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Wilkerson JL, Tatum SM, Holland WL, Summers SA. Ceramides are fuel gauges on the drive to cardiometabolic disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1061-1119. [PMID: 38300524 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are signals of fatty acid excess that accumulate when a cell's energetic needs have been met and its nutrient storage has reached capacity. As these sphingolipids accrue, they alter the metabolism and survival of cells throughout the body including in the heart, liver, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, brain, and kidney. These ceramide actions elicit the tissue dysfunction that underlies cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis, and heart failure. Here, we review the biosynthesis and degradation pathways that maintain ceramide levels in normal physiology and discuss how the loss of ceramide homeostasis drives cardiometabolic pathologies. We highlight signaling nodes that sense small changes in ceramides and in turn reprogram cellular metabolism and stimulate apoptosis. Finally, we evaluate the emerging therapeutic utility of these unique lipids as biomarkers that forecast disease risk and as targets of ceramide-lowering interventions that ameliorate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Wilkerson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sean M Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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2
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Choi EK, Rajendiran TM, Soni T, Park JH, Aring L, Muraleedharan CK, Garcia-Hernandez V, Kamada N, Samuelson LC, Nusrat A, Iwase S, Seo YA. The manganese transporter SLC39A8 links alkaline ceramidase 1 to inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4775. [PMID: 38839750 PMCID: PMC11153611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The metal ion transporter SLC39A8 is associated with physiological traits and diseases, including blood manganese (Mn) levels and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The mechanisms by which SLC39A8 controls Mn homeostasis and epithelial integrity remain elusive. Here, we generate Slc39a8 intestinal epithelial cell-specific-knockout (Slc39a8-IEC KO) mice, which display markedly decreased Mn levels in blood and most organs. Radiotracer studies reveal impaired intestinal absorption of dietary Mn in Slc39a8-IEC KO mice. SLC39A8 is localized to the apical membrane and mediates 54Mn uptake in intestinal organoid monolayer cultures. Unbiased transcriptomic analysis identifies alkaline ceramidase 1 (ACER1), a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism, as a potential therapeutic target for SLC39A8-associated IBDs. Importantly, treatment with an ACER1 inhibitor attenuates colitis in Slc39a8-IEC KO mice by remedying barrier dysfunction. Our results highlight the essential roles of SLC39A8 in intestinal Mn absorption and epithelial integrity and offer a therapeutic target for IBD associated with impaired Mn homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Choi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thekkelnaycke M Rajendiran
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tanu Soni
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luisa Aring
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Young Ah Seo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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3
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Casasampere M, Ung J, Iñáñez A, Dufau C, Tsuboi K, Casas J, Tan SF, Feith DJ, Andrieu-Abadie N, Segui B, Loughran TP, Abad JL, Fabrias G. A fluorogenic substrate for the detection of lipid amidases in intact cells. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100520. [PMID: 38369184 PMCID: PMC10956054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid amidases of therapeutic relevance include acid ceramidase (AC), N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase, and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Although fluorogenic substrates have been developed for the three enzymes and high-throughput methods for screening have been reported, a platform for the specific detection of these enzyme activities in intact cells is lacking. In this article, we report on the coumarinic 1-deoxydihydroceramide RBM1-151, a 1-deoxy derivative and vinilog of RBM14-C12, as a novel substrate of amidases. This compound is hydrolyzed by AC (appKm = 7.0 μM; appVmax = 99.3 nM/min), N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (appKm = 0.73 μM; appVmax = 0.24 nM/min), and FAAH (appKm = 3.6 μM; appVmax = 7.6 nM/min) but not by other ceramidases. We provide proof of concept that the use of RBM1-151 in combination with reported irreversible inhibitors of AC and FAAH allows the determination in parallel of the three amidase activities in single experiments in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Casasampere
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johnson Ung
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alejandro Iñáñez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carine Dufau
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Josefina Casas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain
| | - Su-Fern Tan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David J Feith
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Segui
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - José Luis Abad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Fabrias
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain; Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)'s Cancer Hub, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Issleny BM, Jamjoum R, Majumder S, Stiban J. Sphingolipids: From structural components to signaling hubs. Enzymes 2023; 54:171-201. [PMID: 37945171 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In late November 2019, Prof. Lina M. Obeid passed away from cancer, a disease she spent her life researching and studying its intricate molecular underpinnings. Along with her husband, Prof. Yusuf A. Hannun, Obeid laid down the foundations of sphingolipid biochemistry and oversaw its remarkable evolution over the years. Lipids are a class of macromolecules that are primarily associated with cellular architecture. In fact, lipids constitute the perimeter of the cell in such a way that without them, there cannot be cells. Hence, much of the early research on lipids identified the function of this class of biological molecules as merely structural. Nevertheless, unlike proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, lipids are elaborately diverse as they are not made up of monomers in polymeric forms. This diversity in structure is clearly mirrored by functional pleiotropy. In this chapter, we focus on a major subset of lipids, sphingolipids, and explore their historic rise from merely inert structural components of plasma membranes to lively and necessary signaling molecules that transmit various signals and control many cellular processes. We will emphasize the works of Lina Obeid since she was an integral pillar of the sphingolipid research world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul M Issleny
- Department of Pharmacy, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Rama Jamjoum
- Department of Pharmacy, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | | | - Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine.
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5
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Pokrovsky VS, Ivanova-Radkevich VI, Kuznetsova OM. Sphingolipid Metabolism in Tumor Cells. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:847-866. [PMID: 37751859 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923070015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a diverse family of complex lipids typically composed of a sphingoid base bound to a fatty acid via amide bond. The metabolism of sphingolipids has long remained out of focus of biochemical studies. Recently, it has been attracting an increasing interest of researchers because of different and often multidirectional effects demonstrated by sphingolipids with a similar chemical structure. Sphingosine, ceramides (N-acylsphingosines), and their phosphorylated derivatives (sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide-1-phosphates) act as signaling molecules. Ceramides induce apoptosis and regulate stability of cell membranes and cell response to stress. Ceramides and sphingoid bases slow down anabolic and accelerate catabolic reactions, thus suppressing cell proliferation. On the contrary, their phosphorylated derivatives (ceramide-1-phosphate and sphingosine-1-phosphate) stimulate cell proliferation. Involvement of sphingolipids in the regulation of apoptosis and cell proliferation makes them critically important in tumor progression. Sphingolipid metabolism enzymes and sphingolipid receptors can be potential targets for antitumor therapy. This review describes the main pathways of sphingolipid metabolism in human cells, with special emphasis on the properties of this metabolism in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim S Pokrovsky
- People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia.
