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Chang CY, Dai W, Hu SSJ. Cannabidiol enhances socially transmitted food preference: a role of acetylcholine in the mouse basal forebrain. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06670-1. [PMID: 39158618 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Rodents acquire food information from their conspecifics and display a preference for the conspecifics' consumed food. This social learning of food information from others promotes the survival of a species, and it is introduced as the socially transmitted food preference (STFP) task. The cholinergic system in the basal forebrain plays a role in the acquisition of STFP. Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the most abundant phytocannabinoids, exerts its therapeutic potential for cognitive deficits through versatile mechanisms of action, including its interaction with the cholinergic system. We hypothesize a positive relationship between CBD and STFP because acetylcholine (ACh) is involved in STFP, and CBD increases the ACh levels in the basal forebrain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were trained to acquire the STFP task. We examined whether CBD affects STFP memory by administering CBD (20 mg/kg, i.p.) before the STFP social training. The involvement of cholinergic system in CBD's effect on STFP was examined by knockdown of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE), applying a nonselective muscarinic antagonist SCO (3 mg/kg, i.p.) before CBD treatment, and measuring the basal forebrain ACh levels in the CBD-treated mice. RESULTS We first showed that CBD enhanced STFP memory. Knockdown of brain AChE also enhanced STFP memory, which mimicked CBD's effect on STFP. SCO blocked CBD's memory-enhancing effect on STFP. Our most significant finding is that the basal forebrain ACh levels in the CBD-treated mice, but not their control counterparts, were positively correlated with mice's STFP memory performance. CONCLUSION This study indicates that CBD enhances STFP memory in mice. Specifically, those which respond to CBD by increasing the muscarinic-mediated ACh signaling perform better in their STFP memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Chang
- Cannabinoid Signaling Laboratory, Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wen Dai
- Cannabinoid Signaling Laboratory, Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Sherry Shu-Jung Hu
- Cannabinoid Signaling Laboratory, Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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Paschen E, Kleis P, Vieira DM, Heining K, Boehler C, Egert U, Häussler U, Haas CA. On-demand low-frequency stimulation for seizure control: efficacy and behavioural implications. Brain 2024; 147:505-520. [PMID: 37675644 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), the most common form of focal epilepsy in adults, is often refractory to medication and associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Deep brain stimulation represents an alternative treatment option for drug-resistant patients who are ineligible for resective brain surgery. In clinical practice, closed-loop stimulation at high frequencies is applied to interrupt ongoing seizures, yet has (i) a high incidence of false detections; (ii) the drawback of delayed seizure-suppressive intervention; and (iii) limited success in sclerotic tissue. As an alternative, low-frequency stimulation (LFS) has been explored recently in patients with focal epilepsies. In preclinical epilepsy models, hippocampal LFS successfully prevented seizures when applied continuously. Since it would be advantageous to reduce the stimulation load, we developed a protocol for on-demand LFS. Given the importance of the hippocampus for navigation and memory, we investigated potential consequences of LFS on hippocampal function. To this end, we used the intrahippocampal kainate mouse model, which recapitulates the key features of MTLE, including spontaneous seizure activity and hippocampal sclerosis. Specifically, our online detection algorithm monitored epileptiform activity in hippocampal local field potential recordings and identified short epileptiform bursts preceding focal seizure clusters, triggering hippocampal LFS to stabilize the network state. To probe behavioural performance, we tested the acute influence of LFS on anxiety-like behaviour in the light-dark box test, spatial and non-spatial memory in the object location memory and novel object recognition test, as well as spatial navigation and long-term memory in the Barnes maze. On-demand LFS was almost as effective as continuous LFS in preventing focal seizure clusters but with a significantly lower stimulation load. When we compared the behavioural performance of chronically epileptic mice to healthy controls, we found that both groups were equally mobile, but epileptic mice displayed an increased anxiety level, altered spatial learning strategy and impaired memory performance. Most importantly, with the application of hippocampal LFS before behavioural training and test sessions, we could rule out deleterious effects on cognition and even show an alleviation of deficits in long-term memory recall in chronically epileptic mice. Taken together, our findings may provide a promising alternative to current therapies, overcoming some of their major limitations, and inspire further investigation of LFS for seizure control in focal epilepsy syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enya Paschen
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Piret Kleis
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Diego M Vieira
- Biomicrotechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Katharina Heining
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Christian Boehler
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Bioelectronic Microtechnology (BEMT), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Ulrich Egert
- Biomicrotechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79108, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Ute Häussler
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Carola A Haas
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
