1
|
Sobolewska E, Borowski S, Nowicka-Krawczyk P, Jurczak T. Growth of microalgae and cyanobacteria consortium in a photobioreactor treating liquid anaerobic digestate from vegetable waste. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22651. [PMID: 38114556 PMCID: PMC10730507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This research examines the biological treatment of undiluted vegetable waste digestate conducted in a bubble column photobioreactor. Initially, the bioreactor containing 3N-BBM medium was inoculated with Microglena sp., Tetradesmus obliquus, and Desmodesmus subspicatus mixture with a density of 1.0 × 104 cells/mL and the consortium was cultivated for 30 days. Then, the bioreactor was semi-continuously fed with liquid digestate with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 days, and the treatment process was continued for the next 15 weeks. The change in the microalgal and cyanobacterial species domination was measured in regular intervals using cell counting with droplet method on a microscope slide. At the end of the experiment, Desmonostoc sp. cyanobacteria (identified with 16S ribosomal RNA genetical analysis) as well as Tetradesmus obliquus green algae along with Rhodanobacteraceae and Planococcaceae bacteria (determined with V3-V4 16sRNA metagenomic studies) dominated the microbial community in the photobioreactor. The experiment demonstrated high treatment efficiency, since nitrogen and soluble COD were removed by 89.3 ± 0.5% and 91.2 ± 1.6%, respectively, whereas for phosphates, 72.8 ± 2.1% removal rate was achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Sobolewska
- Interdisciplinary Doctoral School, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego street, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 171/173 Wólczańska street, 90-530, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 171/173 Wólczańska street, 90-530, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Nowicka-Krawczyk
- Department of Algology and Mycology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha street, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jurczak
- UNESCO Chair On Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha street, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sobolewska E, Borowski S, Nowicka-Krawczyk P. Effect of solar and artificial lighting on microalgae cultivation and treatment of liquid digestate. J Environ Manage 2023; 344:118445. [PMID: 37354587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study was carried out to assess the effect of two light sources on microalgae cultivation and the treatment of liquid digestate. The R1 photobioreactor operated with LED lightning allowed to achieve moderate nutrient removal rates whereas soluble COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) was reduced in 90%. After switching this reactor into sunlight, the removal rate of phosphates increased to 66%. However, the greatest removal rate of both nutrients and sCOD of up to 93% was observed in the R2 photobioreactor operated only under sunlight. Microglena sp. was the dominant algae growing in the R1 reactor, and the main bacteria families detected were Chitinophagaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Xanthobacteraceae. In contrast, Tetradesmus obliquus dominated in the R2 reactor and Rhodanobacteraceae, Chitinophagaceae and A4b were predominant bacteria in this run. Furthermore, much greater biomass productivity as well as overall biomass density was observed in the R2 photobioreactor cultivated exclusively with solar lightning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Sobolewska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530, Lodz, Poland; Interdisciplinary Doctoral School, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Paulina Nowicka-Krawczyk
- Department of Algology and Mycology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liczbiński P, Borowski S, Cieciura-Włoch W. Anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste with hyperthermophilically pretreated grass for biohydrogen and biomethane production. Bioresour Technol 2022; 364:128053. [PMID: 36195216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste with grass after hyperthermophilic pretreatment was performed in semi-continuously operated reactors. The greatest methane yield of 293 NmlCH4/gVS (volatile solids) was reported for the mixture of both substrates at 55 °C with a solids retention time of 30 d and the corresponding organic lading rate of 1.72 kgVS/m3/d. In contrast, pretreated grass subjected to thermophilic digestion produced only 131 NmlCH4/gVS. However, when mesophilic conditions were applied, the digestion process turned into dark fermentation, especially visible for the mixture. Metagenomic analysis revealed the dominance Ruminococcaceae, Atopobiaceae and Lactobacillaceae at a family level in mesophilic processes, whereas Petrotogaceae, Synergistaceae, Hungateiclostridiaceae, Planococcaceae and two methanogens Methanosarcinaceae and Methanothermobacteriaceae were the most frequent microbes of thermophilic digestion. Kitchen waste can successfully be co-digested with hyperthermophilically pretreated grass at high loading rates, however the digesters must be operated at thermophilic temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Liczbiński
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Weronika Cieciura-Włoch
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liczbiński P, Borowski S, Nowak A. Isolation and Use of Coprothermobacter spp. to Improve Anaerobic Thermophilic Digestion of Grass. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144338. [PMID: 35889215 PMCID: PMC9319358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation of microorganisms was performed from digestate from the process of the anaerobic digestion (AD) of grass after hyperthermophilic pretreatment. The bacterium that was isolated and identified was Coprothermobacter sp. Using the isolated bacteria, an AD process on fresh grass (GB) and pretreated grass (PGB) was carried out with 10% of its addition. The highest methane yield of 219 NmlCH4/gVS was recorded for PGB at 55 °C. In contrast, fresh grass subjected to thermophilic digestion produced only 63 NmlCH4/gVS. Due to the addition of bacteria in the AD process, an increase in the efficiency of hydrogen and methane production was observed in both fresh grass and grass after pretreatment.