| | | | - Olga M Kuznetsova
- People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
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6
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El Malki K, Wehling P, Alt F, Sandhoff R, Zahnreich S, Ustjanzew A, Wilzius C, Brockmann MA, Wingerter A, Russo A, Beck O, Sommer C, Ottenhausen M, Frauenknecht KBM, Paret C, Faber J. Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitors Induce Ceramide Accumulation and Sensitize H3K27 Mutant Diffuse Midline Glioma to Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9905. [PMID: 37373053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
H3K27M mutant (mut) diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a lethal cancer with no effective cure. The glycosphingolipids (GSL) metabolism is altered in these tumors and could be exploited to develop new therapies. We tested the effect of the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors (GSI) miglustat and eliglustat on cell proliferation, alone or in combination with temozolomide or ionizing radiation. Miglustat was included in the therapy protocol of two pediatric patients. The effect of H3.3K27 trimethylation on GSL composition was analyzed in ependymoma. GSI reduced the expression of the ganglioside GD2 in a concentration and time-dependent manner and increased the expression of ceramide, ceramide 1-phosphate, sphingosine, and sphingomyelin but not of sphingosine 1-phosphate. Miglustat significantly increased the efficacy of irradiation. Treatment with miglustat according to dose recommendations for patients with Niemann-Pick disease was well tolerated with manageable toxicities. One patient showed a mixed response. In ependymoma, a high concentration of GD2 was found only in the presence of the loss of H3.3K27 trimethylation. In conclusion, treatment with miglustat and, in general, targeting GSL metabolism may offer a new therapeutic opportunity and can be administered in close proximity to radiation therapy. Alterations in H3K27 could be useful to identify patients with a deregulated GSL metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalifa El Malki
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pia Wehling
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesca Alt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Translational Oncology Mainz (HI-TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zahnreich
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arsenij Ustjanzew
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carolin Wilzius
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc A Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arthur Wingerter
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexandra Russo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Beck
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Clemens Sommer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Malte Ottenhausen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin B M Frauenknecht
- Helmholtz-Institute for Translational Oncology Mainz (HI-TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Claudia Paret
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Translational Oncology Mainz (HI-TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Research Center of Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Faber
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Translational Oncology Mainz (HI-TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Liu J, Cheng C, Qi T, Xiao J, Zhou W, Deng D, Dai Y. ACER2 forms a cold tumor microenvironment and predicts the molecular subtype in bladder cancer: Results from real-world cohorts. Front Genet 2023; 14:1148437. [PMID: 36936425 PMCID: PMC10014737 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1148437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: ACER2 is a critical gene regulating cancer cell growth and migration, whereas the immunological role of ACER2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is scarcely reported. Thus, we lucubrate the potential performance of ACER2 in bladder cancer (BLCA). Methods: We initially compared ACER2 expressions in BLCA with normal urothelium tissues based on data gathered from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and our Xiangya cohort. Subsequently, we systematically explored correlations between ACER2 with immunomodulators, anti-cancer immune cycles, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoints and the T-cell inflamed score (TIS) to further confirm its immunological role in BLCA TME. In addition, we performed ROC analysis to illustrate the accuracy of ACER2 in predicting BLCA molecular subtypes and explored the response to several cancer-related treatments. Finally, we validated results in an immunotherapy cohort and Xiangya cohort to ensure the stability of our study. Results: Compared with normal urinary epithelium, ACER2 was significantly overexpressed in several cell lines and the tumor tissue of BLCA. ACER2 can contribute to the formation of non-inflamed BLCA TME supported by its negative correlations with immunomodulators, anti-cancer immune cycles, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoints and the TIS. Moreover, BLCA patients with high ACER2 expression were inclined to the luminal subtype, which were characterized by insensitivity to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy but not to immunotherapy. Results in the IMvigor210 and Xiangya cohort were consistent. Conclusion: ACER2 could accurately predict the TME and clinical outcomes for BLCA. It would be served as a promising target for precision treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunliang Cheng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiezheng Qi
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiatong Xiao
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weimin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dingshan Deng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Dingshan Deng, ; Yuanqing Dai,
| | - Yuanqing Dai
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Dingshan Deng, ; Yuanqing Dai,
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8
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Mouse Models for Application in Colorectal Cancer: Understanding the Pathogenesis and Relevance to the Human Condition. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071710. [PMID: 35885015 PMCID: PMC9313309 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant disease that is the second most common cancer worldwide. CRC arises from the complex interactions among a variety of genetic and environmental factors. To understand the mechanism of colon tumorigenesis, preclinical studies have developed various mouse models including carcinogen-induced and transgenic mice to recapitulate CRC in humans. Using these mouse models, scientific breakthroughs have been made on the understanding of the pathogenesis of this complex disease. Moreover, the availability of transgenic knock-in or knock-out mice further increases the potential of CRC mouse models. In this review, the overall features of carcinogen-induced (focusing on azoxymethane and azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium) and transgenic (focusing on ApcMin/+) mouse models, as well as their mechanisms to induce colon tumorigenesis, are explored. We also discuss limitations of these mouse models and their applications in the evaluation and study of drugs and treatment regimens against CRC. Through these mouse models, a better understanding of colon tumorigenesis can be achieved, thereby facilitating the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies against CRC.
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9
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Janneh AH, Ogretmen B. Targeting Sphingolipid Metabolism as a Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2183. [PMID: 35565311 PMCID: PMC9104917 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules that have key roles in regulating tumor cell death and survival through, in part, the functional roles of ceramide accumulation and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) production, respectively. Mechanistic studies using cell lines, mouse models, or human tumors have revealed crucial roles of sphingolipid metabolic signaling in regulating tumor progression in response to anticancer therapy. Specifically, studies to understand ceramide and S1P production pathways with their downstream targets have provided novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. In this review, we present recent evidence of the critical roles of sphingolipids and their metabolic enzymes in regulating tumor progression via mechanisms involving cell death or survival. The roles of S1P in enabling tumor growth/metastasis and conferring cancer resistance to existing therapeutics are also highlighted. Additionally, using the publicly available transcriptomic database, we assess the prognostic values of key sphingolipid enzymes on the overall survival of patients with different malignancies and present studies that highlight their clinical implications for anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Hollings Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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10
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Walsh SC, Miles JR, Keel BN, Rempel LA, Wright-Johnson EC, Lindholm-Perry AK, Oliver WT, Pannier AK. Global analysis of differential gene expression within the porcine conceptus transcriptome as it transitions through spherical, ovoid, and tubular morphologies during the initiation of elongation. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:175-201. [PMID: 35023252 PMCID: PMC9305853 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify transcriptome differences between distinct or transitional stage spherical, ovoid, and tubular porcine blastocysts throughout the initiation of elongation. We performed a global transcriptome analysis of differential gene expression using RNA‐Seq with high temporal resolution between spherical, ovoid, and tubular stage blastocysts at specific sequential stages of development from litters containing conceptus populations of distinct or transitional blastocysts. After RNA‐Seq analysis, significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways were identified between distinct morphologies or sequential development stages. Overall, 1898 significant DEGs were identified between distinct spherical and ovoid morphologies, with 311 total DEGs between developmental stages throughout this first morphological transition, while 15 were identified between distinct ovoid and tubular, with eight total throughout these second morphological transition developmental stages. The high quantity of DEGs and pathways between conceptus stages throughout the spherical to ovoid transition suggests the importance of gene regulation during this first morphological transition for initiating elongation. Further, extensive DEG coverage of known elongation signaling pathways was illustrated from spherical to ovoid, and regulation of lipid signaling and membrane/ECM remodeling across these early conceptus stages were implicated as essential to this process, providing novel insights into potential mechanisms governing this rapid morphological change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Walsh
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jeremy R Miles
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Brittney N Keel
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Lea A Rempel
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | | | | | | | - Angela K Pannier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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11
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Manifold Roles of Ceramide Metabolism in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:157-168. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Chung LH, Liu D, Liu XT, Qi Y. Ceramide Transfer Protein (CERT): An Overlooked Molecular Player in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13184. [PMID: 34947980 PMCID: PMC8705978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a class of essential lipids implicated in constructing cellular membranes and regulating nearly all cellular functions. Sphingolipid metabolic network is centered with the ceramide-sphingomyelin axis. Ceramide is well-recognized as a pro-apoptotic signal; while sphingomyelin, as the most abundant type of sphingolipids, is required for cell growth. Therefore, the balance between these two sphingolipids can be critical for cancer cell survival and functioning. Ceramide transfer protein (CERT) dictates the ratio of ceramide to sphingomyelin within the cell. It is the only lipid transfer protein that specifically delivers ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, where ceramide serves as the substrate for sphingomyelin synthesis. In the past two decades, an increasing body of evidence has suggested a critical role of CERT in cancer, but much more intensive efforts are required to draw a definite conclusion. Herein, we review all research findings of CERT, focusing on its molecular structure, cellular functions and implications in cancer. This comprehensive review of CERT will help to better understand the molecular mechanism of cancer and inspire to identify novel druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hoa Chung
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.L.); (X.T.L.)
| | | | | | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.L.); (X.T.L.)
