It was found that the extrusion and fermentation combination led to an additional functional value of Wex130/screwspeed25Lpa, which showed desirable antimicrobial and antifungal properties in vitro (inhibited 5 out of 10 tested pathogenic strains and 3 out of 11 tested fungi). Both treatments reduced total enterobacteria and increased lactic acid bacteria counts in piglets' faeces. The consistency of the piglets' faeces (in all three groups) was within a physiological range throughout the whole experiment. Strong positive correlations were found between the LAB count in piglets' faeces and butanoic acid; butanoic acid, 3-methyl-; butyric acid (2-methyl-); pentanoic acid. The treatment groups obtained a significantly higher body weight gain and average daily gain. Finally, substituting the piglets' diet with Wex130/screwspeed25Lpa and sugar beet pulp led to favourable changes in micro-organism populations in the piglets' faeces as well as better growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarunas Badaras
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.B.); (E.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.) (L.V.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Modestas Ruzauskas
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Romas Gruzauskas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Egle Zokaityte
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.B.); (E.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.) (L.V.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytaute Starkute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.B.); (E.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.) (L.V.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ernestas Mockus
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.B.); (E.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.) (L.V.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Jolita Klementaviciute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.B.); (E.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.) (L.V.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Vadims Bartkevics
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes ilea 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Laurynas Vadopalas
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.B.); (E.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.) (L.V.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Dovile Klupsaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.B.); (E.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.) (L.V.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Agila Dauksiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.B.); (E.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.) (L.V.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gintare Zokaityte
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.B.); (E.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.) (L.V.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ruta Mickiene
- Instrumental Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.B.); (E.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.) (L.V.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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11
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Kopitzky R. Poly(lactic acid)-Poly(butylene succinate)- Sugar Beet Pulp Composites; Part II: Water Absorption Characteristics with Fine and Coarse Sugar Beet Pulp Particles; A Phenomenological Investigation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3558. [PMID: 34685317 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is a residue available in large quantities from the sugar industry, and can serve as a cost-effective bio-based and biodegradable filler for fully bio-based compounds containing bio-based polyesters. The composition of SBP is characterized by an unusually high content of pectins, which are known as water-binding substances. Their molecular structure and the poor gelling properties, compared to other pectin sources, do not allow industrial use on a larger scale. However, good water absorption capacity can be advantageous for promoting plastics degradation or disintegration in the environment. In this study, we evaluated the water absorption capacity and processes of SBP-filled composites with bio-based polyesters on a longer time scale. We analyzed water absorption from a phenomenological point of view and tried to derive basic parameters for the general description of the composites behavior. We found that polar polyesters or polyester blends filled with higher amounts of especially coarse SBP suffer disintegration within a few weeks when supplied with sufficient water. On the other hand, less polar polyesters filled with fine SBP rather absorb water but do not show disintegration for several months. On a time scale of a few years, catalytic disintegration of the composites appears to be independent of the addition of SBP.
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12
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Marzo C, Díaz AB, Caro I, Blandino A. Effect of Several Pretreatments on the Lactic Acid Production from Exhausted Sugar Beet Pulp. Foods 2021; 10:2414. [PMID: 34681463 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhausted sugar beet pulp (ESBP), a by-product of the sugar industry, has been used as a substrate to produce lactic acid (LA). Due to the fact that ESBP contains a high percentage of pectin and hemicellulose, different pretreatments were studied to solubilize them and to facilitate the access to cellulose in the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. Several pretreatments were studied, specifically biological, oxidant with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP), and thermochemical with acid (0.25, 0.5, or 1% w/v of H2SO4). Pretreated ESBP was enzymatically hydrolysed and fermented with the strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum for LA production. The hydrolysis was carried out with the commercial enzymes Celluclast®, pectinase, and xylanase, for 48 h. After that, the hydrolysate was supplemented with yeast extract and calcium carbonate before the bacteria inoculation. Results showed that all the pretreatments caused a modification of the fibre composition of ESBP. In most cases, the cellulose content increased, rising from 25% to 68% when ESBP was pretreated thermochemically at 1% w/v H2SO4. The production of LA was enhanced when ESBP was pretreated thermochemically. However, it was reduced when biological and AHP pretreatments were applied. In conclusion, thermochemical pretreatment with 1% w/v H2SO4 had a positive impact on the production of LA, increasing its concentration from 27 g/L to 50 g/L.
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13
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Wang Y, Xia K, Wang XN, Lin X, Liu J, Li YJ, Liu XL, Zhao WJ, Zhang YG, Guo JH. Improvement of feed intake, digestibility, plasma metabolites, and lactation performance of dairy cows fed mixed silage of sugar beet pulp and rice straw inoculated with lactic acid bacteria. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:269-280. [PMID: 34600711 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the inclusion effects of sugar beet pulp and rice straw mixture silage with inoculation (BRMS), in place of whole-plant corn silage (CS), on the dry matter intake, total-tract nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, rumen fermentation, and lactation performance in high-production dairy cows. Sixteen multiparous Holstein cows (body weight, 622 ± 35 kg; days in milk, 90 ± 11 d; mean ± standard deviation) were used in our experiments; the experiments were based on a repeated 4 × 4 Latin square design for 21 d, and each experimental period consisted of 14 d of adaptation, followed by 7 d of data collection. The 4 dietary treatments used were (dry matter basis): (1) 0% BRMS and 28.6% CS (0BRMS); (2) 4.3% BRMS and 24.3% CS (15BRMS); (3) 8.60% BRMS and 20.0% CS (30BRMS); and (4) 12.9% BRMS and 15.7% CS (45BRMS). The increasing inclusion of dietary BRMS was observed to linearly increase the total volatile fatty acids and the propionate concentration. The dry matter intake and digestibility values of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber increased linearly as the percentage of BRMS increased up to 45%. Milk yield linearly increased with the increase in the content of BRMS (39.0, 39.8, 40.9, and 40.3 kg/d for 0BRMS, 15BRMS, 30BRMS, and 45BRMS, respectively). The increasing inclusion of dietary BRMS induced a decrease in the ammonia nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen concentration, leading to a linear increase in milk protein production (1.15, 1.26, 1.35, and 1.27 kg/d for 0BRMS, 15BRMS, 30BRMS, and 45BRMS, respectively). In conclusion, the diets with the replacement of CS with BRMS up to 45% were beneficial to the production performance of high-production dairy cows, indicating that this method may be an appropriate use of sugar beet pulp and rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China; Animal Science and Technology Institute, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - K Xia
- China Oil and Foodstuffs Corporation, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - X N Wang
