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Grapin-Dagorno C, Peycelon M, Philippe-Chomette P, Berrebi D, El Ghoneimi A, Orbach D. [Urothelial tumors in children]. Bull Cancer 2016; 104:195-201. [PMID: 28034440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial tumors are very rare in children (to date, only about 150 cases have been reported worlwide). Only 20% occur before the age of ten. The aim of this study is to specify the clinicopathologic features of urothelial tumor in young patients, which require a slightly different approach to treatment. On the basis of the WHO/ISUP (World Health Organisation/International Society of Urological Pathology) consensus classification report, these lesions are usually low-grade lesions, non invasive, and rarely recurrent. The sex ratio is three boys to one girl. These tumors are located preferentially in the low urinary tract, especially in the bladder. The main symptom is the macroscopic hematuria, which requires ultrasound examination in all cases. Cystoscopy is indicated in case of lesion of the bladder wall, or in case of persistent or recurrent hematuria, to obtain definitive diagnosis and biopsies. The tumors are mainly located on the posterior or lateral bladder wall above the trigone or near the ureteral orifices. Treatment is based on the transurethral resection of the lesion. The subsequent monitoring is sparsely codified, due to the exceptional occurrence of these tumors in the paediatric age group. These patients are likely to have better outcome than older patients, but it is due to the predominance of noninvasive papillary urothelial tumors. Tumor recurrences are not uncommon. In case of invasive, high-grade urothelial carcinomas, metastases or even lethal outcome may occur in rare cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Grapin-Dagorno
- Hôpital Robert-Debré, service de chirurgie viscérale et urologique, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
| | - Matthieu Peycelon
- Hôpital Robert-Debré, service de chirurgie viscérale et urologique, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Pascale Philippe-Chomette
- Hôpital Robert-Debré, service de chirurgie viscérale et urologique, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Berrebi
- Hôpital Robert-Debré, service d'anatomopathologie, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Alaa El Ghoneimi
- Hôpital Robert-Debré, service de chirurgie viscérale et urologique, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Orbach
- Institut Curie, service d'oncopédiatrie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
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Porrello A, Piergentili RB. Contextualizing the Genes Altered in Bladder Neoplasms in Pediatric andTeen Patients Allows Identifying Two Main Classes of Biological ProcessesInvolved and New Potential Therapeutic Targets. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:33-61. [PMID: 27013923 PMCID: PMC4780474 DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666151014222603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on bladder neoplasms in pediatric and teen patients (BNPTP) has described 21 genes, which are variously involved in this disease and are mostly responsible for deregulated cell proliferation. However, due to the limited number of publications on this subject, it is still unclear what type of relationships there are among these genes and which are the chances that, while having different molecular functions, they i) act as downstream effector genes of well-known pro- or anti- proliferative stimuli and/or interplay with biochemical pathways having oncological relevance or ii) are specific and, possibly, early biomarkers of these pathologies. A Gene Ontology (GO)-based analysis showed that these 21 genes are involved in biological processes, which can be split into two main classes: cell regulation-based and differentiation/development-based. In order to understand the involvement/overlapping with main cancer-related pathways, we performed a meta-analysis dependent on the 189 oncogenic signatures of the Molecular Signatures Database (OSMSD) curated by the Broad Institute. We generated a binary matrix with 53 gene signatures having at least one hit; this analysis i) suggests that some genes of the original list show inconsistencies and might need to be experimentally re- assessed or evaluated as biomarkers (in particular, ACTA2) and ii) allows hypothesizing that important (proto)oncogenes (E2F3, ERBB2/HER2, CCND1, WNT1, and YAP1) and (putative) tumor suppressors (BRCA1, RBBP8/CTIP, and RB1-RBL2/p130) may participate in the onset of this disease or worsen the observed phenotype, thus expanding the list of possible molecular targets for the treatment of BNPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Porrello
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), University of North Carolina (UNC)-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599 NC, USA
| | - R. b Piergentili
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology at CNR (CNR-IBPM); Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza – Università di Roma, Italy
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3