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13
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Jiang C, Cheong LZ, Zhang X, Ali AH, Jin Q, Wei W, Wang X. Dietary Sphingomyelin Metabolism and Roles in Gut Health and Cognitive Development. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:S2161-8313(22)00073-4. [PMID: 34549256 PMCID: PMC8970835 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) is a widely occurring sphingolipid that is a major plasma membrane constituent. Milk and dairy products are rich SM sources, and human milk has high SM content. Numerous studies have evaluated the roles of SM in maintaining cell membrane structure and cellular signal transduction. There has been a growing interest in exploring the role of dietary SM, especially from human milk, in imparting health benefits. This review focuses on recent publications regarding SM content in several dietary sources and dietary SM metabolism. SM digestion and absorption are slow and incomplete and mainly occur in the middle sections of the small intestine. This review also evaluates the effect of dietary SM on gut health and cognitive development. Studies indicate that SM may promote gut health by reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption in adults. However, there has been a lack of data supporting clinical trials. An association between milk SM and neural development is evident before childhood. Hence, additional studies and well-designed randomized controlled trials that incorporate dietary SM evaluation, SM metabolism, and its long-term functions on infants and children are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Jiang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Abdelmoneim H Ali
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Address correspondence to WW (e-mail: )
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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14
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Khan SA, Goliwas KF, Deshane JS. Sphingolipids in Lung Pathology in the Coronavirus Disease Era: A Review of Sphingolipid Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Lung Damage. Front Physiol 2021; 12:760638. [PMID: 34690821 PMCID: PMC8531546 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.760638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids involved in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and the inflammatory response. The SphK/S1P/S1PR pathway (S1P pathway) is a driver of many anti-apoptotic and proliferative processes. Pro-survival sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) initiates its signaling cascade by interacting with various sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PR) through which it is able to exert its pro-survival or inflammatory effects. Whereas sphingolipids, including ceramides and sphingosines are pro-apoptotic. The pro-apoptotic lipid, ceramide, can be produced de novo by ceramide synthases and converted to sphingosine by way of ceramidases. The balance of these antagonistic lipids and how this balance manifests is the essence of the sphingolipid rheostat. Recent studies on SARS-CoV-2 have implicated the S1P pathway in the pathogenesis of novel coronavirus disease COVID-19-related lung damage. Accumulating evidence indicates that an aberrant inflammatory process, known as "cytokine storm" causes lung injury in COVID-19, and studies have shown that the S1P pathway is involved in signaling this hyperinflammatory response. Beyond the influence of this pathway on cytokine storm, over the last decade the S1P pathway has been investigated for its role in a wide array of lung pathologies, including pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and lung cancer. Various studies have used S1P pathway modulators in models of lung disease; many of these efforts have yielded results that point to the potential efficacy of targeting this pathway for future treatment options. Additionally, they have emphasized S1P pathway's significant role in inflammation, fibrosis, and a number of other endothelial and epithelial changes that contribute to lung damage. This review summarizes the S1P pathway's involvement in COVID-19 and chronic lung diseases and discusses the potential for targeting S1P pathway as a therapeutic option for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessy S. Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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15
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Canals D, Clarke CJ. Compartmentalization of Sphingolipid metabolism: Implications for signaling and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108005. [PMID: 34582834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are a family of bioactive lipids implicated in a variety of cellular processes, and whose levels are controlled by an interlinked network of enzymes. While the spatial distribution of SL metabolism throughout the cell has been understood for some time, the implications of this for SL signaling and biological outcomes have only recently begun to be fully explored. In this review, we outline the compartmentalization of SL metabolism and describe advances in tools for investigating and probing compartment-specific SL functions. We also briefly discuss the implications of SL compartmentalization for cell signaling and therapeutic approaches to targeting the SL network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Canals
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Christopher J Clarke
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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16
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Davis Armstrong NM, Spragley KJ, Chen WM, Hsu FC, Brewer MS, Horn PJ, Williams SR, Sale MM, Worrall BB, Keene KL. Multi-omic analysis of stroke recurrence in African Americans from the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) clinical trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247257. [PMID: 33661917 PMCID: PMC7932724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
African Americans endure a nearly two-fold greater risk of suffering a stroke and are 2–3 times more likely to die from stroke compared to those of European ancestry. African Americans also have a greater risk of recurrent stroke and vascular events, which are deadlier and more disabling than incident stroke. Stroke is a multifactorial disease with both heritable and environmental risk factors. We conducted an integrative, multi-omic study on 922 plasma metabolites, 473,864 DNA methylation loci, and 556 variants from 50 African American participants of the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention clinical trial to help elucidate biomarkers contributing to recurrent stroke rates in this high risk population. Sixteen metabolites, including cotinine, N-delta-acetylornithine, and sphingomyelin (d17:1/24:1) were identified in t-tests of recurrent stroke outcome or baseline smoking status. Serum tricosanoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/23:0) levels were significantly associated with recurrent stroke after adjusting for covariates in Cox Proportional Hazards models. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis identified moderate correlations between sphingolipid markers and clinical traits including days to recurrent stroke. Integrative analyses between genetic variants in sphingolipid pathway genes identified 29 nominal associations with metabolite levels in a one-way analysis of variance, while epigenomic analyses identified xenobiotics, predominately smoking-associated metabolites and pharmaceutical drugs, associated with methylation profiles. Taken together, our results suggest that metabolites, specifically those associated with sphingolipid metabolism, are potential plasma biomarkers for stroke recurrence in African Americans. Furthermore, genetic variation and DNA methylation may play a role in the regulation of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Davis Armstrong
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kelsey J. Spragley
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Brewer
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Horn
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Williams
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michèle M. Sale
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Bradford B. Worrall
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Keith L. Keene
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Shi XX, Zhu MF, Wang N, Huang YJ, Zhang MJ, Zhang C, Ali SA, Zhou WW, Zhang C, Mao C, Zhu ZR. Neutral Ceramidase Is Required for the Reproduction of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Front Physiol 2021; 12:629532. [PMID: 33716775 PMCID: PMC7943485 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.629532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are bioactive sphingolipids that have been implicated in insect development; however, their role in insect reproduction remains poorly understood. Here, we report the pivotal role of neutral ceramidase (NCER) in the female reproduction of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), a significant pest in rice cultivation in Asia. LC-MS/MS demonstrated that, among different developmental stages of BPH, the levels of ceramides were highest in 1st instar nymphs and lowest in adults. The transcription of NCER was negatively correlated with the levels of ceramides at different developmental stages of BPH, in that the transcript levels of NCER were the highest, whereas ceramides levels were the lowest in BPH adults. Knocking down NCER through RNA interference (RNAi) increased the levels of ceramides in BPH females and ovaries, which resulted in a delay in oocyte maturation, a reduction in oviposition and egg hatching rate, as well as the production of vulnerable offspring. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assays showed mitochondrial deficiency and apoptosis in NCER-deficient oocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that NCER plays a crucial role in female reproduction in BPH, likely by regulating the levels of ceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mu-Fei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,People's Government of Fenshui Town, Tonglu County, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Soomro A Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Wu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, The State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
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18
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Ren R, Pang B, Han Y, Li Y. A Glimpse of the Structural Biology of the Metabolism of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2021; 4:2515256421995601. [PMID: 37366379 PMCID: PMC10243590 DOI: 10.1177/2515256421995601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As a key sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays crucial roles in vascular and immune systems. It regulates angiogenesis, vascular integrity and homeostasis, allergic responses, and lymphocyte trafficking. S1P is interconverted with sphingosine, which is also derived from the deacylation of ceramide. S1P levels and the ratio to ceramide in cells are tightly regulated by its metabolic pathways. Abnormal S1P production causes the occurrence and progression of numerous severe diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cancers, autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, and kidney and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, huge advances on the structure of S1P metabolic pathways have been accomplished. In this review, we have got a glimpse of S1P metabolism through structural and biochemical studies of: sphingosine kinases, S1P transporters and S1P receptors, and the development of therapeutics targeting S1P signaling. The progress we summarize here could provide fresh perspectives to further the exploration of S1P functions and facilitate the development of therapeutic molecules targeting S1P signaling with improved specificity and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Ren
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug
Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Pang
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug
Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufei Han
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug
Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yihao Li
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug
Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Drexler Y, Molina J, Mitrofanova A, Fornoni A, Merscher S. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Metabolism and Signaling in Kidney Diseases. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:9-31. [PMID: 33376112 PMCID: PMC7894665 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, sphingolipids and sphingolipid metabolites have gained attention because of their essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of kidney diseases. Studies in models of experimental and clinical nephropathies have described accumulation of sphingolipids and sphingolipid metabolites, and it has become clear that the intracellular sphingolipid composition of renal cells is an important determinant of renal function. Proper function of the glomerular filtration barrier depends heavily on the integrity of lipid rafts, which include sphingolipids as key components. In addition to contributing to the structural integrity of membranes, sphingolipid metabolites, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), play important roles as second messengers regulating biologic processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. This review will focus on the role of S1P in renal cells and how aberrant extracellular and intracellular S1P signaling contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Drexler
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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20
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Alkaline ceramidase family: The first two decades. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109860. [PMID: 33271224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ceramidases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ceramide, dihydroceramide, and phytoceramide into sphingosine (SPH), dihydrosphingosine (DHS), and phytosphingosine (PHS), respectively, along with a free fatty acid. Ceramidases are classified into the acid, neutral, and alkaline ceramidase subtypes according to the pH optima for their catalytic activity. YPC1 and YDC1 were the first alkaline ceramidase genes to be identified and cloned from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae two decades ago. Subsequently, alkaline ceramidase genes were identified from other species, including one Drosophila melanogaster ACER gene (Dacer), one Arabidopsis thaliana ACER gene (AtACER), three Mus musculus ACER genes (Acer1, Acer2, and Acer3), and three Homo sapiens ACER genes (ACER1, ACER2, and ACER3). The protein products of these genes constitute a large protein family, termed the alkaline ceramidase (ACER) family. All the biochemically characterized members of the ACER family are integral membrane proteins with seven transmembrane segments in the Golgi complex or endoplasmic reticulum, and they each have unique substrate specificity. An increasing number of studies suggest that the ACER family has diverse roles in regulating sphingolipid metabolism and biological processes. Here we discuss the discovery of the ACER family, the biochemical properties, structures, and catalytic mechanisms of its members, and its role in regulating sphingolipid metabolism and biological processes in yeast, insects, plants, and mammals.
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21
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Laghouaouta H, Sosa-Madrid BS, Zubiri-Gaitán A, Hernández P, Blasco A. Novel Genomic Regions Associated with Intramuscular Fatty Acid Composition in Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112090. [PMID: 33187110 PMCID: PMC7697864 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content and its composition affect the quality of meat. Selection for IMF generated a correlated response on its fatty acid composition. The increase of IMF content is associated with an increase of its saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids, and consequently a decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). We carried out a genome wide association study (GWAS) for IMF composition on two rabbit lines divergently selected for IMF content, using a Bayes B procedure. Association analyses were performed using 475 individuals and 90,235 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). The main objectives were to identify genomic regions associated with the IMF composition and to generate a list of candidate genes. Genomic regions associated with the intramuscular fatty acid composition were spread across different rabbit chromosomes (OCU). An important region at 34.0-37.9 Mb on OCU1 was associated with C14:0, C16:0, SFA, and C18:2n6, explaining 3.5%, 11.2%, 11.3%, and 3.2% of the genomic variance, respectively. Another relevant genomic region was found to be associated at 46.0-48.9 Mb on OCU18, explaining up to 8% of the genomic variance of MUFA/SFA. The associated regions harbor several genes related to lipid metabolism, such as SCD, PLIN2, and ERLIN1. The main genomic regions associated with the fatty acids were not previously associated with IMF content in rabbits. Nonetheless, MTMR2 is the only gene that was associated with both the IMF content and composition in rabbits. Our study highlighted the polygenic nature of the fatty acids in rabbits and elucidated its genetic background.