- Agricultural Experiment Base, Changchun, 130015, China
| | - X Lin
- AB Agri Ltd., 200050, Shanghai, China
| | - J Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Y J Li
- Animal Science and Technology Institute, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - X L Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
| | - W J Zhao
- Harbin Wondersun Pasture, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Y G Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology Institute, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - J H Guo
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
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Garrigues S, Kun RS, Peng M, Gruben BS, Benoit Gelber I, Mäkelä M, de Vries RP. The Cultivation Method Affects the Transcriptomic Response of Aspergillus niger to Growth on Sugar Beet Pulp. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0106421. [PMID: 34431718 PMCID: PMC8552599 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01064-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, filamentous fungi are exposed to diverse nutritional sources and changes in substrate availability. Conversely, in submerged cultures, mycelia are continuously exposed to the existing substrates, which are depleted over time. Submerged cultures are the preferred choice for experimental setups in laboratory and industry and are often used for understanding the physiology of fungi. However, to what extent the cultivation method affects fungal physiology, with respect to utilization of natural substrates, has not been addressed in detail. Here, we compared the transcriptomic responses of Aspergillus niger grown in submerged culture and solid culture, both containing sugar beet pulp (SBP) as a carbon source. The results showed that expression of CAZy (Carbohydrate Active enZyme)-encoding and sugar catabolic genes in liquid SBP was time dependent. Moreover, additional components of SBP delayed the A. niger response to the degradation of pectin present in SBP. In addition, we demonstrated that liquid cultures induced wider transcriptome variability than solid cultures. Although there was a correlation regarding sugar metabolic gene expression patterns between liquid and solid cultures, it decreased in the case of CAZyme-encoding genes. In conclusion, the transcriptomic response of A. niger to SBP is influenced by the culturing method, limiting the value of liquid cultures for understanding the behavior of fungi in natural habitats. IMPORTANCE Understanding the interaction between filamentous fungi and their natural and biotechnological environments has been of great interest for the scientific community. Submerged cultures are preferred over solid cultures at a laboratory scale to study the natural response of fungi to different stimuli found in nature (e.g., carbon/nitrogen sources, pH). However, whether and to what extent submerged cultures introduce variation in the physiology of fungi during growth on plant biomass have not been studied in detail. In this study, we compared the transcriptomic responses of Aspergillus niger to growth on liquid and solid cultures containing sugar beet pulp (a by-product of the sugar industry) as a carbon source. We demonstrate that the transcriptomic response of A. niger was highly affected by the culture condition, since the transcriptomic response obtained in a liquid environment could not fully explain the behavior of the fungus in a solid environment. This could partially explain the differences often observed between the phenotypes on plates compared to liquid cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Garrigues
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roland S. Kun
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mao Peng
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit S. Gruben
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Microbiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Benoit Gelber
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Microbiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miia Mäkelä
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald P. de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Microbiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Kopitzky R. Poly(Lactic Acid)-Poly(Butylene Succinate)- Sugar Beet Pulp Composites; Part I: Mechanics of Composites with Fine and Coarse Sugar Beet Pulp Particles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152531. [PMID: 34372134 PMCID: PMC8348549 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is a residue available in large quantities from the sugar industry, and can serve as a cost-effective bio-based and biodegradable filler for fully bio-based compounds based on bio-based polyesters. The heterogeneous cell structure of sugar beet suggests that the processing of SBP can affect the properties of the composite. An "Ultra-Rotor" type air turbulence mill was used to produce SBP particles of different sizes. These particles were processed in a twin-screw extruder with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and fillers to granules for possible marketable formulations. Different screw designs, compatibilizers and the use of glycerol as a thermoplasticization agent for SBP were also tested. The spherical, cubic, or ellipsoidal-like shaped particles of SBP are not suitable for usage as a fiber-like reinforcement. In addition, the fineness of ground SBP affects the mechanical properties because (i) a high proportion of polar surfaces leads to poor compatibility, and (ii) due to the inner structure of the particulate matter, the strength of the composite is limited to the cohesive strength of compressed sugar-cell compartments of the SBP. The compatibilization of the polymer-matrix-particle interface can be achieved by using compatibilizers of different types. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fracture patterns show that the compatibilization can lead to both well-bonded particles and cohesive fracture patterns in the matrix. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties are limited by the impact and elongation behavior. Therefore, the applications of SBP-based composites must be well considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodion Kopitzky
- Department of Circular and Bio-Based Plastics, Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
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16
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Martins LC, Palma M, Angelov A, Nevoigt E, Liebl W, Sá-Correia I. Complete Utilization of the Major Carbon Sources Present in Sugar Beet Pulp Hydrolysates by the Oleaginous Red Yeasts Rhodotorula toruloides and R. mucilaginosa. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030215. [PMID: 33802726 PMCID: PMC8002571 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial residues are low-cost carbon sources (C-sources) for microbial growth and production of value-added bioproducts. Among the agro-industrial residues available, those rich in pectin are generated in high amounts worldwide from the sugar industry or the industrial processing of fruits and vegetables. Sugar beet pulp (SBP) hydrolysates contain predominantly the neutral sugars d-glucose, l-arabinose and d-galactose, and the acidic sugar d-galacturonic acid. Acetic acid is also present at significant concentrations since the d-galacturonic acid residues are acetylated. In this study, we have examined and optimized the performance of a Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain, isolated from SBP and identified at the molecular level during this work. This study was extended to another oleaginous red yeast species, R. toruloides, envisaging the full utilization of the C-sources from SBP hydrolysate (at pH 5.0). The dual role of acetic acid as a carbon and energy source and as a growth and metabolism inhibitor was examined. Acetic acid prevented the catabolism of d-galacturonic acid and l-arabinose after the complete use of the other C-sources. However, d-glucose and acetic acid were simultaneously and efficiently metabolized, followed by d-galactose. SBP hydrolysate supplementation with amino acids was crucial to allow d-galacturonic acid and l-arabinose catabolism. SBP valorization through the production of lipids and carotenoids by Rhodotorula strains, supported by complete catabolism of the major C-sources present, looks promising for industrial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís C. Martins
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences/i4HB—Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (L.C.M.); (M.P.)
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Palma
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences/i4HB—Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (L.C.M.); (M.P.)
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Angel Angelov
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (A.A.); (W.L.)
| | - Elke Nevoigt
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen GmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Liebl
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (A.A.); (W.L.)
| | - Isabel Sá-Correia
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences/i4HB—Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (L.C.M.); (M.P.)
