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Montes ML, Errico LA, Mercader RC, Taylor MA. Review and statistical analysis of activity values reported for coastal sands worldwide. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143201. [PMID: 39214408 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The activity of natural radionuclides is unevenly distributed across the Earth's crust, with certain areas exhibiting significantly higher levels than others, known as High Background Radiation Areas (HBRAs). This study presents a statistical analysis of reported activity values for coastal sands globally. Through this statistical analysis, costal sands were classified into four categories based on their activity levels, providing a standardized framework to compare the natural radioactivity of these sands. This classification is a valuable tool for identifying populations exposed to different radiation levels, which is essential for the study of stochastic effects. The study proposes thresholds to define HBRAs as regions with activity values exceeding 203 Bq/kg for 238U, 517 Bq/kg for 232Th, or 960 Bq/kg for 40K. Regions with lower values are classified as NonHBRAs. Further subdivision of these categories resulted in four distinct regions: NonHBRA-, NonHBRA+, HBRA-, and HBRA+. The activity values for these subdivisions are 92 Bq/kg and 2,903 Bq/kg for 238U, 94 Bq/kg and 7,230 Bq/kg for 232Th, and 901 Bq/kg and 2,298 Bq/kg for 40K. By calculating the external dose rates from the reported activity data, a threshold of 357 nGy/h was identified as the dose boundary separating NonHBRAs from HBRAs. The values for the subdivisions resulted 101 nGy/h and 3,867 nGy/h. The study also explores the content of these natural radionuclides in relation to their bearing minerals and discusses correlations between the reported activity values and the characteristics of the sands. Additionally, the activity of the anthropogenic radionuclide 137Cs (reported values ranging from the detection limit to 63 Bq/kg) is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Montes
- IFLP- CONICET- CCT La Plata, CC 67, 115 & 49, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
| | - L A Errico
- IFLP- CONICET- CCT La Plata, CC 67, 115 & 49, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina; UNNOBA, Argentina
| | - R C Mercader
- IFLP- CONICET- CCT La Plata, CC 67, 115 & 49, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - M A Taylor
- IFLP- CONICET- CCT La Plata, CC 67, 115 & 49, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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Unal S, Yalcin MG, Bilge Ocak S. Natural Radioactivity Levels of the Beach Sands of Cleopatra Beach and Damlatas Beach (Türkiye) and Their Impact on Human Health. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:351-360. [PMID: 38222528 PMCID: PMC10785322 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
HPGe γ spectrometry method was used to measure the natural radioactivity levels (40K, 232Th, and 226Ra) of the beach sand samples from Cleopatra Beach and Damlatas Beach in Antalya (Türkiye). The mean 40K, 232Th, and 226Ra radioactivity levels of the studied samples were calculated as 276.88 ± 17.24, 25.04 ± 2.88, and 17.06 ± 1.68 Bq/kg, respectively. Being below the radiation limits, these values indicate no risk in terms of public health. Moreover, the radiological risk parameters, such as excess lifetime cancer risk, radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed γ dose rate (D), annual effective dose equivalent (Eaed), γ index (Iγ), internal radiation hazard index (Hin), and external radiation hazard index (Hex), were calculated. The values of all of these parameters were found to be below the internationally accepted radiation limit values. In addition, distribution maps showing the radiological situation of the region were generated although they did not pose a hazard to public health. No results were found in the analysis processes related to artificial radioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezer Unal
- Engineering
Geology, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Türkiye
| | | | - Sema Bilge Ocak
- Department
of Advanced Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Türkiye
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Abbasi A, Zakaly HMH, Alotaibi BM. Radioactivity concentration and radiological risk assessment of beach sand along the coastline in the Mediterranean Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115527. [PMID: 37714075 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
A radiological baseline survey was conducted using a calculation analysis to assess the 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs distribution in beach sand samples collected from the coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea. An analysis of the activity concentration of selected radionuclides was conducted. No evidence of recent migration of radiocaesium was found through precipitation, as well as indirect pathways, such as ocean runoff. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in beach sands ranged from 12 ± 1 to 37 ± 4 Bq kg- 1 (mean of 26 ± 3 Bq kg- 1); 18 ± 2 to 71 ± 8 Bq kg- 1 (mean of 40 ± 5 Bq kg- 1); 411 ± 10 to 720 ± 16 Bq kg- 1 (mean of 572 ± 12 Bq kg- 1); and 0.8 ± 0.1 to 3.1 ± 0.6 Bq kg- 1 (mean of 1.9 ± 0.3 Bq kg- 1), respectively. The radiological risk assessment showed that in all cases the values were lower than those that endanger life and safe work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Abbasi
- Faculty of Art and Science, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, TRNC, via Mersin 10, Turkey; Physics Department, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, 99628 North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Hesham M H Zakaly
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Egypt; Istinye University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Computer Engineering Department, Istanbul 34396, Turkey; Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - B M Alotaibi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Yushin N, Jakhu R, Chaligava O, Grozdov D, Zinicovscaia I. Natural and anthropogenic radionuclides concentration with heavy metals analysis of the sediments collected around Novaya Zemlya. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115346. [PMID: 37536080 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The Dispersal profile of the radioisotopes (226Ra, 232Th, 235U, 40K, 137Cs) along with potentially toxic elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, and Hg) in the sediments around the Novaya Zemlya was determined. The task was fulfilled with the aid of HPGe gamma spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, DMA-80 Direct Mercury Analysis System, X-ray diffraction and statistical tools. At most of the locations, the radionuclides activity was higher than the world average activity concentration for the respective nuclei, 40K being the most abundant. From all the potentially toxic elements detected, Cr and Ni were usually observed on higher levels compared to their background values, indicating the probability of the detrimental biological effects. Thus, the present situation at the studied area might be a threat to the neighboring marine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Yushin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - Rajan Jakhu
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia.