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Huf F, Gutierres JM, da Silva GN, Zago AM, Koenig LFC, Fernandes MC. Neuroprotection elicited by taurine in sporadic Alzheimer-like disease: benefits on memory and control of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04872-3. [PMID: 37874493 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze whether taurine has a nootropic effect on short-term and long-term memory in a model of sporadic dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT). Moreover, we evaluated the immunoreactivity and insulin receptor (IR) distribution and markers for neurons and glial cells in the hippocampus of rats with SDAT and treated with taurine. For this, Male Wistar rats received STZ (ICV, 3 mg/kg, bilateral, 5ul per site, aCFS vehicle) and were treated with taurine (100 mg/kg orally, 1 time per day, saline vehicle) for 25 days. The animals were divided into 4 groups: vehicle (VE), taurine (TAU), ICV-STZ (STZ) and ICV-STZ plus taurine (STZ + TAU). At the end of taurine treatment, short- and long-term memory were assessed by performance on object recognition and Y-maze tasks. Insulin receptor (IR) was evaluated by immunoperoxidase while mature neurons (NeuN), astrocytes (GFAP, S100B, SOX9), and microglia (Iba-1) were evaluated by immunofluorescence. STZ induced worse spatial and recognition memory (INDEX) in YM and ORT tasks. Taurine protected against STZ-induced memory impairment. SDAT reduced the population of mature neurons as well as increased astrocytic and microglial reactivity, and taurine protected against these STZ-induced effects, mainly in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Taurine increases IR expression in the hippocampus, and protects against the reduction in the density of this receptor in CA1 induced by STZ. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that taurine is able to enhance memory, up-regulates IR in the hippocampus, protects the neuron population, and reduces the astrogliosis found in SDAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Huf
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite, 245, Room 514 - Building 3, Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessié Martins Gutierres
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite, 245, Room 514 - Building 3, Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gabrielle N da Silva
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite, 245, Room 514 - Building 3, Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana M Zago
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite, 245, Room 514 - Building 3, Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe C Koenig
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite, 245, Room 514 - Building 3, Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Marilda C Fernandes
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite, 245, Room 514 - Building 3, Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, RS, Brazil.
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Butola T, Hernández Frausto M, Blankvoort S, Flatset MS, Peng L, Elmaleh M, Hairston A, Hussain F, Clopath C, Kentros C, Basu J. Hippocampus shapes cortical sensory output and novelty coding through a direct feedback circuit. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3270016. [PMID: 37674706 PMCID: PMC10479401 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3270016/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
To extract behaviorally relevant information from our surroundings, our brains constantly integrate and compare incoming sensory information with those stored as memories. Cortico-hippocampal interactions could mediate such interplay between sensory processing and memory recall1-4 but this remains to be demonstrated. Recent work parsing entorhinal cortex-to-hippocampus circuitry show its role in episodic memory formation5-7 and spatial navigation8. However, the organization and function of the hippocampus-to-cortex back-projection circuit remains uncharted. We combined circuit mapping, physiology and behavior with optogenetic manipulations, and computational modeling to reveal how hippocampal feedback modulates cortical sensory activity and behavioral output. Here we show a new direct hippocampal projection to entorhinal cortex layer 2/3, the very layer that projects multisensory input to the hippocampus. Our finding challenges the canonical cortico-hippocampal circuit model where hippocampal feedback only reaches entorhinal cortex layer 2/3 indirectly via layer 5. This direct hippocampal input integrates with cortical sensory inputs in layer 2/3 neurons to drive their plasticity and spike output, and provides an important novelty signal during behavior for coding objects and their locations. Through the sensory-memory feedback loop, hippocampus can update real-time cortical sensory processing, efficiently and iteratively, thereby imparting the salient context for adaptive learned behaviors with new experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Butola
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health; New York City, 10016, USA
| | - M. Hernández Frausto
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health; New York City, 10016, USA
| | - S. Blankvoort
- Centre for Neural Computation, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim, Norway
| | - M. S. Flatset
- Centre for Neural Computation, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim, Norway
| | - L. Peng
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health; New York City, 10016, USA
| | - M. Elmaleh
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health; New York City, 10016, USA
| | - A. Hairston
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health; New York City, 10016, USA
| | - F. Hussain
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health; New York City, 10016, USA
| | - C. Clopath
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London; London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C. Kentros
- Centre for Neural Computation, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim, Norway
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon; Eugene, United States
| | - J. Basu