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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17
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Chroumpi T, Peng M, Markillie LM, Mitchell HD, Nicora CD, Hutchinson CM, Paurus V, Tolic N, Clendinen CS, Orr G, Baker SE, Mäkelä MR, de Vries RP. Re-routing of Sugar Catabolism Provides a Better Insight Into Fungal Flexibility in Using Plant Biomass-Derived Monomers as Substrates. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:644216. [PMID: 33763411 PMCID: PMC7982397 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.644216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous ascomycete Aspergillus niger has received increasing interest as a cell factory, being able to efficiently degrade plant cell wall polysaccharides as well as having an extensive metabolism to convert the released monosaccharides into value added compounds. The pentoses D-xylose and L-arabinose are the most abundant monosaccharides in plant biomass after the hexose D-glucose, being major constituents of xylan, pectin and xyloglucan. In this study, the influence of selected pentose catabolic pathway (PCP) deletion strains on growth on plant biomass and re-routing of sugar catabolism was addressed to gain a better understanding of the flexibility of this fungus in using plant biomass-derived monomers. The transcriptome, metabolome and proteome response of three PCP mutant strains, ΔlarAΔxyrAΔxyrB, ΔladAΔxdhAΔsdhA and ΔxkiA, grown on wheat bran (WB) and sugar beet pulp (SBP), was evaluated. Our results showed that despite the absolute impact of these PCP mutations on pure pentose sugars, they are not as critical for growth of A. niger on more complex biomass substrates, such as WB and SBP. However, significant phenotypic variation was observed between the two biomass substrates, but also between the different PCP mutants. This shows that the high sugar heterogeneity of these substrates in combination with the high complexity and adaptability of the fungal sugar metabolism allow for activation of alternative strategies to support growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Chroumpi
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mao Peng
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lye Meng Markillie
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Hugh D Mitchell
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Carrie D Nicora
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Chelsea M Hutchinson
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Vanessa Paurus
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Nikola Tolic
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Chaevien S Clendinen
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Scott E Baker
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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18
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Peighambardoust SH, Jafarzadeh-Moghaddam M, Pateiro M, Lorenzo JM, Domínguez R. Physicochemical, Thermal and Rheological Properties of Pectin Extracted from Sugar Beet Pulp Using Subcritical Water Extraction Process. Molecules 2021; 26:1413. [PMID: 33807800 PMCID: PMC7961787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the properties of pectin extracted from sugar beet pulp using subcritical water (SWE) as compared to conventional extraction (CE). The research involved advanced modeling using response surface methodology and optimization of operational parameters. The optimal conditions for maximum yield of pectin for SWE and CE methods were determined by the central composite design. The optimum conditions of CE were the temperature of 90 °C, time of 240 min, pH of 1, and pectin recovery yield of 20.8%. The optimal SWE conditions were liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio of 30% (v/w) at temperature of 130 °C for 20 min, which resulted in a comparable yield of 20.7%. The effect of obtained pectins on viscoamylograph pasting and DSC thermal parameters of corn starch was evaluated. The contents of galacturonic acid, degree of methylation, acetylation, and ferulic acid content were higher in the pectin extracted by SWE, while the molecular weight was lower. Similar chemical groups were characterized by FTIR in both SWE and CE pectins. Color attributes of both pectins were similar. Solutions of pectins at lower concentrations displayed nearly Newtonian behavior. The addition of both pectins to corn starch decreased pasting and DSC gelatinization parameters, but increased ΔH. The results offered a promising scalable approach to convert the beet waste to pectin as a value-added product using SWE with improved pectin properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (M.P.); (J.M.L.)
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (M.P.); (J.M.L.)
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (M.P.); (J.M.L.)
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19
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Abdollahi A, Karimi A, Sadeghi AA, Bedford MR, Ashengroph M. The effects of the fiber source and xylanase supplementation on production, egg quality, digestibility, and intestinal morphology in the aged laying hen. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100936. [PMID: 33518298 PMCID: PMC7936207 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the fiber source (wheat bran [WB] or sugar beet pulp [SBP]) and xylanase supplementation on production, egg quality, ileal digestibility, intestinal morphology, and gastrointestinal pH in aged laying hens. A total of 540 laying hens (Lohman LSL Lite; 70 wk of lay) were randomized into 10 treatments (6 replicate cages of 9 birds) consisting of a corn soy control supplemented with 0, 3, or 6% WB or SBP with or without xylanase (100 mg of xylanase preparation per kg) for a period of 9 wk in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement. Hens fed with the diets containing either of the levels of SBP or 6% WB had lower hen-day production, and addition of the enzyme improved hen-day production (P < 0.05), but it could not compensate for the lost production due to the higher levels of either of the fiber sources. Supplementation of 6% SBP to the control diet decreased egg mass (P < 0.05). All fiber-supplemented diets significantly decreased ADFI, which was restored on enzyme addition, with the exception of 3% WB diet. Treatments had no effects on egg weight, feed conversion ratio, egg quality, and serum and carcass traits, except for ileum weight, which was greater in hens fed with the 6% SBP diet (P < 0.05). Adding 3% SBP increased ileal DM digestibility (P < 0.05). Addition of 3% WB improved jejunal villus height, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, and villus surface area (P < 0.05). Villus surface area, DM, organic matter, and protein digestibility increased as a result of enzyme supplementation (P < 0.05). Cecal pH was reduced on feeding diets containing 3% WB, containing 3% SBP, and with enzyme supplementation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, addition of 3% WB in a corn soy control diet has the potential to improve small intestine morphology in older hens without adverse effects on performance, especially if accompanied by the use of an enzyme, which simultaneously improved morphological traits and nutrient digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abdollahi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 416, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - A Karimi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 416, Kurdistan, Iran.