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Berrettini A, Castagnetti M, Salerno A, Nappo SG, Manzoni G, Rigamonti W, Caione P. Bladder urothelial neoplasms in pediatric age: experience at three tertiary centers. J Pediatr Urol 2015; 11:26.e1-5. [PMID: 25305695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urothelial bladder neoplasms (UBN) typically occur in patients in their sixth or seventh decade of life while they are infrequent in children and young adults. They occur in 0.1-0.4% of the population in the first two decades of life. Their management is controversial and paediatric guidelines are currently unavailable. OBJECTIVE To further expound the available data on the outcome of patients younger than 18 year old diagnosed with UBN. STUDY DESIGN We retrospectively reviewed the files of all the consecutive paediatric patients with UBN treated in three tertiary paediatric urology units from January 1999 to July 2013. Lesions were classified according to the 2004 WHO/ISUP criteria as urothelial papillomas (UP), papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), low-grade urothelial carcinoma (LGUC), and high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). RESULTS The table shows the results. Management after TURB varied among centres. One centre recommended only follow-up US at increasing intervals whereas another follow-up US plus urine cytologies and endoscopies, every three months in the first year, and at increasing intervals thereafter. After a median follow-up of 5 years (range 9 months-14.5 years), none of the patients showed disease recurrence or progression. DISCUSSION UBN is an uncommon condition in children and adolescents and, unlike in adults, its incidence, follow-up and outcome still controversial. Paediatric guidelines are currently lacking and management varies among centres. Gross painless haematuria is the most common presenting symptom. Therefore, this symptom should never be underestimated. US is generally the first investigation and additional imaging seems unnecessary. TURB often allows for complete resection. Lesions are generally solitary, non-muscle invasive, and low-grade (mainly UP and PUNLMP). Ideal follow-up protocol is the most controversial point. Reportedly, recurrence or progression during follow-up is uncommon in patients under 20 years, recurrence rate 7% and a single case of progression reported so far. Accordingly, a follow-up mainly based on serial US might be considered in this age group compared to adults where also serial endoscopies and urine cytologies are recommended. In the selection of the follow-up investigations, it should also be taken into consideration that urine cytology has a low sensibility in the detection of low-grade lesions while cystoscopy in young patients requires a general anaesthesia and hospitalization, and carries an increased risk of urethral manipulation. CONCLUSION UBN is a rare condition in children. Ultrasound is generally accurate in order to visualize the lesion, and TURB can treat the condition. Lesions are generally low-grade and non-muscle invasive, but high-grade lesions can also be detected. In present series, after TURB, follow-up US monitoring at increasing intervals was used at all centres, follow-up cystoscopies were added in two centres, but with different schedules. Urine cytologies were considered only at one centre. After a median follow-up of 5 years (range 9 months-14.5 years), none of the patients showed recurrence or progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berrettini
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 10, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - M Castagnetti
- Section of Paediatric Urology, Urology Unit, Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - A Salerno
- Department Nephrology-Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital Rome, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio, 4, 00165 Roma, Italy.
| | - S G Nappo
- Department Nephrology-Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital Rome, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio, 4, 00165 Roma, Italy.
| | - G Manzoni
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 10, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - W Rigamonti
- Section of Paediatric Urology, Urology Unit, Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - P Caione
- Department Nephrology-Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital Rome, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio, 4, 00165 Roma, Italy.
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Molecular characteristics of urothelial neoplasms in children and young adults: a subset of tumors from young patients harbors chromosomal abnormalities but not FGFR3 or TP53 gene mutations. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:1540-8. [PMID: 24743222 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial neoplasms in children and young adult patients are rare and hypothesized to have a lower rate of recurrence and progression than those of older adults. Because of their rarity, data regarding molecular abnormalities in these tumors are limited. We studied molecular characteristics of urothelial neoplasms from patients under age 30 years using UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization (chromosomes 3, 7, 17, and 9p21) and DNA mutational analysis for the FGFR3 and TP53 genes. Seventeen tumors were identified in patients 6-26 years of age, including low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (n=10), high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (n=5), urothelial papilloma (n=1), and papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (n=1). No tumor demonstrated mutation of FGFR3 or TP53. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected only in patients aged ≥19 years: two low-grade urothelial carcinomas had loss of 9p21 as a sole chromosomal abnormality and three high-grade urothelial carcinomas had other or multiple chromosomal abnormalities. Under age 19 years, no tumor showed molecular abnormalities with either method (five low-grade papillary urothelial carcinomas and one each of high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma, papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential, and urothelial papilloma). Our results support the idea that mutations of the FGFR3 and TP53 genes are rare or absent in urothelial neoplasms of young patients. In contrast, chromosomal abnormalities detected by UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization are sometimes present in patients above 19-20 years of age. This finding supports the recently proposed hypothesis that an age of 19-20 years separates distinct molecular pathways of urothelial carcinogenesis.