| | - Omari Chaligava
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia; Faculty of Informatics and Control Systems, Georgian Technical University, 77 Merab Kostava Street, 0171 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Dmitrii Grozdov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - Inga Zinicovscaia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia; Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Str., Magurele, Romania
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Siraz MMM, Kamal MH, Khan ZH, Alam MS, Al Mahmud J, Rashid MB, Khandaker MU, Osman H, Yeasmin S. Evaluation of radioactivity in soil and rock samples from an undiscovered sea beach in the southeastern coastline of Bangladesh and associated health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1028. [PMID: 37558890 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This study marks the first-ever assessment of radiological hazards linked to the sands and rocks of Patuartek Sea Beach, situated along one of the world's longest sea beaches in Cox' Bazar of Bangladesh. Through the utilization of an HPGe detector, a comprehensive analysis of the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40 K was conducted, and their activity ranged from 7 to 23 Bq/kg, 9-58 Bq/kg, and 172-340 Bq/kg, respectively, in soils, and 19-24 Bq/kg, 27-39 Bq/kg, and 340-410 Bq/kg, respectively, in rocks. Some sand samples exhibited elevated levels of 232Th, while the rock samples displayed higher levels of 40 K compared to the global average. The radiological hazard parameters were assessed, and no values surpassed the recommended limits set by several international organizations. Hence, the sands and rocks of Patuartek sea beach pose no significant radiological risk to the residents or tourists. The findings of this study provide crucial insights for the development of a radiological baseline map in the country, which is important due to the commissioning of the country's first nuclear power plant Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant. The data may also stimulate interest in the rare-earth minerals present in the area, which is important for the electronics industry, thorium-based nuclear fuel cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Mahfuz Siraz
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hossain Kamal
- Department of Physics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - M S Alam
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jubair Al Mahmud
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Bazlar Rashid
- Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Segunbaghicha, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, DIU Rd, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Hamid Osman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Yeasmin
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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İsel P, Sahin L, Hafızoğlu N, Ganioğlu E, Mülayim A. Natural and artificial radioactive pollution in sediment and soil samples of the Bosphorus, Istanbul. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27455-7. [PMID: 37160855 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the determination of natural (238U, 232Th, and 40K) and artificial (137Cs) radionuclide concentrations both in 55 sediment samples collected from various depths in the Bosphorus and 5 soil samples from the coastline of the Bosphorus, Istanbul, using gamma-ray spectrometry with an HPGe detector. The mean activity concentrations of natural 238U, 232Th, and 40K and anthropogenic 137Cs were determined to be 11.41 ± 0.21 Bq kg-1, 6.87 ± 0.16 Bq kg-1, 369.61 ± 3.41 Bq kg-1, and 6.54 ± 0.11 Bq kg-1, respectively, in the sediment samples. The average activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs radionuclides in the soil samples were also measured to be 11.65 ± 0.18 Bq kg-1, 9.55 ± 0.15 Bq kg-1, 369.43 ± 3.09 Bq kg-1, and 4.57 ± 0.09 Bq kg-1, respectively. Radiological contour maps based on the activity concentrations of natural and artificial radionuclides in the sediment samples for the Bosphorus, Istanbul, were created. The total annual effective doses due to soil samples were calculated to be 34.58 μSv y-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar İsel
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34452, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Latife Sahin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nurgül Hafızoğlu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ela Ganioğlu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Mülayim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
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Al Shaaibi M, Ali J, Tsikouras B, Masri Z. Environmental radioactivity assessment of the Brunei Darussalam coastline of the South China Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121288. [PMID: 36791947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Radioactivity levels of naturally occurring radionuclides at the coast of Brunei Darussalam were evaluated along with their dose rates. Twenty-six berm and intertidal sediment samples were measured using gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in berm sediments were 10.07 ± 1.02 Bq/kg, below the minimum detectable activity, and 21.44 ± 1.23 Bq/kg, respectively, whereas for intertidal sediments they were 7.01 ± 0.87, 1.67 ± 0.15 and 4.99 ± 0.42 Bq/kg, respectively. With respect to the radiological health risk, the average hazard indices, absorbed gamma dose rate, effective dose equivalent, and excess lifetime cancer risk were found to be less than the global average. Calculation of the activity ratio showed that 40K is the main source of radiation in the coastal sediments. Furthermore, the difference in radioactivity levels between the berm sediments and intertidal sediments collected at the same location was investigated. Finally, a standard geological terminology of the littoral zone profile is proposed for describing coastal samples for universal communication among researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al Shaaibi
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Brunei; Water Quality Section, Operation Directorate, Public Authority of Water, Oman
| | - Juma Ali
- Food Safety and Quality Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources, Oman
| | - Basilios Tsikouras
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Brunei
| | - Zarifi Masri
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Brunei.
