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Moonjely S, Ebert M, Paton-Glassbrook D, Noel ZA, Roze L, Shay R, Watkins T, Trail F. Update on the state of research to manage Fusarium head blight. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 169:103829. [PMID: 37666446 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most devastating diseases of cereal crops, causing severe reduction in yield and quality of grain worldwide. In the United States, the major causal agent of FHB is the mycotoxigenic fungus, Fusarium graminearum. The contamination of grain with mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, is a particularly serious concern due to its impact on the health of humans and livestock. For the past few decades, multidisciplinary studies have been conducted on management strategies designed to reduce the losses caused by FHB. However, effective management is still challenging due to the emergence of fungicide-tolerant strains of F. graminearum and the lack of highly resistant wheat and barley cultivars. This review presents multidisciplinary approaches that incorporate advances in genomics, genetic-engineering, new fungicide chemistries, applied biocontrol, and consideration of the disease cycle for management of FHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Moonjely
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Malaika Ebert
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Drew Paton-Glassbrook
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Zachary A Noel
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Ludmila Roze
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Rebecca Shay
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Tara Watkins
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Frances Trail
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
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Gama AB, Cordova LG, Baggio JS, Mertely JC, Peres NA. Old but Gold: Captan Is a Valuable Tool for Managing Anthracnose and Botrytis Fruit Rots and Improving Strawberry Yields Based on a Meta-Analysis. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3071-3078. [PMID: 36947843 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-22-2781-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis fruit rot (BFR) and anthracnose fruit rot (AFR) are diseases of concern to strawberry growers. Both diseases are managed mainly by fungicide applications from the nursery (plant production) to the end of the growing season (fruit production). In Florida, captan is the main broad-spectrum fungicide used to control BFR and AFR. It has been tested in many trials over the years in various programs in alternation with single-site fungicides or weekly applications. Due to its broad-spectrum activity, captan is a pivotal tool in fungicide resistance management, because resistance to several fungicides has been reported in populations causing BFR and AFR. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness and profitability of applications of captan for controlling BFR and AFR based on a univariate meta-analysis considering data from 25 field trials conducted from 2005 to 2021 in Florida. Captan applications significantly improved marketable yields and reduced BFR and AFR incidence during late- and total-season periods. Marketable yields were significantly improved even when the effect on disease control was not significant. Our results indicate 100% probability that weekly captan applications would return the investment during low, medium, and high strawberry pricing regimes, although the magnitude of the return will depend on strawberry market prices. However, the probabilities of reducing BFR, AFR, and culls were lower. Results from our meta-analysis demonstrate the value of captan as an important tool for strawberry growers. Captan applications, in addition to effectively controlling BFR and AFR and improving marketable yields, will result in investment returns at any strawberry price level.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B Gama
- Department of Plant Pathology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598
| | - Leandro G Cordova
- Department of Plant Pathology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598
- Corteva Agriscience, Application Technology, Indianapolis, IN 46268
| | - Juliana S Baggio
- Department of Plant Pathology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Vero Beach, FL 32967
| | - James C Mertely
- Department of Plant Pathology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598
| | - Natalia A Peres
- Department of Plant Pathology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598
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Xu J, Yan D, Chen Y, Cai D, Huang F, Zhu L, Zhang X, Luan S, Xiao C, Huang Q. Fungicidal activity of novel quinazolin-6-ylcarboxylates and mode of action on Botrytis cinerea. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3022-3032. [PMID: 36966485 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal diseases remain important causes of crop failure and economic losses. As the resistance toward current selective fungicides becomes increasingly problematic, it is necessary to develop efficient fungicides with novel chemotypes. RESULTS A series of novel quinazolin-6-ylcarboxylates which combined the structures of pyridine or heterocyclic motif and the N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)quinazolin-4-amine moiety, a binding group of ATP-binding site of gefitinib, were evaluated for their fungicidal activity on different phytopathogenic fungi. Most of these compounds showed excellent fungicidal activities against Botrytis cinerea and Exserohilum rostratum, especially compound F17 displayed the highest activity with EC50 values as 3.79 μg mL-1 against B. cinerea and 2.90 μg mL-1 against E. rostratum, which was similar to or even better than those of the commercial fungicides, such as pyraclostrobin (EC50 , 3.68, 17.38 μg mL-1 ) and hymexazol (EC50 , 4.56, 2.13 μg mL-1 ). Moreover, compound F17 significantly arrested the lesion expansion of B. cinerea infection on tomato detached leaves and strongly suppressed grey mold disease on tomato seedlings in greenhouse. The abilities of compound F17 to induce cell apoptosis of the non-germinated spores, to limit oxalic acid production, to reduce malate dehydrogenase (MDH) expression, and to block the active pocket of MDH protein were demonstrated in B. cinerea. CONCLUSION The novel quinazolin-6-ylcarboxylates containing ATP-binding site-directed moiety, especially compound F17, could be developed as a potential fungicidal candidate for further study. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Danni Cai
