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Weng A, Rabin EE, Flozak AS, Chiarella SE, Aillon RP, Gottardi CJ. Alpha-T-catenin is expressed in peripheral nerves as a constituent of Schwann cell adherens junctions. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059634. [PMID: 36420826 PMCID: PMC9793867 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The adherens junction component, alpha-T-catenin (αTcat) is an established contributor to cardiomyocyte junction structure and function, but recent genomic studies link CTNNA3 polymorphisms to diseases with no clear cardiac underpinning, including asthma, autism and multiple sclerosis, suggesting causal contributions from a different cell-type. We show Ctnna3 mRNA is highly expressed in peripheral nerves (e.g. vagus and sciatic), where αTcat protein enriches at paranodes and myelin incisure adherens junctions of Schwann cells. We validate αTcat immunodetection specificity using a new Ctnna3-knock-out fluorescence reporter mouse line yet find no obvious Schwann cell loss-of-function morphology at the light microscopic level. CTNNA3/Ctnna3 mRNA is also abundantly detected in oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system via public databases, supporting a general role for αTcat in these unique cell-cell junctions. These data suggest that the wide range of diseases linked to CTNNA3 may be through its role in maintaining neuroglial functions of central and peripheral nervous systems. This article has a corresponding First Person interview with the co-first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthea Weng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Erik E. Rabin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Annette S. Flozak
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sergio E. Chiarella
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Raul Piseaux Aillon
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cara J. Gottardi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Cell & Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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2
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Word LJ, McAden EP, Poole C, Nylander-French LA. The genetics of occupational asthma development among workers exposed to diisocyanates: A systematic literature review with meta-analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:944197. [PMID: 36276967 PMCID: PMC9582143 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.944197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diisocyanates are widely used compounds that pose a safety concern for workers in occupations within the spray-paint, spray-foam insulation, and furniture varnish industries. Epidemiological studies show that only a subset of workers exposed to diisocyanates develop diisocyanate-induced occupational asthma (diisocyanate asthma, DA), indicating that genetic susceptibility may play a role. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to compile and meta-analyze the reported data on genetic susceptibility markers for DA. Three databases (Embase, Pubmed, and Scopus) were searched and 169 non-duplicate publications were identified, of which 22 relevant occupational studies were included in this review. Researchers reported prevalence odds ratios (PORs) for 943 comparisons in 82 different genes/serotypes. Protein network functions for the DA-associated genes from this review include: antigen processing, lymphocyte activation, cytokine production regulation, and response to oxidative stress. Meta-analysis of comparisons between workers with DA and controls was conducted for 23 genetic markers within: CTNNA3, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, HLA-C, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DR1, HLA-DR3, HLA-DR4, HLA-DR7, and HLA-DR8. These genes code for proteins that are involved in cell-cell adhesions (CTNNA3), glutathione conjugation for xenobiotic metabolism (GST gene family), and immune system response (HLA gene family). The most compelling pooled PORs were for two studies on CTNNA3 (increased DA risk: rs10762058 GG, rs7088181 GG, rs4378283 TT; PORs 4.38–4.97) and three studies on HLA-DR1 (decreased DA risk, POR 0.24). Bioinformatics of the predicted protein pathways for DA shows overlap with biomarker-associated pathways in workers before development of asthma, suggesting overlap in toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic pathways of diisocyanates. The control groups were also compared against each other and differences were negligible. Suggestions for improving future research are also presented. Of the highest importance, the literature was found to be profoundly publication-biased, in which researchers need to report the data for all studied markers regardless of the statistical significance level. We demonstrate the utility of evaluating the overlap in predicted protein pathway functions for identifying more consistency across the reported literature including for asthma research, biomarker research, and in vitro studies. This will serve as an important resource for researchers to use when generating new hypothesis-driven research about diisocyanate toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Word
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Emily P. McAden
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Charles Poole
- Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hilll, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Leena A. Nylander-French
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Leena A. Nylander-French,
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Taylor LW, French JE, Robbins ZG, Boyer JC, Nylander-French LA. Influence of Genetic Variance on Biomarker Levels After Occupational Exposure to 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate Monomer and 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate Isocyanurate. Front Genet 2020; 11:836. [PMID: 32973864 PMCID: PMC7466756 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the impact of genetic variance on biomarker levels in a population of workers in the automotive repair and refinishing industry who were exposed to respiratory sensitizers 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) monomer and one of its trimers, HDI isocyanurate. The exposures and respective urine and plasma biomarkers 1,6-diaminohexane (HDA) and trisaminohexyl isocyanurate (TAHI) were measured in 33 workers; and genome-wide microarrays (Affymetrix 6.0) were used to genotype the workers' single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Linear mixed model analyses have indicated that interindividual variations in both inhalation and skin exposures influenced these biomarker levels. Using exposure values as covariates and a false discovery rate < 0.10 to assess statistical significance, we observed that seven SNPs were associated with HDA in plasma, five were associated with HDA in urine, none reached significance for TAHI in plasma, and eight were associated with TAHI levels in urine. The different genotypes for the 20 significant SNPs accounted for 4- to 16-fold changes observed in biomarker levels. Associated gene functions include transcription regulation, calcium ion transport, vascular morphogenesis, and transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway, which may impact toxicokinetics indirectly by altering inflammation levels. Additionally, in an expanded analysis using a minor allele cutoff of 0.05 instead of 0.10, there were biomarker-associated SNPs within three genes that have been associated with isocyanate-induced asthma: ALK, DOCK2, and LHPP. We demonstrate that genetic variance impacts the biomarker levels in workers exposed to HDI monomer and HDI isocyanurate and that genetics can be used to refine exposure predictions in small cohorts when quantitative personal exposure and biomarker measurements are included in the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W. Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - John E. French
- Nutrition Research Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Zachary G. Robbins
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jayne C. Boyer
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Leena A. Nylander-French
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma exacerbations have been suggested to result from complex interactions between genetic and nongenetic components. In this review, we provide an overview of the genetic association studies of asthma exacerbations, their main results and limitations, as well as future directions of this field. RECENT FINDINGS Most studies on asthma exacerbations have been performed using a candidate-gene approach. Although few genome-wide association studies of asthma exacerbations have been conducted up to date, they have revealed promising associations but with small effect sizes. Additionally, the analysis of interactions between genetic and environmental factors has contributed to better understand of genotype-specific responses in asthma exacerbations. SUMMARY Genetic association studies have allowed identifying the 17q21 locus and the ADRB2 gene as the loci most consistently associated with asthma exacerbations. Future studies should explore the full spectrum of genetic variation and will require larger sample sizes, a better representation of racial/ethnic diversity and a more precise definition of asthma exacerbations. Additionally, the analysis of important environmental gene-environment analysis and the integration of multiple omics will allow understanding the genetic factors and biological processes underlying the risk for asthma exacerbations.
