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Zhang Q, Meng Y, Zhao W, Wang Q, Wang X, Xue L, Xu X, Chen C. Bipolaris fujianensis sp. nov., an Emerging Pathogen of Sapling Shoot Blight on Chinese Fir, and Its Sensitivity to Fungicides. Plant Dis 2024:PDIS07231254RE. [PMID: 38085971 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1254-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Chinese fir is an extremely important economic tree species in southern China. In recent years, 74.5% of Chinese fir saplings suffered from shoot blight in Shunchang County, Nanping City, Fujian Province, China. Seventeen isolates were collected from rotten shoots, and their pathogenicity was confirmed following Koch's postulates. The five pathogenic isolates were identified as belonging to the genus Bipolaris based on morphological characteristics, including septate and geniculate conidiophores, smooth to slightly verruculose conidiogenous nodes, dematiaceous phragmospore conidia, oblong or fusiform conidia, and slightly protruding or truncate hilum on conidia, but the number of pseudosepta (3 to 11, mostly 5 to 8) and the size of conidia ([22.81 to 116.13] × [9.16 to 26.58] μm) are different from those of the known species of Bipolaris. A phylogenetic analysis based on ITS, GAPDH, and Tef1-α sequences determined that the five strains belong to a new species of Bipolaris, and the name Bipolaris fujianensis sp. nov. is proposed. The fungicide sensitivity of the pathogen strain Cfsb3 was further evaluated using eight fungicides. Flusilazole, difenoconazole, tebuconazole, and propiconazole exhibited high toxicity to Cfsb3, and the effective concentration inhibiting 50% (EC50) of mycelial growth was 0.08, 0.20, 0.34, and 0.36 μg/ml, respectively, for these four fungicides. Flusilazole, difenoconazole, and iprodione inhibited B. fujianensis by 100% on detached Chinese fir shoots at their recommended concentrations, but azoxystrobin and thiram were ineffective. In conclusion, this study reported an emerging pathogen of Chinese fir sapling shoot blight and proposed triazole and dicarboximide fungicides for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhang
- Forestry College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuhan Meng
- Forestry College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenbao Zhao
- Forestry College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Forestry College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Forestry College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lili Xue
- Forestry College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Forestry College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- Fujian Yangkou State-Owned Forest Farm, Nanping 353299, China
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Soler J, Izquierdo J. The Invasive Ailanthus altissima: A Biology, Ecology, and Control Review. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:931. [PMID: 38611460 PMCID: PMC11013224 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) is a tree native to China which has invaded disturbed areas in many regions worldwide. Its presence endangers natural ecosystems by displacing native species, modifying habitats, changing community structures, and affecting ecosystem processes. Its invasive nature is enhanced by its high ability to reproduce both vegetatively through root regrowth and sexually through seeds. Seeds, which are wind dispersed, are the main mechanism by which this species reaches new habitats. When they germinate and develop the root system, roots emit new shoots that contribute to a rapid increase in the tree density and the subsequent expansion of the population nearby. The contradictory results about the ecological requirements for seeds to germinate and their degree of dormancy and longevity indicate the complexity and difficulty of understanding the mechanisms that govern the biology and adaptability of this plant. The management of this weed aims at its eradication, with programs based on herbicide applications carried out by injecting the active ingredient directly to the trunk. But, not many active ingredients have shown total control, so new ones should be tested in order to increase the range of available herbicides. During the last few decades, some biological agents have been identified, but their efficacy in controlling the tree and their safety for the local flora have not yet been determined. A correct management strategy should take into account all these aspects in order to contain the expansion of this species and, ultimately, allow its eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Soler
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain;
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Mendel Z, Voet H, Modan N, Naor R, Ment D. Seismic sensor-based management of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in date palm plantations. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:1053-1064. [PMID: 37837273 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is one of the gravest threats to palm trees. The challenge in monitoring RPW primarily arises from the inconspicuous presence of larvae within the stem, which is often devoid of noticeable symptoms. This study looks at the use of seismic sensors in RPW management in commercial date palm plantations. It explores whether the data garnered from the sensor domain, and its translation into the health status of date palms, can reliably inform precise decision-making. RESULTS Sensor and damage index values, as gauged by the Agrint IoTree seismic sensor, vividly mirrored RPW colonization activity. They also accurately portrayed the impact of three distinct insecticides: imidacloprid, phosphine, and entomopathogenic nematodes. The seismic values and damage index of healthy untreated palms strongly supported the decision to pursue tree recovery. Furthermore, this facilitated the computation of recovery pace discrepancies across the tested treatments, measured as the number of days required for tree restoration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the practicality of employing seismic sensors, as exemplified by the IoTree system and its network services, to both monitor and assess palm tree health. Furthermore, it validates their efficacy in evaluating the efficiency of management strategies adopted against RPW, all grounded in a wealth of sensor-derived data. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Mendel
- Institute of Plant Protection, ARO, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Hillary Voet
- Environmental Economics and Management, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Dana Ment
- Institute of Plant Protection, ARO, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Nogami R, Nagata M, Imada R, Kai K, Kawaguchi T, Tani S. Cycloheximide in the nanomolar range inhibits seed germination of Orobanche minor. J Pestic Sci 2024; 49:22-30. [PMID: 38450089 PMCID: PMC10912901 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d23-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
From the 992 samples of culture extracts of microorganisms isolated from soil in Japan, we found that the extract of Streptomyces sp. no. 226 inhibited Orobanche minor seed germination without significantly affecting the seed germination of Trifolium pratense and the growth of Aspergillus oryzae and Escherichia coli. Using ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR, we identified the active compound as cycloheximide. Cycloheximide had half-maximum inhibitory concentrations of 2.6 ng/mL for the inhibition of seed germination of O. minor and 2.5 µg/mL for that of the conidial germination of A. oryzae. Since cycloheximide is known to inhibit translation by interacting with ribosomal protein L28 (RPL28) in yeast, we investigated whether RPL protein of O. minor plays a critical role in the inhibition of O. minor seed germination. Our data suggested that O. minor RPL27A was not sensitive to cycloheximide by comparing it to the strain expressing S. cerevisiae RPL28. These findings suggest the presence of an unidentified mechanism by which cycloheximide hinders O. minor seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nogami
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Mari Nagata
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Risa Imada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Kenji Kai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Takashi Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Shuji Tani
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
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Morais MC, Rakes M, Balzan F, Grützmacher AD, Bernardi D, Ribeiro LDP. Effects of mixtures of arrestants, dislodgers, and phagostimulants with synthetic insecticides on green-belly stink bug: walking behavior assessments, physicochemical interactions, and laboratory and field trials. J Econ Entomol 2024; 117:167-177. [PMID: 37972474 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The green-belly stink bug (Diceraeus melacanthus Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)) is a key pest of corn-soybean crop systems and the management of this pest is difficult due to behavioral characteristics. However, products that alter its behavior, such as arrestants, dislodgers, and phagostimulants, have been used in an attempt to improve the effectiveness of chemical control. In this study, the effect of these products on the walking behavior of nymphs and adults of D. melacanthus was initially evaluated through computational behavioral tracking (Ethovision system). Adults of D. melacanthus exposed to the dislodgers Creolin Pearson and Quimifol S450 (sulfur) significantly increased the distance covered and the walking speed. On the other hand, the only treatment that significantly affected the walking behavior of nymphs was the treatment with soy milk (phagostimulant). The physical-chemical analyses indicated considerable changes in the pH and electrical conductivity of mixtures of such products with insecticides from different chemical groups, as well as lack of homogeneity (physical incompatibility). Nevertheless, none of the products tested improved the control efficacy of an insecticide based on imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin, either in laboratory tests (contact bioassay) or in tests conducted in corn crops during 2 crop harvests. Thus, the association of these products in a tank mixture does not increase the control levels of D. melacanthus in post-emergence of maize and may have an antagonistic effect in some associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Chagas Morais
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus Rakes
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Balzan
- Faculty of Agronomy, Uceff University, Itapiranga, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Bernardi
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leandro do Prado Ribeiro
- Research Center for Family Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Company of Santa Catarina (CEPAF/EPAGRI), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Demard EP, Döker I, Qureshi JA. Species assemblage, abundance, and distribution of Phytoseiid mites (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae) in Citrus Under Protective Screen. J Econ Entomol 2024; 117:73-81. [PMID: 37982424 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Citrus Under Protective Screen (CUPS) production system excludes the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, vector of Huanglongbing (HLB), and large predators. However, small pests and beneficial arthropods such as predatory mites may enter the CUPS. Predatory mites from the family Phytoseiidae attack several economically important pests, especially phytophagous mites common in CUPS. The species assemblage, abundance, and distribution of phytoseiid mites in CUPS and open-air (control) were investigated in Ray Ruby grapefruit from 2018 to 2020. Foliar sprays of chemicals for pest suppression were used in both systems and evaluated for effect on predatory mite populations. In the 2 production systems, a significant peak in the phytoseiid mite population was observed in February 2019 and 2020. This increase coincided with the blooming period of grapefruit, which likely provided pollen as an alternative food. A total of 2,234 specimens of 11 species were identified. Amblyseius tamatavensis Blommers and Typhlodromalus peregrinus (Muma) were dominant in both systems. Amblyseius tamatavensis was slightly more abundant in CUPS (50% of total specimens) than T. peregrinus (47%), while T. peregrinus was prevalent (82%) in open-air compared with A. tamatavensis (16%). Shannon index and evenness were significantly higher in CUPS, but species richness was similar. Chlorpyrifos with abamectin and oil, cyantraniliprole with spirodiclofen, copper, and oil as well as pyridaben alone reduced phytoseiid populations between 87% and 96%. Fenbutatin oxide mixed with copper reduced phytoseiids by 48% in open-air only. Our results demonstrate phytoseiid survival, reproduction, and contribution to biological control in CUPS, despite high temperature and humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie P Demard
- University of Florida, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Ismail Döker
- Cukurova University, Agricultural Faculty, Plant Protection Department, Acarology Laboratory, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Jawwad A Qureshi
- University of Florida, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
- University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology Department, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, FL 34142, USA
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Matelionienė N, Žvirdauskienė R, Kadžienė G, Zavtrikovienė E, Supronienė S. In Vitro Sensitivity Test of Fusarium Species from Weeds and Non-Gramineous Plants to Triazole Fungicides. Pathogens 2024; 13:160. [PMID: 38392898 PMCID: PMC10892909 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium species are common plant pathogens that cause serious crop losses worldwide. Fusarium spp. colonize not only the main host plants, crops, but also alternative hosts. The effectiveness of fungicide use in disease management ranges from very successful to possibly promoting the growth of the pathogen. Triazole fungicides are widely used to control these pathogens due to their broad-spectrum activity and systemic nature. This paper reviews the sensitivity of 40 Fusarium strains isolated from weeds, non-gramineous plants, and spring wheat to metconazole, prothioconazole, and tebuconazole. The effect of fungicides was determined by the percentage inhibition of F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. avenaceum fungal mycelial growth. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of all isolates on metconazole were lower than 2.9 mg L-1, prothioconazole EC50 ranged from 0.12 to 23.6 mg L-1, and tebuconazole ranged from 0.09 to 15.6 mg L-1. At 0.00025-0.025 mg L-1, the fungicides were ineffective, except for the growth of the F. avenaceum species. It was observed that isolates from weeds were more sensitive to low concentrations of fungicide than isolates from crop plants. In general, information is scarce regarding the comparison of fungicide resistance in Fusarium isolates from weed and crop plants, making this study an additional contribution to the existing knowledge base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neringa Matelionienė
- Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kedainiai, Lithuania; (R.Ž.); (E.Z.)
| | - Renata Žvirdauskienė
- Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kedainiai, Lithuania; (R.Ž.); (E.Z.)
| | - Gražina Kadžienė
- Department of Soil and Crop Management, Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kedainiai, Lithuania;
| | - Evelina Zavtrikovienė
- Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kedainiai, Lithuania; (R.Ž.); (E.Z.)
| | - Skaidrė Supronienė
- Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kedainiai, Lithuania; (R.Ž.); (E.Z.)