Collapse
|
5
|
Steglińska A, Pielech-Przybylska K, Janas R, Grzesik M, Borowski S, Kręgiel D, Gutarowska B. Volatile Organic Compounds and Physiological Parameters as Markers of Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Infection with Phytopathogens. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123708. [PMID: 35744835 PMCID: PMC9230024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of early disease detection in potato seeds storage monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and plant physiological markers was evaluated using 10 fungal and bacterial pathogens of potato in laboratory-scale experiments. Data analysis of HS-SPME-GC-MS revealed 130 compounds released from infected potatoes, including sesquiterpenes, dimethyl disulfide, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 2,6,11-trimethyldodecane, benzothiazole, 3-octanol, and 2-butanol, which may have been associated with the activity of Fusarium sambucinum, Alternaria tenuissima and Pectobacterium carotovorum. In turn, acetic acid was detected in all infected samples. The criteria of selection for volatiles for possible use as incipient disease indicators were discussed in terms of potato physiology. The established physiological markers proved to demonstrate a negative effect of phytopathogens infecting seed potatoes not only on the kinetics of stem and root growth and the development of the entire root system, but also on gas exchange, chlorophyll content in leaves, and yield. The negative effect of phytopathogens on plant growth was dependent on the time of planting after infection. The research also showed different usefulness of VOCs and physiological markers as the indicators of the toxic effect of inoculated phytopathogens at different stages of plant development and their individual organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Steglińska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Łódź, Poland; (S.B.); (D.K.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Pielech-Przybylska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Regina Janas
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (R.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Mieczysław Grzesik
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (R.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Łódź, Poland; (S.B.); (D.K.); (B.G.)
| | - Dorota Kręgiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Łódź, Poland; (S.B.); (D.K.); (B.G.)
| | - Beata Gutarowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Łódź, Poland; (S.B.); (D.K.); (B.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Borowski S, Cieciura-Włoch W. Enzymatic Pretreatment of Byproducts from Soapstock Splitting and Glycerol Processing for Improvement of Biogas Production. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226782. [PMID: 34833881 PMCID: PMC8617705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated acid splitting wastewater (ASW) and interphase (IF) from soapstock splitting, as well as matter organic non glycerol (MONG) from glycerol processing, as potential substrates for biogas production. Batch and semicontinuous thermophilic anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted, and the substrates were preliminary treated using commercial enzymes kindly delivered by Novozymes A/C. The greatest enhancement in the batch digestion efficiency was achieved when three preparations; EversaTransform, NovoShape, and Lecitase were applied in the hydrolysis stage, which resulted in the maximum methane yields of 937 NL/kg VS and 915 NL/kg VS obtained from IF and MONG, respectively. The co-digestion of 68% ASW, 16% IF, and 16% MONG (wet weight basis) performed at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.5 kg VS/m3/day provided an average methane yield of 515 NLCH4/kg VSadded and a volatile solid reduction of nearly 95%. A relatively high concentration of sulfates in the feed did not significantly affect the digestion performance but resulted in an increased hydrogen sulfide concentration in the biogas with the peak of 4000 ppm.
