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Boukas A, Aizpurua M, Maratos E, Kalyal N, Giamouriadis A, Barkas K, King A, Bodi I, Thomas N. A novel case of paravertebral glomangiomyomatosis. Br J Neurosurg 2022:1-6. [PMID: 35379054 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2022.2054945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Glomangiomyomatosis is an extremely rare variant of glomus tumours. We describe the first known case of paravertebral glomangiomyomatosis in the literature to cause spinal cord compression. A 45-year old female patient presented with sudden onset of left leg pain and progressive weakness in left-sided hip flexion. An MRI spine revealed a large, lobulated, heterogeneous mass cantered on the left L2/3 foramen, mimicking a dumbbell nerve sheath tumour. The mass was invading the psoas muscle and displayed evidence of recent haemorrhage. The patient underwent debulking of the lesion via a left retroperitoneal approach. Surgery was uneventful, with clinical improvement and resolution of leg pain post-operatively. Histopathology of the tumour revealed delineated glomus-like cells and foci of spindled shaped cells resembling myoid differentiation. Immuno-histochemical features of the tumour confirmed the diagnosis of glomangiomyomatosis. The patient continued under close follow up, representing 18 months later with clinical and radiological progression of the disease with similar symptoms of leg pain but no weakness. Follow up MRI revealed progression of the intraspinal and paraspinal components of the tumour with thecal compression. A posterior approach was utilized in order to decompress the intraspinal component, which again was uneventful, and improved the patient's symptoms. This is the first known case of paravertebral glomangiomyomatosis in the literature and this rare entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nerve sheath tumours due to risk of progression and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miren Aizpurua
- Department of Neuropathology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eleni Maratos
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nida Kalyal
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew King
- Department of Neuropathology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Istvan Bodi
- Department of Neuropathology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Thomas
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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North PE. Classification and Pathology of Congenital and Perinatal Vascular Anomalies of the Head and Neck. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2018; 51:1-39. [PMID: 29217054 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Accurate histopathologic description in correlation with clinical and radiological evaluation is required for treatment of vascular anomalies, both neoplastic and malformative. It is important to examine current clinical, histologic, and immunophenotypical features that distinguish the major types of congenital and perinatal vascular anomalies affecting the head and neck. General discussions of pathogenesis and molecular diagnosis must also be taken into account. This article provides an overview of the features that distinguish the major types of congenital and perinatal vascular anomalies affecting the head and neck, and summarizes the diagnostic histopathologic criteria and nomenclature currently applied to these lesions.
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Deger AN, Deger H, Tayfur M, Balcioglu MG, Kadioglu E. Acquired Solitary Glomangiomyoma on the Forearm: A Rare Case Report. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ED10-1. [PMID: 27630858 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/19062.8195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glomus tumours are benign lesions which are frequently seen on hand (particularly subungual region). In this report a 52-year-old male patient with glomangiomyoma on the left forearm has been presented. With a preliminary diagnosis of haemangioma, a subcutaneous well-circumscribed nodular lesion of the patient was excised. On histomorphological examination glomus cells, vascular structures and spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells were seen around it. Immunohistochemistry of smooth muscle cells and glomus cells showed positivity for smooth muscle actin. By means of these findings, the patient was diagnosed with glomangiomyoma. Glomus tumours are rare in the forearm (In the literatüre there are two cases). Moreover, glomangiomyomas are the least common histomorphological type of glomus tumour and are generally seen in the lower extremity. In the literature, a few cases of glomangioma and solitary glomus tumour has been described on the forearm histologically and only a few glomangiomyoma cases on forearm location. We have presented the glomangiomyoma on the forearm as a rarely-seen case. Early diagnosis of the glomangiomyoma on the forearm is of importance for the prevention of morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Nur Deger
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Medicine Faculty, Dumlupinar University , Kutahya / Turkey
| | - Hakki Deger
- Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Kutahya Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital , Kutahya / Turkey
| | - Mahir Tayfur
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Medicine Faculty, Erzincan University , Erzincan / Turkey
| | - Mecdi Gurhan Balcioglu
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Medicine Faculty, Erzincan University , Erzincan / Turkey
| | - Emine Kadioglu
- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Dumlupinar University , Kutahya / Turkey
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Histopathology and Pathogenesis of Vascular Tumors and Malformations. VASCULAR TUMORS AND DEVELOPMENTAL MALFORMATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3240-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Borroni RG, Grassi S, Concardi M, Puccio I, Giordano C, Agozzino M, Caspani C, Grasso M, Diegoli M, Arbustini E. Glomuvenous malformations with smooth muscle and eccrine glands: unusual histopathologic features in a familial setting. J Cutan Pathol 2014; 41:308-15. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo G. Borroni
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - Sara Grassi
- Dermatology; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; Pavia Italy
- Dermatology, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences; University of Pavia; Italy
| | - Monica Concardi
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - Ignazio Puccio
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - Calogero Giordano
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - Manuela Agozzino
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - Clelia Caspani
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - Maurizia Grasso
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - Marta Diegoli
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; Pavia Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Pavia; Italy
| | - Eloisa Arbustini
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; Pavia Italy
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Munoz C, Bobadilla F, Fuenzalida H, Goldner R, Sina B. Congenital glomangioma of the breast: type 2 segmental manifestation. Int J Dermatol 2011; 50:346-9. [PMID: 21342169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Munoz
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau, Santiago, Chile.