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Ataide LMS, Vargas G, Velazquez-Hernandez Y, Reyes-Arauz I, Villamarin P, Canon MA, Yang X, Riley SS, Revynthi AM. Efficacy of Conventional and Biorational Insecticides against the Invasive Pest Thrips parvispinus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) under Containment Conditions. Insects 2024; 15:48. [PMID: 38249054 PMCID: PMC10816096 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In 2020, the invasive Thrips parvispinus (Karny) was first detected in Florida, United States. In response to the implemented regulatory restrictions, we conducted laboratory experiments under containment conditions. Thrips larvae and adults were exposed to 32 products (conventional and biorational insecticides) either directly or indirectly. Direct exposure was performed using a Spray Potter Tower, while indirect exposure was conducted by evaluating residue toxicity against the thrips. Water served as a control. We assessed mortality and leaf-feeding damage 48 h post-treatment. Among the conventional insecticides, chlorfenapyr, sulfoxaflor-spinetoram, and spinosad caused high mortality across all stages in both direct and residue toxicity assays. Pyridalyl, acetamiprid, tolfenpyrad, cyclaniliprole-flonicamid, acephate, novaluron, abamectin, cyantraniliprole, imidacloprid, cyclaniliprole, spirotetramat, and carbaryl displayed moderate toxicity, affecting at least two stages in either exposure route. Additionally, chlorfenapyr, spinosad, sulfoxaflor-spinetoram, pyridalyl, acetamiprid, cyclaniliprole, cyclaniliprole-flonicamid, abamectin, and acephate inhibited larvae and adult's leaf-feeding damage in both direct and residue toxicity assays. Regarding biorational insecticides, mineral oil (3%) and sesame oil caused the highest mortality and lowest leaf-feeding damage. Greenhouse evaluations of spinosad, chlorfenapyr, sulfoxaflor-spinetoram, and pyridalyl are recommended. Also, a rotation program incorporating these products, while considering different modes of action, is advised for ornamental growers to avoid resistance and to comply with regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia M. S. Ataide
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; (Y.V.-H.); (I.R.-A.); (P.V.); (M.A.C.)
| | - German Vargas
- New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, Cornell University, Portland, NY 14769, USA;
| | - Yisell Velazquez-Hernandez
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; (Y.V.-H.); (I.R.-A.); (P.V.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Isamar Reyes-Arauz
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; (Y.V.-H.); (I.R.-A.); (P.V.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Paola Villamarin
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; (Y.V.-H.); (I.R.-A.); (P.V.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Maria A. Canon
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; (Y.V.-H.); (I.R.-A.); (P.V.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Xiangbing Yang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL 33158, USA;
| | - Simon S. Riley
- Agronomy Department and IFAS Statistical Consulting Unit, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Alexandra M. Revynthi
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; (Y.V.-H.); (I.R.-A.); (P.V.); (M.A.C.)
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Russo M, Waisen P, Lutgen H, Cheng Z. Field evaluation of organic and synthetic insecticides against the hala scale, Thysanococcus pandani (Hemiptera: Halimococcidae), on Maui, Hawaii. J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:2070-2075. [PMID: 37793043 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The hala scale, Thysanococcus pandani Stickney, is an invasive insect that infests hala trees, Pandanus tectorius, and has recently arrived in the Hawaiian Islands of Maui, Oahu, and Molokai. Hala scale is native to Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore and was accidentally introduced to Maui, with its first detection in Hana in 1995. The hala tree is a frequently planted ornamental plant throughout Hawaii's urban landscape and is also a native tree found in coastal areas of ecological suitability throughout the state. These trees are integral to native Hawaiian weaving traditions, as the leaves were used to make items such as sails, hats, or mats. The spread of T. pandani threatens the continuation of these practices, as the plant material may not be sufficient for weaving. Hala trees infested with T. pandani can have negative effects such as deformation, discoloration, and early tree death. Experimental field trials were set up to evaluate the efficacy of organic and chemical insecticides as potential treatments to mitigate the damage of T. pandani infestations. This was done on the Island of Maui, where T. pandani is widespread. These trees were artificially inoculated with T. pandani and evaluated throughout the trials for changes in plant height, canopy width, scale removal, and visual infestation ratings. The results of 2 repeated field trials indicated that flupyradifurone and buprofezin were effective treatments in the reduction of the hala scale infestation and improving visual aspects related to plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Russo
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Philip Waisen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Hannah Lutgen
- Cooperative Extension, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96732, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Butler RA, Trout Fryxell RT. Management of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) on a cow-calf farm in East Tennessee, USA. J Med Entomol 2023; 60:1374-1379. [PMID: 37738311 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann is an exotic and invasive tick species rapidly expanding across the United States. Large infestations of these ticks on cattle can cause anemia, and in eastern regions of the country, they are transmitting Theileria orientalis Ikeda within herds. Methods for managing H. longicornis in the environment are rarely successful and rely on chemicals. To document population effects from producer management decisions, we investigated the change in H. longicornis populations to different tick management practices chosen by producers at 3 different H. longicornis-infested farms. Farm 1 kept a closed herd, chose to cut brush monthly, used on-animal acaricides, and allowed us to drag weekly. Farm 2 kept an open herd, chose to cut brush yearly, did not use on-animal acaricides, and allowed us to drag for ticks weekly/monthly. Farm 3 kept an open herd, chose to cut brush yearly, used on-animal acaracides, and allowed us to drag for ticks monthly. We assessed H. longicornis populations responding to those methods over time using active surveillance methods at each farm. Management decisions on Farms 1 and 3 significantly reduced H. longicornis on farms. Importantly, Farm 1 management decisions reduced the chance of a tick being present by 90%; the number of questing ticks collected fell from 5,000 to 12 H. longicornis in 2 years. Therefore, combined management strategies such as keeping a closed herd, use of on-animal chemical control, mechanical control, and reducing the amount of vegetation on farms were effective ways for producers to manage Haemaphysalis longicornis Neuman (Ixodidae).
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Butler
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - R T Trout Fryxell
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Walker SJ, Hester M, McCarthy E. The Use of Chemical Control Within Coercive Controlling Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:2730-2753. [PMID: 37661810 PMCID: PMC10557365 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231197579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the use of chemical control by perpetrators as part of coercive controlling intimate partner violence and abuse, defined as the nonconsenting use of prescribed and nonprescribed medication (including vaccines), and/or other substances to coerce or control, reducing the victim-survivor's capacity for independence, freedom, and health. Based on testimonies of 37 victims-survivors and nine domestic abuse practitioners in the UK we identify varying tactics used to chemically coerce and control, deepening our understanding about the continually changing forms of domestic violence and abuse and enhancing the potential for a more robust response through better informed policy and practice.
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Bi Q, Lu F, Wu J, Han X, Wang W, Zhao J. Efficacy of Iminoctadine Trialbesilate and Trifloxystrobin in Inhibiting and Controlling Pear Powdery Mildew ( Phyllactinia pyri) in Hebei Province, China. Plant Dis 2023; 107:3531-3541. [PMID: 37882825 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-23-0406-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Pear powdery mildew (PPM), caused by Phyllactinia pyri, is one of the most serious diseases affecting production in the Hebei pear-growing region of China. Iminoctadine trialbesilate and trifloxystrobin are known to have broad-spectrum activity against a wide range of plant pathogens, including P. pyri. A total of 105 P. pyri strains were isolated from 11 cities in Hebei Province from 2017 to 2019. Iminoctadine trialbesilate and trifloxystrobin significantly inhibited P. pyri growth. Microscopic observation showed that P. pyri mycelia had different degrees of desiccation and that the conidial cell contents had been released. The sensitivities of 60 P. pyri strains to iminoctadine trialbesilate and trifloxystrobin were determined in vitro, and the average EC50 values were 0.5773 ± 0.0014 and 1.2038 ± 0.0010 μg/ml, respectively. The average EC50 values for 85 and 75% of the strains with continuous single peak frequency distributions were 0.4534 ± 0.0012 and 0.8124 ± 0.0039 μg/ml, respectively. These data could be used as the baseline sensitivities of P. pyri to these two fungicides. The maximum difference multiples of the sensitivities of P. pyri strains from the different cities to iminoctadine trialbesilate and trifloxystrobin were 13.5- and 17.2-fold, respectively. Cluster analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between P. pyri sensitivity and geographical origin. The field efficacies in controlling PPM were higher than 85%. These findings can improve how we monitor iminoctadine trialbesilate and trifloxystrobin resistance and improve application efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Bi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in the Northern Region of North China, IPM Center of Hebei Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Fen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in the Northern Region of North China, IPM Center of Hebei Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in the Northern Region of North China, IPM Center of Hebei Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiuying Han
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in the Northern Region of North China, IPM Center of Hebei Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wenqiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in the Northern Region of North China, IPM Center of Hebei Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jianjiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in the Northern Region of North China, IPM Center of Hebei Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding 071000, China
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Barro JP, Del Ponte EM, Allen TW, Bond JP, Faske TR, Hollier CA, Kandel YR, Mueller DS, Kelly HM, Kleczewski NM, Ames KA, Price PP, Sikora EJ, Bradley CA. Efficacy and Profitability of Fungicides for Managing Frogeye Leaf Spot on Soybean in the United States: A 10-Year Quantitative Summary. Plant Dis 2023; 107:3487-3496. [PMID: 37157104 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-23-0291-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Frogeye leaf spot (FLS), caused by Cercospora sojina, is an economically important disease of soybean in the United States. Data from 66 uniform fungicide trials (UFTs) conducted from 2012 to 2021 across eight states (Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee) were gathered and analyzed to determine the efficacy and profitability of the following fungicides applied at the beginning pod developmental stage (R3): azoxystrobin + difenoconazole (AZOX + DIFE), difenoconazole + pydiflumetofen (DIFE + PYDI), pyraclostrobin (PYRA), pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad + propiconazole (PYRA + FLUX + PROP), tetraconazole (TTRA), thiophanate-methyl (TMET), thiophanate-methyl + tebuconazole (TMET + TEBU), and trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole (TFLX + PROT). A network meta-analytic model was fitted to the log of the means of FLS severity data and to the nontransformed mean yield for each treatment, including the nontreated. The percent reduction in disease severity (%) and the yield response (kg/ha) relative to the nontreated was the lowest for PYRA (11%; 136 kg/ha) and the greatest for DIFE + PYDI (57%; 441 kg/ha). A significant decline in efficacy over time was detected for PYRA (18 percentage points [p.p.]), TTRA (27 p.p.), AZOX + DIFE (18 p.p.), and TMET + TEBU (19 p.p.) by using year as a continuous covariate in the model. Finally, probabilities of breaking even were the greatest (>65%) for the most effective fungicide DIFE + PYDI and the lowest (<55%) for PYRA. Results of this meta-analysis may be useful to support decisions when planning fungicide programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan P Barro
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY 42445, U.S.A
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Tom W Allen
- Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS 38776, U.S.A
| | - Jason P Bond
- Department of Plant, Soil Science, and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, U.S.A
| | - Travis R Faske
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, Lonoke Extension Center, University of Arkansas, Lonoke, AR 72086, U.S.A
| | - Clayton A Hollier
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A
| | - Yuba R Kandel
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Heather M Kelly
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN 38301, U.S.A