Collapse
|
7
|
Cieciura-Włoch W, Borowski S, Domański J. Dark fermentative hydrogen production from hydrolyzed sugar beet pulp improved by nitrogen and phosphorus supplementation. Bioresour Technol 2021; 340:125622. [PMID: 34365303 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nitrogen and phosphorous addition on hydrogen production from hydrolyzed Sugar beet pulp (SBP) was investigated using (NH4)3PO4, NH4Cl and K3PO4 as the supplements. In batch tests, the maximal hydrogen production of 279 dm3/kgVS was observed for K3PO4, which was added to SBP in a dose of 1 g/dm3. In semi-continuous experiments, the greatest hydrogen production of 36 dm3/kgVS was reported for the same supplement, and this value was twice higher than that of the control run. The analysis of microbiota revealed that the majority of bacteria was affiliated to the orders Clostridiales, Lactobacillales and Coriobacteriales. Moreover, a noticeable methane production was associated with the activity of Methanosphaera sp., which could grow in a low pH environment of dark fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Cieciura-Włoch
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Domański
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liczbiński P, Borowski S. Effect of hyperthermophilic pretreatment on methane and hydrogen production from garden waste under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Bioresour Technol 2021; 335:125264. [PMID: 34004562 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of garden waste was investigated in a two-stage process consisting of hyperthermophilic pretreatment followed by mesophilic or thermophilic fermentation. The greatest digestion performance was achieved when the substrates were first treated at 70 °C for 3 days with no inoculation, and then mixed with inoculum (anaerobic sludge) and subjected to anaerobic digestion at 55 °C. Under such conditions, the maximum methane and hydrogen yields from grass were 517 NmlCH4/kgVS and 52 NmlH2/kgVS, whereas the corresponding values for leaves were 421 NmlCH4/kgVS and 23 NmlH2/kgVS, and these figure were far greater than the yields obtained in experiments with no hyperthermophilic stage. A metagenomic analysis of hyperthermophilic environments revealed the appearance of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacteria showing hydrolytic activity against lignocellulosic materials, including Caldicellulosiruptor, Thermovenabulum, Thermoanaerobacter, Moorella, Tepimicrobium, Geobacillus and Thermobacillus at a genus level. A noticeable methane production in the hyperthermophilic stage could be linked to the presence of Methanothermobacter sp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Liczbiński
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Harris A, Savla T, Borowski S, Vipperman A, Roberto K, Lancki K, Blieszner R, Knight A. Corrigendum To: A GIS APPROACH TO IDENTIFYING SERVICE ACCESS DISPARITIES IN RURAL APPALACHIA. Innov Aging 2021; 5:igab002. [PMID: 33506112 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Harris
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - T Savla
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | - K Lancki
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Al Knight
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cieciura-Włoch W, Borowski S, Domański J. Dark fermentative hydrogen production from hydrolyzed sugar beet pulp improved by iron addition. Bioresour Technol 2020; 314:123713. [PMID: 32629374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of three different iron compounds (Fe2O3, FeSO4, FeCl3) on hydrogen production via mesophilic dark fermentation (DF) of hydrolyzed sugar beet pulp (SBP). In batch tests, the maximum hydrogen yield of over 200 dm3H2/kgVS was achieved with the addition of 0.1 gFe2O3/dm3, which was twice greater than the control. In semi-continuous experiments, the highest hydrogen production of 52.11 dm3H2/kgVS combined with 19.4 dm3CH4/kgVS methane yield was obtained at a dose of 1 gFe2O3/dm3. Acetic, lactic and caproic acids were the main metabolic products of DF. Microbiological studies showed some balance between hydrogen producing microorganisms from the order Clostridiales and lactic acid producers (LAB) affiliated with the orders Lactobacillales and Coriobacteriales. Moreover, the presence of methanogens affiliated to the genera Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera was also documented. An interesting finding was the appearance of rare bacteria from the genus Caproiciproducens, which was responsible for increased caproic acid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Cieciura-Włoch
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Domański
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The anaerobic mesophilic co-digestion of sugar beet pulp stillage with poultry manure and municipal sewage sludge was investigated in this study. The sugar beet pulp stillage (SBPS) mono-digestion failed owing to an accumulation of volatile fatty acids, leading to a pH value lower than 5.5. A 20% addition of poultry manure to stillage allowed for stable digestion performance despite high volatile fatty acid (total volatile fatty acids) concentrations of 5500-8500 g m-3 with propionic acid being the predominant one and constituting 72%-76% total volatile fatty acids. For this mixture, the maximum methane production of 418 dm3 kgVSfed-1 was achieved when the reactor was operated at a solids retention time of 20 days and an organic loading rate of 4.25 kgVS m-3 d-1. The co-digestion of stillage with 60% municipal sewage sludge gave the average methane yield of around 357 dm3 kgVSfed-1 for all operational conditions applied, however, the methane percentage of biogas (up to 70%) was far greater than the corresponding values obtained for sugar beet pulp stillage-poultry manure co-digestion. Neither ammonia nor volatile fatty acids destabilised the biogas production, and the volatile fatty acid profile showed the dominance of acetic acid (72%-82% total volatile fatty acids) followed by propionic and butyric acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Borowski
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Kucner