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7
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Abstract
Pediatric vascular tumors and malformations, comprising a broad category of lesions often referred to as vascular anomalies, are a heterogenous group of clinicopathologically distinct entities. Pathologists, clinicians, and radiologists have traditionally lumped these lesions under the generic term, hemangioma, sometimes qualified by modifiers, such as capillary or cavernous. Advances in understanding underlying pathogenetic mechanisms support more specific classification and more specifically targeted therapies. Multidisciplinary consensus has moved toward a biologically based classification system and therapeutic approach for dealing with these lesions. This content focuses on the histologic, immunophenotypical, and clinical features that distinguish the major types of vascular tumors and malformations presenting in infancy and childhood. Pathogenic mechanisms are also briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula E North
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, 9000 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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9
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North PE. Vascular Tumors and Malformations of Infancy and Childhood. AJSP-REVIEWS AND REPORTS 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/pcr.0b013e31818b994f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Scheithauer BW, Rodriguez FJ, Spinner RJ, Dyck PJ, Salem A, Edelman FL, Amrami KK, Fu YS. Glomus tumor and glomangioma of the nerve. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg 2008; 108:348-56. [PMID: 18240933 DOI: 10.3171/jns/2008/108/2/0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As a rule, normal human nerve does not contain glomus bodies. Nonetheless, rare examples of glomus tumors do arise in peripheral nerves of various sizes. Their pathobiological characteristics are poorly understood, but reported examples have been small and clinically benign. The authors identified in 1 patient each a glomus tumor and a glomangioma involving nerve. Clinical histories as well as imaging and surgical findings were reviewed. All available H & E-stained slides were examined in both cases. Immunohistochemical stains and electron microscopy, as appropriate, were also performed. The lesions were subtotally and completely resected, respectively. An uneventful postoperative recovery was noted in both patients. Glomus tumors and glomangiomas can involve major nerves on rare occasions. They seem to follow a favorable clinical course, and conservative resection can be of benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd W Scheithauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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Abstract
Tumor glômico é neoplasia benigna originada de células glômicas que circundam anastomoses arteriovenosas e têm função de reguladores de temperatura. São classificados em solitários e múltiplos, adquiridos ou congênitos e histopatologicamente em tumor glômico sólido propriamente dito, glomangioma e glomangiomioma. Os glomangiomas congênitos são extremamente raros, com menos de 20 casos documentados na literatura mundial. Descreve-se caso de glomangioma congênito múltiplo em recém-nato, com regressão parcial espontânea após seis meses de acompanhamento.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Débora Gaburri
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brasil; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Santos
| | | | - Aloísio Gamonal
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brasil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
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Abstract
Cutaneous vascular proliferations are a vast and complex spectrum. Many appear as hamartomas in infancy; others are acquired neoplasms. Some vascular proliferations are hyperplastic in nature, although they mimic hemangiomas, i.e., neoplasms. The vast majority of the vascular lesions are hemangiomas. Between the hemangiomas and frankly angiosarcomas, there is a group of neoplasms that are angiosarcomas, albeit ones of low grade histologically and, probably, biologically. The term "hemangioendothelioma" has been created to encompass these neoplasms. Vascular proliferations are, fundamentally, composed of endothelial cells. Some hemangiomas, however, contain also abundant pericytic, smooth muscle, or interstitial components, or a combination of them. These heterogeneous cellular components are present usually in hemangiomas. Some of the newly described vascular proliferations, however, are difficult to differentiate from some of the angiosarcomas. Others are markers, occasionally, of serious conditions such as Fabry's Disease (angiokeratoma) and POEM's syndrome (glomeruloid hemangioma). Kaposi's sarcoma continues to be an enigma. The demonstration of Herpes virus 8 in this condition raises doubt about its neoplastic nature. The demonstration of endothelial differentiation of its nodular lesions is tenuous and its true nature remains unresolved. While physicians have known about post-mastectomy angiosarcomas from the origin of the radical mastectomy, a new group of unusual vascular proliferations of the mammary skin are being defined. These lesions arise in the setting of breast-conserving surgical treatment with adjuvant radiation therapy. The incubation period is usually 3 to 5 years, in contrast with the 10, or more, in classical cases of post-mastectomy angiosarcoma. These lesions usually are subtle, both clinically and histologically, in contrast with the "classical," dramatic presentation of mammary angiosarcoma. The spectrum of findings ranges from "simple" lymphangiectasia-like vascular proliferations to unequivocal angiosarcomas. The pathogenesis of these lesions remains a mystery. There are very few clues that allow one to separate hemangiomas from angiosarcomas. The presence of heterologous cellular elements and, particularly, well-developed smooth muscle components tends to favor a hemangioma. Similarly, the presence of thrombosis usually supports hemangioma. Nevertheless, there are no unequivocal or reliable individual diagnostic criteria. A thorough knowledge of the different conditions and their differential diagnoses eventually leads to the proper diagnosis in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Hunt