| | - Nathan M Kleczewski
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - Keith A Ames
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - Paul P Price
- Macon Ridge Research Station, LSU AgCenter, Winnsboro, LA 71295, U.S.A
| | - Edward J Sikora
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, U.S.A
| | - Carl A Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY 42445, U.S.A
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Pagani MK, Johnson TB, Doughty HB, McIntyre KC, Kuhar TP. Burkholderia spp.-based biopesticide controls wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in potatoes. J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:1934-1938. [PMID: 37478407 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are economically significant pests of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), damaging the marketable portion of the crop by feeding and tunneling into tubers. While conventional potato growers use the few registered synthetic insecticides to control wireworms, certified organic growers are left with less options due to the limited effectiveness of the available insecticides. Biologically derived pesticides provide an additional alternative for both systems. Certain gram-negative proteobacteria, such as Burkholderia spp., possess insecticidal compounds. However, very little is known about their efficacy on wireworms. From 2018 to 2021, we conducted experiments in Virginia to assess the efficacy of a Burkholderia spp.-based commercial pesticide, Majestene, as a wireworm control in potatoes. In a lab experiment, soil drench application of this insecticide at a rate of 66 g a.i. per 1 liter resulted in 30% wireworm mortality and significantly reduced wireworm feeding damage on potato tubers. In the field, in-furrow applications of Burkholderia spp. at a rate of 17.66 kg a.i. per ha significantly reduced wireworm damage to tubers in 2 of 7 field experiments conducted. By comparison, the commercial standard insecticide, bifenthrin, significantly reduced tuber damage in 3 of the 7 field experiments. Our study demonstrates the prospect for proteobacteria-derived insecticides for control of wireworms and potentially other soil-dwelling insects. In conclusion, findings present growers with another option to combat wireworm pressure, especially in organic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika K Pagani
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | - Hélène B Doughty
- Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Painter, VA 23420, USA
| | - Kelly C McIntyre
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Thomas P Kuhar
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Trouillas FP, Travadon R, Nouri MT, Lawrence DP. Field Evaluation of Fungicides for the Management of Neofabraea Leaf Lesion of Olive in California. Plant Dis 2023; 107:3079-3084. [PMID: 36995771 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-22-2896-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted during the fall-winter seasons of 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of various fungicides to control Neofabraea leaf lesion of olive. Field trials were conducted in the highly susceptible cultivar Arbosana in a commercial, super-high-density orchard in San Joaquin County, California. Up to eight fungicidal products were applied using an air blast backpack sprayer, and their efficacy was compared with different application strategies. Results showed that most products were effective in reducing infection by the pathogens and limiting disease severity. Overall, best disease control was achieved by thiophanate-methyl, cyprodinil, difenoconazole + cyprodinil, and chlorothalonil, providing up to 75% reduction in disease severity. Copper hydroxide did not control the disease. In 2018 to 2019, the fungicides difenoconazole + cyprodinil and ziram were evaluated in additional field trials using different application strategies (single, dual, and combined applications) suitable for pathogen resistance management. Results showed that both products provided significant reduction in disease severity (∼50%), although no differences in efficacy were found between the two products nor between the different application strategies. Both products performed equally using one or two applications at 2-week intervals following harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent P Trouillas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
| | - Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Mohamed T Nouri
- University of California Cooperative Extension San Joaquin County, Stockton, CA 95206
| | - Daniel P Lawrence
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Godoy DN, Pretto VE, de Almeida PG, Weschenfelder MAG, Warpechowski LF, Horikoshi RJ, Martinelli S, Head GP, Bernardi O. Dose Effects of Flubendiamide and Thiodicarb against Spodoptera Species Developing on Bt and Non-Bt Soybean. Insects 2023; 14:766. [PMID: 37754734 PMCID: PMC10532366 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
An increase in Spodoptera species was reported in Bt soybean fields expressing Cry1Ac insecticidal proteins in Brazil, requiring additional management with chemical insecticides. Here, we evaluated the dose effects of flubendiamide and thiodicarb on Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858), Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782), Spodoptera albula (Walker, 1857) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) that survived on MON 87751 × MON 87708 × MON 87701 × MON 89788, expressing Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2 and Cry1Ac; MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean, expressing Cry1Ac; and non-Bt soybean. On unsprayed Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac soybean, only S. frugiperda showed ~60% mortality after 10 d, whereas S. cosmioides, S. eridania and S. albula showed >81% mortality. The surviving larvae of all species on this Bt soybean showed >80% mortality when exposed to the field label dose of flubendiamide (70 mL/ha) or thiodicarb (400 g/ha) or at 50% of these doses. In contrast, all four species had <25% and <19% mortality on Cry1Ac and non-Bt soybean, respectively. The surviving S. cosmioides, S. eridania and S. albula on these soybean types presented >83% mortality after exposure to both dose levels of flubendiamide and thiodicarb. Some S. frugiperda larvae surviving on Cry1Ac and non-Bt soybean sprayed with a 50% dose of either insecticide developed into adults. However, the L1 larvae developing on Cry1Ac soybean leaves sprayed with flubendiamide and the L2 larvae on this soybean sprayed with thiodicarb had a prolonged immature stage, and the females displayed lower fecundity, which are likely to impact S. frugiperda population growth on soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela N. Godoy
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (D.N.G.); (V.E.P.); (P.G.d.A.); (M.A.G.W.); (L.F.W.)
| | - Venicius E. Pretto
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (D.N.G.); (V.E.P.); (P.G.d.A.); (M.A.G.W.); (L.F.W.)
| | - Poliana G. de Almeida
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (D.N.G.); (V.E.P.); (P.G.d.A.); (M.A.G.W.); (L.F.W.)
| | - Marlon A. G. Weschenfelder
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (D.N.G.); (V.E.P.); (P.G.d.A.); (M.A.G.W.); (L.F.W.)
| | - Luiz F. Warpechowski
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (D.N.G.); (V.E.P.); (P.G.d.A.); (M.A.G.W.); (L.F.W.)
| | | | - Samuel Martinelli
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA; (S.M.); (G.P.H.)
| | - Graham P. Head
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA; (S.M.); (G.P.H.)
| | - Oderlei Bernardi
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (D.N.G.); (V.E.P.); (P.G.d.A.); (M.A.G.W.); (L.F.W.)
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Strickland DA, Spychalla JP, van Zoeren JE, Basedow MR, Donahue DJ, Cox KD. Assessment of Fungicide Resistance via Molecular Assay in Populations of Podosphaera leucotricha, Causal Agent of Apple Powdery Mildew, in New York. Plant Dis 2023; 107:2606-2612. [PMID: 36802297 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-22-2820-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Podosphaera leucotricha, causal agent of apple powdery mildew, is a pathogen endemic worldwide where apples are produced. In the absence of durable host resistance, the disease is most effectively managed in conventional orchards with single-site fungicides. In New York State, increasingly erratic precipitation patterns and warmer temperatures due to climate change may create a regional environment more conducive to apple powdery mildew development and spread. In this scenario, outbreaks of apple powdery mildew may supplant the apple diseases of current management concern: apple scab and fire blight. Presently, there have been no reports from producers of fungicide control failures for apple powdery mildew, though increased disease incidence has been reported to and observed by the authors. As such, action was needed to assess the fungicide resistance status of populations of P. leucotricha to ensure key classes of single-site fungicides (FRAC 3, demethylation inhibitors, DMI; FRAC 11, quinone outside inhibitors, QoI; and FRAC 7, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, SDHI) remain effective. In a 2-year survey (2021 to 2022), we collected 160 samples of P. leucotricha from 43 orchards, representing conventional, organic, low-input, and unmanaged orchards from New York's primary production regions. Samples were screened for mutations in the target genes (CYP51, cytb, and sdhB) historically known to confer fungicide resistance in other fungal pathogens to the DMI, QoI, and SDHI fungicide classes, respectively. Across all samples, no nucleotide sequence mutations that translated into problematic amino acid substitutions were found in the target genes, suggesting that New York populations of P. leucotricha remain sensitive to the DMI, QoI, and SDHI fungicide classes, provided no other fungicide resistance mechanism is at play in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Strickland
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
| | - Jamie P Spychalla
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802
| | - Janet E van Zoeren
- Lake Ontario Fruit Program, Cornell Cooperative Extension, Cornell University, Albion, NY 14411
| | - Michael R Basedow
- Eastern New York Commercial Horticulture Program, Cornell Cooperative Extension, Cornell University, Plattsburgh, NY 12901
| | - Daniel J Donahue
- Eastern New York Commercial Horticulture Program, Cornell Cooperative Extension, Cornell University, Highland, NY 12528
| | - Kerik D Cox
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
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Piovesan B, Contreras Miranda JA, Gonçalves RDS, Daniel Nörnberg S, Bernardi D, Botton M, Nava DE. Lethal and sublethal effects of toxic bait formulations on Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and implications for integrated fruit fly management. J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:855-863. [PMID: 37032527 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of toxic baits has become one of the main methods of management of fruit flies in Brazil. The application of toxic baits may cause side effects on the native parasitoid Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Based on the results, formulations made from the food attractants 3% Biofruit, 1.5% Ceratrap, 1.25% Flyral, 3% Isca Samaritá, 3% Isca Samaritá Tradicional, and 7% sugarcane molasses associated with the Malathion 1000 EC and the ready-to-use toxic bait Gelsura (containing the active ingredient alpha-cypermethrin) were classified as harmful (class 4) to D. areolatus (mortality > 85% at 96 HAE). In contrast, for toxic baits formulated with insecticide phosmet, the mortality ranged from 38% to 72%, classified as slightly harmful or moderately harmful. However, when phosmet was added to the 3% Samaritá Tradicional bait, the mortality was only 3.9% (class 1-harmless), similar to the toxicity observed for the Success 0.02 CB ready-to-use bait (0.24 g a.i. spinosad/l) (<5% mortality). Although toxic baits were formulated with spinosyn-based insecticides, all toxic bait formulations were classified as harmless or slightly harmful (<50% mortality) to D. areolatus, with the exception of 1.5% Ceratrap + spinetoram and 7% Sugarcane molasses + spinosad (≈ 60% mortality-moderately harmful). In addition, these formulations did not show sublethal effects in reducing the parasitism and emergence rate of the F1 generation of D. areolatus in A. fraterculus larvae. The results serve as a basis for the correct use of toxic food baits without affecting the biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Piovesan
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Javier Antonio Contreras Miranda
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Bernardi
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Dori Edson Nava
- Embrapa Clima Temperado, BR-392, km 78, 9° Distrito, Monte Bonito, Caixa Postal 403, CEP 96010-971 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Greene AD, Yang X, Velazquez-Hernandez Y, Vargas G, Kendra PE, Mannion C, Revynthi AM. Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Contact Insecticides and Horticultural Oils on the Hibiscus Bud Weevil, Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Insects 2023; 14:544. [PMID: 37367360 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, the hibiscus bud weevil (HBW), Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was found outside of its native range of Mexico and Texas, infesting hibiscus plants in Florida. Therefore, we selected 21 different insecticide and horticultural oil products to evaluate their effects on the reproductive rate, feeding, and oviposition behavior of the HBW. In laboratory experiments, significant mortality was observed in adult weevils exposed to diflubenzuron-treated hibiscus leaves and buds, and hibiscus buds treated with diflubenzuron contained the fewest number of eggs and feeding/oviposition holes. Among horticultural oil products, significant mortality was only observed in experiments in which adult weevils were directly sprayed (direct experiments). Pyrethrins and spinetoram plus sulfoxaflor reduced the oviposition rate and caused significant mortality in direct experiments. Diflubenzuron, pyrethrins, spinetoram plus sulfoxaflor, and spirotetramat were further tested via contact toxicity experiments and greenhouse experiments. Contact toxicity experiments demonstrated that the tested insecticides (except diflubenzuron) were highly toxic to HBW adults. In greenhouse experiments, only those hibiscus plants treated with pyrethrins had significantly fewer feeding/oviposition holes and larvae within their flower buds when compared to control (water-treated) plants. These results constitute an important first step in the identification of effective chemical control options for the HBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daniel Greene
