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Pang Y, Tian J, Yang H, Zhang K, Wang D. Responses of Fine Roots at Different Soil Depths to Different Thinning Intensities in a Secondary Forest in the Qinling Mountains, China. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030351. [PMID: 35336725 PMCID: PMC8945732 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fine roots make critical contributions to carbon stocks and terrestrial productivity, and fine roots with different diameters exhibit functional heterogeneity. However, the changed characteristics of fine roots with different diameters at different soil depths following thinning disturbances are poorly understood. We investigated the biomass, production, mortality and turnover rate of <0.5 mm, 0.5−1 mm, and 1−2 mm fine roots at 0−20 cm, 20−40 cm, and 40−60 cm soil depths under five thinning intensities (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%) in a secondary forest in the Qinling Mountains. The biomass, production and turnover rate of <0.5 mm fine roots fluctuated with increasing thinning intensities, while the 0.5−1 mm and 1−2 mm fine-root biomass significantly decreased. The thinning intensities had no effects on the fine-root necromass or mortality. The change in the fine-root characteristics in deeper soils was more sensitive to the thinning intensities. The principal component analysis results showed that increased <0.5 mm fine-root biomass and production resulted from increased shrub and herb diversity and biomass and decreased soil nutrient availability, stand volume, and litter biomass, whereas the 0.5−1 mm and 1−2 mm fine-root biomass showed the opposite trends and changes. Our results suggest that different thinning intensities exhibit varied influential mechanisms on the changed characteristics of fine roots with different diameters.
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Variation in fine root traits with thinning intensity in a Chinese fir plantation insights from branching order and functional groups. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22710. [PMID: 34811461 PMCID: PMC8608833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Thinning is a widely used practice in forest management, but the acclimation mechanisms of fine roots to forest thinning are still unclear. We examined the variations in fine root traits of different branching orders and functional groups along a thinning intensity gradient in a 26-year-old Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation. With increasing thinning intensity, the root C concentration (RCC), root N concentration (RNC), specific root area (SRA), and specific root length (SRL) of the absorptive roots (the first two orders) significantly decreased, while root abundance (root biomass and root length density) and root tissue density (RTD) significantly increased. Fifty-four percent of the variation in the absorptive root traits could be explained by the soil N concentration and the biomass and diversity of the understorey vegetation. Conversely, transport root (third- and higher-order) traits did not vary significantly among different thinning intensities. The covariation of absorptive root traits across thinning intensities regarding two dimensions was as follows: the first dimension (46% of the total variation) represented changes in root abundance and chemical traits (related to RCC, RNC), belonging to an extensive foraging strategy; the second dimension (41% of the total variation) represented variations in root morphological traits (related to RTD, SRL and SRA), which is an intensive foraging strategy (i.e., root economic spectrum). These results suggested that the absorptive roots of Chinese fir adopt two-dimensional strategies to acclimate to the altered surroundings after thinning.
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Meta-analysis Reveals Different Competition Effects on Tree Growth Resistance and Resilience to Drought. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDrought will increasingly threaten forest ecosystems worldwide. Understanding how competition influences tree growth response to drought is essential for forest management aiming at climate change adaptation. However, published results from individual case studies are heterogeneous and sometimes contradictory. We reviewed 166 cases from the peer-reviewed literature to assess the influence of stand-level competition on tree growth response to drought. We monitored five indicators of tree growth response: mean sensitivity (inter-annual tree ring width variability); association between inter-annual growth variability and water availability; resistance; recovery; and resilience to drought. Vote counting did not indicate a consistent effect of competition on mean sensitivity. Conversely, higher competition for resources strengthened the association between water availability and inter-annual growth rates. Meta-analysis showed that higher competition reduced resistance (p < 0.001) and improved recovery (p < 0.05), but did not consistently affect resilience. Species, site and stand characteristics, and drought intensity were insignificant or poor predictors for the large variability among the investigated cases. Our review and meta-analysis show that competition does not affect the response of tree growth to drought in a unidirectional and universal way. Although density reduction (thinning) can alleviate growth declines during drought, the effects on growth after stress are uncertain. The large variability among investigated cases suggests that local-scale processes play a crucial role in determining such responses and should be explicitly evaluated and integrated into specific strategies for adaptation of forests to climate change.