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22
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Li F, Xu R, Lin CL, Low BE, Cai L, Li S, Ji P, Huang L, Wiles MV, Hannun YA, Obeid LM, Chen Y, Mao C. Maternal and fetal alkaline ceramidase 2 is required for placental vascular integrity in mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:15252-15268. [PMID: 32959379 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001104r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids have been implicated in mammalian placental development and function, but their regulation in the placenta remains unclear. Herein we report that alkaline ceramidase 2 (ACER2) plays a key role in sustaining the integrity of the placental vasculature by regulating the homeostasis of sphingolipids in mice. The mouse alkaline ceramidase 2 gene (Acer2) is highly expressed in the placenta between embryonic day (E) 9.5 and E12.5. Acer2 deficiency in both the mother and fetus decreases the placental levels of sphingolipids, including sphingoid bases (sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine) and sphingoid base-1-phosphates (sphingosine-1-phosphate and dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate) and results in the in utero death of ≈50% of embryos at E12.5 whereas Acer2 deficiency in either the mother or fetus has no such effects. Acer2 deficiency causes hemorrhages from the maternal vasculature in the junctional and/or labyrinthine zones in E12.5 placentas. Moreover, hemorrhagic but not non-hemorrhagic Acer2-deficient placentas exhibit an expansion of parietal trophoblast giant cells with a concomitant decrease in the area of the fetal blood vessel network in the labyrinthine zone, suggesting that Acer2 deficiency results in embryonic lethality due to the atrophy of the fetal blood vessel network in the placenta. Taken together, these results suggest that ACER2 sustains the integrity of the placental vasculature by controlling the homeostasis of sphingolipids in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Cancer Center at State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Cancer Center at State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Chih-Li Lin
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Cancer Center at State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin E Low
- Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Louise Cai
- Cancer Center at State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sally Li
- Cancer Center at State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Liqun Huang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael V Wiles
- Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Cancer Center at State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Cancer Center at State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ye Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Cancer Center at State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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23
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The S1P-S1PR Axis in Neurological Disorders-Insights into Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061515. [PMID: 32580348 PMCID: PMC7349054 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), derived from membrane sphingolipids, is a pleiotropic bioactive lipid mediator capable of evoking complex immune phenomena. Studies have highlighted its importance regarding intracellular signaling cascades as well as membrane-bound S1P receptor (S1PR) engagement in various clinical conditions. In neurological disorders, the S1P–S1PR axis is acknowledged in neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, and cerebrovascular disorders. Modulators of S1P signaling have enabled an immense insight into fundamental pathological pathways, which were pivotal in identifying and improving the treatment of human diseases. However, its intricate molecular signaling pathways initiated upon receptor ligation are still poorly elucidated. In this review, the authors highlight the current evidence for S1P signaling in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders as well as stroke and present an array of drugs targeting the S1P signaling pathway, which are being tested in clinical trials. Further insights on how the S1P–S1PR axis orchestrates disease initiation, progression, and recovery may hold a remarkable potential regarding therapeutic options in these neurological disorders.
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Liu B, Xiao J, Dong M, Qiu Z, Jin J. Human alkaline ceramidase 2 promotes the growth, invasion, and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3B. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2259-2274. [PMID: 32391585 PMCID: PMC7385342 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. It has a poor prognosis because it is often diagnosed at the advanced stage when treatments are limited. In addition, HCC pathogenesis is not fully understood, and this has affected early diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Human alkaline ceramidase 2 (ACER2), a key enzyme that regulates hydrolysis of cellular ceramides, affects cancer cell survival, however its role in HCC has not been well characterized. Our results showed that ACER2 is overexpressed in HCC tissues and cell lines. In addition, high ACER2 protein expression was associated with tumor growth; ACER2 knockdown resulted in decreased cell growth and migration. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid‐like 3B (SMPDL3B) promoted HCC cell growth, invasion, and migration; SMPDL3B knockdown had a significant inhibitory effect on HCC tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, ACER2 positively regulated the protein level of SMPDL3B. Of note, ACER2/SMPDL3B promoted ceramide hydrolysis and S1P production. This axis induced HCC survival and could be blocked by inhibition of S1P formation. In conclusion, ACER2 promoted HCC cell survival and migration, possibly via SMPDL3B. Thus, inhibition of ACER2/SMPDL3B may be a novel therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binggang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingjun Dong
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- Department of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Junfei Jin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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25
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Rothemund M, Bär A, Klatt F, Weidler S, Köhler L, Unverzagt C, Kuhn CD, Schobert R. N-Metallocenoylsphingosines as targeted ceramidase inhibitors: Syntheses and antitumoral effects. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103703. [PMID: 32143017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Three N-metallocenoylsphingosines with variance in the central metal (Fe, Co, Ru), the charge (neutral or cationic), and the arene ligands (Cp2, Cp*Ph) were synthesized from serine and metallocene carboxylic acids as substrate-analogous inhibitors of human acid ceramidase (AC). Their inhibitory potential was examined using the recombinant full length ASAH1 enzyme, expressed and secreted from High Five insect cells, and the fluorescent substrate Rbm14-12. All complexes inhibited AC, most strongly so ruthenium(II) complex 13a. Some antitumoral effects of the complexes, such as the interference with the microtubular and F-actin cytoskeleton of cancer cells, were correlated to their AC-inhibition, whereas others, e.g. their cytotoxicity and their induction of caspase-3/-7 activity in cancer cells, were not. All complexes accumulated preferentially in the lysosomes of cancer cells like their target AC, arrested the cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle, and displayed cytotoxicity with mostly single-digit micromolar IC50 values while inducing cancer cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rothemund
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alexander Bär
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Felix Klatt
- Gene Regulation by Non-Coding RNA, Elite Network of Bavaria and University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sascha Weidler
- Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonhard Köhler
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Claus-D Kuhn
- Gene Regulation by Non-Coding RNA, Elite Network of Bavaria and University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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26
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Role of Ceramidases in Sphingolipid Metabolism and Human Diseases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121573. [PMID: 31817238 PMCID: PMC6952831 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes-induced insulin resistance, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases have altered lipid homeostasis. Among these imbalanced lipids, the bioactive sphingolipids ceramide and sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) are pivotal in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Several enzymes within the sphingolipid pathway contribute to the homeostasis of ceramide and S1P. Ceramidase is key in the degradation of ceramide into sphingosine and free fatty acids. In humans, five different ceramidases are known—acid ceramidase, neutral ceramidase, and alkaline ceramidase 1, 2, and 3—which are encoded by five different genes (ASAH1, ASAH2, ACER1, ACER2, and ACER3, respectively). Notably, the neutral ceramidase N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 2 (ASAH2) shows considerable differences between humans and animals in terms of tissue expression levels. Besides, the subcellular localization of ASAH2 remains controversial. In this review, we sum up the results obtained for identifying gene divergence, structure, subcellular localization, and manipulating factors and address the role of ASAH2 along with other ceramidases in human diseases.
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Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P)/ S1P Receptor Signaling and Mechanotransduction: Implications for Intrinsic Tissue Repair/Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225545. [PMID: 31703256 PMCID: PMC6888058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage, irrespective from the underlying etiology, destroys tissue structure and, eventually, function. In attempt to achieve a morpho-functional recover of the damaged tissue, reparative/regenerative processes start in those tissues endowed with regenerative potential, mainly mediated by activated resident stem cells. These cells reside in a specialized niche that includes different components, cells and surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), which, reciprocally interacting with stem cells, direct their cell behavior. Evidence suggests that ECM stiffness represents an instructive signal for the activation of stem cells sensing it by various mechanosensors, able to transduce mechanical cues into gene/protein expression responses. The actin cytoskeleton network dynamic acts as key mechanotransducer of ECM signal. The identification of signaling pathways influencing stem cell mechanobiology may offer therapeutic perspectives in the regenerative medicine field. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor (S1PR) signaling, acting as modulator of ECM, ECM-cytoskeleton linking proteins and cytoskeleton dynamics appears a promising candidate. This review focuses on the current knowledge on the contribution of S1P/S1PR signaling in the control of mechanotransduction in stem/progenitor cells. The potential contribution of S1P/S1PR signaling in the mechanobiology of skeletal muscle stem cells will be argued based on the intriguing findings on S1P/S1PR action in this mechanically dynamic tissue.