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Nabbout P, Eldefrawy A, Engles CD, Culkin DJ, Slobodov G. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer in a young adult: a case report and a review of the literature. Cent European J Urol 2014; 66:185-7. [PMID: 24579024 PMCID: PMC3936156 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2013.02.art18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The peak incidence of bladder cancer (BC) is in the sixth decade of life. Muscle–invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in young adults is extremely rare. We report a case of MIBC in a 28–year–old smoking male patient. The patient presented with hematuria and flank pain for which he underwent a computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis with and without contrast. The CT scan showed a 6 cm mass on the left side of the trigone extending to the left urteric orifice and left hydronephrosis, but no lymphadenopathy was noted. The patient then underwent a left nephrostomy tube placement followed by trans–urethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). The tumor involved both ureteric orifices and extended to the prostatic urethra. Complete resection was not feasible. Pathology showed high–grade T1 urothelial carcinoma. CT scan of the chest showed no distant lung metastasis. The patient then elected to undergo radical cystectomy with ileal conduit urinary diversion. Final pathology revealed T2a N0 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Our aim is to present our experience and review the literature for the natural history and oncological and quality of life outcomes of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Nabbout
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ahmed Eldefrawy
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - C Dirk Engles
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Daniel J Culkin
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gennady Slobodov
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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6
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Le carcinome urothélial des patients de moins de 40ans. Revue du comité de cancérologie de l’Association française d’urologie. Prog Urol 2013; 23:171-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Urothelial neoplasms of the urinary bladder occurring in young adult and pediatric patients: a comprehensive review of literature with implications for patient management. Adv Anat Pathol 2011; 18:79-89. [PMID: 21169741 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0b013e318204c0cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bladder urothelial carcinoma is typically a disease of older individuals and rarely occurs below the age of 40 years. There is debate and uncertainty in the literature regarding the clinicopathologic characteristics of bladder urothelial neoplasms in younger patients compared with older patients, although no consistent age criteria have been used to define "younger" age group categories. Use of the World Health Organization 2004/International Society of Urological Pathology 1998 grading nomenclature and recent molecular studies highlight certain unique features of bladder urothelial neoplasms in young patients, particularly in patients below 20 years of age. In this meta-analysis and review, the clinical, pathologic, and molecular features and risk factors of bladder urothelial neoplasms in patients 40 years or less are presented and analyzed according to decades of presentation. Similar to older patients, bladder urothelial neoplasms in patients 40 years or younger occur more common in male patients, present mainly with gross painless hematuria, and are more commonly located at bladder trigone/ureteral orifices, but in contrast have a greater chance for unifocality. Delay in diagnosis of bladder urothelial neoplasms seems not to be uncommon in younger patients probably because of its relative rarity and the predominance of benign causes of hematuria in this age group causing hesitancy for an aggressive work-up. Most tumors in patients younger than 40 years were low grade. The incidence of low-grade tumors was the lowest in the first 2 decades of life, with incremental increase of the percentage of high-grade tumors with increasing age decades. Classification according to the World Health Organization 2004/International Society of Urological Pathology grading system identified papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential to be relatively frequent among bladder tumors of young patients particularly in the teenage years. Similar to grade, there was marked predominance of low stage tumors in the first 2 decades of life with gradual inclusion of few higher stage and metastatic tumors in the 2 older decades. Bladder urothelial neoplasms occurring in patients <20 years of age lack or have a much lower incidence of aberrations in chromosome 9, FGFR3, p53, and microsatellite instability and have fewer epigenetic alterations. Tumor recurrence and deaths were infrequent in the first 2 decades and increased gradually in each successive decade, likely influenced by the increased proportion of higher grade and higher stage tumors. Our review of the literature shows that urothelial neoplasms of the bladder occurring in young patients exhibit unique pathologic and molecular features that translate to its more indolent behavior; this distinction is most pronounced in patients <20 years. Our overall inferences have potential implications for choosing appropriate noninvasive diagnostic and surveillance modalities, whenever feasible, and for selecting suitable treatment strategies that factor in quality of life issues vital to younger patients.