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Wood vs. Canopy Allocation of Aboveground Net Primary Productivity in a Mediterranean Forest during 21 Years of Experimental Rainfall Exclusion. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A Mediterranean holm oak forest was subjected to experimental partial rainfall exclusion during 21 consecutive years to study the effects of the expected decrease in water availability for Mediterranean vegetation in the coming decades. Allocation in woody structures and total aboveground allocation were correlated with annual rainfall, whereas canopy allocation and the ratio of wood/canopy allocation were not dependent on rainfall. Fruit productivity was also correlated with annual rainfall, but only in Quercus ilex. In the studied site, there were two types of forest structure: high canopy stand clearly dominated by Quercus ilex, and low canopy stand with more abundance of a tall shrub species, Phillyrea latifolia. In the tall canopy stand, the allocation to woody structures decreased in the experimental rainfall exclusion, but not the allocation to canopy. In the low canopy stand, wood allocation in Quercus ilex was very small in both control and plots with rainfall exclusion, but wood allocation in Phillyrea latifolia was even higher than that obtained in tall canopy plots, especially in the plots receiving the experimental rainfall exclusion. These results highlight likely future changes in the structure and functioning of this ecosystem induced by the decrease in water availability. A serious drop in the capacity to mitigate climate change for this Mediterranean forest can be expected, and the ability of Phillyrea latifolia to take advantage of the limited capacity to cope with drought conditions detected in Quercus ilex makes likely a forthcoming change in species dominance, especially in the low canopy stands.
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Wang D, Chen X, Chen HYH, Olatunji OA, Guan Q. Contrasting effects of thinning on soil CO 2 emission and above- and belowground carbon regime under a subtropical Chinese fir plantation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:361-369. [PMID: 31299570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thinning plays a major role in forest soil carbon cycling. However, the mechanisms governing soil C fluxes, i.e., C input through litterfall and fine root (FR) production and C output through soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh), remain unclear. To fill this gap, we quantified the C fluxes in the topsoil layer (0-20 cm) by measuring litterfall, FR production and total soil respiration (Rs) (Ra (autotrophic respiration) and Rh) at three thinning intensities (control; low-intensity thinning: extraction of 30% of individual trees; high-intensity thinning (HIT): extraction of 70% of individual trees) in a 26-year-old Chinese fir plantation in southern China. In the control plots, the total C input (110 g C m-2 year-1) via litterfall (59 g C m-2 year-1) and FR production (51 g C m-2 year-1) was much lower than the C output via Rh (518 g C m-2 year-1). This finding demonstrated that the soil is a C source (407 g C m-2 year-1). Furthermore, the C source increased with increasing thinning intensity, particularly under HIT, due to the decreased litterfall return and increased soil CO2 emissions through Rh; this increase occurred despite the increased C input from FR production. In addition, the C output via Rs significantly increased by 42% under HIT due to the stimulation of Ra and Rh. Consequently, thinning reduced the topsoil C pool by 7-8%. Redundancy analysis indicated that the soil C fluxes following thinning were driven by increased FR mortality, understory plant biomass and diversity, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Overall, our results indicate that heavy thinning increases soil C loss by increasing soil CO2 emissions and decreasing litterfall return, even under substantially increased FR production. This finding suggests that thinning practices should consider the trade-off between soil C inputs and outputs to reduce the impact of thinning on forest soil carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, China; Institute of Environmental Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Xinli Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd., Thunder Bay, ON P7 B 5E1, Canada
| | - H Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd., Thunder Bay, ON P7 B 5E1, Canada
| | - Olusanya Abiodun Olatunji
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingwei Guan
- Department of Ecology, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Short-Term Effects of Low Intensity Thinning on the Fine Root Dynamics of Pinus massoniana Plantations in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8110428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Soil phosphorus functional fractions and tree tissue nutrient concentrations influenced by stand density in subtropical Chinese fir plantation forests. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186905. [PMID: 29073278 PMCID: PMC5658083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Stand density regulation is an important measure of plantation forest management, and phosphorus (P) is often the limiting factor of tree productivity, especially in the subtropics and tropics. However, the stand density influence on ecosystem P cycling is unclear in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations of subtropical China. We collected rhizosphere and bulk soils, leaves and twigs with different ages and roots with different orders to measure P and nitrogen (N) variables in Chinese fir plantations with low density (LDCF) and high density (HDCF) at Fujian and Hunan provinces of subtropical China. Rhizosphere soil labile P, slow P, occluded P and extractable P were higher in LDCF than HDCF at two sites. Meanwhile, P and N concentrations of 1-year-old leaves and twigs were higher in LDCF than HDCF and leaf N/P ratio generally increased with increasing leaf age at two sites. Rhizosphere vs. bulk soil labile P and occluded P were greater in LDCF than HDCF at Fujian. Nitrogen resorption efficiencies (NRE) of leaves and twigs were higher in LDCF than HDCF at Fujian, while their P resorption efficiencies (PRE) were not different between two densities at two sites. The average NRE of leaves (41.7%) and twigs (65.6%) were lower than the corresponding PRE (67.8% and 78.0%, respectively). Our results suggest that reducing stem density in Chinese fir plantations might be helpful to increase soil active P supplies and meet tree nutrient requirements.