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28
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de Groot T, Ebert LK, Christensen BM, Andralojc K, Cheval L, Doucet A, Mao C, Baumgarten R, Low BE, Sandhoff R, Wiles MV, Deen PMT, Korstanje R. Identification of Acer2 as a First Susceptibility Gene for Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in Mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:2322-2336. [PMID: 31558682 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018050549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lithium, mainstay treatment for bipolar disorder, causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and hypercalcemia in about 20% and 10% of patients, respectively, and may lead to acidosis. These adverse effects develop in only a subset of patients treated with lithium, suggesting genetic factors play a role. METHODS To identify susceptibility genes for lithium-induced adverse effects, we performed a genome-wide association study in mice, which develop such effects faster than humans. On day 8 and 10 after assigning female mice from 29 different inbred strains to normal chow or lithium diet (40 mmol/kg), we housed the animals for 48 hours in metabolic cages for urine collection. We also collected blood samples. RESULTS In 17 strains, lithium treatment significantly elevated urine production, whereas the other 12 strains were not affected. Increased urine production strongly correlated with lower urine osmolality and elevated water intake. Lithium caused acidosis only in one mouse strain, whereas hypercalcemia was found in four strains. Lithium effects on blood pH or ionized calcium did not correlate with effects on urine production. Using genome-wide association analyses, we identified eight gene-containing loci, including a locus containing Acer2, which encodes a ceramidase and is specifically expressed in the collecting duct. Knockout of Acer2 led to increased susceptibility for lithium-induced diabetes insipidus development. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that genome-wide association studies in mice can be used successfully to identify susceptibility genes for development of lithium-induced adverse effects. We identified Acer2 as a first susceptibility gene for lithium-induced diabetes insipidus in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theun de Groot
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine.,Departments of Physiology.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lena K Ebert
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine.,Departments of Physiology.,Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Karolina Andralojc
- Molecular Biology.,Biochemistry, and.,Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydie Cheval
- Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University Paris 06, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S (Unité Mixte de Recherche en Sciences) 1138, Paris, France.,Physiology of Renal and Tubulopathies, CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) ERL 8228, Cordeliers Research Center, INSERM, Sorbonne University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris Descartes University, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Alain Doucet
- Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University Paris 06, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S (Unité Mixte de Recherche en Sciences) 1138, Paris, France
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | | | | | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; and.,Centre for Applied Sciences at Technical Universities (ZAFH)-Applied Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim, Germany
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29
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Sakamoto W, Canals D, Salamone S, Allopenna J, Clarke CJ, Snider J, Obeid LM, Hannun YA. Probing compartment-specific sphingolipids with targeted bacterial sphingomyelinases and ceramidases. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1841-1850. [PMID: 31243119 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m094722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids contribute to the regulation of cell and tissue homeostasis, and disorders of sphingolipid metabolism lead to diseases such as inflammation, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. Sphingolipid metabolic pathways involve an array of enzymes that reside in specific subcellular organelles, resulting in the formation of many diverse sphingolipids with distinct molecular species based on the diversity of the ceramide (Cer) structure. In order to probe compartment-specific metabolism of sphingolipids in this study, we analyzed the Cer and SM species preferentially produced in the inner plasma membrane (PM), Golgi apparatus, ER, mitochondria, nucleus, and cytoplasm by using compartmentally targeted bacterial SMases and ceramidases. The results showed that the length of the acyl chain of Cer becomes longer according to the progress of Cer from synthesis in the ER to the Golgi apparatus, then to the PM. These findings suggest that each organelle shows different properties of SM-derived Cers consistent with its emerging distinct functions in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.,Ono Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd. Oncology Research Laboratories, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daniel Canals
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Silvia Salamone
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Janet Allopenna
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Christopher J Clarke
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Justin Snider
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.,Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY .,Departments of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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30
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Xiao L, Zhou Y, Friis T, Beagley K, Xiao Y. S1P-S1PR1 Signaling: the "Sphinx" in Osteoimmunology. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1409. [PMID: 31293578 PMCID: PMC6603153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental interaction between the immune and skeletal systems, termed as osteoimmunology, has been demonstrated to play indispensable roles in the maintenance of balance between bone resorption and formation. The pleiotropic sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), together with its cognate receptor, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1), are known as key players in osteoimmunology due to the regulation on both immune system and bone remodeling. The role of S1P-S1PR1 signaling in bone remodeling can be directly targeting both osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis. Meanwhile, inflammatory cell function and polarization in both adaptive immune (T cell subsets) and innate immune cells (macrophages) are also regulated by this signaling axis, suggesting that S1P-S1PR1 signaling could aslo indirectly regulate bone remodeling via modulating the immune system. Therefore, it could be likely that S1P-S1PR1 signaling might take part in the maintenance of continuous bone turnover under physiological conditions, while lead to the pathogenesis of bone deformities during inflammation. In this review, we summarized the immunological regulation of S1P-S1PR1 signal axis during bone remodeling with an emphasis on how osteo-immune regulators are affected by inflammation, an issue with relevance to chronical bone disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yinghong Zhou
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Thor Friis
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth Beagley
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Acid ceramidase, an emerging target for anti-cancer and anti-angiogenesis. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:232-243. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Vasiliauskaité-Brooks I, Healey RD, Rochaix P, Saint-Paul J, Sounier R, Grison C, Waltrich-Augusto T, Fortier M, Hoh F, Saied EM, Arenz C, Basu S, Leyrat C, Granier S. Structure of a human intramembrane ceramidase explains enzymatic dysfunction found in leukodystrophy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5437. [PMID: 30575723 PMCID: PMC6303388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07864-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaline ceramidases (ACERs) are a class of poorly understood transmembrane enzymes controlling the homeostasis of ceramides. They are implicated in human pathophysiology, including progressive leukodystrophy, colon cancer as well as acute myeloid leukemia. We report here the crystal structure of the human ACER type 3 (ACER3). Together with computational studies, the structure reveals that ACER3 is an intramembrane enzyme with a seven transmembrane domain architecture and a catalytic Zn2+ binding site in its core, similar to adiponectin receptors. Interestingly, we uncover a Ca2+ binding site physically and functionally connected to the Zn2+ providing a structural explanation for the known regulatory role of Ca2+ on ACER3 enzymatic activity and for the loss of function in E33G-ACER3 mutant found in leukodystrophic patients. Alkaline ceramidases (ACERs) are a class of poorly understood transmembrane enzymes controlling the homeostasis of ceramides. Here authors solve the Xray structure of human ACER3 and uncover a Ca2+ binding site providing an explanation for the known regulatory role of Ca2+ on ACER3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert D Healey
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, 34094, France
| | - Pascal Rochaix
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, 34094, France
| | - Julie Saint-Paul
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, 34094, France
| | - Rémy Sounier
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, 34094, France
| | - Claire Grison
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, 34094, France
| | | | - Mathieu Fortier
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, 34094, France
| | - François Hoh
- CBS, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Essa M Saied
- Institute for chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institute for chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shibom Basu
- Macromolecular Crystallography, Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Leyrat
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, 34094, France.
| | - Sébastien Granier
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, 34094, France.