| | - A A Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 416, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - M R Bedford
- AB Vista, Marlborough, Wiltshire, SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - M Ashengroph
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 416, Kurdistan, Iran
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Strąkowska A, Członka S, Kairytė A. Rigid Polyurethane Foams Reinforced with POSS-Impregnated Sugar Beet Pulp Filler. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13235493. [PMID: 33276537 PMCID: PMC7730523 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams were reinforced with sugar beet pulp (BP) impregnated with Aminopropylisobutyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (APIB-POSS). BP filler was incorporated into PUR at different percentages—1, 2, and 5 wt.%. The impact of BP filler on morphology features, mechanical performances, and thermal stability of PUR was examined. The results revealed that the greatest improvement in physico-mechanical properties was observed at lower concentrations (1 and 2 wt.%) of BP filler. For example, when compared with neat PUR foams, the addition of 2 wt.% of BP resulted in the formation of PUR composite foams with increased compressive strength (~12%), greater flexural strength (~12%), and better impact strength (~6%). The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that, due to the good thermal stability of POSS-impregnated BP filler, the reinforced PUR composite foams were characterized by better thermal stability—for example, by increasing the content of BP filler up to 5 wt.%, the mass residue measured at 600 °C increased from 29.0 to 31.9%. Moreover, the addition of each amount of filler resulted in the improvement of fire resistance of PUR composite foams, which was determined by measuring the value of heat peak release (pHRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke release (TSR), limiting oxygen index (LOI), and the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) released during the combustion. The greatest improvement was observed for PUR composite foams with 2 wt.% of BP filler. The results presented in the current study indicate that the addition of a proper amount of POSS-impregnated BP filler may be an effective approach to the synthesis of PUR composites with improved physico-mechanical properties. Due to the outstanding properties of PUR composite foams reinforced with POSS-impregnated BP, such developed materials may be successfully used as thermal insulation materials in the building and construction industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Strąkowska
- Institute of Polymer & Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Członka
- Institute of Polymer & Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnė Kairytė
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenu st. 28, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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D'Addabbo T, Migunova VD, Renčo M, Sasanelli N. Suppressiveness of Soil Amendments with Pelleted Plant Materials on the Root-knot Nematode Meloidogyne Incognita. Helminthologia 2020; 57:376-83. [PMID: 33364906 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2020-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil treatments with formulated plant biomasses or waste materials can be an effective alternative to green manure crops for a sustainable management of root-knot nematode infestations. The suppressive performance of soil amendments with three commercial formulations of defatted seed meal from Brassica carinata, dry biomass of Medicago sativa and pressed pulp from Beta vulgaris was comparatively evaluated on the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita both on potted and field tomato (cv. Regina) trials. Products were applied at rates of 10, 20, 30 or 40 g/kg and 20 and 40 T/ ha soil in pots and field, respectively. Soil non treated or treated with the nematicide Oxamyl were used as controls in both experiments. Amendments in potted soil significantly reduced M. incognita infestation on tomato roots compared to both the untreated control and treatment with Oxamyl, also increasing tomato plant growth up to the 30 g/kg soil rate. At the end of the field tomato crop, soil population density of M. incognita resulted significantly reduced by all the tested treatments, whereas tomato yield was significantly higher than the untreated control only at the lowest amendment rate. Soil amendments with the materials tested in this study demonstrated to be a potential additional tool for a satisfactory and safe management of root-knot nematodes.
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Taylor J, Sakkas P, Kyriazakis I. What are the limits to feed intake of broilers on bulky feeds? Poult Sci 2020; 100:100825. [PMID: 33516465 PMCID: PMC7936167 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The view that genetic selection for carcass yield has limited the size of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of modern broilers has sparked concerns that their capacity to cope with energy dilution or bulk is also limited. We investigated the capacity of male Ross 308 broilers to deal with increasing levels of bulk and aimed to identify a feed bulk dimension responsible for limiting feed intake (FI). About 528 day-old broilers were allocated to 48 pens and offered a common starter feed until day 8, and 1 of 7 feeds from day 8 to 36 of age: a basal control (B), which was diluted to 3 levels (15, 30, or 45%) with either oat hulls (OH) or sugar beet pulp (SBP). Feed intake was measured daily and birds were dissected for GIT measurements at day 15, 22, and 36. Feed intake increased in birds offered OH15 (135 g/d), OH30 (140 g/d), and SBP15 (138 g/d) compared with birds offered the B feed (106 g/d; SEM 2.4). By increasing FI, birds were able to compensate for the lower energy content of their feeds. The greatest increase in FI was seen on OH30: its energy content (2,273 kcal/kg) was 26% lower than the B feed (3,081 kcal/kg). There was evidence of adaptation on the bulky feeds, as during the last week only birds on SBP45 were limited in FI and performance. The relative weights of the GIT were greater in the SBP than OH series, suggesting that the former needed to accommodate a higher bulk intake. For the OH series the increase in the relative GIT weights was confined to the gizzard and small intestine; whereas for the SBP series, the increase was extended to proventriculus and large intestine. Because only SBP45 was limiting FI, we were unable to identify a bulk dimension to be used to predict FI. Our data reject the suggestion that modern broilers have a reduced ability to cope with reductions in feed energy content.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Taylor
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle on Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | | | - Ilias Kyriazakis
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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23
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Berrocoso JD, García-Ruiz A, Page G, Jaworski NW. The effect of added oat hulls or sugar beet pulp to diets containing rapidly or slowly digestible protein sources on broiler growth performance from 0 to 36 days of age. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6859-6866. [PMID: 33248601 PMCID: PMC7705002 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of formulating broiler diets that contain sources of either rapidly or slowly digestible protein and 2 different dietary fiber sources on growth performance were studied in broilers chickens from 0 to 36 d of age. A total of 1,920 one-day-old, male Ross 708 broiler chickens were randomly allocated and housed in 48 floor pens (40 birds/pen) to one of 4 dietary treatments. Birds were allotted according to a completely randomized block design using a factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 protein digestion rates (rapidly or slowly) and 2 dietary fiber sources [3% oat hulls (OH) or 3% sugar beet pulp (SBP)] from 0 to 36 d of age. All diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The pen was the experimental unit for all variables studied (12 replicates/treatment). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, and the model included the main effects of the protein digestion rate, dietary fiber source, and their interaction. There were 3 experimental feeding phases; starter (from day 0–14), grower (from day 14–28), and finisher (from day 28–36). Results indicated that broilers fed diets containing sources that supplied more rapidly digestible protein had 4% greater (P < 0.01) ADG and improved (P < 0.01) the feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 5% throughout the experiment, most notably after the starter phase. Diets containing 3% OH increased (P < 0.05) the ADFI and ADG (P < 0.05) in the starter phase compared with broilers fed diets containing 3% SBP, without affecting the FCR. The ADG and FCR of broilers fed diets containing sources of slowly digestible protein were improved (P < 0.05) to the level of broilers fed rapidly digestible protein containing diets with the addition of 3% OH. It is concluded that broiler diets should be formulated to contain a high concentration of ingredients that supply rapidly digestible protein, but if this is cost-prohibitive, then 3% OH could be used to increase the ADFI and ADG and potentially protein digestion rates to reduce the FCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Berrocoso
- Trouw Nutrition Innovation, Poultry Research Center, Toledo, Spain
| | - A García-Ruiz
- Trouw Nutrition Innovation, Poultry Research Center, Toledo, Spain
| | - G Page
- Trouw Nutrition Innovation, Swine Research Center, Boxmeer, Netherlands
| | - N W Jaworski
- Trouw Nutrition Innovation, Swine Research Center, Boxmeer, Netherlands.