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Mitigating the Stress of Drought on Soil Respiration by Selective Thinning: Contrasting Effects of Drought on Soil Respiration of Two Oak Species in a Mediterranean Forest. FORESTS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/f7110263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fu X, Wang J, Di Y, Wang H. Differences in Fine-Root Biomass of Trees and Understory Vegetation among Stand Types in Subtropical Forests. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128894. [PMID: 26047358 PMCID: PMC4457824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation of total fine-root biomass among types of tree stands has previously been attributed to the characteristics of the stand layers. The effects of the understory vegetation on total fine-root biomass are less well studied. We examined the variation of total fine-root biomass in subtropical tree stands at two sites of Datian and Huitong in China. The two sites have similar humid monsoon climate but different soil organic carbon. One examination compared two categories of basal areas (high vs. low basal area) in stands of single species. A second examination compared single-species and mixed stands with comparable basal areas. Low basal area did not correlate with low total fine-root biomass in the single-species stands. The increase in seedling density but decrease in stem density for the low basal area stands at Datian and the quite similar stand structures for the basal-area contrast at Huitong helped in the lack of association between basal area and total fine-root biomass at the two sites, respectively. The mixed stands also did not yield higher total fine-root biomasses. In addition to the lack of niche complementarity between tree species, the differences in stem and seedling densities and the belowground competition between the tree and non-tree species also contributed to the similarity of the total fine-root biomasses in the mixed and single-species stands. Across stand types, the more fertile site Datian yielded higher tree, non-tree and total fine-root biomasses than Huitong. However, the contribution of non-tree fine-root biomass to the total fine-root biomass was higher at Huitong (29.4%) than that at Datian (16.7%). This study suggests that the variation of total fine-root biomass across stand types not only was associated with the characteristics of trees, but also may be highly dependent on the understory layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Fu
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianlei Wang
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuebao Di
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Biomass, Carbon and Nutrient Storage in a 30-Year-Old Chinese Cork Oak (Quercus Variabilis) Forest on the South Slope of the Qinling Mountains, China. FORESTS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/f6041239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Guillemot J, Delpierre N, Vallet P, François C, Martin-StPaul NK, Soudani K, Nicolas M, Badeau V, Dufrêne E. Assessing the effects of management on forest growth across France: insights from a new functional-structural model. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:779-93. [PMID: 24769539 PMCID: PMC4217684 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The structure of a forest stand, i.e. the distribution of tree size features, has strong effects on its functioning. The management of the structure is therefore an important tool in mitigating the impact of predicted changes in climate on forests, especially with respect to drought. Here, a new functional-structural model is presented and is used to assess the effects of management on forest functioning at a national scale. METHODS The stand process-based model (PBM) CASTANEA was coupled to a stand structure module (SSM) based on empirical tree-to-tree competition rules. The calibration of the SSM was based on a thorough analysis of intersite and interannual variability of competition asymmetry. The coupled CASTANEA-SSM model was evaluated across France using forest inventory data, and used to compare the effect of contrasted silvicultural practices on simulated stand carbon fluxes and growth. KEY RESULTS The asymmetry of competition varied consistently with stand productivity at both spatial and temporal scales. The modelling of the competition rules enabled efficient prediction of changes in stand structure within the CASTANEA PBM. The coupled model predicted an increase in net primary productivity (NPP) with management intensity, resulting in higher growth. This positive effect of management was found to vary at a national scale across France: the highest increases in NPP were attained in forests facing moderate to high water stress; however, the absolute effect of management on simulated stand growth remained moderate to low because stand thinning involved changes in carbon allocation at the tree scale. CONCLUSIONS This modelling approach helps to identify the areas where management efforts should be concentrated in order to mitigate near-future drought impact on national forest productivity. Around a quarter of the French temperate oak and beech forests are currently in zones of high vulnerability, where management could thus mitigate the influence of climate change on forest yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannès Guillemot
- Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR8079, F-91405 Orsay, France