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33
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Kuş G, Özkurt M, Öztopcu Vatan P, Erkasap N, Uyar R, Kabadere S. Comparison of a ceramidase inhibitor (ceranib-2) with C2 ceramide and cisplatin on cytotoxicity and apoptosis of glioma cells. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:259-265. [PMID: 30814888 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1712-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting ceramidase activity in cancer cells has been identified as a promising target for cancer therapy in recent studies. uhTs, we examined the possible role of ceranib-2, a novel ceramidase inhibitor, on growth and apoptotic mechanisms of the human normal glia cell line (HNA), human glioma cell lines (T-98G and U-87MG), and a rat glioma cell line (C6). We also compared the results with the effects of C2 ceramide and cisplatin. We determined the in vitro survival rate with MTT assay, apoptosis with flow cytometry, gene expressions with qRT-PCR, and statistical significance by one-way analysis of variance together with Tukey's test. Calculated from MTT outcomes, the inhibitory ranking was as follows: T-98G > U-87MG > C6 > HNA. Ceranib-2 had the most growth-suppressive activity on human T-98G cells with an IC50 of 7 µM for 24 h and 0.9 µM for 48 h. Only the 25 µM dose of ceranib-2 induced apoptosis of human T-98G and U-87MG cells after 24 h of treatment; however, it increased apoptosis of C6 cells dose- and time-dependently. Ceranib-2 increased the cytochrome c gene expression level during 24 h in T-98G cells. Ceranib-2 had cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on glioma cells but the cytotoxic effect was weaker on normal glia cells. This cytotoxicity was stronger than that of C2 ceramide and cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Kuş
- Department of Health Programs, Open Education Faculty, Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Mete Özkurt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Pınar Öztopcu Vatan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eskişehir Osmangazi University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Erkasap
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Ruhi Uyar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Selda Kabadere
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University , Eskişehir , Turkey
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34
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D'Angelo G, Moorthi S, Luberto C. Role and Function of Sphingomyelin Biosynthesis in the Development of Cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2018; 140:61-96. [PMID: 30060817 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) biosynthesis represents a complex, finely regulated process, mostly occurring in vertebrates. It is intimately linked to lipid transport and it is ultimately carried out by two enzymes, SM synthase 1 and 2, selectively localized in the Golgi and plasma membrane. In the course of the SM biosynthetic reaction, various lipids are metabolized. Because these lipids have both structural and signaling functions, the SM biosynthetic process has the potential to affect diverse important cellular processes (such as cell proliferation, cell survival, and migration). Thus defects in SM biosynthesis might directly or indirectly impact the normal physiology of the cell and eventually of the organism. In this chapter, we will focus on evidence supporting a role for SM biosynthesis in specific cellular functions and how its dysregulation can affect neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Sitapriya Moorthi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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35
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Zhong L, Liu E, Yang C, Diao Y, Harijati N, Liu J, Hu Z, Jin S. Gene cloning of a neutral ceramidase from the sphingolipid metabolic pathway based on transcriptome analysis of Amorphophallus muelleri. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194863. [PMID: 29590184 PMCID: PMC5874051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphophallus is a perennial herbaceous plant species mainly distributed in the tropics or subtropics of Asia and Africa. It has been used as a traditional medicine for a long time and now is utilized for the pharmaceutical, chemical and agriculture industries as a valued economic crop. Recently, Amorphophallus has attracted tremendous interest because of its high ceramide content. However, the breeding and genome studies are severely limited by the arduous whole genome sequencing of Amorphophallus. In this study, the transcriptome data of A. muelleri was obtained by utilizing the high-throughput Illumina sequencing platform. Based on this information, the majority of the significant genes involved in the proposed sphingolipid metabolic pathway were identified. Then, the full-length neutral ceramidase cDNA was obtained with the help of its candidate transcripts, which were acquired from the transcriptome data. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this neutral ceramidase was a real ceramidase by eukaryotic expression in the yeast double knockout mutant Δypc1 Δydc1, which lacks the ceramidases—dihydroCDase (YDC1p), phytoCDase (YPC1p). In addition, the biochemical characterization of purified A. muelleri ceramidase (AmCDase) exhibited classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with an optimal activity ranging from pH 6.5 to 8.0. Based on our knowledge, this study is the first to report the related information of the neutral ceramidase in Amorphophallus. All datasets can provide significant information for related studies, such as gene expression, genetic improvement and application on breeding in Amorphophallus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Erxi Liu
- Institute of Konjac, Enshi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chaozhu Yang
- Institute of Konjac, Enshi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ying Diao
- Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Nunung Harijati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl.Veteran Malang, Indonesia
| | - Jiangdong Liu
- College of Life Science, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhongli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- * E-mail: (ZH); (SJ)
| | - Surong Jin
- Institute of Chemical and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- * E-mail: (ZH); (SJ)
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A neutral ceramidase, NlnCDase, is involved in the stress responses of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Sci Rep 2018; 8:1130. [PMID: 29348442 PMCID: PMC5773612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramidases (CDases) are vital enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of sphingolipids, which are essential components of eukaryotic membranes. The function of these enzymes in insects, however, is poorly understood. We identified a neutral ceramidase (NlnCDase) from the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, one of the most destructive hemipteran pests of rice. The C12-ceramide was the most preferred substrate for the NlnCDase enzyme. The activity of the NlnCDase enzyme was highest in the neutral-pH range (pH 6.0). It was inhibited by EGTA, Cs+ and Fe2+, while stimulated by EDTA and Ca2+. Moreover, the NlnCDase has higher transcript level and activity in adults than in eggs and nymphs, and in the reproductive organs (ovaries and spermaries) than in other tissues (i.e. heads, thorax, legs, midguts), which suggested that the NlnCDase might be elevated to mediate developmental process. In addition, transcripts and activity of the NlnCDase were up-regulated under abiotic stresses including starvation, abnormal temperature, and insecticides, and biotic stress of resistant rice varieties. Knocking down NlnCDase by RNA interference increased female survival under starvation and temperature stresses, suggesting that NlnCDase might be involved in the stress response in N. lugens.
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Nedvedova I, Kolar D, Neckar J, Kalous M, Pravenec M, Šilhavý J, Korenkova V, Kolar F, Zurmanova JM. Cardioprotective Regimen of Adaptation to Chronic Hypoxia Diversely Alters Myocardial Gene Expression in SHR and SHR-mt BN Conplastic Rat Strains. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:809. [PMID: 30723458 PMCID: PMC6350269 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to continuous normobaric hypoxia (CNH) protects the heart against acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. Recently, we have demonstrated the infarct size-limiting effect of CNH also in hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in conplastic SHR-mtBN strain characterized by the selective replacement of the mitochondrial genome of SHR with that of more ischemia-resistant Brown Norway rats. Importantly, cardioprotective effect of CNH was more pronounced in SHR-mtBN than in SHR. Thus, here we aimed to identify candidate genes which may contribute to this difference between the strains. Rats were adapted to CNH (FiO2 0.1) for 3 weeks or kept at room air as normoxic controls. Screening of 45 transcripts was performed in left ventricles using Biomark Chip. Significant differences between the groups were analyzed by univariate analysis (ANOVA) and the genes contributing to the differences between the strains unmasked by CNH were identified by multivariate analyses (PCA, SOM). ANOVA with Bonferroni correction revealed that transcripts differently affected by CNH in SHR and SHR-mtBN belong predominantly to lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense. PCA divided four experimental groups into two main clusters corresponding to chronically hypoxic and normoxic groups, and differences between the strains were more pronounced after CNH. Subsequently, the following 14 candidate transcripts were selected by PCA, and confirmed by SOM analyses, that can contribute to the strain differences in cardioprotective phenotype afforded by CNH: Alkaline ceramidase 2 (Acer2), Fatty acid translocase (Cd36), Aconitase 1 (Aco1), Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (Pparg), Hemoxygenase 2 (Hmox2), Phospholipase A2 group IIA (Ppla2g2a), Dynamin-related protein (Drp), Protein kinase C epsilon (Pkce), Hexokinase 2 (Hk2), Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (Sgms2), Caspase 3 (Casp3), Mitofussin 1 (Mfn1), Phospholipase A2 group V (Pla2g5), and Catalase (Cat). Our data suggest that the stronger cardioprotective phenotype of conplastic SHR-mtBN strain afforded by CNH is associated with either preventing the drop or increasing the expression of transcripts related to energy metabolism, antioxidant response and mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Nedvedova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Kolar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Neckar
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Kalous
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Šilhavý
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vlasta Korenkova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jitka M. Zurmanova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jitka M. Zurmanova
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Xu R, Garcia-Barros M, Wen S, Li F, Lin CL, Hannun YA, Obeid LM, Mao C. Tumor suppressor p53 links ceramide metabolism to DNA damage response through alkaline ceramidase 2. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:841-856. [PMID: 29229990 PMCID: PMC5943524 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 mediates the DNA damage response (DDR) by regulating the expression of genes implicated in cell cycle arrest, senescence, programmed cell death (PCD), and metabolism. Herein we demonstrate that human alkaline ceramidase 2 (ACER2) is a novel transcriptional target of p53 and that its transactivation by p53 mediates the DDR. We found that p53 overexpression or its activation by ionizing radiation (IR) upregulated ACER2 in cells. Two putative p53 responsive elements (p53REs) were found in its first intron of the ACER2 gene, and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays in combination with promoter activity assays demonstrated that these p53REs are the bona fide p53 binding sites that mediate ACER2 transactivation by p53. As ACER2 catalyzes the hydrolysis of ceramides into sphingosine, which in turn is phosphorylated to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), ACER2 upregulation increased the levels of both sphingosine and S1P while decreasing the levels of ceramides in cells. A moderate upregulation of ACER2 inhibited cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence in response to low-level expression of p53 or low-dose IR by elevating S1P, a pro-proliferative and pro-survival bioactive lipid, and/or decreasing ceramides whereas its robust upregulation mediated PCD in response to high-level expression of p53 or high-dose IR likely by accumulating cellular sphingosine, a pro-death bioactive lipid. ACER2 is frequently inactivated in various cancers due to its deletion or mutations, and restoring its expression inhibited the growth of tumor xenografts in mice. These results suggest that p53 mediates DDR and exerts its tumor suppressive role in part by regulating the expression of ACER2, which in turn regulates the bioactive sphingolipid lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Cancer Center at State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Monica Garcia-Barros
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Cancer Center at State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Sally Wen
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Cancer Center at State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Cancer Center at State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Chih-Li Lin
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Cancer Center at State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Cancer Center at State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Cancer Center at State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Northport Veterans Administration Hospital, Northport, NY, 11768, USA
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA. .,Cancer Center at State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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39
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Dietary and Endogenous Sphingolipid Metabolism in Chronic Inflammation. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111180. [PMID: 29143791 PMCID: PMC5707652 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common underlying factor in many major metabolic diseases afflicting Western societies. Sphingolipid metabolism is pivotal in the regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways. The regulation of sphingolipid metabolism is in turn influenced by inflammatory pathways. In this review, we provide an overview of sphingolipid metabolism in mammalian cells, including a description of sphingolipid structure, biosynthesis, turnover, and role in inflammatory signaling. Sphingolipid metabolites play distinct and complex roles in inflammatory signaling and will be discussed. We also review studies examining dietary sphingolipids and inflammation, derived from in vitro and rodent models, as well as human clinical trials. Dietary sphingolipids appear to influence inflammation-related chronic diseases through inhibiting intestinal lipid absorption, altering gut microbiota, activation of anti-inflammatory nuclear receptors, and neutralizing responses to inflammatory stimuli. The anti-inflammatory effects observed with consuming dietary sphingolipids are in contrast to the observation that most cellular sphingolipids play roles in augmenting inflammatory signaling. The relationship between dietary sphingolipids and low-grade chronic inflammation in metabolic disorders is complex and appears to depend on sphingolipid structure, digestion, and metabolic state of the organism. Further research is necessary to confirm the reported anti-inflammatory effects of dietary sphingolipids and delineate their impacts on endogenous sphingolipid metabolism.