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengcheng Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianfei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaorong Luan
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ciying Xiao
- School of Biochemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingchun Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat: Biology, Modern Detection and Diagnosis and Integrated Disease Management. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030192. [PMID: 36977083 PMCID: PMC10053988 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major threat for wheat production worldwide. Most reviews focus on Fusarium graminearum as a main causal agent of FHB. However, different Fusarium species are involved in this disease complex. These species differ in their geographic adaptation and mycotoxin profile. The incidence of FHB epidemics is highly correlated with weather conditions, especially rainy days with warm temperatures at anthesis and an abundance of primary inoculum. Yield losses due to the disease can reach up to 80% of the crop. This review summarizes the Fusarium species involved in the FHB disease complex with the corresponding mycotoxin profiles, disease cycle, diagnostic methods, the history of FHB epidemics, and the management strategy of the disease. In addition, it discusses the role of remote sensing technology in the integrated management of the disease. This technology can accelerate the phenotyping process in the breeding programs aiming at FHB-resistant varieties. Moreover, it can support the decision-making strategies to apply fungicides via monitoring and early detection of the diseases under field conditions. It can also be used for selective harvest to avoid mycotoxin-contaminated plots in the field.
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Alaoufi S, Friskop A, Simsek S. Effect of Field-applied Fungicides on Claviceps purpurea Sclerotia and Associated Toxins in Wheat. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100046. [PMID: 36916553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul is the causal organism for ergot impacting grass hosts, including wheat. The pathogen produces ergot alkaloids (EAs) during the development of mature sclerotia leading to potential wheat quality discounts or rejection at the point of sale. Cultural practices are recommended for the management of ergot in wheat, but there is limited information pertaining to the use of in-season fungicides to help reduce ergot. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of four fungicides (prothioconazole + metconazole, pydiflumetofen + propiconazole, azoxystrobin + propiconazole, and fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin) on sclerotia characteristics, and EAs associated with C. purpurea. A field experiment was established using a male-sterile hard red spring line with fungicide applications occurring at complete full head emergence (Feekes Growth Stage 10.5). Individual plots were harvested and cleaned, and ergot sclerotia were collected. Physical characteristics and toxin production were examined. Fungicides had a significant (p < .05) impact on total ergot body weight (EBW), with all fungicides having lower EBW than the nontreated control. The fungicide premixture of pydiflumetofen + propiconazole had the lowest EBW among all treatments. Fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin had the lowest levels of EAs among fungicides. Results suggest that fungicide premixtures can potentially reduce EBW and influence EA production in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Alaoufi
- Department of Childhood and Family Studies- College of science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 58892, Saudi Arabia; Department of Agriculture and Applied Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Andrew Friskop
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Senay Simsek
- Department of Agriculture and Applied Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Department of Food Science and Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Singh J, Chhabra B, Raza A, Yang SH, Sandhu KS. Important wheat diseases in the US and their management in the 21st century. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1010191. [PMID: 36714765 PMCID: PMC9877539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is a crop of historical significance, as it marks the turning point of human civilization 10,000 years ago with its domestication. Due to the rapid increase in population, wheat production needs to be increased by 50% by 2050 and this growth will be mainly based on yield increases, as there is strong competition for scarce productive arable land from other sectors. This increasing demand can be further achieved using sustainable approaches including integrated disease pest management, adaption to warmer climates, less use of water resources and increased frequency of abiotic stress tolerances. Out of 200 diseases of wheat, 50 cause economic losses and are widely distributed. Each year, about 20% of wheat is lost due to diseases. Some major wheat diseases are rusts, smut, tan spot, spot blotch, fusarium head blight, common root rot, septoria blotch, powdery mildew, blast, and several viral, nematode, and bacterial diseases. These diseases badly impact the yield and cause mortality of the plants. This review focuses on important diseases of the wheat present in the United States, with comprehensive information of causal organism, economic damage, symptoms and host range, favorable conditions, and disease management strategies. Furthermore, major genetic and breeding efforts to control and manage these diseases are discussed. A detailed description of all the QTLs, genes reported and cloned for these diseases are provided in this review. This study will be of utmost importance to wheat breeding programs throughout the world to breed for resistance under changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep Singh
- Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Bhavit Chhabra
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
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Lana FD, Madden LV, Carvalho CP, Paul PA. Impact of Gibberella Ear Rot on Grain Quality and Yield Components in Maize as Influenced by Hybrid Reaction. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:3061-3075. [PMID: 35536201 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-22-0148-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of Gibberella ear rot (GER; caused by Fusarium graminearum) on deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination of grain and yield components in maize were investigated using data from 30 environments in Ohio (3 years by 10 locations). Fifteen hybrids, later classified as susceptible (SU), moderately susceptible (MS), or moderately resistant (MR), based on the magnitude of differences in mean arcsine square-root-transformed GER severity (arcSEV) and log-transformed DON (logDON) relative to a reference SU check, were planted in each environment, and 10 ears per hybrid were inoculated with a spore suspension of F. graminearum. Relationships between GER severity and DON were well described by a Kono-Sugino-type nonlinear equation. Estimated parameters representing height (A) and steepness (β) of the curves were significantly higher for SU than MS and MR hybrids but A was not significantly different between MS and MR. Results from a surrogacy analysis showed that GER was a moderate trial- and individual-level surrogate for DON. Both grain weight per ear and ear diameter decreased with increasing arcSEV but the regression slopes varied among resistance classes. The rates of reduction in both yield components per unit increase in arcSEV were significantly greater for SU than for MS and MR. An estimated 50% reduction in grain weight occurred at 62% GER severity for SU, compared with 77% severity for MS and 83% for MR. These results show that GER severity can be used as a surrogate for early estimation of DON contamination and yield loss to help guide grain handling and marketing decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dalla Lana
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research, and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
- H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station, LSU AgCenter, Louisiana State University, 1373 Caffey Road, Rayne, LA 70578
| | - Laurence V Madden
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research, and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Camila P Carvalho
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research, and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Pierce A Paul
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research, and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
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Mathematical modelling of the interaction of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Fusarium species (Fusarium spp.). Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Moraes WB, Madden LV, Paul PA. Characterizing Heterogeneity and Determining Sample Sizes for Accurately Estimating Wheat Fusarium Head Blight Index in Research Plots. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:315-334. [PMID: 34058859 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-21-0157-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Because Fusarium head blight (FHB) intensity is usually highly variable within a plot, the number of spikes rated for FHB index (IND) quantification must be considered when designing experiments. In addition, quantification of sources of IND heterogeneity is crucial for defining sampling protocols. Field experiments were conducted to quantify the variability of IND ("field severity") at different spatial scales and to investigate the effects of sample size on estimated plot-level mean IND and its accuracy. A total of 216 7-row × 6-m-long plots of a moderately resistant and a susceptible cultivar were spray-inoculated with different Fusarium graminearum spore concentrations at anthesis to generate a range of IND levels. A one-stage cluster sampling approach was used to estimate IND, with an average of 32 spikes rated at each of 10 equally spaced points per plot. Plot-level mean IND ranged from 0.9 to 37.9%. Heterogeneity of IND, quantified by fitting unconditional hierarchical linear models, was higher among spikes within clusters than among clusters within plots or among plots. The projected relative error of mean IND increased as mean IND decreased, and as sample size decreased to <100 spikes per plot. Simple random samples were drawn with replacement 50,000 times from the original dataset for each plot and used to estimate the effects of sample sizes on mean IND. Samples of 100 or more spikes resulted in more precise estimates of mean IND than smaller samples. Poor sampling may result in inaccurate estimates of IND and poor interpretation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson Bucker Moraes