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Wilkowska A, Berlowska J, Nowak A, Motyl I, Antczak-Chrobot A, Wojtczak M, Kunicka-Styczyńska A, Binczarski M, Dziugan P. Combined Yeast Cultivation and Pectin Hydrolysis as an Effective Method of Producing Prebiotic Animal Feed from Sugar Beet Pulp. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050724. [PMID: 32384772 PMCID: PMC7277867 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective and ecological method for liberation of pectin-derived oligosaccharides (POS) from sugar beet pulp (SBP) was developed using enzymatic and microorganism-mediated biomass conversion. The POS may be applied in the production of prebiotic feed additives. Various yeast strains were screened for their capacity for protein synthesis and monosaccharide assimilation. Combined yeast cultivation and pectin hydrolysis were found to be an effective method of producing prebiotics. Separate enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of SBP resulted in the release of 3.6 g of POS per 100 g d.w., whereas the yield of POS acquired after the combined process was 17.9% higher, giving 4.2 g of POS per 100 g d.w. Introducing the yeast into the process improved hydrolysis performance due to lower enzyme inhibition by mono- and disaccharides. The prebiotic effect of the POS was assessed by in vitro fermentation using individual cultures of gastrointestinal bacteria. The POS in the SBP hydrolysate effectively promoted the growth of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. A large increase in adherence to Caco-2 cells in the presence of POS was noted for beneficial Lactobacillus brevis strains, whereas pathogenic bacteria and yeast (C. albicans, C. lusitanie, C. pelliculosa), responsible for infections in breeding animals, showed much weaker adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wilkowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-631-3490
| | - Joanna Berlowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (J.B.); (A.N.); (I.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (J.B.); (A.N.); (I.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Ilona Motyl
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (J.B.); (A.N.); (I.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Aneta Antczak-Chrobot
- Institute of Technology and Analysis of Food, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (A.A.-C.); (M.W.)
| | - Maciej Wojtczak
- Institute of Technology and Analysis of Food, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (A.A.-C.); (M.W.)
| | - Alina Kunicka-Styczyńska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Michał Binczarski
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Piotr Dziugan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (J.B.); (A.N.); (I.M.); (P.D.)
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Díaz AB, González C, Marzo C, Caro I, Blandino A. Feasibility of exhausted sugar beet pulp as raw material for lactic acid production. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:3036-3045. [PMID: 32057099 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exhausted sugar beet pulp pellets (ESBPP), a sugar industry by-product generated after sugar extraction in the sugar production process, have been used as a raw material for lactic acid (LA) production via hydrolysis and fermentation by Lactobacillus casei. To design a more cost-effective process, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of ESBPP is proposed in the present study. The effects of pH control, nutrient supplementation and solid addition in fed-batch SSF on lactic acid production were investigated. RESULTS The highest LA concentration (26.88 g L-1 ) was reached in fed-batch SSF at a solid/liquid loading of 0.2 g mL-1 , with pH control (by adding 30 g L-1 CaCO3 to the medium) and nutrient supplementation (by adding 20 mL of MRS medium per 100 mL of buffer). Under these conditions, a maximum productivity of 0.63 g L-1 h-1 was achieved, which is 2.7 times higher than that attained in the control experiment (SSF inoculated at time 0 h). However, a slightly lower LA yield was obtained, revealing the need of an increasing dose of enzymes at high solid loading SSF. CONCLUSION An efficient fed-batch SSF strategy with pH control and MRS supplementation is described in the present study, attaining higher LA productivity compared to separate hydrolysis and fermentation and SSF. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Díaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, IVAGRO Institute, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Claudia González
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, IVAGRO Institute, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Marzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, IVAGRO Institute, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Caro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, IVAGRO Institute, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Ana Blandino
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, IVAGRO Institute, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
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Alves de Oliveira R, Schneider R, Hoss Lunelli B, Vaz Rossell CE, Maciel Filho R, Venus J. A Simple Biorefinery Concept to Produce 2G-Lactic Acid from Sugar Beet Pulp (SBP): A High-Value Target Approach to Valorize a Waste Stream. Molecules 2020; 25:E2113. [PMID: 32365990 PMCID: PMC7248869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid is a high-value molecule with a vast number of applications. Its production in the biorefineries model is a possibility for this sector to aggregate value to its production chain. Thus, this investigation presents a biorefinery model based on the traditional sugar beet industry proposing an approach to produce lactic acid from a waste stream. Sugar beet is used to produce sugar and ethanol, and the remaining pulp is sent to animal feed. Using Bacillus coagulans in a continuous fermentation, 2781.01 g of lactic acid was produced from 3916.91 g of sugars from hydrolyzed sugar beet pulp, with a maximum productivity of 18.06 g L-1h-1. Without interfering in the sugar production, ethanol, or lactic acid, it is also possible to produce pectin and phenolic compounds in the biorefinery. The lactic acid produced was purified by a bipolar membrane electrodialysis and the recovery reached 788.80 g/L with 98% w/w purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiane Alves de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Optimization, Design and Advanced Process Control, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Avenida Albert Einstein 500, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil;
- Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany;
| | - Roland Schneider
- Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany;
| | - Betânia Hoss Lunelli
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Centro de Ciências Exatas, Ambientais e de Tecnologias, Faculdade de Química, Rua Professor Doutor Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini 1516, Campinas 13087-571, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Eduardo Vaz Rossell
- Interdisciplinary Center of Energy Planning (NIPE), University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Cora Coralina 330, Campinas 13083-896, Brazil;
| | - Rubens Maciel Filho
- Laboratory of Optimization, Design and Advanced Process Control, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Avenida Albert Einstein 500, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil;
| | - Joachim Venus
- Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany;
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Amanzougarene Z, Tejeda MP, Calvo H, de la Fuente G, Fondevila M. Microbial fermentation of starch- or fibre-rich feeds added with dry or pre-activated Saccharomyces cerevisiae studied in vitro under conditions simulating high-concentrate feeding for ruminants. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:2236-2243. [PMID: 31917481 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study if the effect on fermentation of yeasts added in ruminant diets can be improved, the effect of adding dry (DY) or pre-activated (AY) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, compared with unsupplemented rumen fluid (CT), on barley grain or sugar beet pulp was evaluated under in vitro high-concentrate fermentative conditions. Yeasts were pre-activated by culturing aerobically at 30 °C for 24 h. RESULTS In Experiment 1, AY showed a higher concentration than DY at 6 h incubation (6.83 versus 5.76 log cfu mL-1 ; P = 0.007), differences disappearing at 12 h. This was supported by higher gas production with AY, especially on sugar beet pulp. In Experiment 2, incubation pH was 6.24 and 6.31 respectively for barley and sugar beet pulp at 8 h (P < 0.05), but no effect was recorded at 24 h (6.00 and 5.96; P > 0.05). With sugar beet pulp, gas production promoted by AY was the highest (P < 0.05) in the first 8 h of incubation. However, differences with barley were lower and only detected between AY and CT at 12 h (P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration at 8 h followed the same trend, but no differences were detected on molar VFAs profile or lactate concentration. Microbial diversity was more affected by the incubation series than by experimental treatments, and inocula including yeasts (AY, DY) did not differ from unsupplemented rumen liquid. CONCLUSIONS When pre-activated, the concentration of S. cerevisiae was initially higher and resulted in higher gas volumes, and more on a fibrous (sugar beet pulp) than a starchy (barley) substrate. The response is apparently quantitative, since no major changes were detected on biodiversity or fermentation profile. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahia Amanzougarene