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8
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Lerena J, Krauel L, García-Aparicio L, Vallasciani S, Suñol M, Rodó J. Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in children and adolescents: six-case series and review of the literature. J Pediatr Urol 2010; 6:481-5. [PMID: 20080447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lower urinary tract tumours are uncommon in paediatrics. Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCCB) is rarely found in the first two decades of life and is exceptional under 10 years of age. The present series aimed to expand the number of reported cases in the literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 1984-2007, six patients (four male, two female), aged 6, 9, 12, 13, 14 and 17 years, were treated at our centre. Clinical presentation was macroscopic haematuria in five and pyelonephritis in one. Physical examination, laboratory analysis, ultrasound and cystoscopy were performed before surgical treatment in all patients. Follow up was by clinical and ultrasound assessment. RESULTS Neither physical examination nor laboratory analysis revealed any significant abnormalities, but ultrasound showed exophytic intravesical lesions. Surgical resection was performed endoscopically. Histological studies showed grade I TCCB in all cases. The immediate postoperative period was uneventful and long-term follow up did not reveal recurrence. CONCLUSION Despite its low incidence in children, TCCB must be suspected in the event of macroscopic haematuria. Ultrasound followed by cystoscopy are the ideal diagnostic tools for visualization of these tumours. Endoscopic resection proved effective in all the present cases. Follow up must be clinical with periodic ultrasound evaluation. Urine cytologic examination is ineffective. Periodic cystoscopy is indicated only in cases of clinical or ultrasonographic suspicion of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Lerena
- Urology Unit, Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Klatte T, Klatte D. Invasives Harnblasenkarzinom mit Lymphangiosis carcinomatosa und Carcinoma in situ bei einer 19-jährigen Patientin. Urologe A 2007; 46:281-3. [PMID: 17160667 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-006-1246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a 19-year-old female with a grade 2 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder invading the lamina propria. In addition, lymphangiosis carcinomatosa and a carcinoma in situ were found. The presenting symptom was painless gross hematuria. The patient was treated with transurethral resection. No tumor recurrence occurred during the 21-year follow-up. The literature on bladder tumors in the first two decades of life is reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Klatte
- Urologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, 39104, Erzbergerstrasse 13, Magdeburg, Deutschland.