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Laurence V Madden
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Pierce A Paul
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
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Edwards SG. Pydiflumetofen Co-Formulated with Prothioconazole: A Novel Fungicide for Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol Control. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14010034. [PMID: 35051011 PMCID: PMC8778507 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of small grain cereals worldwide, resulting in reduced yield and quality as well as the contamination of harvested grains with mycotoxins. The key mycotoxin of concern is deoxynivalenol (DON), which has legislative and advisory limits in numerous countries. Cereal growers have a number of control options for FHB including rotation, cultivation, and varietal resistance; however, growers are still reliant on fungicides applied at flowering as part of an IPM program. Fungicides currently available to control FHB are largely restricted to triazole chemistry. This study conducted three field experiments to compare a new co-formulation of pydiflumetofen (a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) with the tradename ADEPIDYN™) and prothioconazole (a triazole) against current standard fungicides at various timings (flag leaf fully emerged, mid-head emergence, early flowering, and late flowering) for the control of FHB and DON. Overall, the co-formulation showed greater efficacy compared to either pydiflumetofen alone or current fungicide chemistry. This greater activity was demonstrated over a wide range of spray timings (flag leaf fully emerged to late flowering). The availability of an SDHI with good activity against FHB and the resulting DON contamination of harvested grain will give growers an additional tool within an IPM program that will provide a greater flexibility of spray application windows and reduce fungicide resistance selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Edwards
- Crop and Environmental Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, UK
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Mengesha GG, Abebe SM, Mekonnen AA, G/Mikael Esho A, Lera ZT, Shertore MM, Fedilu KB, Tadesse YB, Tsakamo YT, Issa BT, Cheleko DC, W/Silassie AB. Effects of cultivar resistances and chemical seed treatments on fusarium head blight and bread wheat yield-related parameters under field condition in southern Ethiopia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08659. [PMID: 35028447 PMCID: PMC8741468 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe), FHB, is considered among the economically significant and destructive diseases of wheat. Thus, the study was worked out at seven sites in southern Ethiopia during the 2019 main cropping year to decide the effects of host resistance and chemical seed treatment on the progress of FHB epidemics and to decide grain yield benefit and yield losses derived from the use of wheat cultivars integrated with chemical seed treatments. The field study was worked out with the integration of two wheat cultivars, including Shorima as well as Hidase, and five chemical seed treatments, including Carboxin, Thiram + Carbofuran, Imidalm, Proceed Plus, and Thiram Granuflo. Twelve experimental treatments were arrayed in factorial arrangement with randomized complete block design. Each experimental treatment was replicated three times and delegated at random to experimental plots within a block. Significant (P < 0.01) variations were observed among the evaluated treatment combinations for rates of disease progress, incidence, severity, the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and yield-related parameters across the locations. Results showed that the lowest incidence was registered on Shorima treated with Thiram + Carbofuran fungicide (27.40%). The lowest mean disease severity was recorded from Shorima integrated with Imidalm (21.23%) and Shorima treated with Thiram + Carbofuran (21.78%). The AUDPC was as low as 211.27, 226.39, and 236.46%-days were recorded on Shorima treated with Imidalm, Thiram + Carbofuran, and Proceed Plus, respectively. The highest disease severity of 57.91% (Hidase) and 27.22% (Shorima), and AUDPC of 552.71%-days (Hidase) and 313.04%-days (Shorima) were recorded from untreated control plots of the two cultivars. Paramount grain yield was found from Shorima treated with Imidalm and Dynamic fungicides, each of which was noted with GY of 4.40 and 4.05 t ha−1, respectively. Results also showed the highest yield losses (21.89 and 23.23%) were computed on untreated control plots of the cultivars Hidase and Shorima, respectively, compared with maximum protected experimental treatment for both cultivars. Moreover, cost-benefit analysis confirmed that Shorima treated with Imidalm exhibited the most prominent net benefit (NB) ($67,381.26 ha−1) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) (4.43), followed by Shorima treated with Thiram + Carbofuran (NB of $60,837.76 ha−1 and BCR of 3.98). Based on the lowest yield loss and highest economic advantage, the use of Shorima treated with either Imidalm or Thiram + Carbofuran could be suggested to the farmers in the study areas and elsewhere having analogous agro-ecological conditions to manage the disease. However, sole use of chemical seed treatment is not as effective as post-anthesis aerial application up to maturity of the crop. For this reason, post-anthesis aerial application should be considered besides chemical seed treatment for effective management of FHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Gudero Mengesha
- Arba Minch Agricultural Research Center, SARI, P.O.Box 2228, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author.