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vipperman AS, Savla J, Roberto KA, Harris A, Hoyt E, Blieszner R, Knight AL, Borowski S. SERVICE USE AND BARRIERS TO SERVICE ACCESS AMONG FAMILY CAREGIVERS IN RURAL APPALACHIA. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - J Savla
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - A Harris
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - E Hoyt
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - A L Knight
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - S Borowski
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Harris A, Savla T, Borowski S, Vipperman A, Roberto KA, Lancki K, Blieszner R, Knight AL. A GIS APPROACH TO IDENTIFYING SERVICE ACCESS DISPARITIES IN RURAL APPALACHIA. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Formal service use can help decrease caregiving burden for family members of persons with dementia; however, barriers related to service use are common. For example, driving distance can be problematic in rural areas with mountainous terrain, as in the Appalachian region of Virginia. The purpose of this study was to examine distance from family homes to services and its association with service use. Thirty-nine caregivers’ residences and 84 service locations were mapped, then driving distance to and distribution of services were analyzed using Service Area Solver and Closest Facility Solver in ArcGIS. Results suggest that services were unevenly distributed based on caregiver location. Specifically, of all services examined, food banks and medical facilities had the most facilities near caregiver locations, whereas adult day services, support groups, and educational programs for caregivers were sparse. Findings are discussed in light of identifying vulnerable caregivers as well as hot-spots for potential interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Harris
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - T Savla
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | - K Lancki
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - A L Knight
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hoyt E, Borowski S, Roberto KA, Blieszner R, Savla J, Harris A, Vipperman A, Knight A. DEMENTIA CAREGIVING IN RURAL APPALACHIA: CULTURE MATTERS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.3240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Hoyt
- Virginia Tech, Powhatan, Virginia, United States
| | | | | | | | - J Savla
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - A Harris
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - A Knight
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Borowski S, Lancki K, Savla J, Roberto K, Harris A, Vipperman A, Blieszner R, Knight A. DAILY USE OF SERVICES AND THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN STRESS AND NEGATIVE AFFECT AMONG FAMILY CAREGIVERS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Savla
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
| | | | | | | | | | - A Knight
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Borowski S, Boniecki P, Kubacki P, Czyżowska A. Food waste co-digestion with slaughterhouse waste and sewage sludge: Digestate conditioning and supernatant quality. Waste Manag 2018; 74:158-167. [PMID: 29248372 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the anaerobic mesophilic co-digestion of food waste (FW) with municipal sewage sludge (MSS) and slaughterhouse waste (SHW) was undertaken in 3-dm3 laboratory reactors as well as in 50-dm3 reactors operated in semi-continuous conditions. The highest methane yield of around 0.63 m3 CH4/kgVSfed was achieved for the mixture of FW and SHW treated in the laboratory digester operated at solids retention time (SRT) of 30 days, whereas the co-digestion of FW with MSS under similar operating conditions produced 0.46 m3 of methane from 1 kgVSfed. No significant differences between methane yields from laboratory digesters and large-scale reactors were reported. The conditioning tests with the digestates from reactor experiments revealed the highest efficiency of inorganic coagulants among all investigated chemicals, which applied in a dose of 10 g/kg allowed to reduce capiliary suction time (CST) of the digestate below 20 s. The combined conditioning with coagulants and bentonite did not further reduce the CST value but improved the quality of the digestate supernatant. In particular, the concentrations of suspended solids, COD as well as metals in the supernatant were considerably lowered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Borowski
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Paweł Boniecki
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kubacki
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Agata Czyżowska
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Berlowska J, Cieciura-Włoch W, Kalinowska H, Kregiel D, Borowski S, Pawlikowska E, Binczarski M, Witonska I. Enzymatic Conversion of Sugar Beet Pulp: A Comparison of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation and Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation for Lactic Acid Production. Food Technol Biotechnol 2018; 56:188-196. [PMID: 30228793 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.56.02.18.5390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compares the efficiency of lactic acid production by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of sugar beet pulp, a byproduct of industrial sugar production. In experiments, sugar beet pulp was hydrolyzed using five commercial enzymes. A series of shake flask fermentations were conducted using five selected strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The differences in the activities of the enzymes for degrading the principal sugar beet pulp components were reflected in the different yields of total reducing sugars. The highest yields after hydrolysis and the lowest quantities of insoluble residues were obtained using a mixture (1:1) of Viscozyme® and Ultraflo® Max. In the SHF process, only a portion of the soluble sugars released by the enzymes from the sugar beet pulp was assimilated by the LAB strains. In SSF, low enzyme loads led to reduction in the efficiency of sugar accumulation. The risk of carbon catabolic repression was reduced. Our results suggest that SSF has advantages over SHF, including lower processing costs and higher productivity. Lactic acid yield in SSF mode (approx. 30 g/L) was 80-90% higher than that in SHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Berlowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Weronika Cieciura-Włoch