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Park JS, Son JH, Park CS, Chang HS. Clinical Implications of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Diagnosis of Asthma and its Subtypes. Yonsei Med J 2019; 60:1-9. [PMID: 30554485 PMCID: PMC6298887 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past three decades, a large number of genetic studies have been performed to examine genetic variants associated with asthma and its subtypes in hopes of gaining better understanding of the mechanisms underlying disease pathology and to identify genetic biomarkers predictive of disease outcomes. Various methods have been used to achieve these objectives, including linkage analysis, candidate gene polymorphism analysis, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS); however, the degree to which genetic variants contribute to asthma pathogenesis has proven to be much less significant than originally expected. Subsequent application of GWAS to well-defined phenotypes, such as occupational asthma and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugexacerbated respiratory diseases, has overcome some of these limitations, although with only partial success. Recently, a combinatorial analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified by GWAS has been used to develop sets of genetic markers able to more accurately stratify asthma subtypes. In this review, we discuss the implications of the identified SNPs in diagnosis of asthma and its subtypes and the progress being made in combinatorial analysis of genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Sook Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Son
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Choon Sik Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hun Soo Chang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon, Korea.
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Genetic variants with gene regulatory effects are associated with diisocyanate-induced asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:959-969. [PMID: 29969634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isocyanates are major causes of occupational asthma, but susceptibility and mechanisms of diisocyanate-induced asthma (DA) remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify DA-associated functional genetic variants through next-generation sequencing (NGS), bioinformatics, and functional assays. METHODS NGS was performed in 91 workers with DA. Fourteen loci with known DA-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were sequenced and compared with data from 238 unexposed subjects. Ranking of DA-associated SNPs based on their likelihood to affect gene regulatory mechanisms in the lung yielded 21 prioritized SNPs. Risk and nonrisk oligonucleotides were tested for binding of nuclear extracts from A549, BEAS-2B, and IMR-90 lung cell lines by using electrophoretic mobility shift assays. DNA constructs were cloned into a pGL3 promoter vector for luciferase gene reporter assays. RESULTS NGS detected 130 risk variants associated with DA (3.1 × 10-6 to 6.21 × 10-4), 129 of which were located in noncoding regions. The 21 SNPs prioritized by using functional genomic data sets were in or proximal to 5 genes: cadherin 17 (CDH17; n = 10), activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3; n = 7), family with sequence similarity, member A (FAM71A; n = 2), tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1; n = 1), and zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16 (ZBTB16; n = 1). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays detected allele-dependent nuclear protein binding in A549 cells for 8 of 21 variants. In the luciferase assay 4 of the 21 SNPs exhibited allele-dependent changes in gene expression. DNA affinity precipitation and mass spectroscopy of rs147978008 revealed allele-dependent binding of H1 histones, which was confirmed by using Western blotting. CONCLUSIONS We identified 5 DA-associated potential regulatory SNPs. Four variants exhibited effects on gene regulation (ATF rs11571537, CDH17 rs2446824 and rs2513789, and TACR1 rs2287231). A fifth variant (FAM71A rs147978008) showed nonrisk allele preferential binding to H1 histones. These results demonstrate that many DA-associated genetic variants likely act by modulating gene regulation.
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Broström JM, Ghalali A, Zheng H, Högberg J, Stenius U, Littorin M, Tinnerberg H, Broberg K. Toluene diisocyanate exposure and autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid signalling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:43-51. [PMID: 29940203 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is a reactive chemical used in manufacturing plastics. TDI exposure adversely affects workers' health, causing occupational asthma, but individuals differ in susceptibility. We recently suggested a role for signalling mediated by the enzyme autotaxin (ATX) and its product, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), in TDI toxicity. Here we genotyped 118 TDI-exposed workers for six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding proteins implicated in ATX-LPA signalling: purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2RX7), CC motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), interleukin 1β (IL1B), and caveolin 1 (CAV1). Two P2RX7 SNPs (rs208294 and rs2230911) significantly modified the associations between a biomarker of TDI exposure (urinary 2,4-toluene diamine) and plasma LPA; two IL1B SNPs (rs16944 and rs1143634) did not. CAV1 rs3807989 modified the associations, but the effect was not statistically significant (p = 0.05-0.09). In vitro, TDI-exposed bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-) rapidly released ATX and IL-1β. P2X7 inhibitors attenuated both responses, but confocal microscopy showed non-overlapping localizations of ATX and IL-1β, and down-regulation of CAV1 inhibited the ATX response but not the IL-1β response. This study indicates that P2X7 is pivotal for TDI-induced ATX-LPA signalling, which was modified by genetic variation in P2RX7. Furthermore, our data suggest that the TDI-induced ATX and IL-1β responses occur independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Broström
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Aram Ghalali
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huiyuan Zheng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Högberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Stenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Littorin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Tinnerberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wang C, Li H, Cao L, Wang G. Identification of differentially expressed genes associated with asthma in children based on the bioanalysis of the regulatory network. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2153-2163. [PMID: 29956778 PMCID: PMC6072229 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma, the most common chronic respiratory tract disease in children, is characterized by allergy, recurring airway obstruction and bronchospasm. The aim of the present study was to screen critical differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in asthma in children. Gene expression in different tissues was compared between asthmatic children and healthy control subjects in order to identify DEGs associated with asthma. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed for the DEGs and weighted gene co-expression network analysis methods were used to further determine the functional modules associated with DEGs in different tissue samples. In addition, the gene co-expression network was constructed. Gene Ontology function analysis and pathway analysis were conducted to identify critical DEGs. The results identified numerous DEGs from the different tissue samples, including 1,662 DEGs from nasal-epithelium tissue samples, 572 DEGs from peripheral blood (PB) samples and 146 DEGs from PB mononuclear cells samples. In the PPI network, F-box only protein 6 (FBXO6), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and amyloid β precursor protein (APP) were hub genes and served an important role in the process of asthma. In addition, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), integrin α-4 (ITGA4), catenin α-1 (CTNNA1), nuclear factor-κB1 (NF-κB1) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) may be critical DEGs involved in the progression of asthma in children. These results suggested that FBXO6, HDAC1 and APP may interact with PCNA, ITGA4, CTNNA1, NF-κB1 and mTOR in the progression of asthma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fengxian Fengcheng Hospital, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Hengtao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fengxian Fengcheng Hospital, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Lanfang Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Ren Ji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Genzai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fengxian Fengcheng Hospital, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
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9
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Tarlo SM, Arif AA, Delclos GL, Henneberger P, Patel J. Opportunities and obstacles in translating evidence to policy in occupational asthma. Ann Epidemiol 2018; 28:392-400. [PMID: 28434545 PMCID: PMC5953844 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Occupational asthma (OA), a common respiratory disorder in Western countries, is caused by exposures at the workplace. It is part of a broader definition of work-related asthma (WRA) that also includes pre-existing asthma aggravated by substances present in the workplace environment, and it is potentially preventable. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate preventive measures for occupational asthma by case studies. METHODS In three case studies we discuss preventive measures that have been associated with reductions in incidence of occupational asthma from natural rubber latex and from diisocyanates as supported by published literature. We also discuss challenges in relation to asthma from cleaning products in healthcare work. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Several preventive measures have been associated with reduction in incidence of occupational asthma from natural rubber latex and from diisocyanates, and may provide lessons for prevention of other causes of occupational asthma. Cleaning products remain an unresolved problem at present with respect to asthma risks but potential measures include the use of safer products and safer applications such as avoidance of spray products, use of occupational hygiene methods such as improving local ventilation, and when appropriate, the use of personal protective devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Tarlo
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Corresponding author. Toronto Western Hospital, EW7-449, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S8. Tel.: 416 603 5177; fax 416 603 6763. (S.M. Tarlo)
| | - Ahmed A. Arif
- UNC Charlotte, Department of Public Health Sciences, Charlotte, NC
| | - George L. Delclos
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston
| | | | - Jenil Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston
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Chiarella SE, Rabin EE, Ostilla LA, Flozak AS, Gottardi CJ. αT-catenin: A developmentally dispensable, disease-linked member of the α-catenin family. Tissue Barriers 2018; 6:e1463896. [PMID: 29746206 PMCID: PMC6179130 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2018.1463896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Catenins are actin-filament binding proteins and critical subunits of the cadherin-catenin cell-cell adhesive complex. They are found in nominally-defined epithelial (E), neural (N), and testis (T) forms transcribed from three distinct genes. While most of α-catenin research has focused on the developmentally essential founding member, αE-catenin, this review discusses recent studies on αT-catenin (CTNNA3), a developmentally dispensable isoform that is emerging as relevant to cardiac, allergic and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E. Chiarella
- Department of Medicine
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Erik E. Rabin
- Department of Medicine
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Lorena A. Ostilla
- Department of Medicine
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Annette S. Flozak
- Department of Medicine
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Cara J. Gottardi
- Department of Medicine
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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11
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Folmsbee SS, Gottardi CJ. Cardiomyocytes of the Heart and Pulmonary Veins: Novel Contributors to Asthma? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:512-518. [PMID: 28481622 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0261tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have implicated both cardiac and pulmonary vein-related genes in the pathogenesis of asthma. Since cardiac cells are not present in lung airways or viewed to affect the immune system, interpretation of these findings in the context of more well-established contributors to asthma has remained challenging. However, cardiomyocytes are present in the lung, specifically along pulmonary veins, and recent murine models suggest that cardiac cells lining the pulmonary veins may contribute to allergic airway disease. Notably, the cardiac cell-junction protein αT-catenin (αT-cat, CTNNA3), which is implicated in occupational and steroid-resistant asthma by clinical genetic data, appears to play an important role in regulating inflammation around the cardiac cells of pulmonary veins. Beyond the potential contribution of pulmonary veins, clinical data directly examining cardiac function through echocardiography have found strong associations between asthmatic phenotypes and the mechanical properties of the heart. Together, these data suggest that targeting the function of cardiac cells in the pulmonary veins and/or heart may allow for novel and potentially efficacious therapies for asthma, particularly in challenging cases of steroid-resistant asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Sai Folmsbee
- Departments of 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences, and
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Departments of 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,3 Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Work-related asthma is a common disorder among adult asthma patients, and in the case of occupational asthma, it is induced by workplace exposures. RECENT FINDINGS Occupational asthma provides an excellent model and benchmark for identifying and testing different allergy or inflammatory biomarkers associated with its inception or progression. Moreover, specific inhalation challenge with the incriminated agent represents an experimental setting to identify and validate potential systemic or local biomarkers. Some biomarkers are mainly blood-borne, while local airway biomarkers are derived from inflammatory or resident cells. Genetic and gene-environment interaction studies also provide an excellent framework to identify relevant profiles associated with the risk of developing these work-related conditions. Despite significant efforts to identify clinically relevant inflammatory and genomic markers for occupational asthma, apart from the documented utility of airway inflammatory biomarkers, it remains elusive to define specific markers or signatures clearly associated with different endpoints or outcomes in occupational asthma.