| | | | | | | | - Zerhun Tomas Lera
- Areka Agricultural Research Center, SARI, P.O.Box 79, Areka, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | - Bilal Temmam Issa
- Worabe Agricultural Research Center, SARI, P.O.Box 21, Worabe, Ethiopia
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12
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Ascari JP, Barro JP, Santana FM, Padua JMV, Maciel JLN, Lau D, Torres GAM, Sbalcheiro CC, Seixas CDS, Goulart ACP, Sussel AAB, Schipanski CA, Chagas DF, Coelho MAO, Montecelli TDN, Amaral DR, Custódio AAP, Moreira LSO, Utiamada CM, Venâncio WS, Goussain RCS, Alves KS, Del Ponte EM. Sequential Post-Heading Applications for Controlling Wheat Blast: A 9-Year Summary of Fungicide Performance in Brazil. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:4051-4059. [PMID: 34270912 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-21-1183-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wheat blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage, is a major constraint to wheat production, mainly in the tropics of Brazil, where severe epidemics have been more frequent. We analyzed disease and wheat yield data from 42 uniform field trials conducted over 9 years (2012 to 2020) to assess whether the percent control and yield response were influenced by fungicide type, region (tropical or subtropical), and year. Six treatments were selected, all evaluated in at least 19 trials. Two fungicides were applied as solo active ingredients (MANCozeb, and TEBUconazole), and four were premixes (AZOXystrobin plus TEBU, TriFLoXystrobin plus PROThioconazole, TFLX plus TEBU, and PYRAclostrobin plus EPOXiconazole). Percent control, calculated from back-transforming estimates by a meta-analysis network model fitted to the log of the means, ranged from 43 to 58%, with all but PYRA plus EPOX showing efficacy >52% on average, not differing among them. The variation in both efficacy and yield response was explained by region, and all but TEBU performed better in the subtropics than in the tropics. Yield response from using three sequential sprays was approximately two times greater in the subtropics (319 to 532 kg/ha) than in the tropics (149 to 241.3 kg/ha). No significant decline in fungicide efficacy or yield response was observed in 9 years of study for any of the fungicides. These results reinforce the need to improve control by adopting an integrated management approach in the tropics given poorer performance and lower profitability, especially for the premixes, than in the subtropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Ascari
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jhonatan P Barro
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávio M Santana
- Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo, 99050-970, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José M V Padua
- Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João L N Maciel
- Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo, 99050-970, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Douglas Lau
- Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo, 99050-970, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos A Schipanski
- G12 Agro Pesquisa e Consultoria Agronômica, Guarapuava, 85015-344, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Débora F Chagas
- G12 Agro Pesquisa e Consultoria Agronômica, Guarapuava, 85015-344, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maurício A O Coelho
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Patos de Minas, 38700-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel R Amaral
- Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro Uberaba, 38064-790, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano A P Custódio
- Área de Proteção de Plantas, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, 86047-902, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucas S O Moreira
- Área de Proteção de Plantas, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, 86047-902, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Wilson S Venâncio
- Estação Experimental Agrícola Campos Gerais, Palmeira, 84130-000, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rita C S Goussain
- Instituto Federal do Mato Grosso, Campo Verde, 78840-000, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Kaique S Alves
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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13