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health; New York City, 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York City, 10016, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York City, 10016, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Castro MFV, Assmann CE, Stefanello N, Reichert KP, Palma TV, da Silva AD, Miron VV, Mostardeiro VB, Morsch VMM, Schetinger MRC. Caffeic acid attenuates neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Pivotal role of the cholinergic and purinergic signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 115:109280. [PMID: 36796549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of caffeic acid (CA) on behavioral learning and memory tasks in the diabetic state. We also evaluated the effect of this phenolic acid on the enzymatic activities of acetylcholinesterase, ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, ecto-5-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase as well as on the density of M1R, α7nAChR, P2×7R, A1R, A2AR, and inflammatory parameters in the cortex and hippocampus of diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). The animals were divided into six groups: control/vehicle; control/CA 10 and 50 mg/kg; diabetic/vehicle; diabetic/CA 10 and 50 mg/kg, treated by gavage. The results showed that CA improved learning and memory deficits in diabetic rats. Also, CA reversed the increase in acetylcholinesterase and adenosine deaminase activities and reduced ATP and ADP hydrolysis. Moreover, CA increased the density of M1R, α7nAChR, and A1R receptors and reversed the increase in P2×7R and A2AR density in both evaluated structures. In addition, CA treatment attenuated the increase in NLRP3, caspase 1, and interleukin 1β density in the diabetic state; moreover, it increased the density of interleukin-10 in the diabetic/CA 10 mg/kg group. The results indicated that CA treatment positively modified the activities of cholinergic and purinergic enzymes and the density of receptors, and improved the inflammatory parameters of diabetic animals. Thus, the outcomes suggest that this phenolic acid could improve the cognitive deficit linked to cholinergic and purinergic signaling in the diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Fanny Vera Castro
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Naiara Stefanello
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Paula Reichert
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Taís Vidal Palma
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aniélen Dutra da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Valéria Miron
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bastianello Mostardeiro
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Melchiors Morsch
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Haseeb M, Javaid N, Yasmeen F, Jeong U, Han JH, Yoon J, Seo JY, Heo JK, Shin HC, Kim MS, Kim W, Choi S. Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of NLRP3 Inflammasome Reverses Cognitive Impairment in an Alzheimer's Disease Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:818-833. [PMID: 35196855 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an essential role in multiple diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and psoriasis. We report a novel small-molecule inhibitor, NLRP3-inhibitory compound 7 (NIC7), and its derivative, which inhibit NLRP3-mediated activation of caspase 1 along with the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and lactate dehydrogenase. We examined the therapeutic potential of NIC7 in a disease model of AD by analyzing its effect on cognitive impairment as well as the expression of dopamine receptors and neuronal markers. NIC7 significantly reversed the associated disease symptoms in the mice model. On the other hand, NIC7 did not reverse the disease symptoms in the imiquimod (IMQ)-induced disease model of psoriasis. This indicates that IMQ-based psoriasis is independent of NLRP3. Overall, NIC7 and its derivative have therapeutic prospects to treat AD or NLRP3-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haseeb
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Korea
| | - Nasir Javaid
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Farzana Yasmeen
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Uisuk Jeong
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Han
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Juhwan Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jee Yeon Seo
- Whan In Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 11, Beobwon-ro 6-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05855, Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Heo
- Whan In Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 11, Beobwon-ro 6-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05855, Korea
| | - Ho Chul Shin
- Whan In Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 11, Beobwon-ro 6-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05855, Korea
| | - Moon Suk Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Korea
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Riet F, Mittelhaeuser C, Lux A, Bour R, Selloum M, Sorg T, Herault Y, Meziane H. Behavioral Testing Design for Evaluation of Cognitive Disabilities. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e382. [PMID: 35195951 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disabilities (ID) constitute a class of human neurodevelopmental diseases and are a major medical and socioeconomic problem owing to their high incidence and enormous burden to the families of those affected. In the past three decades, mutant mouse technologies have provided powerful tools for elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying behavioral and developmental alterations related to IDs and for addressing new therapeutic strategies, and major progress has been made revealing previously unidentified genes involved in ID. However, the pathological hallmarks of IDs are very heterogeneous in regard to both the functional deficits observed and the severity of the phenotype, even within the same mutation types. For this reason, an appropriate experimental design is required to reduce the risk of false negatives and positives in animal functional genomic studies. This experimental design should address functions important to evaluate, tests, and the appropriate workflow. Here, we propose an extensive behavioral screen with detailed protocols, which was successfully used in a systematic mouse functional genomic approach to gain pathway-based insights into mechanisms leading to cognitive dysfunction in humans. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Assessment of circadian activity and ingestive behavior Basic Protocol 2: Assessment of neurological reflexes and motor abilities using the grip and rotarod tests Basic Protocol 3: Evaluation of anxiety-related behavior using the elevated plus maze Basic Protocol 4: Evaluation of recognition memory using the object recognition task Basic Protocol 5: Evaluation of social behavior using the social recognition test Basic Protocol 6: Evaluation of working memory using the Y-maze spontaneous alternation test Basic Protocol 7: Evaluation of emotional learning and memory using the fear conditioning test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Riet
