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Liu XR, Huang D, Wang J, Wang YF, Sun H, Tang B, Li W, Lai JX, He N, Wu M, Su T, Meng H, Shi YW, Li BM, Tang BS, Liao WP. Paroxysmal hypnogenic dyskinesia is associated with mutations in the PRRT2 gene. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2016; 2:e66. [PMID: 27123484 PMCID: PMC4830198 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the potential causative genes of paroxysmal hypnogenic dyskinesia (PHD), which was initially considered a subtype of paroxysmal dyskinesia and has been recently considered a form of nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE). Methods: Eleven patients with PHD were recruited. Mutations in proline-rich region transmembrane protein-2 (PRRT2), myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 (MR-1), solute carrier family 2, member 1 (SLC2A1), calcium-activated potassium channel alpha subunit (KCNMA1), cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 4 (CHRNA4), cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, beta 2 (CHRNB2), cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 2 (CHRNA2), and potassium channel subfamily T member 1 (KCNT1) were screened by direct sequencing. Results: Two PRRT2 mutations were identified in patients with typical PHD. A mutation of c.649dupC (p.Arg217ProfsX8) was identified in a patient with PHD and his father who was diagnosed with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. An additional mutation of c.640G>C (p.Ala214Pro) was identified in a sporadic patient and his asymptomatic mother. No mutations were found in the other screened genes. Conclusions: The present study identified PRRT2 mutations in PHD, extending the phenotypic spectrum of PRRT2 and supporting the classification of PHD as a subtype of paroxysmal dyskinesia but not NFLE. Based on the results of this study, screening for the PRRT2 mutation is recommended in patients with PHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (X.-R.L., D.H., J.W., Y.-F.W., H.S., B.T., W.L., J.-X.L., N.H., M.W., T.S., H.M., Y.-W.S., B.-M.L., W.-P.L.), Guangzhou, China; and Department of Neurology (B.-S.T.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (X.-R.L., D.H., J.W., Y.-F.W., H.S., B.T., W.L., J.-X.L., N.H., M.W., T.S., H.M., Y.-W.S., B.-M.L., W.-P.L.), Guangzhou, China; and Department of Neurology (B.-S.T.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (X.-R.L., D.H., J.W., Y.-F.W., H.S., B.T., W.L., J.-X.L., N.H., M.W., T.S., H.M., Y.-W.S., B.-M.L., W.-P.L.), Guangzhou, China; and Department of Neurology (B.-S.T.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (X.-R.L., D.H., J.W., Y.-F.W., H.S., B.T., W.L., J.-X.L., N.H., M.W., T.S., H.M., Y.-W.S., B.-M.L., W.-P.L.), Guangzhou, China; and Department of Neurology (B.-S.T.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (X.-R.L., D.H., J.W., Y.-F.W., H.S., B.T., W.L., J.-X.L., N.H., M.W., T.S., H.M., Y.-W.S., B.-M.L., W.-P.L.), Guangzhou, China; and Department of Neurology (B.-S.T.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (X.-R.L., D.H., J.W., Y.-F.W., H.S., B.T., W.L., J.-X.L., N.H., M.W., T.S., H.M., Y.-W.S., B.-M.L., W.-P.L.), Guangzhou, China; and Department of Neurology (B.-S.T.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (X.-R.L., D.H., J.W., Y.-F.W., H.S., B.T., W.L., J.-X.L., N.H., M.W., T.S., H.M., Y.-W.S., B.-M.L., W.-P.L.), Guangzhou, China; and Department of Neurology (B.-S.T.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Xing Lai
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (X.-R.L., D.H., J.W., Y.-F.W., H.S., B.T., W.L., J.-X.L., N.H., M.W., T.S., H.M., Y.-W.S., B.-M.L., W.-P.L.), Guangzhou, China; and Department of Neurology (B.-S.T.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na He
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (X.-R.L., D.H., J.W., Y.-F.W., H.S., B.T., W.L., J.-X.L., N.H., M.W., T.S., H.M., Y.-W.S., B.-M.L., W.-P.L.), Guangzhou, China; and Department of Neurology (B.-S.T.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (X.-R.L., D.H., J.W., Y.-F.W., H.S., B.T., W.L., J.-X.L., N.H., M.W., T.S., H.M., Y.-W.S., B.-M.L., W.-P.L.), Guangzhou, China; and Department of Neurology (B.-S.T.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Su
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (X.-R.L., D.H., J.W., Y.-F.W., H.S., B.T., W.L., J.-X.L., N.H., M.W., T.S., H.M., Y.-W.S., B.-M.L., W.-P.L.), Guangzhou, China; and Department of Neurology (B.-S.T.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Heng Meng
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (X.-R.L., D.H., J.W., Y.-F.W., H.S., B.T., W.L., J.-X.L., N.H., M.W., T.S., H.M., Y.-W.S., B.-M.L., W.-P.L.), Guangzhou, China; and Department of Neurology (B.-S.T.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Wu Shi
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (X.-R.L., D.H., J.W., Y.-F.W., H.S., B.T., W.L., J.-X.L., N.H., M.W., T.S., H.M., Y.-W.S., B.-M.L., W.-P.L.), Guangzhou, China; and Department of Neurology (B.-S.T.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bing-Mei Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (X.-R.L., D.H., J.W., Y.-F.W., H.S., B.T., W.L., J.-X.L., N.H., M.W., T.S., H.M., Y.-W.S., B.-M.L., W.-P.L.), Guangzhou, China; and Department of Neurology (B.-S.T.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (X.-R.L., D.H., J.W., Y.-F.W., H.S., B.T., W.L., J.-X.L., N.H., M.W., T.S., H.M., Y.-W.S., B.-M.L., W.-P.L.), Guangzhou, China; and Department of Neurology (B.-S.T.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China (X.-R.L., D.H., J.W., Y.-F.W., H.S., B.T., W.L., J.-X.L., N.H., M.W., T.S., H.M., Y.-W.S., B.-M.L., W.-P.L.), Guangzhou, China; and Department of Neurology (B.-S.T.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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