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40
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Lin CL, Xu R, Yi JK, Li F, Chen J, Jones EC, Slutsky JB, Huang L, Rigas B, Cao J, Zhong X, Snider AJ, Obeid LM, Hannun YA, Mao C. Alkaline Ceramidase 1 Protects Mice from Premature Hair Loss by Maintaining the Homeostasis of Hair Follicle Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1488-1500. [PMID: 29056331 PMCID: PMC5829345 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides and their metabolites are important for the homeostasis of the epidermis, but much remains unknown about the roles of specific pathways of ceramide metabolism in skin biology. With a mouse model deficient in the alkaline ceramidase (Acer1) gene, we demonstrate that ACER1 plays a key role in the homeostasis of the epidermis and its appendages by controlling the metabolism of ceramides. Loss of Acer1 elevated the levels of various ceramides and sphingoid bases in the skin and caused progressive hair loss in mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that loss of Acer1 widened follicular infundibulum and caused progressive loss of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) due to reduced survival and stemness. These results suggest that ACER1 plays a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of HFSCs, and thereby the hair follicle structure and function, by regulating the metabolism of ceramides in the epidermis. Acer1 is a skin-specific ceramidase that controls the catabolism of ceramides Acer1 plays a key role in the homeostasis of the epidermis and its appendages Acer1−/− mice suffer from progressive alopecia Loss of Acer1 progressively depletes the population of hair follicle stem cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Li Lin
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, HSC T15-023, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, HSC T15-023, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jae Kyo Yi
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, HSC T15-023, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, HSC T15-023, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Evan C Jones
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jordan B Slutsky
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Liqun Huang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Basil Rigas
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhong
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ashley J Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, HSC T15-023, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, HSC T15-023, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, HSC T15-023, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, HSC T15-023, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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41
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Arish M, Alaidarous M, Ali R, Akhter Y, Rub A. Implication of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in diseases: molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategies. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2017; 37:437-446. [PMID: 28758826 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2017.1358282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling is emerging as a critical regulator of cellular processes that is initiated by the intracellular production of bioactive lipid molecule, sphingosine-1-phosphate. Binding of sphingosine-1-phosphate to its extracellular receptors activates diverse downstream signaling that play a critical role in governing physiological processes. Increasing evidence suggests that this signaling pathway often gets impaired during pathophysiological and diseased conditions and hence manipulation of this signaling pathway may be beneficial in providing treatment. In this review, we summarized the recent findings of S1P signaling pathway and the versatile role of the participating candidates in context with several disease conditions. Finally, we discussed its possible role as a novel drug target in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Arish
- a Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biotechnology , Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) , New Delhi , India
| | - Mohammed Alaidarous
- b Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences , Majmaah University , Al Majmaah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahat Ali
- a Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biotechnology , Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) , New Delhi , India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- c Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences , Central University of Himachal Pradesh , Shahpur, Kangra , India
| | - Abdur Rub
- a Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biotechnology , Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) , New Delhi , India.,b Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences , Majmaah University , Al Majmaah , Saudi Arabia
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Jin Y, Wang, He Q, Liu Z, Ai Q, Lei Y, Li Y, Song F, Bu Y. Alkaline ceramidase 2 is a novel direct target of p53 and induces autophagy and apoptosis through ROS generation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44573. [PMID: 28294157 PMCID: PMC5353723 DOI: 10.1038/srep44573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ACER2 is a critical sphingolipid metabolizing enzyme, and has been shown to be remarkably up-regulated following various stimuli such as DNA damage. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of ACER2 gene and its potential role in the regulation of autophagy remain unknown. In this study, we have for the first time identified the human ACER2 gene promoter, and found that human ACER2 transcription is directly regulated by p53 and ACER2 is implicated in the induction of autophagy as well as apoptosis. A series of luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that ACER2 major promoter is located within its first intron where the consensus p53-binding sites exist. Consistently, forced expression of p53 significantly stimulated ACER2 transcription. Notably, p53-mediated autophagy and apoptosis were markedly enhanced by ACER2. Depletion of the essential autophagy gene ATG5 revealed that ACER2-induced autophagy facilitates its effect on apoptosis. Further studies clearly showed that ACER2-mediated autophagy and apoptosis are accompanied by ROS generation. In summary, our present study strongly suggests that ACER2 plays a pivotal role in p53-induced autophagy and apoptosis, and thus might serve as a novel and attractive molecular target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chunxue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuelei Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qing Ai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunlong Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fangzhou Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Youquan Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Rieck M, Kremser C, Jobin K, Mettke E, Kurts C, Gräler M, Willecke K, Kolanus W. Ceramide synthase 2 facilitates S1P-dependent egress of thymocytes into the circulation in mice. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:677-684. [PMID: 28198542 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined gradients of the lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) direct chemotactic egress of mature thymocytes from the thymus into the circulation. Although it is known that these gradients result from low S1P levels in the thymic parenchyma and high S1P concentrations at the exit sites and in the plasma, the biochemical mechanisms that regulate these differential S1P levels remain unclear. Several studies demonstrated that ceramide synthase 2 (Cers2) regulates the levels of the S1P precursor sphingosine. We, therefore, investigated whether Cers2 is involved in the regulation of S1P gradients and S1P-dependent egress into the circulation. By analyzing Cers2-deficient mice, we demonstrate that Cers2 limits the levels of S1P in thymus and blood to maintain functional S1P gradients that mediate thymocyte emigration into the circulation. This function is specific for Cers2, as we also show that Cers4 is not involved in the regulation of thymic egress. Our study identified Cers2 as an important regulator of S1P-dependent thymic egress, and thus contributes to the understanding of how S1P gradients are maintained in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rieck
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Kremser
- Molecular Genetics & Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Jobin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Mettke
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), and the Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus Willecke
- Molecular Genetics & Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Xu R, Wang K, Mileva I, Hannun YA, Obeid LM, Mao C. Alkaline ceramidase 2 and its bioactive product sphingosine are novel regulators of the DNA damage response. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18440-57. [PMID: 26943039 PMCID: PMC4951300 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cells respond to DNA damage by elevating sphingosine, a bioactive sphingolipid that induces programmed cell death (PCD) in response to various forms of stress, but its regulation and role in the DNA damage response remain obscure. Herein we demonstrate that DNA damage increases sphingosine levels in tumor cells by upregulating alkaline ceramidase 2 (ACER2) and that the upregulation of the ACER2/sphingosine pathway induces PCD in response to DNA damage by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treatment with the DNA damaging agent doxorubicin increased both ACER2 expression and sphingosine levels in HCT116 cells in a dose-dependent manner. ACER2 overexpression increased sphingosine in HeLa cells whereas knocking down ACER2 inhibited the doxorubicin-induced increase in sphingosine in HCT116 cells, suggesting that DNA damage elevates sphingosine by upregulating ACER2. Knocking down ACER2 inhibited an increase in the apoptotic and necrotic cell population and the cleavage of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) in HCT116 cells in response to doxorubicin as well as doxorubicin-induced release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from these cells. Similar to treatment with doxorubicin, ACER2 overexpression induced an increase in the apoptotic and necrotic cell population and PARP cleavage in HeLa cells and LDH release from cells, suggesting that ACER2 upregulation mediates PCD in response to DNA damage through sphingosine. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the upregulation of the ACER2/sphingosine pathway induces PCD by increasing ROS levels. Taken together, these results suggest that the ACER2/sphingosine pathway mediates PCD in response to DNA damage through ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Izolda Mileva
- Lipidomics Core Facility, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Ceramidases, roles in sphingolipid metabolism and in health and disease. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 63:122-131. [PMID: 27771292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, extensive research has been able to determine the biologic functions for the main bioactive sphingolipids, namely ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) (Hannun, 1996; Hannun et al., 1986; Okazaki et al., 1989). These studies have managed to define the metabolism, regulation, and function of these bioactive sphingolipids. This emerging body of literature has also implicated bioactive sphingolipids, particularly S1P and ceramide, as key regulators of cellular homeostasis. Ceramidases have the important role of cleaving fatty acid from ceramide and producing sphingosine, thereby controlling the interconversion of these two lipids. Thus far, five human ceramidases encoded by five different genes have been identified: acid ceramidase (AC), neutral ceramidase (NC), alkaline ceramidase 1 (ACER1), alkaline ceramidase 2 (ACER2), and alkaline ceramidase 3 (ACER3). These ceramidases are classified according to their optimal pH for catalytic activity. AC, which is localized to the lysosomal compartment, has been associated with Farber's disease and is involved in the regulation of cell viability. Neutral ceramidase, which is localized to the plasma membrane and primarily expressed in the small intestine and colon, is involved in digestion, and has been implicated in colon carcinogenesis. ACER1 which can be found in the endoplasmic reticulum and is highly expressed in the skin, plays an important role in keratinocyte differentiation. ACER2, localized to the Golgi complex and highly expressed in the placenta, is involved in programed cell death in response to DNA damage. ACER3, also localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex, is ubiquitously expressed, and is involved in motor coordination-associated Purkinje cell degeneration. This review seeks to consolidate the current knowledge regarding these key cellular players.