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Xiangbing Yang
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Yisell Velazquez-Hernandez
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - German Vargas
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Paul E Kendra
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Catharine Mannion
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Alexandra M Revynthi
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL 33031, USA
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Gotta P, Ciampitti M, Cavagna B, Bosio G, Gilioli G, Alma A, Battisti A, Mori N, Mazza G, Torrini G, Paoli F, Santoiemma G, Simonetto A, Lessio F, Sperandio G, Giacometto E, Bianchi A, Roversi PF, Marianelli L. Popillia japonica - Italian outbreak management. Front Insect Sci 2023; 3:1175138. [PMID: 38469512 PMCID: PMC10926379 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1175138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Popillia japonica, a priority pest for the EU, was first detected in Northern Italy in 2014. Since its discovery, the outbreak extended over an area of more than 16,000 square kilometers in Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art of research conducted in Italy on both the spreading capacity and control measures of P. japonica. Chemical, physical, and biological control measures deployed since its detection are presented, by highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. An in-depth study of the ecosystems invaded by P. japonica disclosed the presence and pathogenicity of natural strains of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes, some of which have shown to be particularly aggressive towards the larvae of this pest under laboratory conditions. The Plant Health authorities of the Lombardy and Piedmont regions, with the support of several research institutions, played a crucial role in the initial eradication attempt and subsequently in containing the spread of P. japonica. Control measures were performed in the infested area to suppress adult populations of P. japonica by installing several traps (e.g., for mass trapping, for auto-dissemination of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, and "attract & kill"). For larval control, the infested fields were treated with commercial strains of the entomopathogenic fungus M. anisopliae and nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Future studies will aim at integrating phenological and spread models developed with the most effective control measures, within an ecologically sustainable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gotta
- Settore Fitosanitario e servizi tecnico-scientifici – Piedmont Region, Turin, Italy
| | - Mariangela Ciampitti
- Directorate General (DG) Agricoltura Servizio Fitosanitario Regionale, Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
| | - Beniamino Cavagna
- Directorate General (DG) Agricoltura Servizio Fitosanitario Regionale, Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bosio
- Settore Fitosanitario e servizi tecnico-scientifici – Piedmont Region, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianni Gilioli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Ambiente Territorio Architettura e Matematica (DICATAM), University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Alma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Battisti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazza
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Torrini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Paoli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Santoiemma
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Simonetto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Ambiente Territorio Architettura e Matematica (DICATAM), University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federico Lessio
- Settore Fitosanitario e servizi tecnico-scientifici – Piedmont Region, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sperandio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Ambiente Territorio Architettura e Matematica (DICATAM), University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Giacometto
- Settore Fitosanitario e servizi tecnico-scientifici – Piedmont Region, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bianchi
- Directorate General (DG) Agricoltura Servizio Fitosanitario Regionale, Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
| | - Pio Federico Roversi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Marianelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Florence, Italy
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21
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Beckerman J, Palmer C, Tedford E, Ypema H. Fifty Years of Fungicide Development, Deployment, and Future Use. Phytopathology 2023; 113:694-706. [PMID: 37137816 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-22-0399-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant disease management has not significantly changed significantly in the past 50 years, even as great strides have been made in the understanding of fungal biology and the etiology of plant disease. Issues of climate change, supply chain failures, war, political instability, and exotic invasives have created even more serious implications for world food and fiber security, and the stability of managed ecosystems, underscoring the urgency for reducing plant disease-related losses. Fungicides serve as the primary example of successful, widespread technology transfer, playing a central role in crop protection, reducing losses to both yield and postharvest spoilage. The crop protection industry has continued to improve upon previous fungicide chemistries, replacing active ingredients lost to resistance and newly understood environmental and human health risks, under an increasingly stricter regulatory environment. Despite decades of advances, plant disease management continues to be a constant challenge that will require an integrated approach, and fungicides will continue to be an essential part of this effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Beckerman
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - C Palmer
- IR-4 Project, Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Cream Ridge, NJ 08514-9634
| | | | - H Ypema
- UPL Services LLC, Durham, NC 27709
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22
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Vieira JGA, Santana EDR, Thiesen LV, Matioli TF, Yamamoto PT. Effect of Systemic Insecticides Applied via Drench on the Mortality of Diaphorina citri on Curry Leaf. Insects 2023; 14:insects14050422. [PMID: 37233050 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), the most serious disease in citriculture, is caused by the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter spp., which is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri. HLB is mainly controlled with insecticides, necessitating the development of alternative methods, e.g., the use of trap plants such as curry leaf Bergera koenigii, which is highly attractive to the ACP. We evaluated the effects of the main systemic insecticides used by citrus growers, applied via drench to adults of D. citri on the curry leaf tree. We tested the persistence of three pesticides: thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole, and imidacloprid in protected cultivation and the field condition at 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 98, and 154 days after the application. Different concentrations of insecticides containing the active ingredient thiamethoxam were tested on adults to determine the LC10 and LC50. Finally, we assessed the sublethal effects on the oviposition and development of D. citri. The insecticides controlled the adults for long periods. However, in the field experiment, from 42 days after application there was a decrease in mortality caused by pesticides applied via drench, while in the protected cultivation, mortality did not decline until the last day of evaluation. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for thiamethoxam was 0.031 g of active ingredient per plant, and for thiamethoxam in a mixture, the LC50 was 0.028 g a.i. per plant. In the experiment with sublethal doses, D. citri did not oviposit on the treated plants. Our findings suggest that the attract-and-kill system using the curry leaf tree and systemic insecticides is effective for the control of D. citri and contributes to the integrated management of HLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gabriela Aleixo Vieira
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Emile Dayara Rabelo Santana
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Vinicius Thiesen
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Thaís Fagundes Matioli
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Takao Yamamoto
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
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23
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Momotaz R, Alam KM, Arifunnahar M, Islam MN, Alam MM, Hossain MM, Siddique SS. Colletotrichum siamense leaf blight/spot: Characterization of a newly identified disease on Cinnamomum tamala. J Basic Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 37026422 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum tamala (bay leaf) is widely used for culinary and medicinal purposes in South Asia. A leaf blight/spot disease was first discovered on nearly 90% of C. tamala plants with a mean severity of 48% to 74.4% in Gazipur and Bogura, Bangladesh, in 2019. The present study identified and characterized the causal organism and formulated the optimum growth conditions and effective fungicides for the chemical control of the pathogen. The characteristic symptoms on the infected leaves appeared circular to oval reddish-brown spots with raised margins and often developed in tear-stain patterns. Severe infection of C. tamala sapling resulted in dieback symptoms with leaf defoliation. A fungus with floccose, dense, white colonies with well-differentiated acervuli was isolated from the infected leaves. Combined cultural, morphological, and molecular characteristics identified the pathogen as Colletotrichum siamense. Inculcating healthy leaves and 1-year-old saplings of C. tamala with a conidial suspension of the fungus reproduced the same symptoms observed in the bay leaf orchard. The highest mycelial growth was recorded on V-8 Juice Agar media, while the maximum radial mycelial growth and level of sporulation of the fungus were significantly higher in incubation temperature 30°C. Fungicide trials showed that carbendazim 50 WP, azoxystrobin, mancozeb, and trifloxystrobin, either singly or in combination, successfully reduced fungal mycelial growth in vitro. Therefore, disease management strategies should be opted to halt the further spread of this issue. To our knowledge, this is the first study to document the incidence of Colletotrichum leaf blight on C. tamala in Bangladesh and even in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Momotaz
- Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Khondoker M Alam
- Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Most Arifunnahar
- Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md N Islam
- Seed Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md M Alam
- Crops Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md M Hossain
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh S Siddique
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh
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24
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Gelain J, Lykins S, Rosa PF, Soares AT, Dowling M, Schnabel G, May De Mio LL. Identification and Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum spp. from Apple Flowers and Fruitlets in Brazil. Plant Dis 2023; 107:1183-1191. [PMID: 36256738 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-22-0243-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) and bitter rot (BR), caused by Colletotrichum spp., are major diseases on apple in southern Brazil. Among integrated pest management tools for disease management in commercial orchards, fungicides remain an important component. This study aimed to identify Colletotrichum spp. from cultivar Eva in Paraná state orchards; evaluate their in vitro sensitivity to cyprodinil, tebuconazole, iprodione, and fluazinam; and determine the baseline in vitro sensitivity of these isolates to benzovindiflupyr and natamycin. Most isolates belonged to Colletotrichum melonis and C. nymphaeae of the C. acutatum species complex. The two species varied in sensitivity to fluazinam and tebuconazole, but no variability was found for any other fungicide. The lowest 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of Colletotrichum spp. were observed for cyprodinil (mean EC50 < 0.02) and benzovindiflupyr (mean EC50 < 0.05); EC50 values were intermediate for fluazinam (mean EC50 < 0.33) and tebuconazole (mean EC50 < 0.14), and they were highest for natamycin (mean EC50 < 5.56) and iprodione (mean EC50 > 12). Cyprodinil and fluazinam are registered for use in Brazil for apple disease management but not specifically for GLS and BR. Tebuconazole is one of the few products registered for Colletotrichum spp. control in apples. In conclusion, flowers and fruitlets can serve as sources of inoculum for GLS and BR disease; C. acutatum was the predominant species complex in these tissues; cyprodinil and fluazinam applications may suppress GLS and BR; and benzovindiflupyr and natamycin warrant further investigation for GLS and BR disease control of apple due to comparably high in vitro sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhulia Gelain