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Halina Kalinowska
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Kregiel
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pawlikowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Binczarski
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116,
PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Witonska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116,
PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nowak A, Bakuła T, Matusiak K, Gałęcki R, Borowski S, Gutarowska B. Odorous Compounds from Poultry Manure Induce DNA Damage, Nuclear Changes, and Decrease Cell Membrane Integrity in Chicken Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:ijerph14080933. [PMID: 28820500 PMCID: PMC5580635 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Animal breeding and management of organic wastes pose a serious problem to the health of livestock and workers, as well as the nearby residents. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanisms of toxicity of selected common odorous compounds from poultry manure, including ammonia, dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), butyric acid, phenol, and indole. We measured their genotoxic and cytotoxic activity in the model chicken cell line (LMH), in vitro, by comet assay and lactate dehydrogenase assay, respectively. We also made microscopic observations of any morphological changes in these cells by DAPI staining. Four compounds, namely ammonia, DMA, TMA, and butyric acid increased DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05), reaching genotoxicity as high as 73.2 ± 1.9%. Phenol and indole induced extensive DNA damage independent of the concentration used. Ammonia, DMA, and TMA caused a dose-dependent release of lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.05). The IC50 values were 0.02%, 0.05%, and 0.1% for DMA, ammonia and TMA, respectively. These compounds also induced nuclear morphological changes, such as chromatin condensation, shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation (apoptotic bodies), and chromatin lysis. Our study exhibited the damaging effects of odorous compounds in chick LMH cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Bakuła
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Matusiak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Remigiusz Gałęcki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Beata Gutarowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nowak A, Matusiak K, Borowski S, Bakuła T, Opaliński S, Kołacz R, Gutarowska B. Cytotoxicity of Odorous Compounds from Poultry Manure. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:ijerph13111046. [PMID: 27792203 PMCID: PMC5129256 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure and inhalation of odorous compounds from poultry manure can be harmful to farm workers and the surrounding residents as well as animals. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxicity and IC50 values of common odorous compounds such as ammonium, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, butyric acid, phenol, and indole in the chick liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line LMH (Leghorn Male Hepatoma), in vitro, using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and PrestoBlue cytotoxicity assays. The cells were microscopically examined for any morphological changes post treatment. Dimethylamine exhibited the strongest cytotoxic effect on LMH cells with an IC50 value of 0.06% and 0.04% after an exposure of 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Both ammonium and trimethylamine had comparable cytotoxicity and their IC50 values were 0.08% and 0.04% after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Of note, indole had the lowest cytotoxicity as the majority of cells were viable even after 72 h exposure. Thus, the IC50 for indole was not calculated. Results achieved from both MTT and PrestoBlue assays were comparable. Moreover, the morphological changes induced by the tested odours in LMH cells resulted in monolayer destruction, cytoplasm vacuolisation, chromatin condensation, and changes in nucleus and cell shape. Our study showed harmful effects of odorous compounds in chick tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Matusiak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Bakuła
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Opaliński
- Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38 C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Roman Kołacz
- Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38 C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Beata Gutarowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Matusiak K, Oleksy M, Borowski S, Nowak A, Korczyński M, Dobrzański Z, Gutarowska B. The use of Yucca schidigera and microbial preparation for poultry manure deodorization and hygienization. J Environ Manage 2016; 170:50-59. [PMID: 26797046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of microbial preparation and Yucca schidigera in the removal of odorous volatile compounds from poultry manure as well as to evaluate antimicrobial properties of these amendments. It was demonstrated that the combined treatment of poultry manure (PM) with the microbial preparation and Y. schidigera extract can reduce the concentration of odorants by 58%-73%, depending on the tested compound. When Y. schidigera extract and the microbial preparation were applied at a time interval of 48 h, the deodorization efficiency was improved by 6-24%. Furthermore, Y. schidigera extract has antimicrobial properties, which affect poultry manure hygienization. It was found that when the microbial preparation was enriched with Lactobacillus plantarum, it became insensitive to the antimicrobial properties of Y. schidigera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Matusiak
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Poland
| | - Magdalena Oleksy
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Poland
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Poland.