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Onjefu SA, Kauluma ANI, Zivuku M, Ejembi E, Hamunyela RH, Tyobeka BM. Assessment of radioactivity levels in shore sediments along the coastline of the Orange River, Oranjemund, Namibia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10579. [PMID: 36148279 PMCID: PMC9485047 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of present study was to evaluate the activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K and radiological hazards due to gamma exposure of shore sediment along the coastline of the Orange River, Oranjemund, Namibia. A total of 20 shore sediment samples were collected along the coastline of the Orange River. Shore sediment samples were analyzed using a Canberra Gamma Spectrometric detector inter phased with a multichannel analyzer (MCA) that was well calibrated for energy and efficiency respectively. The mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K for the shore sediment samples were 63.46 ± 9.83 Bqkg−1, 54.88 ± 5.03 Bqkg−1 and 416.99 ± 57.85 Bqkg−1 respectively. The mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K in the shore sediment samples were slightly higher than world reference levels. Also, the radiological hazards parameters of absorbed dose rates, annual effective dose equivalent (outdoor) and the excess lifetime cancer risk for the Orange River shore sediment samples were calculated. The mean values calculated for absorbed dose rates (63.98 nGy/h), annual effective dose equivalent (outdoor) (0.78 mSv/y) and excess lifetime cancer risk (2.73) were higher than the recommended limits, therefore long term radiation exposure of the local population along the coastline of the Orange River may pose significant health threat from radiological point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvanus Ameh Onjefu
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Aina Nancy Iyaloo Kauluma
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Munyaradzi Zivuku
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Emmanuel Ejembi
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Roswita Hambeleleni Hamunyela
- Department of Radiography, School of Allied Health Sciences, Hage Geingob Campus, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
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Tsamos P, Stoulos S, Noli F. Radiological status in sea-sediments and sand near an oil shale power plant in North-Western Greece. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Awad M, El Mezayen AM, El Azab A, Alfi SM, Ali HH, Hanfi MY. Radioactive risk assessment of beach sand along the coastline of Mediterranean Sea at El-Arish area, North Sinai, Egypt. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113494. [PMID: 35245768 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Beach sand includes various levels of natural radioactivity, which can cause health effects. The natural radioactivity was measured in the beach sand along the coastline of the Mediterranean Sea at the east of the El-Arish area, Egypt. Using the HPGe spectrometer, the contribution of radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the gamma emitted radiation illustrated that the 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activity concentrations are 8.8 ± 3.9, 30.8 ± 12.2 and 106.9 ± 46.8 Bq kg-1, respectively, which is lower than the reported worldwide limit 33, 45 and 412 Bq kg-1. The radioactive hazards associated with the beach sand along the coastline of the Mediterranean Sea at the east of the El-Arish area were investigated. The obtained results among the radiological hazard parameters, the radium equivalent content (Raeq), the absorbed dose rate (Dair), annual effective dose (AED), external (Hex) and internal (Hin) hazard indices were estimated. Moreover, the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) and the annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE) were also computed and illustrated their values less than the recommended levels. Multivariate statistical approaches like Pearson correlation, the principal component analysis (PCA) and the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to investigate the correlation between the radionuclides and the corresponding radiological hazard variables. Based on the statistical analysis, the 226Ra and 232Th mainly contribute to the radioactive risk of beach sand. Finally, no significant risk of the public associated with utilizing beach sand in building materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Awad
- Nuclear Materials Authority. P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A M El Mezayen
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A El Azab
- Nuclear Materials Authority. P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S M Alfi
- Nuclear Materials Authority. P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H H Ali
- Nuclear Materials Authority. P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Y Hanfi
- Nuclear Materials Authority. P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt; Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
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Wang F, Kong D, Xu L, Ji C, Jiang L. Distributions of environmental radionuclides in a marine core from the eastern continental shelf of Hainan Island, South China Sea and risk assessment. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Top G, Örgün Y, Ayazlı IE, Belivermiş M, Karacık Z, Kampfl G. DETERMINATION OF RA-226, TH-232, K-40 AND CS-137 ACTIVITIES IN SOILS AND BEACH SANDS AND RELATED EXTERNAL GAMMA DOSES IN ARIKLI MINERALIZATION AREA (AYVACIK/TURKEY). RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2021; 193:137-154. [PMID: 33822230 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Uranium mineralization areas may jeopardize public health and surrounding natural life. In the current study for radioactivity and geochemical analyses, 43 soil, 5 rock and 10 beach sand samples were collected in and around Arıklı (Ayvacık, Turkey) uranium mineralization area. Radioactivity levels in the soils (up to Ra-226: 629, Th-232: 240, K-40: 3669 Bq/kg) were found higher than the that of beach sands. Besides, radioactivity of the beach sand samples is found at normal levels (avg: Ra-226: 31, Th-232: 31, K-40: 542 Bq/kg) when compared to worldwide average soil. Dose values indicate that the region have ~three times higher average gamma radioactivity than the corresponding world average although measured gamma doses ranged up to 687 nGy/h. The high measured values are related to uranium mineralization, alteration zones, faults and Arıklı tuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülcan Top
- Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Solid Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazağa Campus, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, PhD School of Environmental Sciences, Szent István University (SZIU), Páter K. u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Yüksel Örgün
- Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mines, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazağa Campus, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ercüment Ayazlı
- Department of Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Campus, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Murat Belivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul 34134, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Karacık
- Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mines, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazağa Campus, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Györgyi Kampfl
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, PhD School of Environmental Sciences, Szent István University (SZIU), Páter K. u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
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Shahrokhi A, Adelikhah M, Chalupnik S, Kovács T. Multivariate statistical approach on distribution of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides and associated radiation indices along the north-western coastline of Aegean Sea, Greece. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 163:112009. [PMID: 33477060 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive radiological survey using multivariate statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate the distribution of 40K, 232Th, 226Ra, 235U, and 137Cs, and associated radiation indices in beach sand samples of the coastal area of the Aegean Sea. The activity concentration of selected radionuclides was measured and no clue of recent migration of radiocaesium by not only precipitation but also through an indirect way, such as ocean runoff, was found. As part of radiological risk assessment, external radiation hazard index, radium equivalent activity, effective dose, and absorbed dose rate were estimated. Pearson correlation, cluster, and PCA analysis were used by processing observed radiological parameters to determine the correlation between the radiological parameters and locations. Pearson correlation shows a strong association between all parameters and activity of 226Ra and 232Th. A spatial distribution map was provided to a distinct visual representation of the distribution of radionuclide contents in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Shahrokhi
- Department of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary.
| | - Mohammademad Adelikhah
- Department of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Stanislaw Chalupnik
- Silesian Centre for Environmental radioactivity, Central Mining Institute, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tibor Kovács
- Department of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
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Haghparast M, Afkhami Ardekani M, Navaser M, Refahi S, Najafzadeh M, Ghaffari H, Masoumbeigi M. Assessment of background radiation levels in the southeast of Iran. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34:56. [PMID: 32934945 PMCID: PMC7481852 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Measuring background radiation (BR) is highly important from different perspectives, especially from that of human health. This study was conducted to measure BR in the southeast of Iran.
Methods: BR was measured in Hormozgan and Sistan-Bluchestan provinces using portable Environmental Radiation Meter Type 6- 80 detector. The average value was used to calculate the absorbed dose rate and indoor annual effective dose (AED) from BR. In addition, excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was evaluated.
Results: The results showed that the maximum and minimum absorbed dose rates were 71.9 and 34.2 nGy.h-1 in Abomoosa and Minab in Hormozgan province and 90.0 and 47.8 nGy.h-1 in Zahedan and Chabahar in Sistan-Bluchestan province, respectively. Data indicated that these areas had a lower BR level compared with the worldwide level. The ELCR from indoor AED was larger compared with the worldwide average of 0.29 × 10-3.
Conclusion: This study provided a reference for designing and developing specific regional surveys associated with the measurement of natural BR in the southeast of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haghparast
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Afkhami Ardekani
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Navaser
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Refahi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Milad Najafzadeh
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-Abbas, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghaffari
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Masoumbeigi
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dwaikat N. Analysis of Potassium-40 (40K) in Soil Samples from Dhahran City, Saudi Arabia, Using Gamma Spectrometer. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Measurements of natural gamma radiation in beach sediments of north east coast of Tamilnadu, India by gamma ray spectrometry with multivariate statistical approach. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Liu X, Lin W. Natural radioactivity in the beach sand and soil along the coastline of Guangxi Province, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:446-450. [PMID: 30301057 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural radioactivity in the beach sand and soil was measured and evaluated in typical ecosystems of mangroves, seagrasses, and coral reefs along the coastline of Guangxi Province, China. Radioactivity in the soil was about three times higher than that in the beach sand probably due to the distinct mineral components and particle sizes. A comparison with natural radioactivity levels in the global beach sands indicated that the beach sand of Guangxi had the lowest radioactivity. Radiological parameters including radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external and internal hazard indices (Hex and Hin), representative gamma level index (Iγr), absorbed gamma dose rate (DR), and annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) were lower than the recommended values. Our results provide baseline data on radioactivity in the beach sand and soil along the coastline of Guangxi and contribute to the database of radioactivity in the global beach sand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Liu
- Guangxi Academy of Oceanography, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Wuhui Lin
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Laboratory on the study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning 530004, China.