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Dong MJ, Jiang KQ, He SQ, Jin JF. Alkaline ceramidases: Biochemical properties, biological function, and role in liver cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3884-3890. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i27.3884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaline ceramidases (ACERs) are a class of ceramidases (CDase), and three types including ACER1, ACER2, and ACER3 have been identified. ACERs can catalyze the hydrolysis of ceramide (Cer) to generate sphingosine (SPH), and SPH is further phosphorylated to produce sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Cer, SPH, and S1P are several important bioactive metabolites of sphingolipids. ACERs regulate the balance of Cer, SPH and S1P, and thus mediate cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, and tumor initiation and development. This article reviews the biochemical properties and biological function of ACER and its role in liver cancer.
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Alkaline ceramidase 3 deficiency aggravates colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice by hyperactivating the innate immune system. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2124. [PMID: 26938296 PMCID: PMC4823937 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing studies suggest that ceramides differing in acyl chain length and/or degree of unsaturation have distinct roles in mediating biological responses. However, still much remains unclear about regulation and role of distinct ceramide species in the immune response. Here, we demonstrate that alkaline ceramidase 3 (Acer3) mediates the immune response by regulating the levels of C18:1-ceramide in cells of the innate immune system and that Acer3 deficiency aggravates colitis in a murine model by augmenting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in myeloid and colonic epithelial cells (CECs). According to the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, ACER3 is downregulated in immune cells in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a potent inducer of the innate immune response. Consistent with these data, we demonstrated that LPS downregulated both Acer3 mRNA levels and its enzymatic activity while elevating C(18:1)-ceramide, a substrate of Acer3, in murine immune cells or CECs. Knocking out Acer3 enhanced the elevation of C(18:1)-ceramide and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in immune cells and CECs in response to LPS challenge. Similar to Acer3 knockout, treatment with C(18:1)-ceramide, but not C18:0-ceramide, potentiated LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in immune cells. In the mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, Acer3 deficiency augmented colitis-associated elevation of colonic C(18:1)-ceramide and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Acer3 deficiency aggravated diarrhea, rectal bleeding, weight loss and mortality. Pathological analyses revealed that Acer3 deficiency augmented colonic shortening, immune cell infiltration, colonic epithelial damage and systemic inflammation. Acer3 deficiency also aggravated colonic dysplasia in a mouse model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Taken together, these results suggest that Acer3 has an important anti-inflammatory role by suppressing cellular or tissue C(18:1)-ceramide, a potent pro-inflammatory bioactive lipid and that dysregulation of ACER3 and C(18:1)-ceramide may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases including cancer.
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Edvardson S, Yi JK, Jalas C, Xu R, Webb BD, Snider J, Fedick A, Kleinman E, Treff NR, Mao C, Elpeleg O. Deficiency of the alkaline ceramidase ACER3 manifests in early childhood by progressive leukodystrophy. J Med Genet 2016; 53:389-96. [PMID: 26792856 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Leukodystrophies due to abnormal production of myelin cause extensive morbidity in early life; their genetic background is still largely unknown. We aimed at reaching a molecular diagnosis in Ashkenazi-Jewish patients who suffered from developmental regression at 6-13 months, leukodystrophy and peripheral neuropathy. METHODS Exome analysis, determination of alkaline ceramidase activity catalysing the conversion of C18:1-ceramide to sphingosine and D-ribo-C12-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) (NBD)-phytoceramide to NBD-C12-fatty acid using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and thin layer chromatography, respectively, and sphingolipid analysis in patients' blood by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS The patients were homozygous for p.E33G in the ACER3, which encodes a C18:1-alkaline ceramidase and C20:1-alkaline ceramidase. The mutation abolished ACER3 catalytic activity in the patients' cells and failed to restore alkaline ceramidase activity in yeast mutant strain. The levels of ACER3 substrates, C18:1-ceramides and dihydroceramides and C20:1-ceramides and dihydroceramides and other long-chain ceramides and dihydroceramides were markedly increased in the patients' plasma, along with that of complex sphingolipids, including monohexosylceramides and lactosylceramides. CONCLUSIONS Homozygosity for the p.E33G mutation in the ACER3 gene results in inactivation of ACER3, leading to the accumulation of various sphingolipids in blood and probably in brain, likely accounting for this new form of childhood leukodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Edvardson
- The Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jae Kyo Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Chaim Jalas
- Bonei Olam, Center for Rare Jewish Genetic Disorders, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Bryn D Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Justin Snider
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Anastasia Fedick
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA Reproductive Medicine Associates of New Jersey, Morristown, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elisheva Kleinman
- Bonei Olam, Center for Rare Jewish Genetic Disorders, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Nathan R Treff
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA Reproductive Medicine Associates of New Jersey, Morristown, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- The Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Höglinger D, Haberkant P, Aguilera-Romero A, Riezman H, Porter FD, Platt FM, Galione A, Schultz C. Intracellular sphingosine releases calcium from lysosomes. eLife 2015; 4:e10616. [PMID: 26613410 PMCID: PMC4744193 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate new functions of sphingosine (Sph), we demonstrate that the spontaneous elevation of intracellular Sph levels via caged Sph leads to a significant and transient calcium release from acidic stores that is independent of sphingosine 1-phosphate, extracellular and ER calcium levels. This photo-induced Sph-driven calcium release requires the two-pore channel 1 (TPC1) residing on endosomes and lysosomes. Further, uncaging of Sph leads to the translocation of the autophagy-relevant transcription factor EB (TFEB) to the nucleus specifically after lysosomal calcium release. We confirm that Sph accumulates in late endosomes and lysosomes of cells derived from Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) patients and demonstrate a greatly reduced calcium release upon Sph uncaging. We conclude that sphingosine is a positive regulator of calcium release from acidic stores and that understanding the interplay between Sph homeostasis, calcium signaling and autophagy will be crucial in developing new therapies for lipid storage disorders such as NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Höglinger
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Haberkant
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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50
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Wang K, Xu R, Schrandt J, Shah P, Gong YZ, Preston C, Wang L, Yi JK, Lin CL, Sun W, Spyropoulos DD, Rhee S, Li M, Zhou J, Ge S, Zhang G, Snider AJ, Hannun YA, Obeid LM, Mao C. Alkaline Ceramidase 3 Deficiency Results in Purkinje Cell Degeneration and Cerebellar Ataxia Due to Dyshomeostasis of Sphingolipids in the Brain. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005591. [PMID: 26474409 PMCID: PMC4608763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyshomeostasis of both ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in the brain has been implicated in aging-associated neurodegenerative disorders in humans. However, mechanisms that maintain the homeostasis of these bioactive sphingolipids in the brain remain unclear. Mouse alkaline ceramidase 3 (Acer3), which preferentially catalyzes the hydrolysis of C18:1-ceramide, a major unsaturated long-chain ceramide species in the brain, is upregulated with age in the mouse brain. Acer3 knockout causes an age-dependent accumulation of various ceramides and C18:1-monohexosylceramide and abolishes the age-related increase in the levels of sphingosine and S1P in the brain; thereby resulting in Purkinje cell degeneration in the cerebellum and deficits in motor coordination and balance. Our results indicate that Acer3 plays critically protective roles in controlling the homeostasis of various sphingolipids, including ceramides, sphingosine, S1P, and certain complex sphingolipids in the brain and protects Purkinje cells from premature degeneration. Bioactive sphingolipids, such as ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphates, have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. However, it remains unclear as to how the homeostasis of these bioactive lipids is sustained. Alkaline ceramidase 3 (ACER3) catalyzes the hydrolysis of saturated long-chain ceramides (C18:1-ceramide and C20:1-ceramide) to generate sphingosine (SPH), which is phosphorylated to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). In this study we found that Acer3 is upregulated with age in the mouse brain and blocking Acer3 upregulation elevates the levels of ceramides while reducing S1P levels in the brain, thereby resulting in Purkinje cell loss and cerebellar ataxia. This study not only offers novel insights into the role for the homeostasis of ceramides and their metabolites in regulating normal aging of the cerebellum, but also provides a useful genetic tool to dissect the mechanism by which an aberrant accumulation of ceramides results in age-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Schrandt
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Prithvi Shah
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Technology and Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Yong Z. Gong
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chet Preston
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Technology and Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Louis Wang
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Technology and Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Jae Kyo Yi
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Chih-Li Lin
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Wei Sun
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Demetri D. Spyropoulos
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Soyoung Rhee
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mingsong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science Shared Resource, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ashley J. Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, United States of America
| | - Yusuf A. Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Lina M. Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, United States of America
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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