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13
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Lipińska-Ojrzanowska A, Marcinkiewicz A, Walusiak-Skorupa J. Usefulness of Biomarkers in Work-Related Airway Disease. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2017; 4:181-190. [PMID: 28680796 PMCID: PMC5488075 DOI: 10.1007/s40521-017-0121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Determination of biomarkers may be useful in the surveillance of occupational exposure and workers' health. The possibility of predicting development/clinical course of specific disorders or current disease, diagnosing in early steps, and health condition monitoring is a real necessity. Various agents present in the workplace environment (or their metabolites) can be measured in samples possessed from human body (blood and urine, saliva, etc.). On the other hand, inhalant exposure may induce specific or non-specific, local or systemic, acute or chronic biological response expressed by synthesis or releasing specific or non-specific substances/mediators that also can be determined in blood, nasal and bronchial lavage or sputum, tear fluid, exhaled breath, etc. The least is known about genetic markers which may predict individual susceptibility to develop some work-related disorders under the influence of occupational exposure. Due to common exposure to inhalant agents at workplace, researches on biomarkers that allow to inspect the impact of exposure to humans' health are still needed. The authors of this article summarize the utility of biomarkers' determination in work-related airway diseases in a recent clinical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lipińska-Ojrzanowska
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 St. Teresy, 91-348 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 St. Teresy, 91-348 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Walusiak-Skorupa
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 St. Teresy, 91-348 Lodz, Poland
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14
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Folmsbee SS, Budinger GRS, Bryce PJ, Gottardi CJ. The cardiomyocyte protein αT-catenin contributes to asthma through regulating pulmonary vein inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:123-129.e2. [PMID: 26947180 PMCID: PMC4931945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding the protein αT-catenin (CTNNA3) that correlate with both steroid-resistant atopic asthma and asthmatic exacerbations. α-Catenins are important mediators of cell-cell adhesion, and αT-catenin is predominantly expressed in cardiomyocytes. In the lung αT-catenin appears to be exclusively expressed in cardiomyocytes surrounding the pulmonary veins (PVs), but its contribution to atopic asthma remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to understand the role of αT-catenin in asthma pathogenesis. METHODS We used αT-catenin knockout mice and a house dust mite (HDM) extract model of atopic asthma, with assessment by means of forced oscillation, bronchoalveolar lavage, and histologic analysis. RESULTS We found that the genetic loss of αT-catenin in mice largely attenuated HDM-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Mice lacking αT-catenin that were exposed to HDM extract had reduced PV inflammation, specifically near the large veins surrounded by cardiac cells. The proximity of the airways to PVs correlated with the severity of airway goblet cell metaplasia, suggesting that PVs can influence the inflammatory milieu of adjacent airways. Loss of αT-catenin led to compensatory upregulation of αE-catenin, which itself has a defined anti-inflammatory function. CONCLUSION These data mechanistically support previous clinical and genetic associations between αT-catenin and the development of atopic asthma and suggest that PVs might have an underappreciated role in allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Sai Folmsbee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Paul J Bryce
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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15
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Meca O, Cruz MJ, Sánchez-Ortiz M, González-Barcala FJ, Ojanguren I, Munoz X. Do Low Molecular Weight Agents Cause More Severe Asthma than High Molecular Weight Agents? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156141. [PMID: 27280473 PMCID: PMC4900572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to analyse whether patients with occupational asthma (OA) caused by low molecular weight (LMW) agents differed from patients with OA caused by high molecular weight (HMW) with regard to risk factors, asthma presentation and severity, and response to various diagnostic tests. Methods Seventy-eight patients with OA diagnosed by positive specific inhalation challenge (SIC) were included. Anthropometric characteristics, atopic status, occupation, latency periods, asthma severity according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) control classification, lung function tests and SIC results were analysed. Results OA was induced by an HMW agent in 23 patients (29%) and by an LMW agent in 55 (71%). A logistic regression analysis confirmed that patients with OA caused by LMW agents had a significantly higher risk of severity according to the GINA classification after adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 3.579, 95% CI 1.136–11.280; p = 0.029). During the SIC, most patients with OA caused by HMW agents presented an early reaction (82%), while in patients with OA caused by LMW agents the response was mainly late (73%) (p = 0.0001). Similarly, patients with OA caused by LMW agents experienced a greater degree of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, measured as the difference in the methacholine dose-response ratio (DRR) before and after SIC (1.77, range 0–16), compared with patients with OA caused by HMW agents (0.87, range 0–72), (p = 0.024). Conclusions OA caused by LMW agents may be more severe than that caused by HMW agents. The severity of the condition may be determined by the different mechanisms of action of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Meca
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General Universitario Morales Messeguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Cruz
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Mónica Sánchez-Ortiz
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Iñigo Ojanguren
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Munoz
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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16
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Ghosh D, Ding L, Sivaprasad U, Geh E, Biagini Myers J, Bernstein JA, Khurana Hershey GK, Mersha TB. Multiple Transcriptome Data Analysis Reveals Biologically Relevant Atopic Dermatitis Signature Genes and Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144316. [PMID: 26717000 PMCID: PMC4696650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have identified genes that are differentially expressed in atopic dermatitis (AD) compared to normal skin. However, there is also considerable variation in the list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) reported by different groups and the exact cause of AD is still not fully understood. Using a rank-based approach, we analyzed gene expression data from five different microarray studies, comprising a total of 127 samples and more than 250,000 transcripts. A total of 89 AD gene expression signatures '89ADGES', including FLG gene, were identified to show dysregulation consistently across these studies. Using a Support Vector Machine, we showed that the '89ADGES' discriminates AD from normal skin with 98% predictive accuracy. Functional annotation of these genes implicated their roles in immune responses (e.g., betadefensin, microseminoprotein), keratinocyte differentiation/epidermal development (e.g., FLG, CORIN, AQP, LOR, KRT16), inflammation (e.g., IL37, IL27RA, CCL18) and lipid metabolism (e.g., AKR1B10, FAD7, FAR2). Subsequently, we validated a subset of signature genes using quantitative PCR in a mouse model. Using a bioinformatic approach, we identified keratinocyte pathway over-represented (P = <0.0006) among the 89 signature genes. Keratinocytes are known to play a major role in barrier function due to their location in the epidermis. Our result suggests that besides immune- mediated pathway, skin barrier pathways such as the keratinocyte differentiation pathway play a key role in AD pathogenesis. A better understanding of the role of keratinocytes in AD will be important for developing novel "barrier therapy" for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Ghosh
- Division of Immunology, Allergy & Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Lili Ding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Umasundari Sivaprasad
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Esmond Geh
- Division of Immunology, Allergy & Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn Biagini Myers
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Bernstein