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18
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Uddin S, Behbehani M. Concentrations of selected radionuclides and their spatial distribution in marine sediments from the northwestern Gulf, Kuwait. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:73-81. [PMID: 29475717 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on creating a baseline for 40K, 210Pb, 137Cs, 90Sr, 226Ra, 228Ra, 238U, 235U, 234U, 239+240Pu and 238Pu in marine sediments in the northwestern Gulf. The respective measured concentration ranges were 386-489, 32.3-48.8, 1.5-2.9, 4.53-5.42, 18.3-23.1, 18.8-23.0, 22.3-30.5, 0.99-1.33, 25.6-34.8, 0.30-0.93, and 0.0008-0.00018Bqkg-1. The levels of these radionuclides are generally comparable to values reported for other marine waters in the northern hemisphere. The 137Cs activity in the Gulf sediments offshore Kuwait is an order of magnitude lower compared to sediments from northeastern Iran. Other than that finding, no hot spots were observed in sediments adjacent to power and desalination plants, oil and gas industrial activities or wastewater treatment facilities. These data will serve as a baseline to gauge possible future inputs of radionuclides in the northern Gulf. The calculated average ratio of 235U/238U activity in the area is in agreement with the reported figure of the natural uranium ratio, suggesting the absence of depleted uranium (DU) at all the stations. The low concentration of 239+240Pu suggests that there is no significant source of plutonium except that from atmospheric fallout from weapon testing and possible dry deposition via long-range dust transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Uddin
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
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19
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Hilal MA, Borai EH. Hazardous parameters associated with natural radioactivity exposure from black sand. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 92:245-250. [PMID: 29277438 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Black sand samples collected from Baltim beaches (Kafr El-Sheikh governorate) in Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea shore were analyzed radiometrically and evaluated using a nondestructive gamma ray spectroscopic techniques. The natural radionuclides of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the black sand samples were identified and quantified. It is found that the activity concentrations for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in different eleven sites (S1S11) were found within the ranges of 28-322, 91-308 and 81-339 Bq/kg, respectively. Moreover, different radiological hazardous parameters (absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, radium activity, annual gonadal dose equivalent and excess lifetime cancer risk) were calculated. The results show that these values are greater than the permissible values due to increasing the activity concentrations of the primordial radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K. The dose rate for radiation emitted at 1 m from the surface of land was measured directly and the results shown that all sites emit radiation doses more than the international permissible value (57 nGy/h) especially at three sites which around 340 nGy/h. These values are important to establish baseline levels of this environmental radioactivity to detect any upcoming change for the local population and resorts people. The relatively high dose rate will be considered as a spa for the physical therapy such as treatment of some skin diseases and rheumatoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hilal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Control, Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center (HLWMC), Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - E H Borai
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Control, Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center (HLWMC), Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Mubarak F, Fayez-Hassan M, Mansour NA, Salah Ahmed T, Ali A. Radiological Investigation of High Background Radiation Areas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15223. [PMID: 29123148 PMCID: PMC5680266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we used the Hyper-Pure Germanium (HPGe) detector to measure 30 samples which are collected from north of Nile Delta near Rosetta beach in Egypt. The activity of primordial radionuclides, such as 238U, 235U, 232Th, and 40K was estimated. Concentrations ranged between 36.5-177.4, 50-397.5 and 56.1-168.9 Bq.kg-1 for 238U, 232Th and 40K respectively. Activity concentration of 235U and the variation in uranium isotopic ratio 235U/238U was calculated. External hazard indices (Hex) (or radium equivalent activity Raeq), activity concentration indices (I), alpha index (Iα), absorbed outdoor gamma dose rate (Dout), effective outdoor gamma dose rate (Eout) and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) due to different samples are estimated. External hazard indices (Hex) are ranged between 0.32-2.04, radium equivalent activity (Raeq) are ranged between 118.67-753.91, the activity concentration indices (I) are 0.42-2.61, and alpha index (Iα) are 0.18-0.89. External hazard indices (Hex) in some samples more than unity then it exceeds the upper limit of exposure. Also, the radium equivalent activities (Raeq) are higher than the exemption limits (370 Bq.kg-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzia Mubarak
- Radiation Protection Dept., Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Fayez-Hassan
- Experimental Nuclear Physics Dept., Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N A Mansour
- Faculty of Science,Zagazig University, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Talaat Salah Ahmed
- Radiation Protection Dept., Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdallah Ali
- Radiation Protection Dept., Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
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21
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Destructive and non-destructive measurements of NORM in monazite-rich sands of Brazil. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Shuaibu HK, Khandaker MU, Alrefae T, Bradley DA. Assessment of natural radioactivity and gamma-ray dose in monazite rich black Sand Beach of Penang Island, Malaysia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 119:423-428. [PMID: 28342594 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentrations of primordial radionuclides in sand samples collected from the coastal beaches surrounding Penang Island have been measured using conventional γ-ray spectrometry, while in-situ γ-ray doses have been measured through use of a portable radiation survey meter. The mean activity concentrations for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K at different locations were found to be less than the world average values, while the Miami Bay values for 226Ra and 232Th were found to be greater, at 1023±47 and 2086±96Bqkg̶ 1 respectively. The main contributor to radionuclide enrichment in Miami Bay is the presence of monazite-rich black sands. The measured data were compared against literature values and also recommended limits set by the relevant international bodies. With the exception of Miami Bay, considered an elevated background radiation area that would benefit from regular monitoring, Penang island beach sands typically pose no significant radiological risk to the local populace and tourists visiting the leisure beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauwau Kulu Shuaibu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Tareq Alrefae