- Northern Pathology Laboratory, Iron Mountain, Michigan, USA
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Allombert-Blaise CJ, Batard ML, Ségard M, Martin de Lassalle E, Brevière GM, Piette F. Type 2 segmental manifestation of congenital multiple glomangiomas. Dermatology 2003; 206:321-5. [PMID: 12771473 DOI: 10.1159/000069944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2002] [Accepted: 09/10/2002] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital multiple glomus tumors are extremely rare, and less than 20 cases have been well documented. We report an uncommon case of congenital multiple glomangiomas with a segmental manifestation in a 9-year-old girl. Since birth, the child had presented asymptomatic angiomatous macules arranged in a segmental pattern on the neck and trunk. During a follow-up period of 9 years, disseminated smaller papulonodular lesions developed on both arms and the left leg with a segmental distribution. Histopathology of congenital and acquired lesions confirmed the diagnosis of glomangiomas. The family history was negative for glomus tumors. This type of presentation supports the recently described type 2 segmental manifestation of multiple glomus tumors, with a segmental involvement of congenital early developing lesions.
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Ahmed A, Gilbert-Barness E. Pathologic quiz case: a 4-year-old girl with multiple skin nodules. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2003; 127:373-4. [PMID: 12653590 DOI: 10.5858/2003-127-0373-pqc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atif Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Tampa General Hospital, FL 33601, USA
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Calduch L, Monteagudo C, Martínez-Ruiz E, Ramón D, Pinazo I, Cardá C, Jordá E. Familial generalized multiple glomangiomyoma: report of a new family, with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 2002; 19:402-8. [PMID: 12383095 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1470.2002.00114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glomus tumors are benign lesions which often appear as solitary bluish nodules. They can also be multiple, and can be either acquired or congenital. Histopathologically glomus tumors are classified into three different variants: solid glomus tumor, glomangioma, and glomangiomyoma, which is the least frequent type. We report three instances of familial generalized multiple glomangiomyoma in a woman and her two children. Seven members of the family in two consecutive generations were affected, suggesting autosomal dominant inheritance. We performed a thorough clinical study, complete blood and platelet counts, stool for occult blood, karyotype, abdominal echography (which showed an asymptomatic solitary hepatic vascular lesion in one of the patients), gastrointestinal endoscopy, and skin biopsy with immunohistologic and ultrastructural studies. We believe that the terms glomangioma and glomangiomyoma actually designate the same lesion, with transitional areas from typical glomus cells to well-defined conventional smooth muscle cells. Although complete evaluation should be performed in all patients with multiple glomus tumors in order to detect possible occult systemic lesions, we only recommend treatment for symptomatic lesions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an instance of familial multiple glomangiomyoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Calduch
- Departments of Dermatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Peña-Penabad C, García-Silva J, del Pozo J, Yebra-Pimentel MT, Fonseca E, Cuevas J, Contreras F. Two cases of segmental multiple glomangiomas in a family: type 1 or type 2 segmental manifestation? Dermatology 2000; 201:65-7. [PMID: 10971066 DOI: 10.1159/000018435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several autosomal dominant skin diseases may manifest cutaneous mosaicism. Two types of segmental arrangement can be distinguished: type 1 is characterized by segmental lesions with similar severity to that observed in the diffuse phenotype, the remaining skin being normal; type 2 is characterized by segmental lesions showing a major degree of severity and milder lesions diffusely arranged. Multiple glomus tumours have recently been included in the group of genodermatoses showing type 2 segmental involvement. A family with 2 cases of multiple glomangiomas arranged in a segmental fashion is reported. A 12-year-old girl presented multiple nodular glomangiomas on her right buttock and thigh, in a band-like distribution. A sister of her paternal grandfather showed plaque-like multiple glomangiomas on her left thigh and various glomangiomas on her right buttock and arm. No other family members were known to be affected. Two new cases of familial segmental multiple glomangiomas are reported, with the particularity that one of these exhibited type 2 segmental manifestation and the other type 1 from a clinical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peña-Penabad
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Juan Canalejo, La Coruña, Spain
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Monteagudo C, Carda C, Llombart-Bosch A, Calduch L, Jordá E. Multiple glomangiomyoma versus glomangioma: conceptual and ultrastructural observations. Am J Dermatopathol 2000; 22:371-3. [PMID: 10949465 DOI: 10.1097/00000372-200008000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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