- Division of Immunology, Allergy & Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Tesfaye B. Mersha
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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McGeachie MJ, Wu AC, Tse SM, Clemmer GL, Sordillo J, Himes BE, Lasky-Su J, Chase RP, Martinez FD, Weeke P, Shaffer CM, Xu H, Denny JC, Roden DM, Panettieri RA, Raby BA, Weiss ST, Tantisira KG. CTNNA3 and SEMA3D: Promising loci for asthma exacerbation identified through multiple genome-wide association studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1503-1510. [PMID: 26073756 PMCID: PMC4676949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma exacerbations are a major cause of morbidity and medical cost. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify genetic predictors of exacerbations in asthmatic subjects. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of acute asthma exacerbation in 2 pediatric clinical trials: the Childhood Asthma Management Program (n = 581) and the Childhood Asthma Research and Education (n = 205) network. Acute asthma exacerbations were defined as treatment with a 5-day course of oral steroids. We obtained a replication cohort from Biobank of Vanderbilt University Medical Center (BioVU; n = 786), the Vanderbilt University electronic medical record-linked DNA biobank. We used CD4(+) lymphocyte genome-wide mRNA expression profiling to identify associations of top single nucleotide polymorphisms with mRNA abundance of nearby genes. RESULTS A locus in catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 3 (CTNNA3), reached genome-wide significance (rs7915695, P = 2.19 × 10(-8); mean exacerbations, 6.05 for minor alleles vs 3.71 for homozygous major alleles). Among the 4 top single nucleotide polymorphisms replicated in BioVU, rs993312 in Sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3D (SEMA3D) was significant (P = .0083) and displayed stronger association among African Americans (P = .0004 in BioVU [mean exacerbations, 3.91 vs 1.53]; P = .0089 in the Childhood Asthma Management Program [mean exacerbations, 6.0 vs 3.25]). CTNNA3 variants did not replicate in BioVU. A regulatory variant in the CTNNA3 locus was associated with CTNNA3 mRNA expression in CD4(+) cells from asthmatic patients (P = .00079). CTNNA3 appears to be active in the immune response, and SEMA3D has a plausible role in airway remodeling. We also provide a replication of a previous association of purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 (P2RX7), with asthma exacerbation. CONCLUSIONS We identified 2 loci associated with exacerbations through a genome-wide association study. CTNNA3 met genome-wide significance thresholds, and SEMA3D replicated in a clinical biobank database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McGeachie
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass.
| | - Ann C Wu
- Center for Child Health Care Studies, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Sze Man Tse
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - George L Clemmer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Joanne Sordillo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Robert P Chase
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | | | - Peter Weeke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Christian M Shaffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Hua Xu
- Health Science Center at Houston, University of Texas, Houston, Tex
| | - Josh C Denny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Dan M Roden
- Office of Personalized Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Benjamin A Raby
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Kelan G Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
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18
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Hao W, Song M, Storey JD. Probabilistic models of genetic variation in structured populations applied to global human studies. Bioinformatics 2015; 32:713-21. [PMID: 26545820 PMCID: PMC4795615 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation: Modern population genetics studies typically involve genome-wide genotyping of individuals from a diverse network of ancestries. An important problem is how to formulate and estimate probabilistic models of observed genotypes that account for complex population structure. The most prominent work on this problem has focused on estimating a model of admixture proportions of ancestral populations for each individual. Here, we instead focus on modeling variation of the genotypes without requiring a higher-level admixture interpretation. Results: We formulate two general probabilistic models, and we propose computationally efficient algorithms to estimate them. First, we show how principal component analysis can be utilized to estimate a general model that includes the well-known Pritchard–Stephens–Donnelly admixture model as a special case. Noting some drawbacks of this approach, we introduce a new ‘logistic factor analysis’ framework that seeks to directly model the logit transformation of probabilities underlying observed genotypes in terms of latent variables that capture population structure. We demonstrate these advances on data from the Human Genome Diversity Panel and 1000 Genomes Project, where we are able to identify SNPs that are highly differentiated with respect to structure while making minimal modeling assumptions. Availability and Implementation: A Bioconductor R package called lfa is available at http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/lfa.html. Contact:jstorey@princeton.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hao
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and
| | - Minsun Song
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and
| | - John D Storey
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Center for Statistics and Machine Learning, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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19
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Galfalvy H, Haghighi F, Hodgkinson C, Goldman D, Oquendo MA, Burke A, Huang YY, Giegling I, Rujescu D, Bureau A, Turecki G, Mann JJ. A genome-wide association study of suicidal behavior. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168:557-63. [PMID: 26079190 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Genome wide array studies have reported limited success in identifying genetic markers conferring risk for suicidal behavior (SB). This may be attributable to study designs with primary outcome other than SB. We performed a GWAS on suicides and cases with a history of nonfatal suicide attempts compared with psychiatric controls and healthy volunteers. A consortium of USA, Canadian and German teams assembled two groups of cases (suicide attempters and suicides, N = 577) and non-attempter psychiatric and healthy controls (N = 1,233). Logistic regression was used to test genotype-suicidal behavior association. The test was repeated separating suicide attempt and completed suicide as outcomes. No SNP reached genome-wide significance, but several SNPs within STK3, ADAMTS14, PSME2, and TBX20 genes reached P < 1 × 10(-5) . The top SNPs for the suicide attempt analysis included two from DPP10, one from CTNNA3 and one from STK32B. In the suicide analysis we found seven SNPs from the TBX20 gene in the top hits. Pathway analysis identified the following pathways: "Cellular Assembly and Organization," "Nervous System Development and Function," "Cell Death and Survival," "Immunological Disease," "Infectious Disease," and "Inflammatory Response." The top genes in the SB analysis did not overlap with those in the ideation analysis. No genome wide significant results suggest that susceptibility to SB has genetic risk factors with smaller effect sizes. The strongest candidate genes, ADAMTS14, and PSME2 (both linked to inflammatory response), STK3 (neuronal cell death), and TBX20 (brainstem motor neuron development), have not been previously reported in association with suicide and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanga Galfalvy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, New York
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Fatemeh Haghighi
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Colin Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria A Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Ainsley Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Yung-Yu Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Ina Giegling
- Psychiatric Clinic, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Psychiatric Clinic, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandre Bureau
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec and Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, New York
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20