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Pilar Tejeda
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Héctor Calvo
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Fondevila
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
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Vázquez-de-Aldana BR, Cuesta MJ, Zabalgogeazcoa I. Cultivation and growth dynamics of endophytic fungi in a solid culture medium based on sugar beet pulp. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:441-446. [PMID: 31512241 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of mycelium from endophytic fungi is of interest for applications ranging from inoculants and biofertilizers for crop production to fermentations for enzyme and metabolite production. The purpose of this study was to test the capacity of a solid growth medium based on beet pulp for growing different strains of endophytes. RESULTS The ergosterol content of inoculated medium was measured to estimate fungal growth. Several parameters related to the preparation of the growth medium, such as water content, calcium salts and incubation time, were evaluated. The greatest fungal biomass production was observed in a medium prepared with a 1:2 (beet pulp:water) ratio, containing calcium sulfate and carbonate. Strains belonging to different fungal species grew well in the growth medium finally selected, producing yields ranging from 50 to 500 g mycelium per kilogram of dry culture, after 22-27 days. Cultures containing up to 400 g beet pulp grew successfully, and could be scaled up. CONCLUSION A solid culture medium based on beet pulp supported the growth of diverse taxa of fungal endophytes. Both the water and calcium salt content of the growth medium affected the efficiency of mycelium production. Considering these factors, beet pulp medium was an excellent endophyte cultivation medium because of the high yield of fungal biomass observed, together with its ease of handling and scaling-up production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz R Vázquez-de-Aldana
- Department of Abiotic Stress, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - María José Cuesta
- Department of Abiotic Stress, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Iñigo Zabalgogeazcoa
- Department of Abiotic Stress, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
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29
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Mladenović D, Djukić-Vuković A, Stanković M, Milašinović-Šeremešić M, Radosavljević M, Pejin J, Mojović L. Bioprocessing of agro-industrial residues into lactic acid and probiotic enriched livestock feed. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:5293-5302. [PMID: 31006866 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing challenges of resource depletion, food security and environmental protection are putting stress on the development of biorefinery processes for bioprocessing of residues from food and agro-industry into value-added products. In this study, the simultaneous production of lactic acid (LA) and livestock feed on a combined substrate based on molasses and potato stillage by Lactobacillus paracasei NRRL B-4564 immobilized onto sunflower seed hull (SSH), brewer's spent grain (BSG) and sugar beet pulp (SBP) was studied. RESULTS The highest total LA concentration of 399 g L-1 with overall productivity of 1.27 g L-1 h-1 was achieved in repeated batch fermentation by SBP-immobilized biocatalyst, followed by BSG- and SSH-immobilized cells. Fermentation improved the content of proteins and ash, and decreased the content of fibers in all three support materials. In addition, the fermentation had favorable effect on in vitro dry matter digestibility and energy values of SSH and BSG. According to assessment of probiotic potential, L. paracasei demonstrated a favorable probiotic profile, exhibiting high resistance to simulated ruminant digestive tract and significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSIONS The proposed strategy enables valorization of agro-industrial residues as value-added ruminant feed and simultaneous LA production. Following principles of circular economy, the developed process combines different raw materials and integrates them into a biorefinery process, improving the overall profitability and productivity. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Mladenović
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Djukić-Vuković
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Stanković
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Milica Radosavljević
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Maize Research Institute 'Zemun Polje', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Pejin
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Mojović
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Petri RM, Münnich M, Zebeli Q, Klevenhusen F. Graded replacement of corn grain with molassed sugar beet pulp modulates the fecal microbial community and hindgut fermentation profile in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5019-5030. [PMID: 30928269 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
High starch lactation diets not only enhance the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis but also of hindgut acidosis, which increases the risk of dysbiosis and the depression of fiber degradation. We recently showed that replacing corn with molassed sugar beet pulp (Bp) improved fiber degradation in high-producing dairy cattle, possibly because of an improvement of rumen and hindgut conditions for microbes by Bp feeding. However, little is known about the effects of high inclusion rates of Bp on hindgut microbes and fermentation. Thus fecal grab samples were taken from 18 high-yielding Simmental cows after 28 d of feeding 3 different levels of Bp (n = 6) for bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. In addition, the reticular pH was continuously monitored with indwelling sensors and eating and ruminating behavior was evaluated with noseband sensors. The Bp inclusion rates were 0 g/kg (i.e., no Bp inclusion as control, CON), 120 g/kg (12Bp), or 240 g/kg (24Bp) replacing corn grain and limestone on a dry matter basis. The amount of time spent eating and ruminating was unaffected by Bp level, and the daily fluctuation in the reticular pH was reduced by 25% with Bp inclusion from 0.8 in the CON diet to 0.6 in 24Bp fed animals. Also, the fecal pH tended to increase with dietary Bp inclusion. Fecal acetate production showed a quadratic tendency with the lowest concentration (58.9%) of the total short-chain fatty acid in the 12Bp treatment. Inclusion of Bp up to 24% of the diet decreased the fecal butyrate proportion by 27%. The Shannon diversity index was increased from 5.50 to 8.09 with dietary Bp inclusion indicating increased species diversity. Of the 200 most abundant operational taxonomic units, 25 were increased by dietary Bp inclusion, whereas 15 were decreased and 7 were quadratically affected. The second most abundant group was proposed taxon "CF231" of the family Paraprevotellaceae. Although it accounted for only 2.52% of the operational taxonomic units in the CON diet, it was increased by 64% with dietary Bp inclusion. The largest relative change in the abundance was found for the genus Fibrobacter that increased more than 14-fold from 0.04% (CON) to 0.66% (24Bp). In conclusion, feeding molassed sugar beet pulp as partial substitution of corn up to 240 g/kg is a viable alternative that promotes ruminal and hindgut fermentation by supporting physiological pH and bacterial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Maxine Petri
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthias Münnich