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Singh G, Hnatowich G, Peng G, Kutcher HR. Fungicide Mitigates Fusarium Head Blight in Durum Wheat When Applied as Late as the End of Flowering in Western Canada. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3481-3489. [PMID: 33881916 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-21-0335-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important diseases of durum, spring, and winter wheat in Canada. Growers rely on an integrated strategy to manage the disease, including fungicide application at the current recommendation of early to 50% anthesis (BBCH61-65). This study evaluated the effect of fungicide application timing and seeding rates of durum wheat on FHB. Field trials were carried out from 2016 to 2018 at three locations in Saskatchewan. Eight treatments of the metconazole fungicide Caramba were applied to durum seeded at 75 and 400 seeds m-2. The fungicide treatments consisted of a nontreated check, a treated check, and applications at BBCH59, BBCH61, BBCH65, BBCH69, and BBCH73 and a dual application treatment (BBCH61 followed by BBCH73). FHB index, proportion of Fusarium-damaged kernels (%FDK), deoxynivalenol (DON), grain protein content (GPC, %), and yield were evaluated. Seeding rates influenced all parameters. The high seeding rate had a higher yield and FHB index but lower DON and GPC than did the lower seeding rate. All fungicide treatments resulted in lower FHB index, DON, and %FDK than the nontreated check. Under FHB conducive conditions, all anthesis applications from BBCH61 to BBCH69 had a similar effect on FHB index, %FDK, DON, and yield, whereas in years with low disease severity, the application at BBCH65 had lower FHB index, %FDK, and DON relative to other single applications. The dual application (BBCH61 + 73) treatment resulted in similar FHB index levels, %FDK, and DON content as the BBCH65 application at all site years. Our results indicate that the window of fungicide application can be extended to the end of flowering when FHB risk is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursahib Singh
- Crop Development Centre/Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Garry Hnatowich
- Irrigation Crop Diversification Corporation Outlook, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Gary Peng
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hadley R Kutcher
- Crop Development Centre/Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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14
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Xia R, Schaafsma A, Limay-Rios V, Hooker D. Effectiveness of a novel fungicide pydiflumetofen against Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin accumulation in winter wheat. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2020.2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) causes yield loss, quality reduction, and grain mycotoxin accumulations. A novel pydiflumetofen-containing fungicide, Miravis Ace, was recently registered in North America. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficacies of Miravis Ace and the timing of application alongside industry standard triazole fungicides (Prosaro, Caramba, Proline and Folicur) on suppressing FHB, reducing mycotoxins and improving wheat agronomic performance. The assessment was conducted across six natural environments on commercial farm fields and in two artificially inoculated-misted environments. All environments included 5 fungicides (Miravis Ace and the four triazole fungicides) and 3 application timings (Zadoks GS 59, 65, 69-71). Additionally, for the ZGS 65 timing, the experiment in the natural environment included a quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide pyraclostrobin (Headline). In general, Miravis Ace tended to be more effective on FHB suppression than the triazole fungicides across all environments. However, any biological differences tended to be statistically non-significant, likely because of a lack of statistical power. Miravis Ace reduced total deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration by 52-73% compared to the non-treated control. If applied at ZGS 59-65, Miravis Ace was more effective in increasing yield and test weight than the triazoles tested. Across fungicides, applications made at ZGS 65 were most effective in FHB suppression compared to earlier or later application timings. There was no evidence that pyraclostrobin increased mycotoxin concentrations. Overall, compared to the triazole fungicides, the novel pydiflumetofen-containing fungicide tended to have lower FHB suppression and mycotoxins, higher grain yield and test weight, and higher harvest moisture, but differences were not always statistically significant. Because the main active ingredient in Miravis Ace has a different mode of action than the triazoles, we speculate that this fungicide will be competitive with industry standards, and benefit strategies for fungicide resistance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Xia
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, 120 Main St. E, Ridgetown, ON, N0P 2C0, Canada
| | - A.W. Schaafsma
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, 120 Main St. E, Ridgetown, ON, N0P 2C0, Canada
| | - V. Limay-Rios
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, 120 Main St. E, Ridgetown, ON, N0P 2C0, Canada
| | - D.C. Hooker
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, 120 Main St. E, Ridgetown, ON, N0P 2C0, Canada
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15