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Li J, Fung I, Glessner JT, Pandey R, Wei Z, Bakay M, Mentch FD, Pellegrino R, Wang T, Kim C, Hou C, Wang F, Chiavacci RM, Thomas KA, Spergel JM, Hakonarson H, Sleiman PMA. Copy Number Variations in CTNNA3 and RBFOX1 Associate with Pediatric Food Allergy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1599-607. [PMID: 26188062 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is a significant public health concern, especially among children. Previous candidate gene studies suggested a few susceptibility loci for food allergy, but no study investigated the contribution of copy number variations (CNVs) to food allergy on a genome-wide scale. To investigate the genetics of food allergy, we performed CNV assessment using high-resolution genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. CNV calls from a total of 357 cases with confirmed food allergy and 3980 controls were analyzed within a discovery cohort, followed by a replication analysis composed of 167 cases and 1573 controls. We identified that CNVs in CTNNA3 were significantly associated with food allergy in both the discovery cohort and the replication cohort. Of particular interest, CTNNA3 CNVs hit exons or intron regions rich in histone marker H3K4Me1. CNVs in a second gene (RBFOX1) showed a significant association (p = 7.35 × 10(-5)) with food allergy at the genome-wide level in our meta-analysis of the European ancestry cohorts. The presence of these CNVs was confirmed by quantitative PCR. Furthermore, knockdown of CTNNA3 resulted in upregulation of CD63 and CD203c in mononuclear cells upon PMA stimulation, suggesting a role in sensitization to allergen. We uncovered at least two plausible genes harboring CNV loci that are enriched in pediatric patients with food allergies. The novel gene candidates discovered in this study by genome-wide CNV analysis are compelling drug and diagnostic targets for food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Irene Fung
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Joseph T Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Rahul Pandey
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 08540
| | - Marina Bakay
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Frank D Mentch
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Renata Pellegrino
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Cecilia Kim
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Cuiping Hou
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Fengxiang Wang
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Rosetta M Chiavacci
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kelly A Thomas
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jonathan M Spergel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Center for Pediatric Eosinophilic Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Patrick M A Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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21
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Gaffney A, Christiani DC. Gene-environment interaction from international cohorts: impact on development and evolution of occupational and environmental lung and airway disease. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 36:347-57. [PMID: 26024343 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and occupational pulmonary diseases impose a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality on the global population. However, it has been long observed that only some of those who are exposed to pulmonary toxicants go on to develop disease; increasingly, it is being recognized that genetic differences may underlie some of this person-to-person variability. Studies performed throughout the globe are demonstrating important gene-environment interactions for diseases as diverse as chronic beryllium disease, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, silicosis, asbestosis, byssinosis, occupational asthma, and pollution-associated asthma. These findings have, in many instances, elucidated the pathogenesis of these highly complex diseases. At the same time, however, translation of this research into clinical practice has, for good reasons, proceeded slowly. No genetic test has yet emerged with sufficiently robust operating characteristics to be clearly useful or practicable in an occupational or environmental setting. In addition, occupational genetic testing raises serious ethical and policy concerns. Therefore, the primary objective must remain ensuring that the workplace and the environment are safe for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gaffney
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David C Christiani
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Yucesoy B, Kaufman KM, Lummus ZL, Weirauch MT, Zhang G, Cartier A, Boulet LP, Sastre J, Quirce S, Tarlo SM, Cruz MJ, Munoz X, Harley JB, Bernstein DI. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Loci Associated With Diisocyanate-Induced Occupational Asthma. Toxicol Sci 2015; 146:192-201. [PMID: 25918132 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diisocyanates, reactive chemicals used to produce polyurethane products, are the most common causes of occupational asthma. The aim of this study is to identify susceptibility gene variants that could contribute to the pathogenesis of diisocyanate asthma (DA) using a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) approach. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed in 74 diisocyanate-exposed workers with DA and 824 healthy controls using Omni-2.5 and Omni-5 SNP microarrays. We identified 11 SNPs that exceeded genome-wide significance; the strongest association was for the rs12913832 SNP located on chromosome 15, which has been mapped to the HERC2 gene (p = 6.94 × 10(-14)). Strong associations were also found for SNPs near the ODZ3 and CDH17 genes on chromosomes 4 and 8 (rs908084, p = 8.59 × 10(-9) and rs2514805, p = 1.22 × 10(-8), respectively). We also prioritized 38 SNPs with suggestive genome-wide significance (p < 1 × 10(-6)). Among them, 17 SNPs map to the PITPNC1, ACMSD, ZBTB16, ODZ3, and CDH17 gene loci. Functional genomics data indicate that 2 of the suggestive SNPs (rs2446823 and rs2446824) are located within putative binding sites for the CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein (CEBP) and Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4, Alpha transcription factors (TFs), respectively. This study identified SNPs mapping to the HERC2, CDH17, and ODZ3 genes as potential susceptibility loci for DA. Pathway analysis indicated that these genes are associated with antigen processing and presentation, and other immune pathways. Overlap of 2 suggestive SNPs with likely TF binding sites suggests possible roles in disruption of gene regulation. These results provide new insights into the genetic architecture of DA and serve as a basis for future functional and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berran Yucesoy
- *Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kenneth M Kaufman
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, and Cincinnati VA Medical Center
| | - Zana L Lummus
- *Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, and Cincinnati VA Medical Center,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics,Université de Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Université Laval, Hôpital Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada,Department of Allergy, Fundación Jiménez Díaz and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain,Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz-IdiPAZ and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and**Hospitals Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, and Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology
| | - Ge Zhang
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics
| | - André Cartier
- Université de Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Joaquin Sastre
- Department of Allergy, Fundación Jiménez Díaz and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Quirce
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz-IdiPAZ and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maria-Jesus Cruz
- **Hospitals Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Munoz
- **Hospitals Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - John B Harley
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, and Cincinnati VA Medical Center
| | - David I Bernstein
- *Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio,
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23