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10
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Lezama-del Valle P, Jerkins GR, Rao BN, Santana VM, Fuller C, Merchant TE. Aggressive bladder carcinoma in a child. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004; 43:285-8. [PMID: 15266415 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The brief report describes an unusual case of high grade bladder neoplasm with divergent differentiation in a 31 month-old child. The presentation included hematuria with tissue fragments and the tumor was confined to the bladder. The tumor behaved aggressively despite radical cystectomy, chemotherapy with agents known to be effective against epithelial and mesenchymal tumors and radiation therapy. Although rare, most malignant bladder neoplasms in children are low grade and present in early stages. Sarcomatoid differentiation in the setting of high-grade urothelial carcinoma portends a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lezama-del Valle
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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11
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Zhou M, Shah R, Shen R, Rubin MA. Basal cell cocktail (34betaE12 + p63) improves the detection of prostate basal cells. Am J Surg Pathol 2003; 27:365-71. [PMID: 12604893 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200303000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies against high molecular weight cytokeratin (34betaE12) and p63 are frequently used basal cell markers to aid in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (Pca). Absence of a basal cell marker in an atypical lesion histologically suspicious for cancer supports a diagnosis of Pca. However, absence of basal cells demonstrable by basal cell immunohistochemistry (IHC) is not always conclusive for PCa. Some benign prostatic lesions may have inconspicuous or even lack basal cell lining focally. Technical factors such as tissue fixation and antigen retrieval techniques may also make the detection of basal cells difficult. Improving the sensitivity of current basal cell markers is critical if these tests are being used to help make diagnostic decisions in conjunction with standard histology. In this study, we test the hypothesis that that inclusion of both 34betaE12 and p63 in the same IHC reaction (basal cell cocktail) is advantageous over either marker used alone. One thousand three hundred fifty glands from 9 trans-urethral resectioned of prostate specimens with benign prostatic hypertrophy were used to study the immunostaining intensity and pattern for 34betaE12, p63, and the basal cell cocktail. Basal cell marker expression was scored as strong, moderate, weak, or negative. Basal cell staining was considered complete if 75% of the gland's circumference was positive for the basal cell marker and partial if <25% of the circumference was stained. The mean staining intensity and variance were calculated for 34betaE12, p63, and the basal cell cocktail. A paired test was used to evaluate whether the overall basal cell staining was significantly different between 34betaE12, p63, and the basal cell cocktail. F-test was used to assess the variances for 34betaE12, p63, and the basal cell cocktail. A high-density tissue microarray (TMA) comprising prostate tissue from 103 tumors from men with clinically localized Pca and a separate TMA comprising metastatic hormone-refractory Pca samples from 23 rapid autopsy cases were used to study the aberrant expression of 34betaE12 and p63 in clinically localized and poorly differentiated Pca. The prostate glands in transition zone have variable basal cell staining intensity and pattern with 34betaE12, p63, or the cocktail. Histologically, benign glands lack basal cell lining in 2%, 6%, and 2% of glands with cocktail, 34betaE12, and p63 staining, respectively. The staining variance for the cocktail is significantly smaller than that for 34betaE12 (0.0100 vs 0.1559, p = 0.0008). It is also smaller than that for p63, although a statistical significance has not been reached (0.0100 vs 0.0345, p = 0.099). The basal cell cocktail stains the basal cell layers more intensely than either 34betaE12 or p63 alone, with complete and partial strong basal cell staining in 93% and 1% of benign glands, compared with 55% and 4% with 34betaE12 and 81% and 1% with p63. Complete and partial weak staining is seen in 0% and 0% of benign glands with basal cell cocktail, compared with 8% and 7% with 34betaE12 and 4% and 1% with p63 (p = 0.007 and 0.014 for cocktail vs 34betaE12 and cocktail vs p63, respectively). A total of 2.8% clinically localized Pca had positive 34betaE12 staining and 0.3% had positive p63 staining. Five (22%) of the metastatic Pca is positive for 34betaE12. However, none had p63 expression. The basal cell cocktail had a staining pattern identical to that of 34betaE12. IHC of the prostatic glands from the transition zone is subjected to staining variability that results in frequent variable and occasional negative basal cell staining in histologically benign glands; 34betaE12 is most susceptible, and basal cell cocktail is least susceptible to such variability. Basal cell cocktail not only increases the sensitivity of the basal cell detection, but also reduces the staining variability and therefore renders the basal cell immunostaining more consistent. We recommend this basal cell cocktail for routine Pca diagnostic work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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12
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Katz DS, Scheraga JL, Poster RB, Rooney MT, Santelli ED, Groskin SA. A 12-year-old girl with a bladder mass. Clin Imaging 1996; 20:64-7. [PMID: 8846313 DOI: 10.1016/0899-7071(95)00020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D S Katz