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fenja Klevenhusen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Pińkowska H, Krzywonos M, Wolak P, Złocińska A. Pectin and Neutral Monosaccharides Production during the Simultaneous Hydrothermal Extraction of Waste Biomass from Refining of Sugar-Optimization with the Use of Doehlert Design. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030472. [PMID: 30699933 PMCID: PMC6385035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a one-stage hydrothermal extraction of sugar beet pulp leading to effective co-production of pectin and neutral monosaccharides with a relatively high yield and satisfactory purity without the presence of an acidic catalyst. The optimal experimental design methodology was used for modelling and optimizing the yield of pectin and neutral monosaccharides. In good agreement with experimental results (R2 = 0.955), the model predicts an optimal yield of pectin (approx. 121.1 g kg−1 ± 0.47 g kg−1) at a temperature and time of about 118.1 °C and 21.5 min, respectively. The highest yield of the sum of neutral monosaccharides (approx. 82.6 g kg−1 ± 0.72 g kg−1) was obtained at about 116.2 °C and 26.4 min (R2 = 0.976). The obtained results are suitable for industrial upscaling and may provide an incentive to implement a new, environmentally friendly, simple, and effective method for treating waste product from the sugar refining industry, which has proved onerous until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Pińkowska
- Wrocław University of Economics, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Krzywonos
- Wrocław University of Economics, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Paweł Wolak
- Wrocław University of Economics, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Adrianna Złocińska
- Wrocław Medical University, Laboratory of Elemental Analysis and Structural Research, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
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Yang W, Feng Y, He H, Yang Z. Environmentally-Friendly Extraction of Cellulose Nanofibers from Steam-Explosion Pretreated Sugar Beet Pulp. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11071160. [PMID: 29986494 PMCID: PMC6073712 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with an average diameter of 22 nm were prepared from sugar beet pulp (SBP) via an environmentally-friendly method. Steam-explosion pretreated SBP was treated with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) bleaching, high-speed blending, and ultrasonic treatment. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that hemicellulose was partially hydrolyzed in the steam-cooking stage, pectin was removed in the explosion stage, and lignin was removed by H₂O₂ bleaching. The removal of non-cellulosic components was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Morphological analysis showed that steam-explosion pretreatment largely extracted the binder materials of hemicellulose and pectin. This exposed the microfibrillated cellulosic fibers, which promoted subsequent nanofibrillation. X-ray diffraction showed that the CNFs had a crystallinity index of 62.3%. The CNFs had good thermal stability, and thus have potential for use as fillers in polymer matrices. The only chemical reagent used in this green method was H₂O₂. Combining H₂O₂ bleaching with steam explosion, high-speed blending, and ultrasonic treatment reduced the overall energy consumption and increased the efficiency of the CNFs extraction. The method, therefore, has potential application in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Yanhong Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Hezhi He
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Zhitao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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Münnich M, Khol-Parisini A, Klevenhusen F, Metzler-Zebeli BU, Zebeli Q. Graded replacement of maize grain with molassed sugar beet pulp modulated ruminal microbial community and fermentation profile in vitro. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:991-997. [PMID: 28722751 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molassed sugar beet pulp (Bp) is a viable alternative to grains in cattle nutrition for reducing human edible energy input. Yet little is known about the effects of high inclusion rates of Bp on rumen microbiota. This study used an in vitro approach and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique to establish the effects of a graded replacement of maize grain (MG) by Bp on the ruminal microbial community, fermentation profile and nutrient degradation. RESULTS Six different amounts of Bp (0-400 g kg-1 ), which replaced MG in the diet, were tested using the in vitro semi-continuous rumen simulation technique. The increased inclusion of Bp resulted in greater dietary content and degradation of neutral detergent fibre (P < 0.01). Further, Bp feeding enhanced (P < 0.01) the abundance of genus Prevotella and shifted (P < 0.01) the short-chain fatty acid patterns in favour of acetate and propionate and at the expense of butyrate. A total replacement of MG with Bp resulted in an increased daily methane production (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Results suggest positive effects of the replacement of MG by Bp especially in terms of stimulating ruminal acetate and propionate fermentation. However, high replacement rates of Bp resulted in lowered utilization of ammonia and higher ruminal methane production. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Münnich
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annabella Khol-Parisini
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fenja Klevenhusen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara U Metzler-Zebeli
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Berlowska J, Cieciura-Włoch W, Kalinowska H, Kregiel D, Borowski S, Pawlikowska E, Binczarski M, Witonska I. Enzymatic Conversion of Sugar Beet Pulp: A Comparison of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation and Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation for Lactic Acid Production. Food Technol Biotechnol 2018; 56:188-196. [PMID: 30228793 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.56.02.18.5390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compares the efficiency of lactic acid production by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of sugar beet pulp, a byproduct of industrial sugar production. In experiments, sugar beet pulp was hydrolyzed using five commercial enzymes. A series of shake flask fermentations were conducted using five selected strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The differences in the activities of the enzymes for degrading the principal sugar beet pulp components were reflected in the different yields of total reducing sugars. The highest yields after hydrolysis and the lowest quantities of insoluble residues were obtained using a mixture (1:1) of Viscozyme® and Ultraflo® Max. In the SHF process, only a portion of the soluble sugars released by the enzymes from the sugar beet pulp was assimilated by the LAB strains. In SSF, low enzyme loads led to reduction in the efficiency of sugar accumulation. The risk of carbon catabolic repression was reduced. Our results suggest that SSF has advantages over SHF, including lower processing costs and higher productivity. Lactic acid yield in SSF mode (approx. 30 g/L) was 80-90% higher than that in SHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Berlowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Weronika Cieciura-Włoch
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Halina Kalinowska
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Kregiel
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pawlikowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Binczarski
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116,
PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Witonska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116,
PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Berlowska J, Cieciura W, Borowski S, Dudkiewicz M, Binczarski M, Witonska I, Otlewska A, Kregiel D. Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Sugar Beet Pulp with Mixed Bacterial Cultures for Lactic Acid and Propylene Glycol Production. Molecules 2016; 21:E1380. [PMID: 27763527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into fermentative production of lactic acid from agricultural by-products has recently concentrated on the direct conversion of biomass, whereby pure sugars are replaced with inexpensive feedstock in the process of lactic acid production. In our studies, for the first time, the source of carbon used is sugar beet pulp, generated as a by-product of industrial sugar production. In this paper, we focus on the simultaneous saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass and fermentation of lactic acid, using mixed cultures with complementary assimilation profiles. Lactic acid is one of the primary platform chemicals, and can be used to synthesize a wide variety of useful products, including green propylene glycol. A series of controlled batch fermentations was conducted under various conditions, including pretreatment with enzymatic hydrolysis. Inoculation was performed in two sequential stages, to avoid carbon catabolite repression. Biologically-synthesized lactic acid was catalytically reduced to propylene glycol over 5% Ru/C. The highest lactic acid yield was obtained with mixed cultures. The yield of propylene glycol from the biological lactic acid was similar to that obtained with a water solution of pure lactic acid. Our results show that simultaneous saccharification and fermentation enables generation of lactic acid, suitable for further chemical transformations, from agricultural residues.