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Hur GY, Park HS. Biological and genetic markers in occupational asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015; 15:488. [PMID: 25430950 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-014-0488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Occupational asthma (OA) is a complex disease that is often hard to diagnose due to difficulties in detecting relevant exposure, along with inherent differences in disease susceptibility. Numerous studies have attempted to identify relevant biological and genetic markers for OA and to devise tools capable of detecting exposure to the causative agent. Immunological markers, including skin prick test reactivity and specific IgE and IgG antibodies can be used to detect high-molecular-weight allergens in cases of baker's asthma. For OA induced by low-molecular-weight agents, such as isocyanate, potential biomarkers include serum-specific IgE and IgG antibodies to isocyanate-HSA conjugate and IgG to cytokeratin 19 and transglutaminase-2. For protein-based markers, ferritin/transferrin and vitamin D-binding protein levels have been suggested for isocyanate-OA. Genetic markers of susceptibility to isocyanate-OA include human leukocyte antigen and CTNNA3. Further investigations will be needed to identify better biomarkers for OA, which may be used to inform clinical decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Young Hur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-Ro, Guro, Seoul, 152-703, South Korea,
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24
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Vite A, Li J, Radice GL. New functions for alpha-catenins in health and disease: from cancer to heart regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:773-83. [PMID: 25673211 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Strong cell-cell adhesion mediated by adherens junctions is dependent on anchoring the transmembrane cadherin molecule to the underlying actin cytoskeleton. To do this, the cadherin cytoplasmic domain interacts with catenin proteins, which include α-catenin that binds directly to filamentous actin. Originally thought to be a static structure, the connection between the cadherin/catenin adhesion complex and the actin cytoskeleton is now considered to be dynamic and responsive to both intercellular and intracellular signals. Alpha-catenins are mechanosensing proteins that undergo conformational change in response to cytoskeletal tension thus modifying the linkage between the cadherin and the actin cytoskeleton. There are three α-catenin isoforms expressed in mouse and human: αE-catenin (CTNNA1), αN-catenin (CTNNA2) and αT-catenin (CTNNA3). This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the in vivo function(s) of α-catenins in tissue morphogenesis, homeostasis and disease. The role of α-catenin in the regulation of cellular proliferation will be discussed in the context of cancer and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Vite
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Suite 543E Jefferson Alumni Hall, 1020 Locust St., Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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25
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Folmsbee SS, Morales-Nebreda L, Van Hengel J, Tyberghein K, Van Roy F, Budinger GRS, Bryce PJ, Gottardi CJ. The cardiac protein αT-catenin contributes to chemical-induced asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 308:L253-8. [PMID: 25480337 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00331.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten to 25% of adult asthma is occupational induced, a subtype caused by exposure to workplace chemicals. A recent genomewide association study identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the cardiac protein αT-catenin (αT-cat) that correlated with the incidence and severity of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) occupational asthma. αT-cat is a critical mediator of cell-cell adhesion and is predominantly expressed in cardiomyocytes, but its connection to asthma remains unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine the primary αT-cat-expressing cell type in the lung and its contribution to lung physiology in a murine model of TDI asthma. We show that αT-cat is expressed in lung within the cardiac sheath of pulmonary veins. Mechanically ventilated αT-cat knockout (KO) mice exhibit a significantly increased pressure-volume curve area compared with wild-type (WT) mice, suggesting that αT-cat loss affects lung hysteresis. Using a murine model of TDI asthma, we find that αT-cat KO mice show increased airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine compared with WT mice. Bronchoalveolar lavage reveals only a mild macrophage-dominant inflammation that is not significantly different between WT and KO mice. These data suggest that αT-cat may contribute to asthma through a mechanism independent of inflammation and related to heart and pulmonary vein dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Sai Folmsbee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; The Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Luisa Morales-Nebreda
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jolanda Van Hengel
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and Inflammation Research Center, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Tyberghein
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and Inflammation Research Center, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frans Van Roy
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and Inflammation Research Center, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent, Belgium
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paul J Bryce
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois;
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26
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Yuksel H, Turkeli A, Taneli F, Horasan GD, Kanik ET, Kizilkaya M, Gozukara C, Yilmaz O. E-cadherin as an epithelial barrier protein in exhaled breath condensate. J Breath Res 2014; 8:046006. [PMID: 25379974 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/8/4/046006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Airway epithelium plays an important role as a physical barrier and a modulator of allergic response. Junctions between cells provide epithelial integrity and barrier function. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of atopy on airway epithelial integrity in asthma and to measure E-cadherin levels in exhaled breath condensate as an indicator epithelial damage. A total of 74 patients with asthma (35 atopic and 39 non-atopic) and 39 healthy children were enrolled in this case-control study. Sociodemographic characteristics and asthma severity parameters in the last three-month period were recorded and pulmonary function tests were performed. Blood samples were obtained to measure serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and peripheral blood eosinophil count, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was obtained to measure E-cadherin.EBC E-cadherin levels were significantly lower in the asthmatics when compared to non-atopic controls (0.109 (0.076) versus 0.191 (0.184) ng mL(-1) respectively, p = 0.01). Atopic and non-atopic asthmatic groups had lower EBC E-cadherin levels compared to the control group. (0.112 (0.060) ng ml(-1), 0.106 (0.089) ng ml(-1) and 0.191 (0.184) ng ml(-1), p = 0.02 and p < 0.01 respectively). However, EBC E-cadherin levels were not different between atopic and non-atopic asthmatics. The results of our study support the role of E-cadherin in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the absence of difference in E-cadherin levels between atopic and non-atopic asthmatics suggests that allergic sensitization is not the primary factor for development of epithelial barrier dysfunction in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Yuksel
- Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Dept of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Manisa, Turkey
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to update the knowledge on the burden of disease due to exposure to isocyanates. Health effects of isocyanates and their major products, polyurethanes, are mainly determined by sensitization to isocyanates. Recent studies on the genetic factors to explain individual susceptibility to sensitization are reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS Production of isocyanates has rapidly increased in the past and is predicted to increase at an annual rate of around 5%. Consumer products and the construction area are the main drivers of growth. This leads to increased nonoccupational exposure. The use of sprayed polyurethane foams for insulation in existing homes is one such example of nonoccupational exposure. The percentage of people exposed who show health effects is not known. Occupational exposure increases are mainly caused by the increase in the workforce. The percentage of workers exhibiting health effects remained fairly stable at 5-15% in the last decade. To explain why not all people exposed to isocyanates develop adverse health effects, recent findings on sensitization to isocyanate are reviewed. The skin is the most important route for sensitization. SUMMARY Increased production of isocyanates and rising use of these substances in consumer products is leading to an increased burden of disease, with an increase in nonoccupational exposure as well. Sensitization to isocyanates is the main route for adverse health effects. The skin is the major route for sensitization. Recently, several genetic factors have been identified that play a role in the individual susceptibility for sensitization.