- Department of Radiology, State University of New York Health Science Center at Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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13
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D'Amico A, Ficarra V, Mastroeni F, Caleffi G, Porcaro A, Schiavone D, Mobilio G. La citogenetica e la genetica molecolare nella prognosi del carcinoma della vescica: Cytogenetics and molecular genetics in bladder carcinoma prognosis. Urologia 1995. [DOI: 10.1177/039156039506200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of cytogenetics in the characterization of bladder tumours has made it possible to demonstrate that chromosomal alterations are correlated with stage and grade of the tumour and have a predictive value as regards both tumour recurrences and progression. In the last decade the chromosomes involved in the main aberrations have been identified, and a negative prognostic significance has been suggested for some chromosomal aberrations. The knowledge of cytogenetics has been deepened by the sophisticated methods of molecular genetics, that have discovered many oncogenes and suppressor genes probably involved in the development of bladder tumours. The most characteristic molecular alterations of these tumours are losses of genetic information on chromosomes 9, 11 and 17, as a consequence of deletions and/or mutations. Such alterations probably cause the loss and/or the inactivation of suppressor genes (partly hypothetic still) and could represent important predictive factors of tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. D'Amico
- Cattedra e Divisione Clinicizzata di Urologia - Ospedale Policlinico - Verona
| | - V. Ficarra
- Cattedra e Divisione Clinicizzata di Urologia - Ospedale Policlinico - Verona
| | - F. Mastroeni
- Cattedra e Divisione Clinicizzata di Urologia - Ospedale Policlinico - Verona
| | - G. Caleffi
- Cattedra e Divisione Clinicizzata di Urologia - Ospedale Policlinico - Verona
| | - A. Porcaro
- Cattedra e Divisione Clinicizzata di Urologia - Ospedale Policlinico - Verona
| | - D. Schiavone
- Cattedra e Divisione Clinicizzata di Urologia - Ospedale Policlinico - Verona
| | - G. Mobilio
- Cattedra e Divisione Clinicizzata di Urologia - Ospedale Policlinico - Verona
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Abstract
Recent investigations have given a clearer insight into the genetic progression of bladder cancer. In this review we identify the clinical courses of bladder cancer, review the basic concepts of carcinogenesis, and focus on the specific cytogenetic and molecular alterations observed in bladder cancer. Progression models to superficial and invasive disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Simoneau
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles 90033-0800
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15
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Spasari A, Scalfari A, Ventrice A, Falvo F, Pirritano D, Ventrici F, Lanza P. Bladder tumours in the young: Our experience. Urologia 1994. [DOI: 10.1177/039156039406100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last ten years (1983–1993) we treated 18 patients, 17 men and 1 woman, less than 40 years old, with bladder tumour: nine were 15 to 30 years old. The mean follow-up is 40 months. All the patients are living. Of the 18, 2 (more than 30 years old) have had resectable recurrences, in one (27 years old), cystectomy and continent urinary diversion was performed for invasive disease. We think that all patients regardless of age, should be treated as aggressively as necessary on the basis of the stage and grade of the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Spasari
- Divisione Urologica - Ospedale “A. Pugliese” - Catanzaro
- Divisione Urologica, Ospedale Pugliese - Viale Pio X - 88100 Catanzaro - Italy
| | - A. Scalfari
- Divisione Urologica - Ospedale “A. Pugliese” - Catanzaro
| | - A.G. Ventrice
- Divisione Urologica - Ospedale “A. Pugliese” - Catanzaro
| | - F. Falvo
- Divisione Urologica - Ospedale “A. Pugliese” - Catanzaro
| | - D. Pirritano
- Divisione Urologica - Ospedale “A. Pugliese” - Catanzaro
| | - F. Ventrici
- Divisione Urologica - Ospedale “A. Pugliese” - Catanzaro
| | - P. Lanza
- Divisione Urologica - Ospedale “A. Pugliese” - Catanzaro
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Kutarski PW, Padwell A. Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in young adults. BRITISH JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 1993; 72:749-55. [PMID: 8281408 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb16261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A retrospective survey of young servicemen presenting with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder aged 40 years or below is presented, 19 such patients having been identified over a 20-year period. The results were compared with those of other similar series. The tumour behaviour appears to vary with age at presentation, its propensity for multifocal presentation, recurrence, progression to invasion and mortality all rising over the first 4 decades of life. These trends appear to be linked to grade and stage at presentation, and also tend to rise with age rather than altered tumour behaviour. The follow-up of young adults should thus be the same as for older patients presenting with the same grade and stage tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Kutarski
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Military Hospital, London
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