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Li D, Yuan L, Li M, Li G. [Progress on cellulosic ethanol produced from beet pulp]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2016; 32:880-888. [PMID: 29019210 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.150407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellulosic ethanol, with the advantages of renewable resource, cleanliness and safety, is the mainstream of new energy development and has obtained extensive attention worldwide. In this review, the biological characteristics of beets were introduced, and then the superiority and application progress of beets and its by-product sugar beet pulp in the bioethanol production were stated. At last, cellulosic ethanol production coupled with the component separation and comprehensive utilization of beet pulp was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Guanhua Li
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
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Babbar N, Roy SV, Wijnants M, Dejonghe W, Caligiani A, Sforza S, Elst K. Effect of Extraction Conditions on the Saccharide (Neutral and Acidic) Composition of the Crude Pectic Extract from Various Agro-Industrial Residues. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:268-276. [PMID: 26652767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The influence of different extraction methodologies was assessed on the composition of both neutral (arabinose, rhamnose, galactose) and acidic (galacturonic acid) pectic polysaccharides obtained from four agro-industrial residues, namely, berry pomace (BP), onion hulls (OH), pressed pumpkin (PP), and sugar beet pulp (SBP). For acidic pectic polysaccharides, the extraction efficiency was obtained as BP (nitric acid-assisted extraction, 2 h, 62.9%), PP (enzymatic-assisted extraction, 12 h, 75.0%), SBP (enzymatic-assisted extraction, 48 h, 89.8%; and nitric acid-assisted extraction, 4 h, 76.5%), and OH (sodium hexametaphosphate-assisted extraction, 0.5 h, 100%; and ammonium oxalate-assisted extraction, 0.5 h, 100%). For neutral pectic polysaccharides, the following results were achieved: BP (enzymatic-assisted extraction, 24 h, 85.9%), PP (nitric acid-assisted extraction, 6 h, 82.2%), and SBP (enzymatic assisted extraction, 48 h, 97.5%; and nitric acid-assisted extraction, 4 h, 83.2%). On the basis of the high recovery of pectic sugars, SBP and OH are interesting candidates for the further purification of pectin and production of pectin-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Babbar
- Separation & Conversion Technology, VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research , Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma , University Campus, Parco Area delle Scienze 59a, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sandra Van Roy
- Separation & Conversion Technology, VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research , Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Marc Wijnants
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp , Campus Hoboken, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Hoboken, Belgium
| | - Winnie Dejonghe
- Separation & Conversion Technology, VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research , Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Augusta Caligiani
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma , University Campus, Parco Area delle Scienze 59a, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Sforza
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma , University Campus, Parco Area delle Scienze 59a, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Kathy Elst
- Separation & Conversion Technology, VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research , Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
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Soliva CR, Amelchanka SL, Kreuzer M. The requirements for rumen-degradable protein per unit of fermentable organic matter differ between fibrous feed sources. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:715. [PMID: 26236297 PMCID: PMC4500983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminant feed evaluation systems use constant minimum requirements of rumen-degradable protein (RDP) and often relate this to apparently degradable organic matter (OM). However, studies with tropical forages indicate that RDP: apparently degraded OM might not be constant across high-fiber diets. This was tested with semi-continuous ruminal cultures (Rusitec) using dried contrasting low-protein fiber sources: brachiaria hay (high in fiber, medium lignified), apple pomace (medium in fiber, highly lignified), and sugar beet pulp (medium in fiber and lignification). Each feed was incubated at 14 g dry matter day−1 with 0, 0.85, 1.7, 3.4, 6.8, 13.6, or 27.2 mg g−1 urea. The amount of urea needed to reach a similar basal concentration of ammonia in the incubation fluid was tested for each feed in advance. Apparent fiber and OM degradability were determined after 48 h of incubation. Data was evaluated by regressions and analysis of variance. The response curve of incubation fluid ammonia to urea supplementation was similar in slope in all feeds. Plateaus in apparent OM degradability in relation to ammonia concentration were determined. The ammonia concentration where apparent OM and fiber degradability reached 95% of maximum was approached in the order of pomace < pulp < hay. With regard to fiber degradability, a plateau was reached at ≥ 80 g kg−1 crude protein only with hay and pomace, whilst a linear relationship existed between RDP and OM degradation for pulp. In hay the ratio RDP: OM degraded was equal to 1.6 but was only 1.0 in the other feeds. There was no obvious lack of branched short-chain fatty acids at low RDP. Thus, the hypothesis was confirmed but the demand for RDP seems even higher in tropical forage compared to food industrial byproducts. The efficiency of urea to promote apparent OM and fiber degradation was also variable. Thus, it seems that minimum thresholds of either RDP or ruminal ammonia concentration may not be reflected appropriately by constants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Kreuzer
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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