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Risk factors for nonwork-related adult-onset asthma and occupational asthma: a comparative review. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 14:84-94. [PMID: 24535141 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To identify the similarities and differences between nonwork-related adult-onset and occupational asthma from various literature sources published between 2010 and 2013, with respect to the epidemiology, phenotypic manifestations, and risk factors for the disease. RECENT FINDINGS The incidence of adult-onset asthma from pooled population studies is estimated to be 3.6 per 1000 person-years in men and 4.6 cases per 1000 person-years in women. In adults with new-onset asthma, occupational asthma is a common asthma phenotype. Work-related factors are estimated to account for up to 25% of adult cases of asthma and occupational asthma comprising about 16% of adult-onset asthma cases. The review finds that nonwork-related adult-onset asthma is a heterogenous entity and that environmental exposure factors (aside from occupational exposures) appear to have a lesser role than host factors when compared with occupational asthma. SUMMARY Large-scale general population studies are needed to identify the similarities and differences between nonwork-related adult-onset and occupational asthma, which may enable a better understanding of these entities and promote efforts towards holistic management approaches for these asthma phenotypes.
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Abstract
Occupational asthma has been defined as asthma due to conditions attributable to work exposures, not to causes outside the workplace. This review focuses on current data on pathogenesis, evaluation, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Tarlo
- From the University Health Network, University of Toronto Department of Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto (S.M.T.); and Hôpital du Sacré Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (C.L.)
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30
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Perin P, Potočnik U. Polymorphisms in recent GWA identified asthma genes CA10, SGK493, and CTNNA3 are associated with disease severity and treatment response in childhood asthma. Immunogenetics 2014; 66:143-51. [PMID: 24407380 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-013-0755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAs) have identified several new genetic risk factors for asthma; however, their influence on disease behavior and treatment response is still unclear. The aim of our study was the association analysis of the most significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) recently reported by GWAs in different phenotypes of childhood asthma and analysis of correlation between these SNPs and clinical parameters. We have genotyped 288 children with asthma and 276 healthy controls. We provided here first replication of bivariate associations between CA10 (p = 0.001) and SGK493 (p = 0.011) with asthma. In addition, we have identified new correlation between SNPs in CA10, SGK493, and CTNNA3 with asthma behavior and glucocorticoid treatment response. Asthma patients who carried G allele in SNP rs967676 in gene CA10 were associated with more pronounced airway obstruction, higher bronchial hyper-reactivity, and increased inflammation. Higher bronchial hyper-reactivity was also associated with C allele in SNP rs1440095 in gene SGK493 but only in nonatopic asthmatics. In addition, we found that patients who carried at least one T allele in SNP rs1786929 in CTNNA3 (p = 0.022) and atopic patients who carried at least one G allele in SNP rs967676 in gene CA10 (p = 0.034) had higher increase in pulmonary function after glucocorticoid therapy. Our results suggest genetic heterogeneity between atopic and nonatopic asthma. We provided further evidence that treatment response in childhood asthma is genetically predisposed, and we report here two novel SNPs in genes CA10 and CTNNA3 as potential pharmacogenetic biomarkers that could be used in personalized treatment in childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Perin
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, University of Maribor, Slomškov trg 15, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
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31
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Ouyang B, Bernstein DI, Lummus ZL, Ying J, Boulet LP, Cartier A, Gautrin D, Ho SM. Interferon-γ promoter is hypermethylated in blood DNA from workers with confirmed diisocyanate asthma. Toxicol Sci 2013; 133:218-24. [PMID: 23535363 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors have not been identified that determine susceptibility for development of diisocyanate-induced occupational asthma (DA). We hypothesized that diisocyanate (DI) exposure could modify gene promoter regions regulating transcription of cytokine mediators and thereby influence expression of DA. A cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the promoter methylation status of candidate genes in DI-exposed workers. Subjects consisted of 131 workers in three groups: 40 cases with DA confirmed by a positive specific inhalation challenge (SIC) (DA+), 41 exposed workers with lower respiratory symptoms and negative SIC (DA-), and 50 asymptomatic exposed workers (AWs). We studied four candidate genes (GSTM1, DUSP22, IFN-γ, and IL-4) for which altered promoter methylation has been previously investigated for relationships with a variety of other environmental exposures. Methylation status was determined using methylation-specific quantitative PCR performed on genomic DNA extracted from whole blood. Results showed that relative methylation of IFN-γ promoter was significantly increased in DA+ in comparison with both comparator groups (DA- and AW), and it exhibited good sensitivity (77.5%) and specificity (80%) for identifying DA workers in a multivariate predictive model after adjusting for type of DI exposure, smoking status, methacholine PC₂₀, and gender. IL-4 promoter was slightly less methylated only in DA+ compared with AW among nonsmoking workers. Both GSTM1 and DUSP22 promoter methylations were found not associated with DA. Our finding suggests that exposure to occupational chemicals could play a heretofore undefined mechanistic role via epigenetic modification of specific genes in the promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ouyang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0056, USA
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