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Barro JP, Santana FM, Duffeck MR, Machado FJ, Lau D, Sbalcheiro CC, Schipanski CA, Chagas DF, Venancio WS, Dallagnol LJ, Guterres CW, Kuhnem P, Feksa HR, Del Ponte EM. Are Demethylation Inhibitor Plus Quinone Outside Inhibitor Fungicide Premixes During Flowering Worthwhile for Fusarium Head Blight Control in Wheat? A Meta-Analysis. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2680-2687. [PMID: 33306428 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-20-2096-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum, is best controlled with demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides during flowering. However, the use of premixes of DMI and quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides to control FHB has increased in Brazil. Data on FHB severity and wheat yields measured in field experiments conducted in Brazil were gathered from both peer- and nonpeer-reviewed sources published from 2000 to 2018. After selection criteria were applied, 73 field trials from 35 bibliographic sources were identified, among which 50% of the data were obtained from cooperative network trials conducted after 2011. To be included in the analysis, DMI plus QoI premixes or tebuconazole were tested in at least 14 trials and 3 years. Four premixes met the criteria. Estimates of percent control (and respective 95% confidence intervals) by a network model fitted to the log of the treatment means ranged from 44.1% (pyraclostrobin plus metconazole applied once; 32.4 to 53.7) to 64.3% (pyraclostrobin plus metconazole; 58.4 to 69.3); the latter did not differ from tebuconazole (59.9%; 53.6 to 65.3). Yield response was statistically similar for pyraclostrobin plus metconazole (532.1 kg/ha; 441 to 623) and trifloxystrobin plus prothioconazole (494.9 kg/ha; 385 to 551), and both differed statistically from a group composed of tebuconazole (448.2 kg/ha; 342 to 554), trifloxystrobin plus tebuconazole (468.2 kg/ha; 385 to 551), azoxystrobin plus tebuconazole (462.4 kg/ha; 366 to 558), and pyraclostrobin plus metconazole applied once (413.7 kg/ha; 308 to 518). The two categories of FHB index (7% cutoff) and yield (3,000 kg/ha cutoff), both in the nontreated check, did not explain the heterogeneity in the estimates. Considering only the fungicide effects on yield, two sequential sprays of tebuconazole or one spray of pyraclostrobin plus metconazole as management choices are likely more profitable than DMI plus QoI premixes sprayed twice during flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Paulo Barro
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávio Martins Santana
- Laboratório de Fitopatologia, Embrapa Trigo, 99050-970 Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maíra Rodrigues Duffeck
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Franklin Jackson Machado
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Douglas Lau
- Laboratório de Fitopatologia, Embrapa Trigo, 99050-970 Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Leandro Jose Dallagnol
- Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-970 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Kuhnem
- Biotrigo Genética Ltda., 99052-160 Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Heraldo Rosa Feksa
- Fundação Agrária de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 85139-400 Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
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16
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Shude SP, Yobo KS, Mbili NC. Progress in the management of Fusarium head blight of wheat: An overview. S AFR J SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2020/7854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), also known as head scab, is a devastating fungal disease that affects small grain cereal crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The predominant causal agent, Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (teleomorph: Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch), is ranked the fourth most important fungal plant pathogen worldwide. Apart from yield and quality losses, mycotoxin production can occur from FHB infection, resulting in harmful effects on human and animal health. Some level of disease control may be achieved by using certain fungicides and agronomic practices plus host resistance. In South Africa, there are currently no registered fungicides or bio-fungicides, no resistant wheat cultivars and only limited control is achieved by cultural practices. Because effective disease reduction cannot be achieved by using a single strategy, the integration of multiple management strategies can enhance disease control. We review possible strategies for reducing the risk for FHB infections that are relevant to the context of South Africa and other wheat growing areas in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinegugu P.N. Shude
- Discipline of Plant Pathology, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Kwasi S. Yobo
- Discipline of Plant Pathology, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Nokwazi C. Mbili
- Discipline of Plant Pathology, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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17