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Nicolas Delpierre
- Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR8079, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Patrick Vallet
- Irstea, Unité de recherche ‘Ecosystèmes forestiers’, F-45290 Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France
| | - Christophe François
- CNRS, Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR8079, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - Kamel Soudani
- Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR8079, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - Vincent Badeau
- INRA, Unité de recherche ‘Ecologie et Ecophysiologie forestières’, UMR1137, F-54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Eric Dufrêne
- CNRS, Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR8079, F-91405 Orsay, France
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Terzaghi M, Montagnoli A, Di Iorio A, Scippa GS, Chiatante D. Fine-root carbon and nitrogen concentration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Italy Prealps: possible implications of coppice conversion to high forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:192. [PMID: 23785374 PMCID: PMC3680728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fine-root systems represent a very sensitive plant compartment to environmental changes. Gaining further knowledge about their dynamics would improve soil carbon input understanding. This paper investigates C and N concentrations in fine roots in relation to different stand characteristics resulting from conversion of coppiced forests to high forests. In order to evaluate possible interferences due to different vegetative stages of vegetation, fine-root sampling was repeated six times in each stand during the same 2008 growing season. Fine-root sampling was conducted within three different soil depths (0-10; 10-20; and 20-30 cm). Fine-root traits were measured by means of WinRHIZO software which enable us to separate them into three different diameter classes (0-0.5, 0.5-1.0 and 1.0-2.0 mm). The data collected indicate that N concentration was higher in converted stands than in the coppiced stand whereas C concentration was higher in the coppiced stand than in converted stands. Consequently the fine-root C:N ratio was significantly higher in coppiced than in converted stands and showed an inverse relationship with fine-root turnover rate, confirming a significant change of fine-root status after the conversion of a coppice to high forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Terzaghi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of InsubriaVarese, Italy
| | - Antonio Montagnoli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of InsubriaVarese, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Iorio
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of InsubriaVarese, Italy
| | - Gabriella S. Scippa
- Department of Science and Technology for Environment and Territory, University of MolisePesche, Italy
| | - Donato Chiatante
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of InsubriaVarese, Italy
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Terzaghi M, Montagnoli A, Di Iorio A, Scippa GS, Chiatante D. Fine-root carbon and nitrogen concentration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Italy Prealps: possible implications of coppice conversion to high forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013. [PMID: 23785374 DOI: 10.1080/11263504.2012.741626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine-root systems represent a very sensitive plant compartment to environmental changes. Gaining further knowledge about their dynamics would improve soil carbon input understanding. This paper investigates C and N concentrations in fine roots in relation to different stand characteristics resulting from conversion of coppiced forests to high forests. In order to evaluate possible interferences due to different vegetative stages of vegetation, fine-root sampling was repeated six times in each stand during the same 2008 growing season. Fine-root sampling was conducted within three different soil depths (0-10; 10-20; and 20-30 cm). Fine-root traits were measured by means of WinRHIZO software which enable us to separate them into three different diameter classes (0-0.5, 0.5-1.0 and 1.0-2.0 mm). The data collected indicate that N concentration was higher in converted stands than in the coppiced stand whereas C concentration was higher in the coppiced stand than in converted stands. Consequently the fine-root C:N ratio was significantly higher in coppiced than in converted stands and showed an inverse relationship with fine-root turnover rate, confirming a significant change of fine-root status after the conversion of a coppice to high forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Terzaghi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria Varese, Italy
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López BC, Gracia CA, Sabaté S, Keenan T. Assessing the resilience of Mediterranean holm oaks to disturbances using selective thinning. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vargas R, Allen EB, Allen MF. Effects of Vegetation Thinning on Above- and Belowground Carbon in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Mexico. Biotropica 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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