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Khaldia, Kuwait
| | - D A Bradley
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU4 8JU, UK; Sunway University, Institute for Health Care Development, Jalan Universiti, 46150 PJ, Malaysia
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23
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Darabi-Golestan F, Hezarkhani A, Zare MR. Assessment of 226Ra, 238U, 232Th, 137Cs and 40K activities from the northern coastline of Oman Sea (water and sediments). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 118:197-205. [PMID: 28256205 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water and sediment samples were collected from northern coast of Oman Sea covering from Goatr to Hormoz canyon seaport. Water and sediment quality assessment for naturally or anthropogenic radionuclides at Oman Sea as a main strategic golf for trade and transit, is an important issue. Correspondence analysis (CA) by R-mode analysis represents that sigma(T)-temperature-conductivity-O2 parameters are well-correlated with 226Ra, 232Th and 40K. Accordingly Q-mode analysis revealed an indicator samples of ST13W for different radionuclides, ST03W for O2, and simultaneously ST34W-ST21W-ST08W-ST04W for sigma(T) parameters. The CA results overlapped with factor and cluster analysis results that explained 85.8% of total variance of water samples. Descriptive analysis of sediments indicates more significant variation than water samples. The 232Th and 226Ra generally showing that ST13D to ST25D sediments that restricted to Pi Bashk coastline are concentrated from 137Cs and 40K. By comparison with reference-values from Iran and other parts of the world, they are acceptable with respect to environmental and radioisotope hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Darabi-Golestan
- Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Hezarkhani
- Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M R Zare
- Department of Physics, Malek-ashtar University of Technology, Shahin-shahr, Isfahan, Iran
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24
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Determination of radioactivity levels and associated hazards of coastal sediment from south east coast of Tamil Nadu with statistical approach. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-017-0184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Kucukomeroglu B, Karadeniz A, Damla N, Yesilkanat CM, Cevik U. Radiological maps in beach sands along some coastal regions of Turkey. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 112:255-264. [PMID: 27567197 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present research, the gamma-emitting radionuclides in beach sands along the coastal regions of the Ordu, Giresun and Trabzon provinces, Turkey have been determined. The natural and anthropogenic radionuclide concentrations of the samples have been measured employing a germanium (HPGe) detector with high resolution and purity. The activity for 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs of the samples were found to vary in the range from below detection limit (BDL) to 65Bq·kg-1, from BDL to 28Bq·kg-1, from 9 to 1936Bq·kg-1 and from BDL to 22Bq·kg-1, respectively. The activity concentrations were compared with those in the literature. The associated radiological hazard indices were estimated, and were compared to the internationally recommended values. The radiological map of beach sand in the surveyed area was imaged. The data presented in the study are crucial since they constitute a baseline for the radiological mapping of the region in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kucukomeroglu
- Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Physics, Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | - N Damla
- Batman University, Department of Physics, Batman, Turkey.
| | - C M Yesilkanat
- Artvin Çoruh University, Department of Physics, Artvin, Turkey
| | - U Cevik
- Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Physics, Trabzon, Turkey
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26
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Papadopoulos A, Koroneos A, Christofides G, Papadopoulou L, Tzifas I, Stoulos S. Assessment of gamma radiation exposure of beach sands in highly touristic areas associated with plutonic rocks of the Atticocycladic zone (Greece). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 162-163:235-243. [PMID: 27280859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the activity concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 228Th and 40K along beaches close to the plutonic rocks of the Atticocycladic zone that ranged from 15 to 628, 12-2292, 16-10,143, 14-9953 and 191-1192 Bq/kg respectively. A sample from island of Mykonos contained the highest 232Th content measured in sediments of Greece. The heavy magnetic fraction and the heavy non-magnetic fraction as well as the total heavy fraction, were correlated with the concentrations of the measured radionuclides in the bulk samples. The heavy fractions seem to control the activity concentrations of 238U and 232Th of all the samples, showing some local differences in the main 238U and 232Th mineral carrier. Similar correlations have been found between 238U, 232Th content and rare earth elements concentrations. The measured radionuclides in the beach sands were normalized to the respective values measured in the granitic rocks, which at least in most cases are their most probable parental rocks, so as to provide data upon their enrichment or depletion. Since the Greek beaches are among the most popular worldwide the annual effective dose equivalent received due to sand exposure has been estimated and found to vary between 0.002 and 0.379 mSv y-1 for tourists and from 0.018 to 3.164 mSv y-1 for local people working on the beach. The values corresponding to ordinary sand samples are orders of magnitude lower than the limit of 1 mSv y-1, only in the case of heavy minerals-rich sands the dose could reach or exceed the recommended maximum limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Papadopoulos
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - A Koroneos
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Christofides
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - L Papadopoulou
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I Tzifas
- School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S Stoulos
- Laboratory of Nuclear Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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27