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Protection, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Sydney Lykins
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, U.S.A
| | - Pâmela Franciella Rosa
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Protection, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Alex Teixeira Soares
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Protection, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Madeline Dowling
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, U.S.A
| | - Guido Schnabel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, U.S.A
| | - Louise Larissa May De Mio
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Protection, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil
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25
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Wang N, Scherm H. Key Discoveries in Plant Pathology During the Past Half Century: Impacts on the Life Sciences and on Plant Disease Management. Phytopathology 2023; 113:588-593. [PMID: 37116465 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-23-0070-kd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathology plays a critical role in safeguarding plant health, food security, and food safety through science-based solutions to protect plants against recurring and emerging diseases. In addition, plant pathology contributed significantly to basic discoveries that have had broad impacts on the life sciences beyond plant pathology. In December 2021, The American Phytopathological Society (APS) conducted a survey among its members and among the readership of its journals to identify and rank key discoveries in plant pathology that have had broad impacts on science and/or practical disease management during the past half century. Based on the responses received, key discoveries that have broadly impacted the life sciences during that period include the Agrobacterium Ti plasmid and its mechanism in T-DNA transfer, bacterial ice nucleation, cloning of resistance genes, discovery of viroids, effectors and their mechanisms, pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity, RNA interference and gene silencing, structure and function of R genes, transcription activator-like effectors, and type-III secretion system and hrp/hrc. Major advances that significantly impacted practical disease management include the deployment and management of host resistance genes; the application of disease models and forecasting systems; the introduction of modern systemic fungicides and host resistance inducers, along with a better understanding of fungicide resistance mechanisms and management; and the utilization of biological controls and suppressive soils, including the implementation of methyl-bromide alternatives. In this special issue, experts from the pertinent fields review the discovery process, recent progress, and impacts of some of the highest ranked discoveries in each category while also pointing out future directions for new discoveries in fundamental and applied plant pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
| | - Harald Scherm
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605
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26
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Lira R, do Nascimento DV, Barbosa PRR, Simmons AM, Torres JB. Predation performance and survival of susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant Eriopis connexa Germar (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to insecticides used in brassica crops. Pest Manag Sci 2023. [PMID: 36905633 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective insecticides and insecticide-resistant natural enemies are components of chemical and biological methods that can be compatible in an integrated pest management (IPM) program. Many insecticides that are labeled for treatment against insects in Brassica crops have lost their efficacy because of the development of resistance. However, natural enemies can provide an important role in regulating the population of these pests. RESULTS Survival of Eriopis connexa populations was >80% when exposed to insecticides, except for EcFM exposed to indoxacarb and methomyl. Bacillus thuringiensis, cyantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr and spinosad caused high mortality of P. xylostella larvae, but neither affected E. connexa survival nor its predation upon L. pseudobrassicae. Cyantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, deltamethrin and methomyl caused high mortality of L. pseudobrassicae, but did not affect E. connexa survival nor its predation upon P. xylostella larvae. According to the differential selectivity index and the risk quotient, chlorfenapyr and methomyl were more toxic to P. xylostella larvae than to E. connexa, whereas indoxacarb was more toxic to E. connexa. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the insecticides B. thuringiensis, cyantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, deltamethrin, chlorfenapyr, spinosad, azadiracthin and spiromesifen are compatible with insecticide-resistant adult E. connexa within an IPM program in Brassica crops. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Lira
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Roberto Ramos Barbosa
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - Campus Unaí, Unaí, Brazil
| | - Alvin M Simmons
- U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Charleston, USA
| | - Jorge Braz Torres
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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27
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Lee CY, Wang C, Su NY. Perspective on Biology and Management of Bed Bugs: Introduction. J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:1-4. [PMID: 36226901 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bed bugs are an important group of medical and urban insect pests. They are obligate blood-feeders. Their bites may cause skin irritation and allergic reactions and, under some circumstances, may lead to mental and other health issues. Despite numerous discoveries on the biology of these obnoxious pests and progress in control strategies over the last two decades, bed bugs continue to preferentially plague those from low socioeconomic communities because the poor generally could not afford effective control options. As a result, such infestations in poorer communities serve as a reservoir for wider society. This Special Collection of the Perspective on Biology and Management of Bed Bugs presents nine original research papers on bed bug detection, insecticide performance and resistance, nonchemical treatment, fungal biopesticides, and pest management procurement and contracts. We hope that these investigative findings will spur research on safer, more affordable, and effective control options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chow-Yang Lee
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Changlu Wang
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Nan-Yao Su
- Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA
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28
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Abstract
Bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are an important group of obligate hematophagous urban insect pests. The global resurgence of bed bugs, involving the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., and the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.), over the past two decades is believed to be primarily due to the development of insecticide resistance, along with global travel and poor pest management, which have contributed to their spread. This review examines and synthesizes the literature on bed bug origins and their global spread and the literature on historical and contemporary control options. This includes bed bug prevention, detection and monitoring, nonchemical and chemical control methodologies (and their limitations), and potential future control options. Future research needs are highlighted, especially the factors behind the modern resurgence, the necessity of identifying differences between the two bed bug species relevant to control, and the need to improve insecticide test protocols and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Doggett
- Department of Medical Entomology, NSW Health Pathology-ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Chow-Yang Lee
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA;
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29
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Ofuya TI, Okunlola AI, Mbata GN. A Review of Insect Pest Management in Vegetable Crop Production in Nigeria. Insects 2023; 14:111. [PMID: 36835680 PMCID: PMC9963591 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Insect pest infestations and damage can limit the production of vegetables in the farming systems in Nigeria. This review looks at integrated insect pest management as a possible panacea for resolving insect pest issues in vegetable crops. The main vegetable crops which include okra, tomatoes, chilli peppers, cucumbers, green amaranth, carrots and onions are highlighted. The major insect pests of the various vegetables which include foliage beetles, caterpillars, aphids, fruit flies, stink bugs, and grasshoppers are also mentioned. The various control measures that have been empirically verified for the mitigation of the impact of these insect pests, including the application of synthetic insecticides, modification of agronomic practices, use of resistant varieties, application of botanicals, biological and mechanical controls, are discussed. Studies which have been carried out attempting to integrate two or more of the control strategies for better insect pest control are also reviewed. Strategies that can be put in place for the integrated pest management of vegetable insect pests in Nigeria are considered. Among the IPM (Integrated Pest Management) practices instituted for the mitigation of pest infestations on vegetable crops in Nigeria, intercropping of suitable vegetables in combination with the application of aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica and Piper guineense seeds under good farm hygiene and sanitation proved to be most successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I. Ofuya
- Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, Akure PMB 704, Nigeria
| | - Adeyela I. Okunlola
- Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, Akure PMB 704, Nigeria
| | - George N. Mbata
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, 1005 State University Drive, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
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30
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do Carmo DG, Costa TL, Santana Júnior PA, Santana WC, Marsaro Júnior AL, Pereira PS, Santos AA, Picanço MC. Efficacy and Residual Toxicity of Insecticides on Plutella xylostella and Their Selectivity to the Predator Solenopsis saevissima. Insects 2023; 14:98. [PMID: 36835668 PMCID: PMC9962412 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy and residual toxicity of nine commercial insecticides on Plutella xylostella and their selectivity to the predator ant Solenopsis saevissima under laboratory and field conditions. First, to test the insecticides' effectiveness and selectivity, we conducted concentration-response bioassays on both species and the mortalities were recorded 48 h after exposure. Next, rapeseed plants were sprayed following label rate recommendations in the field. Finally, insecticide-treated leaves were removed from the field up to 20 days after application and both organisms were exposed to them as in the first experiment. Our concentration-response bioassay indicated that seven insecticides caused mortality ≥80% of P. xylostella: bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, indoxacarb, spinetoram, and spinosad. However, only chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole caused mortality ≤30% of S. saevissima. The residual bioassay indicated that four insecticides had a long-lasting effect, causing mortality of 100% to P. xylostella 20 days after application: chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, spinetoram, and spinosad. For S. saevissima, bifenthrin caused mortality of 100% during the evaluated period. Additionally, mortality rates below 30% occurred four days after the application of spinetoram and spinosad. Thus, chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole are safe options for P. xylostella management since their efficacy favor S. saevissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane G. do Carmo
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago L. Costa
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Weyder C. Santana
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Poliana S. Pereira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Abraão A. Santos
- West Florida Research and Education Center, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32565, USA
| | - Marcelo C. Picanço
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
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31
