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de Lima RMT, Dos Reis AC, de Oliveira Santos JV, de Oliveira Ferreira JR, Lima Braga A, de Oliveira Filho JWG, de Menezes AAPM, da Mata AMOF, de Alencar MVOB, do Nascimento Rodrigues DC, Pinheiro Ferreira PM, de Jesus Aguiar Dos Santos Andrade T, Ramos Gonçalves JC, Carneiro da Silva FC, de Castro E Sousa JM, de Carvalho Melo Cavalcante AA. Toxic, cytogenetic and antitumor evaluations of [6]-gingerol in non-clinical in vitro studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108873. [PMID: 31003079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingerol - [6]-gingerol ((S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-decanone; [6]-G) - is a phenolic compound with several pharmacological properties. Herein, the aim of the study was to evaluate the toxicogenic effects of [6]-G on Artemia salina nauplii, Allium cepa, HL-60 cell line and Sarcoma 180 (S-180) ascitic fluid cells.For toxic and genotoxic analysis, it was used [6]-G concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg mL-1. For cytotoxic evaluation using the MTT test (3- [4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), serial [6]-G dilutions (1.56-100 μg mL-1) were performed, and S-180, HL-60 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were treated for 72 h. The IC50 of [6]-G were 1.14, 5.73 and 11.18 μg mL-1 for HL-60, S-180 and PBMC, respectively, indicating a possible selectivity against tumor cell lines. At higher concentrations (>10 μg mL-1), toxicity and genotoxicity were observed in the A. cepa test, especially at 40 μg mL-1. Mechanisms indicating apoptosis, such as toxicity, cytotoxicity and nuclear abnormalities (bridges, fragments, delays, loose chromosomes and micronuclei) suggest that [6]-G has potential for antitumor pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosália Maria Tôrres de Lima
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Antonielly Campinho Dos Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - José Victor de Oliveira Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Lima Braga
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | - Ag-Anne Pereira Melo de Menezes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Ferreira da Mata
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | - Juan Carlos Ramos Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Piauí, 64607-670, Brazil.
| | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo Cavalcante
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
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Evaluation of anticancer activity of Cordia dichotoma leaves against a human prostate carcinoma cell line, PC3. J Tradit Complement Med 2016; 7:315-321. [PMID: 28725626 PMCID: PMC5506664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of antioxidant and apoptosis induction may be involved in the management of cancer by medicinal plants. Aim of the study was designed to evaluate anticancer activity of the methanolic extract of Cordia dichotoma leaves (MECD) against a human prostate carcinoma cell line, PC3. Flavonoid content was determined by colorimetric principle and antioxidant activity by various in vitro assays. MTT, DCFH-DA and DAPI staining assays were performed for the evaluation of cytotoxicity, analysis of induction of apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity level by MECD against human prostate carcinoma cell line, PC3. Flavonoid content was found to be 160 mg QE/g extract. IC50 values for MECD treatment in various assays based on scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylenebenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), nitric oxide, peroxy radical, superoxide anion, hydroxy radical were found to be 315.5, 38, 476, 523, 197, 82 μg/ml respectively. MECD exposure to PC3 cells significantly increased the cell death (p < 0.001, IC50 = 74.5 μg/ml), nuclear condensation, apoptosis (p < 0.001) and induced production of ROS (p < 0.001) initiating apoptotic cascade in a dose dependent manner. This study confirms that MECD possesses antioxidant property and can prevent carcinogenesis by reducing oxidative stress. MECD possesses anticancer activity and lead to PC3 cell death via induction of apoptosis mediated through excessive ROS generation. Flavonoids in MECD may be responsible for these activities due to dual antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties.
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