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Poland
| | - Mariusz Korczyński
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Dobrzański
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Poland
| | - Beata Gutarowska
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Matusiak K, Borowski S, Opaliński S, Bakuła T, Kołacz R, Gutarowska B. Impact of a microbial-mineral biopreparation on microbial community and deodorization of manures. Acta Biochim Pol 2015; 62:791-8. [PMID: 26645325 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2015_1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the number of bacteria in poultry, cattle and swine manure in order to perform hygienization and deodorization using a microbial-mineral biopreparation. The highest number of bacteria was recorded in laying hens manure (5.1×10(10) cfu/g). It was noted that bacteria: coliforms, E. coli, Clostridium, Enterococcus number was reduced (1-2 log) after the biopreparation application. The investigated odorous compound concentrations were reduced with 34-78% efficiency, depending on the type of manure and odorant. All odorous compounds were efficiently reduced only in the case of laying hen manure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Matusiak
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Sebastian Opaliński
- Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Bakuła
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Veterinary Prevention and Fodder Hygiene, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Roman Kołacz
- Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Beata Gutarowska
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sugar beet pulp residues (SBPR) from hydrolysis and dewatering of beet pulp were co-digested with municipal sewage sludge (MSS). The highest biogas yields of nearly 512 dm(3)/kg VSfed (volatile solids fed) were achieved for SBPR, treated both as the monosubstrate and as a mixture with MSS (1 : 1 by weight). Simultaneously, the highest methane production of 348 dm(3) CH4/kg VSfed was determined when the sewage sludge was co-digested with 35% SBPR. The analysis of digestate showed that neither ammonia nor volatile fatty acids destabilized the biogas production. IMPLICATIONS Processing of sugar beet pulp into bioethanol via enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation has become increasingly attractive. However, in this process, only the liquid fraction derived from hydrolysis is subjected into alcoholic fermentation, whereas the remaining solid fraction needs to be utilized. This study demonstrated that sugar beet pulp residues after bioethanol production can successfully be co-digested with sewage sludge to increase biogas productivity of anaerobic digesters located at wastewater treatment plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Borowski
- a Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Lodz University of Technology , Łódź , Poland
| | - Marcin Kucner
- a Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Lodz University of Technology , Łódź , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Borowski S, Kubacki P. Co-digestion of pig slaughterhouse waste with sewage sludge. Waste Manag 2015; 40:119-126. [PMID: 25840737 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Slaughterhouse wastes (SHW) are potentially very attractive substrates for biogas production. However, mono-digestion of these wastes creates great technological problems associated with the inhibitory effects of ammonia and fatty acids on methanogens as well as with the foaming in the digesters. In the following study, the co-digestion of slaughterhouse wastes with sewage sludge (SS) was undertaken. Batch and semi-continuous experiments were performed at 35°C with municipal sewage sludge and pig SHW composed of meat tissue, intestines, bristles and post-flotation sludge. In batch assays, meat tissue and intestinal wastes gave the highest methane productions of 976 and 826 dm(3)/kg VS, respectively, whereas the methane yield from the sludge was only 370 dm(3)/kg VS. The co-digestion of sewage sludge with 50% SHW (weight basis) provided the methane yield exceeding 600 dm(3)/kg VS, which was more than twice as high as the methane production from sewage sludge alone. However, when the loading rate exceeded 4 kg VS/m(3) d, a slight inhibition of methanogenesis was observed, without affecting the digester stability. The experiments showed that the co-digestion of sewage sludge with large amount of slaughterhouse wastes is feasible, and the enhanced methane production does not affect the digester stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Borowski
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Kubacki
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Wólczańska 213, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Borowski S. Co-digestion of the hydromechanically separated organic fraction of municipal solid waste with sewage sludge. J Environ Manage 2015; 147:87-94. [PMID: 25262391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the anaerobic digestion of the hydromechanically sorted organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (HS-OFMSW) co-digested with sewage sludge (SS). Eight laboratory-scale experiments were conducted under semi-continuous conditions at 15 and 20 days of solids retention time (SRT). The biogas yield from the waste reached 309 to 315 dm(3)/kgVS and 320 to 361 dm(3)/kgVS under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, respectively. The addition of SS to HS-OFMSW (1:1 by weight) improved the C/N balance of the mixture, and the production of biogas through anaerobic mesophilic digestion increased to 494 dm(3)/kgVS, which corresponded to 316 dm(3)CH4/kgVS. However, when SS and HS-OFMSW were treated under thermophilic conditions, methanogenesis was inhibited by volatile fatty acids and free ammonia, which concentrations reached 5744 gCH3COOH/m(3) and 1009 gNH3/m(3), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Borowski
- Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gutarowska B, Matusiak K, Borowski S, Rajkowska A, Brycki B. Removal of odorous compounds from poultry manure by microorganisms on perlite--bentonite carrier. J Environ Manage 2014; 141:70-76. [PMID: 24768836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted using poultry manure (PM) from a laying hen farm. Six strains of bacteria and one strain of yeast, selected on the base of the previous study, were investigated to evaluate their activity in the removal of odorous compounds from poultry manure: pure cultures of Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii LOCK 0272, Bacillus megaterium LOCK 0963, Pseudomonas sp. LOCK 0961, Psychrobacter faecalis LOCK 0965, Leuconostoc mesenteroides LOCK 0964, Streptomyces violaceoruber LOCK 0967, and Candida inconspicua LOCK 0272 were suspended in water solution and applied for PM deodorization. The most active strains in the removal of volatile odorous compounds (ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, isobutyric acid) belonged to B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii, L. mesenteroides, C. inconspicua, and P. faecalis. In the next series of experiments, a mixed culture of all tested strains was immobilized on a mineral carrier being a mixture of perlite and bentonite (20:80 by weight). That mixed culture applied for PM deodorization was particularly active against ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, which were removed from the exhaust gas by 20.8% and 17.5%, respectively. The experiments also showed that during deodorization the microorganisms could reduce the concentrations of proteins and amino acids in PM. In particular, the mixed culture was active against cysteine and methionine, which were removed from PM by around 45% within 24 h of deodorization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Gutarowska
- Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Matusiak
- Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Rajkowska
- Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Bogumił Brycki
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Microbiocides Chemistry, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Borowski S, Domański J, Weatherley L. Anaerobic co-digestion of swine and poultry manure with municipal sewage sludge. Waste Manag 2014; 34:513-521. [PMID: 24280622 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion of municipal sewage sludge (SS) with swine manure (SM) and poultry manure (PM) was undertaken. It was found that a mixture of sewage sludge with a 30% addition of swine manure gave around 400 dm(3)/kg VS of biogas, whereas the maximal biogas yield from ternary mixture (SS:SM:PM=70:20:10 by weight) was only 336 dm(3)/kg VS. An inhibition of methanogenesis by free ammonia was observed in poultry manure experiments. The anaerobic digestion was inefficient in pathogen inactivation as the reduction in the number of E. coli an Enterobacteriaceae was only by one logarithmic unit. A substantial portion of pathogens was also released into the supernatant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Borowski
- Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Domański
- Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Poland
| | - Laurence Weatherley
- The University of Kansas, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Borowski S, Weatherley L. Co-digestion of solid poultry manure with municipal sewage sludge. Bioresour Technol 2013; 142:345-352. [PMID: 23747446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion was investigated using mixed sewage sludge and poultry manure. The experiments showed that a 30% addition of poultry manure to the sewage sludge did not increase specific gas yield (376 dm(3)/kg VS versus 384 dm(3)/kg VS), however gas production rate as calculated per unit volume was 1.5 higher for sludge and manure mixture. The anaerobic digestion turned out to be inefficient in terms of pathogen treatment, since the reduction of Enterobacteriaceae reached only two logarithmic units. In the course of the digestion processes, nutrients were released to the supernatant, and longer SRT favored that phenomenon. The liquor after the digestion of sludge alone was rich in phosphates (348-358 gP/m(3)) and contained a lot of organic carbon (COD of 2705-6034 gO2/m(3)). Conversely, more ammonium nitrogen was found in the supernatant after co-digestion of sludge with manure (2094-2221 gN/m(3)). However, there was no evidence of ammonia inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Borowski
- Technical University of Łódź, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wilson S, Stirling C, Borowski S, Thomas A, King V, Salt J. Vaccination of dogs with Duramune DAPPi+LC protects against pathogenic canine parvovirus type 2c challenge. Vet Rec 2013; 172:662. [PMID: 23748583 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we determined whether vaccination with Duramune DAPPi+LC containing canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2b protects against challenge with virulent CPV antigenic type 2c. Seven healthy dogs, seronegative for CPV2, were enrolled into two treatment groups; five were vaccinated twice, 21 days apart, with minimum titre vaccine, and two were given saline. Dogs were challenged with CPV 2c three weeks later. Clinical observations, body weight and rectal temperature measurements, blood samples for serology and white blood cell counts and faecal samples for virus excretion were collected. Control dogs remained seronegative until challenge; vaccinated dogs seroconverted and were positive for antibodies to CPV2 from day 21. Four days after challenge, clinical signs associated with parvovirus infection (vomiting, paroxysmal shivering, depression, loose stools) were observed in the control dogs. Both animals were withdrawn from the study for welfare reasons one day later. On day 47, leucopenia was observed in controls, with white blood cell counts less than 50 per cent prechallenge values. No specific clinical sign of parvovirus infection were observed in the vaccinated dogs, nor was (detectable) challenge virus shed in faeces suggesting that antibodies generated contributed sterilising immunity. We conclude that vaccination of dogs with Duramune DAPPi+LC protects against challenge with a virulent field strain of CPV 2c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Wilson