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Schierenbeck M, Fleitas MC, Simón MR. The Interaction of Fungicide and Nitrogen for Aboveground Biomass from Flag Leaf Emergence and Grain Yield Generation under Tan Spot Infection in Wheat. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:212. [PMID: 36616343 PMCID: PMC9824645 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs., the causal agent of tan spot, is one of the most serious biotic diseases affecting wheat worldwide (Triticum aestivum L.). Studying the interaction between different fungicide mixtures and nitrogen (N) rates under tan spot outbreaks is of key importance for reducing aboveground biomass and grain yield losses. Taking this into account, our study took a mechanistic approach to estimating the combined effect of different fungicides and N fertilization schemes on the severity of tan spot, green leaf area index, SPAD index, aboveground biomass dynamics, and yield in a wheat crop affected at the reproductive stage. Our results indicated that reductions in green leaf area, healthy area duration (HAD), and the chlorophyll concentration (SPAD index) due to increases in the percentage of damage led to decreases in biomass production (-19.2%) and grain yield (-48.1%). Fungicides containing triazole + strobilurin + carboxamides (TSC) or triazole + strobilurin (TS) combined with high N doses showed the most efficient disease control. The positive physiological effects of TSC fungicides, such as extending the green leaf area, are probably responsible for the greater production of aboveground biomass (+29.3%), as well as the positive effects on grain yield (+15.8%) with respect to TS. Both fungicide treatments increased grains per spike, kernel weight, spikes m-2, grains m-2, and grain yield. The increase in biomass in the TSC tended to cause slighter non-significant increases in grains per spike, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield compared with TS. The linear regression revealed positive associations among the extension of HAD and biomass (+5.88 g.m-2.HAD-1.day-1), grain yield (+38 kg.ha.HAD-1.day-1), and grain number (100.7 grains m2.HAD-1.day-1), explained by the interactions of high N doses and fungicides. Our study is the first report of the positive effect of TSC fungicides with high N doses on grain yield related-traits under tan spot infections in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Schierenbeck
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstr 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
- Cereals, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, National University of La Plata. Av.60 y 119, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- CONICET CCT La Plata. Calle 8 Nº 1467, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - María Constanza Fleitas
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - María Rosa Simón
- Cereals, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, National University of La Plata. Av.60 y 119, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- CONICET CCT La Plata. Calle 8 Nº 1467, La Plata 1900, Argentina
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Tang LD, Guo LH, Ali A, Desneux N, Zang LS. Synergism of Adjuvants Mixed With Spinetoram for the Management of Bean Flower Thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Cowpeas. J Econ Entomol 2022; 115:2013-2019. [PMID: 36178344 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) is an economically important insect pest of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp in south China. Spinetoram is a newly available commercial active ingredient in the spinosyn mode of action group of insecticides that has been recommended for thrips management in China. In this study, the toxicity and efficacy of spinetoram for controlling M. usitatus were evaluated and compared to six other conventional insecticides. In addition, the synergistic effects of adjuvants (Silwet 806, Silwet 618, AgroSpred 910, and AgroSpred Prime) mixed with spinetoram for thrips control on cowpea were evaluated in both the laboratory and the field. Results of this study showed that spinetoram had higher toxicity and field efficacy of M. usitatus than other tested insecticides. A significant increase in efficacy was observed when spinetoram was applied at a recommended rate of 0.67 ml/L, mixed with Silwets (806 and 618) at the rate of 0.5 ml/L. Reductions of 50% and 40% in thrips infestation in the field over treatments without adjuvants were observed 3- and 7-days posttreatments, respectively. However, no significant reduction of M. usitatus was recorded when spinetoram was mixed with AgroSpreds (910 and Prime). Furthermore, no significant differences were found in thrips infestation between spinetoram sprayed alone at the rate of 0.67 ml/L and a reduced rate of spinetoram (0.45 ml/L) mixed with Silwets (806 and 618). The current research shows that Silwets mixed with spinetoram has a synergistic effect in the management of thrips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-De Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Hang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, P.R. China
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Lian-Sheng Zang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
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Neupane K, Ghimire B, Baysal-Gurel F. Efficacy and Timing of Application of Fungicides, Biofungicides, Host-Plant Defense Inducers, and Fertilizer to Control Phytophthora Root Rot of Flowering Dogwood in Simulated Flooding Conditions in Container Production. Plant Dis 2022; 106:3109-3119. [PMID: 35596248 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-22-0437-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora root rot, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, is one of the major diseases of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.). The severity of root rot disease increases when the plants are exposed to flooding conditions. A study was conducted to determine the efficacy and timing of application of different fungicides, biofungicides, host-plant defense inducers, and fertilizer to manage Phytophthora root rot in month-old seedlings in simulated flooding events for 1, 3, and 7 days. Preventative treatments were drench applied 3 weeks and 1 week before flooding whereas curative treatments were applied 24 h after flooding. Dogwood seedlings were inoculated with P. cinnamomi 3 days before the flooding. Plant height and width were recorded at the beginning and end of the study. At the end of the study, plant total weight and root weight were recorded and disease severity in the root was assessed using a scale of 0 to 100%. Root samples were plated using PARPH-V8 medium to determine the percent recovery of the pathogen. Empress Intrinsic, Pageant Intrinsic, Segovis, and Subdue MAXX, as preventative and curative applications, were able to suppress the disease severity compared with the inoculated control in all flooding durations. All treatments, with the exception of Stargus as a preventative application 3 weeks before flooding and Orkestra Intrinsic as a curative application, were able to suppress the disease severity compared with the inoculated control for a 1-day flooding event. Aliette and ON-Gard were effective in the first trial when applied preventatively at both 1 week and 3 weeks before flooding but not in the second trial. Signature Xtra was effective as a preventative application but not as a curative application. Interface was effective as a curative application but not as a preventative application. The findings of this study will help nursery growers to understand the performance of fungicides, biofungicides, host-plant defense inducers, and fertilizer at different time intervals and repeated applications to manage Phytophthora root rot in flooding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Neupane
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN
| | - Bhawana Ghimire
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN
| | - Fulya Baysal-Gurel
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN
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Bianchini A, Dutra de Moraes PV, Domanski Jakubski J, Adami PF, Bernardi Rankrape C, Rossi P. Influence of cover crops with allelopathic potential and their reduction of herbicide use for soybean productivity. J Environ Sci Health B 2022; 57:890-896. [PMID: 36444491 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2133510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The allelophaty expressed by soil cover crops over weed varies according to species, quality and quantity of material produced. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of cover crops and in the management of weeds and their effects on soybean yield. The experiment was laid in tri-factorial randomized block design with four replication. Factor A was cover crops (oats, forage chicory, quinoa and fallow), factor B was application of paraquat 400 g i.a ha-1, glyphosate 1200 g i.a ha-1 and mowing and factor C was one and two applications of post-emergent herbicide (glyphosate). For cover crops, the percentage of soil cover was evaluated at 53 DAE (days after emergence) of soybean. Weed species and their densities at 53 DAE of soybean were identified. At the end of the experiment, soybean yield was evaluated. The data were analyzed by the F test and comparison between means by the Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). Oats are the best option for weed inhibition and early soybean development. Quinoa and forage chicory were slow to cover the soil, but weed inhibition occurred. There were no large variations in post-emergence herbicide applications, which made possible to reduce an application without compromising the expected result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bianchini
- Professor at Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois VizinhosBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Rossi
- Professor at Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois VizinhosBrazil
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Hayasaka D, Hiraiwa MK, Maebara Y, Seko Y. Acute toxicity of fipronil to an invasive ant, Lepisiota frauenfeldi. J Pestic Sci 2022; 47:208-212. [PMID: 36514688 PMCID: PMC9716042 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d22-049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Slow-acting fipronil is one of the best components for controlling invasive ants. However, its efficacy against invasive Lepisiota frauenfeldi, which recently invaded Japan, remains unclear. Here, its acute toxicity to Le. frauenfeldi was assessed, and its lethal concentrations were compared with those against other invasive ants (Linepithema humile and Solenopsis invicta). The LC10 and LC50 values of fipronil for Le. frauenfeldi were significantly lower than the previously reported values for Li. humile and/or S. invicta, and its LC90 value against Le. frauenfeldi was in the same range as that required for Li. humile extermination. Additionally, Le. frauenfeldi can be more sensitive to fipronil than non-target arthropods. Therefore, recent fipronil-based Li. humile and S. invicta eradication/control programs may be effective against Le. frauenfeldi as well. Moreover, applying fipronil at dosages appropriate for Le. frauenfeldi would lead to effective Le. frauenfeldi extermination/control with low damage to other native species/ants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Maebara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Yugo Seko
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
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Palma-Bautista C, Vázquez-García JG, Osuna MD, Garcia-Garcia B, Torra J, Portugal J, De Prado R. An Asp376Glu substitution in ALS gene and enhanced metabolism confers high tribenuron-methyl resistance in Sinapis alba. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1011596. [PMID: 36438121 PMCID: PMC9692003 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1011596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides (group 2) have been widely applied for the last 20 years to control Sinapis alba in cereal crops from southern Spain. In 2008, a tribenuron-methyl (TM) resistant (R) S. alba population was first reported in a cereal field in Malaga (southern Spain). In 2018, three suspected R S. alba populations (R1, R2 and R3) to TM were collected from three different fields in Granada (southern Spain, 100 km away from Malaga). The present work aims to confirm the putative resistance of these populations to TM and explore their resistance mechanisms. Dose-response assays showed that the R1, R2 and R3 populations ranging between 57.4, 44.4 and 57.1 times more resistance to TM than the susceptible population (S). A mutation in the ALS gene (Asp376Glu) was detected in the Rs S. alba populations. 14C-metabolism studies show that metabolites and TM were changing significantly faster in the R than in the S plants. Alternative chemical control trials showed that 2,4-D and MCPA (auxin mimics), glyphosate (enolpyruvyl shikimate phosphate synthase,EPSPS, inhibitor-group 9), metribuzin (PSII inhibitors/Serine 264 Binders, -group 5) and mesotrione (hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase, HPPD, inhibitor-group 27) presented a high control of the four populations of S. alba tested, both S and R. Based on these results, it is the first case described where the Asp376Glu mutation and P450-mediated metabolism participates in resistance to TM in S. alba. Comparing these results with those found in the S. alba population in Malaga in 2008, where the resistance was TSR type (Pro197Ser), we can suggest that despite the geographical proximity (over 100 km), the resistance in these cases was due to different evolutionary events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria D. Osuna
- Plant Protection Department, Scientific and Technological Research Centre of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Blanca Garcia-Garcia
- Plant Protection Department, Scientific and Technological Research Centre of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Joel Torra
- Department of Hortofructiculture, Botany and Gardening, Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joao Portugal
- Biosciences Department, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, Beja, Portugal
| | - Rafael De Prado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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37
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Navarrete-Carballo J, Chan-Espinoza D, Palacio-Vargas J, González-Olvera G, Che-Mendoza A, Martin-Park A, Manrique-Saide P. Insecticide Susceptibility Tests of Aedes taeniorhynchus in Yucatan, Mexico. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2022; 38:224-225. [PMID: 35839270 DOI: 10.2987/19-6898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report results of susceptibility tests for Aedes taeniorhynchus from 2 localities of Yucatan State, Mexico, to different insecticides. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassays were performed using the active ingredients of 3 pyrethroids, 2 organophosphates, and 1 carbamate: permethrin (15 μg/ml), deltamethrin (10 μg/ml), alpha-cypermethrin (10 μg/ml), malathion (50 μg/ml), chlorpyrifos (85 μg/ml), and bendiocarb (12.5 μg/ml). The mortality recorded at the diagnostic time of exposure (30 min) was 100% with all insecticides evaluated and for both populations. These results suggest complete susceptibility to the 3 chemical groups generally used for urban Ae. aegypti mosquito control.