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Madden LV, Paul PA. Is Disease Intensity a Good Surrogate for Yield Loss or Toxin Contamination? A Case Study with Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:1632-1646. [PMID: 32370661 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-19-0427-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sometimes plant pathologists assess disease intensity when they are primarily interested in other response variables, such as yield loss or toxin concentration in harvested products. In these situations, disease intensity potentially could be considered a surrogate of yield or toxin. A surrogate is a variable which can be used instead of the variable of interest in the evaluation of experimental treatments or in making predictions. Surrogates can be measured earlier, more conveniently, or more cheaply than the variable of primary interest, but the reliability or validity of the surrogate must be shown. We demonstrate ways of quantifying two facets of surrogacy by using a protocol originally developed by Buyse and colleagues for medical research. Coefficient-of-determination type statistics can be used to conveniently assess the strength of surrogacy on a unitless scale. As a case study, we evaluated whether field severity of Fusarium head blight (i.e., FHB index) can be used as a surrogate for yield loss and deoxynivalenol (DON) toxin concentration in harvested wheat grain. Bivariate mixed models and corresponding approximations were fitted to data from 82 uniform fungicide trials conducted from 2008 to 2013. Individual-level surrogacy-for predicting the variable of interest (yield or DON) from the surrogate (index) in plots with the same treatment-was very low. Trial-level surrogacy-for predicting the effect of treatment (e.g., mean difference) for the variable of interest based on the effect of the treatment on the surrogate (index)-was moderate for yield, and only low for DON. Challenges in using disease severity as a surrogate for yield and toxin are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence V Madden
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Pierce A Paul
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
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18
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Cowger C, Smith J, Boos D, Bradley CA, Ransom J, Bergstrom GC. Managing a Destructive, Episodic Crop Disease: A National Survey of Wheat and Barley Growers' Experience With Fusarium Head Blight. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:634-648. [PMID: 31967505 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-18-1803-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main techniques for minimizing Fusarium head blight (FHB, or scab) and deoxynivalenol in wheat and barley are well established and generally available: planting of moderately FHB-resistant cultivars, risk monitoring, and timely use of the most effective fungicides. Yet the adoption of these techniques remains uneven across the FHB-prone portions of the U.S. cereal production area. A national survey was undertaken by the U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative in 17 states where six market classes of wheat and barley are grown. In 2014, 5,107 usable responses were obtained. The highest percentages reporting losses attributable to FHB in the previous 5 years were in North Dakota, Maryland, Kentucky, and states bordering the Great Lakes but across all states, ≥75% of respondents reported no FHB-related losses in the previous 5 years. Adoption of cultivar resistance was uneven by state and market class and was low except among hard red spring wheat growers. In 13 states, a majority of respondents had not applied an FHB-targeted fungicide in the previous 5 years. Although the primary FHB information source varied by state, crop consultants were considered to be an important source or their primary source of information on risk or management of FHB by the largest percentage of respondents. Use of an FHB risk forecasting website was about twice as high in North Dakota as the 17-state average of 6%. The most frequently cited barriers to adopting FHB management practices were weather or logistics preventing timely fungicide application, difficulty in determining flowering timing for fungicide applications, and the impracticality of FHB-reducing rotations. The results highlight the challenges of managing an episodically damaging crop disease and point to specific areas for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cowger
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Joy Smith
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Dennis Boos
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Carl A Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY 42445
| | - Joel Ransom
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050
| | - Gary C Bergstrom
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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