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Belgium s.a., Mercuriusstraat, Zaventem 1930, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Borowski S, Szopa JS. Experiences with the dual digestion of municipal sewage sludge. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:1199-207. [PMID: 16831550 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Revised: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The dual digestion process was investigated using sludge samples collected at the WWTP of Tomaszow Mazowiecki (Poland). Mixed sludge was treated in a laboratory setup under batch and semi-continuous conditions. Dual digestion with a 1d SRT aerobic thermophilic pretreatment followed by an anaerobic step with 20 d of SRT turned out to be optimal, since a 44-46% VS reduction and a biogas yield of 480 dm(3)/kg VS fed were achieved. In the course of the process, the concentration of nitrogen in supernatant increased over 5 times and its major portion was converted into ammonia. Phosphorus also entered the supernatant, reaching over 200 g/m(3). The dual digestion noticeably deteriorated the sludge dewaterability. Following completion of the process, capillary suction time measurements averaged 64 s for the raw sludge, 400 s for aerobically pretreated sludge and 310-360 for the anaerobically digested sludge. Aerobic pretreatment consistently reduced Enterobacteriaceae content to below detectable limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Borowski
- Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, ul. Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Borowski S, Klüner T, Freund HJ. Complete analysis of the angular momentum distribution of molecules desorbing from a surface. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1618212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
31
|
Borowski S. Differentiation of fertility in the conditions of progressing industrialization and urbanization. Studia Demogr 2002; 34:13-33. [PMID: 12335749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
|
32
|
Fraga JC, Amantéa S, Argenta R, Moura L, Nhuch C, Borowski S. [Experimental empyema in rats through intrapleural injection of bacteria]. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2001; 77:469-74. [PMID: 14647826 DOI: 10.2223/jped.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate empyema formation in rats through the injection of two bacteria (Pasteurella multocida and Staphylococcus aureus), using a simple, easy-to-use surgical technique. METHODS: Twenty four anesthetized Wistar white rats, 250-300g in weight, submitted to right anterior thoracotomy, muscular retraction and injection of a 0.2ml solution into pleural space according the following scheme: Group I (n=12): injection of 10(10) Pasteurella multocida cultured in brain heart infusion broth. Group II (n=8): injection of 10(10) Staphylococcus aureus cultured in brain heart infusion broth. Group III (n=4): injection of bacterium-free brain heart infusion (control). The rats were sacrificed after seven days, and pleural reaction was assessed by macroscopy. Mortality, and intrathoracic liquid volume were evaluated, and bacteriological tests were also performed. RESULTS: Seven rats died within the first 48 hours in Group I (Pasteurella multocida); five completed the experiment, but none of them presented empyema. Only one animal died within the first 24 hours in Group II (Staphylococcus aureus); seven (88%) presented empyema at the time of sacrifice. All animals survived in Group III (control), without empyema or thoracic abnormalities. Pleural inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus (Group II) was significantly associated with empyema formation (P<0.001). In this group, the amount of pleural liquid ranged from 0.9 to 3.9ml. CONCLUSION: It is possible to induce empyema in rats through Staphylococcus aureus pleural injection by a simple surgical technique. Differently from other experiments, the pleural injection of Pasteurella multocida did not provoke empyema in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Fraga
- Hospital de Clínicas (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Borowski S. [Variability of factors of marital fertility according to the stage of development of the family]. Studia Demogr 1978:3-17. [PMID: 12311359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
|
34
|
Borowski S. [Defining Poland's regions by population reproduction factors (1911-1920 female cohorts)]. Studia Demogr 1977:3-24. [PMID: 12279012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
|
35
|
Borowski S. [Factors and spatial differentiation of population reproduction in Poland]. Studia Demogr 1977:31-49. [PMID: 12278999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
|
36
|
Borowski S. [Application of factor analysis and taxonomic methods in delineating regions of reproduction of the population of Poland]. Studia Demogr 1977:3-64. [PMID: 12263568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
|
37
|
Borowski S. [Family preferences of young people of marriageable age]. Studia Demogr 1977:25-50. [PMID: 12311330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
|