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Ravisankar R, Chandramohan J, Chandrasekaran A, Prince Prakash Jebakumar J, Vijayalakshmi I, Vijayagopal P, Venkatraman B. Assessments of radioactivity concentration of natural radionuclides and radiological hazard indices in sediment samples from the East coast of Tamilnadu, India with statistical approach. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 97:419-430. [PMID: 26036177 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the distribution of three natural radionuclides (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K in coastal sediments from Pattipulam to Devanampattinam along the East coast of Tamilnadu to establish baseline data for future environmental monitoring. Sediment samples were collected by a Peterson grab samples from 10m water depth parallel to the shore line. Concentration of natural radionuclides were determined using a NaI(Tl) detector based γ-spectrometry. The mean activity concentration is ⩽2.21, 14.29 and 360.23Bqkg(-1) for (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K, respectively. The average activity of (232)Th, (238)U and (40)K is lower when compared to the world average value. Radiological hazard parameters were estimated based on the activity concentrations of (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K to find out any radiation hazard associated with the sediments. The radiological hazard parameters such as radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed gamma dose rates in air (DR), the annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE), annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), external hazard index (Hex) internal hazard index (Hin), activity utilization index (AUI) and excess lifetime cancer (ELCR) associated with the radionuclides were calculated and compared with internationally approved values and the recommended safety limits. Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) have been applied in order to recognize and classify radiological parameters in sediments collected at 22 sites on East coast of Tamilnadu. The values of radiation hazard parameters were comparable to the world averages and below the recommended values. Therefore, coastal sediments do not to pose any significant radiological health risk to the people living in nearby areas along East coast of Tamilnadu. The data obtained in this study will serve as a baseline data in natural radionuclide concentration in sediments along the coastal East coast of Tamilnadu.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ravisankar
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Thiruvannamalai 606603, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - J Chandramohan
- Department of Physics, E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam 611002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Chandrasekaran
- Department of Physics, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Prince Prakash Jebakumar
- Coastal and Environmental Engineering, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - I Vijayalakshmi
- Radiological Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Vijayagopal
- Radiological Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Venkatraman
- Radiological Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
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Huang Y, Lu X, Ding X, Feng T. Natural radioactivity level in beach sand along the coast of Xiamen Island, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 91:357-361. [PMID: 25510548 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentration of (40)K, (232)Th and (226)Ra was determined in beach sand samples collected from Xiamen Island, China using gamma ray spectrometry. The activity concentrations of (40)K, (232)Th and (226)Ra in the beach sand range from 197.4 to 487.6, 6.5 to 41.4 and 7.9 to 25.7 Bq kg(-1) with the mean of 401.0, 11.3 and 14.1 Bq kg(-1), respectively, which are lower than the averages of Chinese soil and world soil. The radium equivalent activity values in all beach sand samples are lower than the recommended limit of 370 Bq kg(-1). The external hazard index values are less than unity. The outdoor air absorbed dose rate and the corresponding annual effective dose rate of beach sand investigated are lower than the worldwide average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Huang
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China.
| | - Xiang Ding
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Tingting Feng
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
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29
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Aytekin H, Tufan MÇ, Küçük C. Natural radioactivity measurements and dose assessments in sand samples collected from Zonguldak beaches in Turkey. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Distribution of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in beach sand samples from Mediterranean Coast of Turkey. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Tari M, Moussavi Zarandi SA, Mohammadi K, Zare MR. The measurement of gamma-emitting radionuclides in beach sand cores of coastal regions of Ramsar, Iran using HPGe detectors. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 74:425-434. [PMID: 23850123 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclides which present in different beach sands are sources of external exposure that contribute to the total radiation exposure of human. (226)Ra, (235)U, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs analysis has been carried out in sand samples collected at six depth levels, from eight locations of the northern coast of Iran, Ramsar, using high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy. The average Specific activities of natural radionuclides viz., (226)Ra, (235)U, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs, in the 0-36 cm depth sand were found as: 19.2±0.04, 2.67±0.17, 17.9±0.06, 337.5±0.61 and 3.35±0.12 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The effects of organic matter content and pH value of sand samples on the natural radionuclide levels were also investigated. Finally, the measured radionuclide concentrations in the Ramsar beach were compared with the world average values, as reported by UNSCEAR (2000). None of the studied beaches were considered as a radiological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Tari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Central Tehran Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Determination of natural radioactivity levels of beach sand samples in the black sea coast of Kocaeli (Turkey). Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Antovic NM, Svrkota N, Antovic I, Svrkota R, Jancic D. Radioactivity in Montenegro beach sands and assessment of the corresponding environmental risk. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2013; 49:153-162. [PMID: 23452289 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2013.734303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentrations of the naturally occurring radionuclides (226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K and anthropogenic (137)Cs in sand samples collected from 20 renowned beaches on the Coast of Montenegro have been determined using an HPGe (high purity Ge spectrometer). The average activity concentrations were found to be 7.4, 5.2, 97.3 and 0.5 Bq kg(-1), respectively. For all sand samples, the radium equivalent activity has been evaluated and found to be lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg(-1). External and internal hazard indices were less than unity. The gonadal dose equivalent was estimated to be on average 75 μSv y(-1), which is about four times lower than the global average for soil (0.3 mSv y(-1)). Calculated values of absorbed dose rates showed the range from 3.1 to 28 nGy h(-1), which is below the world median of average values (57 nGy h(-1)). The effective dose rate in the range from 3.8 to 34.4 μSv y(-1) was significantly below the recommended limit value for the public (1 mSv y(-1)). The highest dose rate was found for the Velika Plaza locality, which also showed heavy metal contents (As, B, Cd, Hg, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Ba) significantly higher than in the sand from Jaz, a locality with one of the lowest dose rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevenka M Antovic
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.