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Takeshita V, Carvalho LB, Galhardi JA, Munhoz-Garcia GV, Pimpinato RF, Oliveira HC, Tornisielo VL, Fraceto LF. Development of a Preemergent Nanoherbicide: From Efficiency Evaluation to the Assessment of Environmental Fate and Risks to Soil Microorganisms. ACS Nanosci Au 2022; 2:307-323. [PMID: 37102067 PMCID: PMC10125138 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles based on biodegradable polymers have been shown to be excellent herbicide carriers, improving weed control and protecting the active ingredient in the crop fields. Metribuzin is often found in natural waters, which raises environmental concerns. Nanoencapsulation of this herbicide could be an alternative to reduce its losses to the environment and improve gains in its efficiency. However, there is a paucity of information about the behavior of nanoformulations of herbicides in environmental matrices. In this study, the stability of nanoencapsulated metribuzin in polymeric nanoparticles (nanoMTZ) was verified over time, as well as its dissipation in different soils, followed by the effects on soil enzymatic activity. The physiological parameters and control effects of nanoMTZ on Ipomoea grandifolia plants were investigated. No differences were verified in the half-life of nanoencapsulated metribuzin compared to a commercial formulation of the herbicide. Moreover, no suppressive effects on soil enzymatic activities were observed. The retention of nanoMTZ in the tested soils was lower compared to its commercial analogue. However, the mobility of nanoencapsulated metribuzin was not greatly increased, reflecting a low risk of groundwater contamination. Weed control was effective even at the lowest dose of nanoMTZ (48 g a.i. ha-1), which was consistent with the higher efficiency of nanoMTZ compared to the conventional herbicide in inhibiting PSII activity and decreasing pigment levels. Overall, we verified that nanoMTZ presented a low environmental risk, with increased weed control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Takeshita
- Center
of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University
of São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bragança Carvalho
- Institute
of Science and Technology, São Paulo
State University (UNESP), Av. Três de Março
511, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Aparecida Galhardi
- Institute
of Science and Technology, São Paulo
State University (UNESP), Av. Três de Março
511, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Floriano Pimpinato
- Center
of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University
of São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Halley Caixeta Oliveira
- Department
of Animal and Plant Biology, State University
of Londrina, PR 445,
km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo
- Center
of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University
of São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- Institute
of Science and Technology, São Paulo
State University (UNESP), Av. Três de Março
511, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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Torres JB, Rolim GG, Arruda LS, Dos Santos MP, Leite SA, Neves RCDS. Insecticides in Use and Risk of Control Failure of Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Brazilian Cerrado. Neotrop Entomol 2022; 51:613-627. [PMID: 35708900 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00971-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growers rely on synthetic insecticides to control the boll weevil throughout the reproductive cotton stage. An average of 19.6 insecticide applications (range: 10 to 30) for control of boll weevil were found in a survey with growers in the Brazilian Cerrado, covering an area of 494,100 hectares of cotton. Twenty-one insecticides were applied, with 64.8% of the applications made with malathion, fipronil, carbosulfan, and thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin. These four insecticides were used by 100, 76, 70, and 62% of the growers, with respectively 7.2, 2.1, 1.8, and 1.6 applications. Growers classified their boll weevil control achieved into four categories (fair, good, very good, or excellent), without correlation between these categories with the number of insecticide applications. Control of cotton regrowth and volunteer cotton plants were the major obstacles for effective boll weevil management, followed by the low efficacy of insecticides. Five registered insecticides to spray cotton against other pests than boll weevil were enlisted by growers with potential for recommendation. A boll weevil standard population for susceptibility was assayed with 27 insecticides and the results presented within a failure risk quotient (FRQ). The FRQ of eight, six, and 13 of the 27 tested insecticides was high, intermediate, and low, respectively. The high FRQ included 7 of 10 pyrethroid formulations, pymetrozine, and methomyl. On the opposite end, fipronil had the lowest FRQ value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Braz Torres
- Depto de Agronomia - Entomologia, Univ Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Lucas Souza Arruda
- Depto de Agronomia - Entomologia, Univ Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mateus Pereira Dos Santos
- Depto de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Univ Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitoria da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Suzany Aguiar Leite
- Depto de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Univ Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitoria da Conquista, BA, Brazil
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Parada-Rojas CH, Quesada-Ocampo LM. Phytophthora capsici Populations Are Structured by Host, Geography, and Fluopicolide Sensitivity. Phytopathology 2022; 112:1559-1567. [PMID: 35124972 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-21-0403-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora capsici epidemics are propelled by warm temperatures and wet conditions. With temperatures and inland flooding in many locations worldwide expected to rise as a result of global climate change, understanding of population structure can help to inform management of P. capsici in the field and prevent devastating epidemics. Thus, we investigated the effect of host crop, geographical origin, fungicide sensitivity, and mating type on shaping the population structure of P. capsici in the eastern United States. Our fungicide in vitro assays identified the emergence of insensitive isolates for fluopicolide and mefenoxam. A set of 12 microsatellite markers proved informative to assign 157 P. capsici isolates to five distinct genetic clusters. Implementation of Bayesian structure, population differentiation, genetic diversity statistics, and index of association analysis, allowed us to identify population structure by host with some correspondence with genetic clusters for cucumber and squash isolates. We found weak population structure by state for geographically close isolates. In this study, we discovered that North Carolina populations stratify by fluopicolide sensitivity with insensitive isolates experiencing nonrandom mating. Our findings highlight the need for careful monitoring of local field populations, improved selection of relevant isolates for breeding efforts, and hypervigilant surveillance of resistance to different fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo H Parada-Rojas
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613
| | - Lina M Quesada-Ocampo
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613
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Liu X, Zhang L, Yu Y, Qian C, Li C, Wei S, Li C, Gu W. Nitrogen and Chemical Control Management Improve Yield and Quality in High-Density Planting of Maize by Promoting Root-Bleeding Sap and Nutrient Absorption. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:754232. [PMID: 35812983 PMCID: PMC9260249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.754232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-density planting aggravates competition among plants and has a negative impact on plant growth and productivity. Nitrogen application and chemical control can improve plant growth and increase grain yield in high-density planting. Our experiment explored the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and plant growth regulators on maize root-bleeding sap, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) accumulation and translocation, and grain yield and quality in high-density planting. We established a field study during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons, with three nitrogen levels of N100 (100 kg ha-1), N200 (200 kg ha-1), and N300 (300 kg ha-1) at high-density planting (90,000 plants ha-1), and applied Yuhuangjin (a plant growth regulator mixture of 3% DTA-6 and 27% ethephon) at the 7th leaf. Our results showed that N200 application combined with chemical control could regulate amino acid and mineral nutrient concentration delivery rates in root-bleeding sap and improve its sap rate. Also, the treated plant exhibited higher P and K uptake and translocation ability. Furthermore, chemical control and N200 treatment maintained a high level of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), nitrate reductase (NR), and glutamine synthetase (GS) enzymatic activities in leaves. In addition, plant growth regulator and nitrogen application improved the enzymatic activities of GS, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and the contents of crude protein, lysine, sucrose, and soluble sugar in grain and ultimately increased maize yield. This study suggests that N200 application in combination with chemical control promotes root vitality and nutrient accumulation and could improve grain yield and quality in high-density planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Institute of Maize Research, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chunrong Qian
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Congfeng Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Wei
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Caifeng Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wanrong Gu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Wang A, Zhao Y, Zhang M, Yuan J, Liu W, Fan J, Hu X, Zhou Y. The Quantitative Analyses for the Effects of Two Wheat Varieties With Different Resistance Levels on the Fungicide Control Efficacies to Powdery Mildew. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:864192. [PMID: 35651769 PMCID: PMC9149294 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.864192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Effective strategies to reduce the occurrence of wheat powdery mildew include the use of resistant varieties and application of fungicides. However, most studies rarely focus on the quantitative value of fungicide reduction using resistant varieties. To explore how the fungicides performed on different resistant wheat varieties to powdery mildew, field experiments were conducted during wheat growing seasons in 2018/19 and 2019/20 to investigate the control efficacies of enostroburin⋅epoxiconazole 18% SC and triadimefon 20% EC to wheat powdery mildew on a highly resistant wheat variety ("Baofeng104") and a highly susceptible wheat variety ("Jingshuang16"). The analyses of variance on control efficacies showed that the control efficacies of enostroburin⋅epoxiconazole 18% SC to wheat powdery mildew were mostly significantly higher than triadimefon 20% EC under the same conditions (i.e., varieties, dosages). However, both fungicide and variety resistance made variabilities in the mildew disease index and played a significant role in mildew management. Particularly, the variety resistance made the greatest contribution in mildew-reducing, and the disease index could significantly be reduced on the highly resistant variety even in the absence of fungicide treatment. The control efficacies to mildew on the highly susceptible variety mainly depended on the high efficiency of fungicides whereas the highly resistant variety were mainly by virtue of variety resistance through the comparative analyses of linear regression models. Furthermore, the random-coefficient regression models and quantile models quantificationally expounded that the relationships between active ingredient dosage and disease index or control efficacy varied from the effects of variety, fungicide, and year, particular from variety. Thus, a dosage reference table of enostroburin⋅epoxiconazole 18% SC or triadimefon 20% EC for different resistant wheat varieties were provided; it would be helpful for users to formulate an appropriate dosage of fungicide on mildew management in the field and avoid overusing or superfluous application. Further study needs to consider the effects of fungicide reduction on wheat yields, only then the maximum-economic benefits on mildew management can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Meihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhai Yuan
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jieru Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang H, Liu T, Zhao W, Liu X, Sun M, Su P, Wen J. Reduced Invasiveness of Common Ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Using Low-Dose Herbicide Treatments for High-Efficiency and Eco-Friendly Control. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:861806. [PMID: 35646043 PMCID: PMC9133841 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.861806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is an invasive annual weed that invades heavily disturbed habitats and natural habitats less disturbed by human activities with native plant species in need of protection. Achieving effective control of A. artemisiifolia for the protection of native organisms and the local ecological environment is an ongoing challenge. Based on the growth and development characteristics of A. artemisiifolia, we examined the effectiveness of herbicides in controlling this species and the optimal time for application in the field with the aim of reducing herbicide dosage. Additionally, we analyzed whether the efficiency of low-dose applications for controlling this species might improve with increasing native plant species richness. Our findings indicate that aminopyralid (33 g ai ha-1) was the most suitable herbicide for chemical control of A. artemisiifolia, with optimum application time being during vegetative growth (BBCH 32-35). Application of aminopyralid was found to kill approximately 52% of A. artemisiifolia plants, and more than 75% of the surviving plants did not bloom, thereby reducing seed yield of the population by more than 90%. Compared with the application of high-dose herbicide, the phytotoxicity of aminopyralid to native plants at the applied dose was substantially reduced. After 2 years of application, the relative coverage of A. artemisiifolia significantly decreased, with few plants remaining, whereas the relative coverage of native plants more than doubled, representing an eco-friendly control. Further, there was an increase in the A. artemisiifolia control rate in the plant community with higher native plant species richness at the same herbicide rates and a reduction in seed yield of A. artemisiifolia. Our findings help toward developing control measures to reduce the invasiveness of A. artemisiifolia with low-dose herbicides meanwhile protecting native plants, and then using the species richness of native plant communities to indirectly promote the effectiveness of low-dose herbicide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Wang
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhao
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xuelian Liu
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Pei Su
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Office of Locust and Rodent Control Headquarters of Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Yining, China