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El-Zakla T. Evaluation of natural radioactivity levels and radiation hazards of some industrial Egyptian ores. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362213020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Arnedo MA, Tejera A, Rubiano JG, Alonso H, Gil JM, Rodríguez R, Martel P. Natural radioactivity measurements of beach sands in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands (Spain). RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2013; 156:75-86. [PMID: 23509399 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of natural radionuclides (226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K and man-made (137)Cs in most important tourist Gran Canaria beaches have been determined using a high-purity Germanium detector to analyse their radiological hazard. Average values of the activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K were 17.6±1.4, 21.3±1.8 and 480±22 Bq kg(-1), respectively. Observed activity concentration values of (137)Cs were practically negligible from a radiological protection point of view. The results of this paper were compared with others published in the bibliography for beaches and coastal sediments of different countries. The mean external air absorbed dose rate was 43.9±2.8 nGyh(-1), which resulted in an outdoor annual effective dose below the world average. Also, the radium equivalent and the external hazard index were calculated. Results from Gran Canaria beaches showed the low levels of radioactivity, indicating no significant radiological risk related to human activities in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Arnedo
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Apartado 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Ramasamy V, Sundarrajan M, Paramasivam K, Meenakshisundaram V, Suresh G. Assessment of spatial distribution and radiological hazardous nature of radionuclides in high background radiation area, Kerala, India. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 73:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Eissa HS, Medhat ME, Said SA, Elmaghraby EK. Radiation dose estimation of sand samples collected from different Egyptian beaches. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2011; 147:533-540. [PMID: 21169289 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A high pure germanium detector-based gamma-ray spectroscopy low-background counting system was used to determine the levels of natural radioactivity from beach sand samples on the Egyptian coast along the Mediterranean and Red Seas. The activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K were found to lie in the range of 30±11 to 60±14 Bq kg(-1) with a mean of 39±15 Bq kg(-1), 12±3 to 30±14 Bq kg(-1) with a mean of 21±13 Bq kg(-1) and 392±22 to 413±22 Bq kg(-1) with a mean of 402±23 Bq kg(-1), respectively. Radiation hazard indices and annual effective doses were evaluated and compared with the international data. The results indicate that the values obtained fall below the internationally accepted maximum limits and do not pose any significant radiation hazard to individuals in the study area. From these results, a radiological baseline map of Egyptian beaches can be drawn and used as reference information to assess any future alterations in the radioactivity of beach sands due to any changes in the sea sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Eissa
- Radiation Protection Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Cairo PO Box 13759, Egypt
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Antovic NM, Antovic I, Svrkota N. 226Ra activity in the mullet species Liza aurata and South Adriatic Sea marine. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2010; 140:340-350. [PMID: 20403816 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
(226)Ra activity in the South Adriatic Sea-water, surface sediment, mud with detritus, seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) samples and the mullet (Mugilidae) species Liza aurata, as well as soil and sand from the Montenegrin Coast-was measured using the six-crystal gamma-coincidence spectrometer PRIPYAT-2M. The results are used for calculation of the absorbed (and annual effective) dose rates in air due to the (226)Ra gamma radiation. The absorbed dose rates ranged from 5.94 to 97.16 nGy h(-1) (soil) and from 0.65 to 7.65 nGy h(-1) (sand). In seawater (226)Ra activity is found to be from 0.08 to 0.15 Bq l(-1), while in whole L. aurata individuals from 0.58 to 1.97 Bq kg(-1). Annual intake of (226)Ra by human consumers of this fish species has been estimated to provide an effective dose of 0.006 mSv y(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Antovic
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Dzordza Vashingtona bb, 20 000 Podgorica, Montenegro.
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Levels of 232Th activity in the South Adriatic Sea marine environment of Montenegro. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Monfared AS, Hajian K, Hosseini R, Nasir A. Association between Local External Gamma Rays and Frequency of Cancer in Babol-Iran. Dose Response 2010; 8:368-77. [PMID: 20877491 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.09-011.monfared] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effect of natural background radiation on Cancer is still challenging. The investigation of association between external gamma rays and Cancer was the main goal of study. MATERIALS #ENTITYSTARTX00026; METHODS External Gamma rays were measured using a radiation survey meter in 184 urban and rural health centers to estimate the exposure to the population in residential areas of Babol. The dose distribution map was compared to the 5 years radiation induced cancer incidence data from cancer registry center in north part of Iran. RESULTS Results showed that although the external gamma ray level in Babol is nearly equal to the average natural background radiation in the world, there is a relatively weak inverse association between local external gamma ray and incidence of Cancer [Correlation coefficient = -0.43, (p<0.01)]. CONCLUSION This finding might be due to the inhibition of cancer induction following exposure to the low doses of ionizing radiation and probably can be a confirmation of radiation hormesis. However, due to some uncertainties, the conclusion should be interpreted with caution. Further national and international studies are suggested.
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