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Zhang L, Sun K, Li Y, Ma T, Zhang Y, Yin Y, Zhang S, Shao W. The Importin FgPse1 Is Required for Vegetative Development, Virulence, and Deoxynivalenol Production by Interacting with the Nuclear Polyadenylated RNA-Binding Protein FgNab2 in Fusarium graminearum. Phytopathology 2022; 112:1072-1080. [PMID: 34784736 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-21-0357-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Karyopherins are involved in transport through nuclear pore complexes. Karyopherins are necessary for nuclear import and export pathways and bind to their cargos. Polyadenylation of messenger RNA (mRNA) is necessary for various biological processes, regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. Until now, the association of karyopherin with mRNA polyadenylation has been less understood in plant pathogenic fungi. In our study, we focused on the biological functions of the karyopherin FgPse1 in Fusarium graminearum. The results showed that FgPse1 is involved in mycelial growth, asexual reproduction, virulence, and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. Co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation showed that FgPse1 interacts with the nuclear polyadenylated RNA-binding protein FgNab2. Moreover, a fluorescence localization assay indicated that FgPse1 is necessary for the nuclear import of FgNab2. The nuclear import of FgNab2 regulates the expression of FgTri4, FgTri5, and FgTri6, which are essential for DON production. Thus, ΔFgPse1 and ΔFgNab2 showed consistent defects in DON production. In summary, our data indicated that FgPse1 is necessary for mycelial growth, virulence, and DON production, interacting with FgNab2 in F. graminearum. These results contribute to our understanding of the functions of importins in phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kewei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tianling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Crop Protection, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanni Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- National Agro-technology Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Wenyong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Steinhaus EA, Warpechowski LF, Braga LE, Morin M, Tenório C, Boff JS, Bernardi O, Farias JR. Intra- and Interspecific Variation in the Susceptibility to Insecticides of Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) That Attack Soybean and Maize in Southern Brazil. J Econ Entomol 2022; 115:631-636. [PMID: 35244181 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated intra- and interspecific variation regarding the susceptibility to insecticides of key pentatomid pests of soybean (Glycine max L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) crops in Brazil. To perform bioassays, populations of Euschistus heros (F.), Diceraeus (=Dichelops) furcatus (F.), Nezara viridula (L.), and Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were collected in soybean fields in Southern Brazil during the 2020/2021 crop season. Then, stink bugs were exposed to doses of commercial insecticides commonly applied for its control in dip-test bioassays using fresh green bean pods. In general, all stink bug species and populations studied were susceptible to acephate, acetamiprid + bifenthrin, imidacloprid + bifenthrin, and ethiprole, with mortality rates > 80%. Most populations of E. heros and D. furcatus, considered the main stink bugs that attack soybean and maize, respectively, presented low or intermediate susceptibility to acetamiprid + α-cypermethrin, ζ-cypermethrin + bifenthrin, dinotefuran + λ-cyhalothrin, and bifenthrin + carbosulfan. Except for bifenthrin + carbosulfan (mortality < 57%), secondary stink bugs species that attack soybean (N. viridula and P. guildinii) showed pronounced susceptibility to all insecticides tested, with mortality rates > 70%. In summary, the populations of E. heros and D. furcatus showed diminished susceptibility to various insecticides formulated with the mixture of neonicotinoids + pyrethroids, whereas N. viridula and P. guildinii were most susceptible to the insecticides evaluated. The implications of these findings to integrated and resistance management programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Steinhaus
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões (URI), Universidade das missões avenue 464, Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul 98802-470, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Warpechowski
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões (URI), Universidade das missões avenue 464, Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul 98802-470, Brazil
| | - Luiz E Braga
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões (URI), Universidade das missões avenue 464, Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul 98802-470, Brazil
| | - Manuel Morin
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões (URI), Universidade das missões avenue 464, Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul 98802-470, Brazil
| | - Camila Tenório
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões (URI), Universidade das missões avenue 464, Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul 98802-470, Brazil
| | - Jéssica S Boff
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Oderlei Bernardi
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano R Farias
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões (URI), Universidade das missões avenue 464, Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul 98802-470, Brazil
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Falconí CE, Yánez-Mendizábal V. Available Strategies for the Management of Andean Lupin Anthracnose. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:654. [PMID: 35270124 PMCID: PMC8912773 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) is a legume domesticated and cultivated for more than 4000 years by the pre-Hispanic cultures of the Andean zone. Due to its good taste and protein content, the lupin seed contributes significantly to the food and nutritional security of the Andean population. However, lupin is susceptible to diseases, and of these, anthracnose is the most devastating as it affects the whole crop, including leaves, stems, pods, and seeds. This review focuses on available strategies for management of lupin anthracnose from sowing to harvest. Seed disinfection is the primary anthracnose management strategy. Seed treatment with fungicides reduces transmission from seed to seedling, but it does not eradicate anthracnose. Attention is given to alternative strategies to limit this seed-borne pathogen as well as to enhance plant resistance and to promote plant growth. For anthracnose management in the field, integrated practices are discussed that encompass control of volunteer plants, lupin ontogenetic resistance, and rotation of biocontrol with chemical fungicides at susceptible phenological stages. This review covers some local experiences on various aspects of anthracnose management that could prove useful to other the groups focusing on the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- César E. Falconí
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Carrera de Ingeniería Agropecuaria, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE), Av. General Ruminahui s/n, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador
| | - Viviana Yánez-Mendizábal
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Carrera de Ingeniería en Agroindustrias, Universidad de las Américas, Quito 170503, Ecuador
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Barroso G, Pazini JB, Iost Filho FH, Barbosa DPL, de Paiva ACR, Matioli TF, Yamamoto PT. Are Pesticides Used to Control Thrips Harmonious with Soil-Dwelling Predatory Mite Cosmolaelaps sabelis (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae)? J Econ Entomol 2022; 115:151-159. [PMID: 34791336 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Edaphic predatory mites could be introduced in pest management programs of pests that live, or spend part of their life cycle, in the soil. Some mesostigmatic mites have been widely used for the management of different species of thrips (Thysanoptera), especially in protected cultivation. The edaphic predator Cosmolaelaps sabelis (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) was a model species in this study, being exposed to the most applied insecticides for the control of thrips in Brazil. After lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects were evaluated. The pesticides acephate, acetamiprid + etofenprox, azadirachtin, spinetoram, formetanate hydrochloride, and imidacloprid were classified according to the IOBC/WPRS (International Organization for Biological Control-West Paleartic Regional Section) recommendation, considering the acute toxicity and the effects on adult females' reproduction, in the maternal and first generation. The pesticides acetamiprid + etofenprox and azadirachtin were classified as slightly harmful (Class 2), while spinetoram was classified as moderately harmful (Class 3). Acephate and formetanate hydrochloride were classified as harmful (Class 4). Only imidacloprid didn't cause negative effects on the females. Regarding effects on the first generation, acetamiprid + etofenprox, azadirachtin, and spinetoram caused reduction in the oviposition rates. Therefore, we suggest that complimentary bioassays should be done under semi-field and field conditions using the pesticides that were considered harmful in this study, to assess their effects on this predator in other environments prior to recommending not to use them in integrated programs to manage soil-based pests using chemical and biological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Barroso
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J B Pazini
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F H Iost Filho
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D P L Barbosa
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C R de Paiva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T F Matioli
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P T Yamamoto
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silva Junior GJ, Moraes MR, Moreira RR, Behlau F. Tree age and cultivar-oriented use of mineral oil added to fungicide tank mixture for the control of citrus black spot in sweet orange orchards. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:488-498. [PMID: 34545998 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mineral oil added to fungicide spray mixtures has been a frequently used strategy to control citrus black spot (CBS) worldwide. Although mineral oil may increase the efficacy of control, its use represents around 15% of the costs of a CBS spray program. This study aimed to assess the performance of different proportions of mineral oil added to a fungicide tank mixture for CBS control in young (less than 10 years old) and old (more than 12 years old) sweet orange orchards of early ('Hamlin'), mid-season ('Pera') and late-maturing ('Valencia') cultivars in São Paulo state, Brazil. The efficacy of 0.15%, 0.20% or 0.25% mineral oil added to a fungicide spray mixture was determined by assessing CBS incidence, severity and fruit drop in six orchards over two seasons. RESULTS Fungicide programs with or without oil were effective in reducing 100% CBS symptom expression in both young and old 'Hamlin' orchards and in the young 'Pera' orchard. The lowest mineral oil rate tested (0.15%) showed a reduction in CBS intensity of around 90%, similar to the highest rate tested in the old 'Pera' orchard. The highest cost-benefit program to control CBS in the old 'Valencia' orchard was obtained with the mineral oil rate of 0.25%, commonly used in the São Paulo citrus belt, which reduced CBS severity by up to 97%. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that mineral oil rates for CBS control can be adjusted according to tree age and cultivar. These findings contribute to the establishment of more sustainable citrus production by reducing spray costs while maintaining the efficacy of CBS control. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mário Roberto Moraes
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura - Fundecitrus, Araraquara, Brazil
- MRM Consultoria Agronômica, Conchal, Brazil
| | | | - Franklin Behlau
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura - Fundecitrus, Araraquara, Brazil
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Alquézar B, Carmona L, Bennici S, Miranda MP, Bassanezi RB, Peña L. Cultural Management of Huanglongbing: Current Status and Ongoing Research. Phytopathology 2022; 112:11-25. [PMID: 34645319 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-21-0358-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), formerly known as greening, is a bacterial disease restricted to some Asian and African regions until two decades ago. Nowadays, associated bacteria and their vectors have spread to almost all citrus-producing regions, and it is currently considered the most devastating citrus disease. HLB management can be approached in terms of prevention, limiting or avoiding pathogen and associated vectors to reach an area, or in terms of control, trying to reduce the impact of the disease by adopting different cultural strategies depending on infestation/infection levels. In both cases, control of psyllid populations is currently the best way to stop HLB spread. Best cultural actions (CHMAs, TPS system) to attain this goal and, thus, able to limit HLB spread, and ongoing research in this regard is summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Alquézar
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Vila Melhado, 14807-040 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Carmona
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Stefania Bennici
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcelo P Miranda
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Renato B Bassanezi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Leandro Peña
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Vila Melhado, 14807-040 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
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50
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Yan X, Yuan H, Chen Y, Shi X, Liu X, Wang Z, Liu Y, Yang D. Broadcasting of tiny granules by drone to mimic liquid spraying for the control of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:43-51. [PMID: 34405509 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is an invasive pest. Maize is one of its preferred host plants. The traditional application of granules has been effective for the control of FAW. Nevertheless, the challenge is to develop an application method that is less labor-intensive and also efficient. RESULTS Tiny granules in the size range of 0.38-0.55 mm were prepared by the centrifugal granulation method for drone application. The in-swath distribution patterns of granules deposited on sticky tapes were similar to the distribution of aqueous droplets through drone spraying. In the range of 1.5-3.5 m, a relatively higher aircraft height of flight can provide a more uniform distribution pattern of deposited granules, but resulted in less deposit of tiny granules in the whorl of maize plants. Similarly, the deposit of granules in the whorl of maize plants significantly decreased when the flight speed increased from 4 to 6 m s-1 . Granules gathered in the whorl accounted for 50.8-58.7% of total granules deposited in the maize canopy. The field experiment demonstrates granular formulations (containing 0.25% chlorantraniliprole + 0.15% emamectin benzoate, or higher concentrations) can provide better and longer duration of FAW control than the aqueous spray formulation at the whorl stage of maize plants. CONCLUSION Broadcasting of tiny granules by drone can provide better FAW control than liquid spray. The architecture of the maize plant and the downward airstream of the drone create favorable conditions for the deposition of granules in whorls. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhu Yuan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Shi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aviation Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anyang, China
| | - Daibin Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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