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch, France
| | - Christophe Mittelhaeuser
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch, France
| | - Aline Lux
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch, France
| | - Raphael Bour
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch, France
| | - Mohammed Selloum
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch, France
| | - Tania Sorg
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Hamid Meziane
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch, France
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Reaction to novelty as a behavioral assay of recognition memory in homing pigeons and Japanese quail. Learn Behav 2021; 50:167-177. [PMID: 34918205 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-021-00499-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous novelty preference is apparent in a wide array of animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish. This provides a powerful behavioral assay to assess whether an animal can recognize a diverse array of stimuli in a common paradigm. Surprisingly, no research has been conducted in birds using novelty approach under conditions comparable to the spontaneous object recognition (SOR) protocols that have become standard across other animals. To correct this, the current study adapts a number of SOR protocols commonly used in mammals to characterize novelty approach in Silver King pigeons and Japanese quail. We show that, in general, both quail and pigeons readily approach novel objects or locations when tested using SOR protocols, although pigeons show a neophilic response under some conditions in which quail do not. Neither quail nor pigeons readily approach objects in novel contexts or novel locations. These data show that SOR can be successfully adapted to birds, allowing for more direct comparison between mammals and birds in tasks of shared ecological relevance.
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Hegazy R, Mansour D, Salama A, Hassan A, Saleh D. Exposure to intranasal chromium triggers dose and time-dependent behavioral and neurotoxicological defects in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112220. [PMID: 33845363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extensive recorded environmental and occupational dispersal of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) dust contributes to an increased interest in its toxicological consequences. A previous study of our team described a brain injury induced by acute intranasal instillation of Cr(VI) in rats, which was characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. This proposed a high risk of brain damage among Cr(VI) exposed individuals either environmentally or occupationally especially through the nasal cavity. Accordingly, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of subacute/subsubacute/subchronic exposure to intranasal potassium dichromate (inPDC) solution in three dose levels (0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 mg/kg/day for five successive days/week) for 3 different intervals/dose: two weeks, one month, and two months, on the brain of rats. The rats were sacrificed 24 h following the last inPDC dose. The locomotor activity, motor coordination, and object recognition behavior of the rats have been measured. Evaluation of oxidative stress; evidenced by lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione, and inflammatory markers; evidenced by interleukin 1-beta in the brain tissues, as well as the brain PI3K and PKB contents were performed. Furthermore, the brain anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); marker of neurotoxicity was assessed immunohistochemically. Brain histopathological alterations were also studied. The findings of the current study revealed a dose- and time-dependent inPDC-induced brain toxicity in rats, as displayed by the biochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation. Behaviorally, the major toxic effects of inPDC were observed on the locomotor and cognition functions, however, minor effects were observed on the motor coordination. The results suggest that short-term exposure to intranasal Cr(VI), in theses doses, does not trigger a major brain injury in rats; however, observation of more toxic alterations in a time-dependent manner is a threat of more sever toxicity upon longer exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dina Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
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Muscarinic M1, but not M4, receptor antagonism impairs divided attention in male rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 205:173184. [PMID: 33836220 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Divided attention may be more important than ever to comprehend, given ubiquitous distractors in modern living. In humans, concern has been expressed about the negative impact of distraction in education, the home, and the workplace. While acetylcholine supports divided attention, in part via muscarinic receptors, little is known about the specific muscarinic subtypes that may contribute. We designed a novel, high-response rate test of auditory sustained attention, in which rats complete variable-ratio runs on one of two levers, rather than emitting a single response. By doing this, we can present a secondary visual distractor task during some trials, for which a correct nosepoke response is reinforced with a more palatable food pellet. The nonspecific muscarinic antagonist scopolamine impaired performance, and slowed and reduced lever press activity. We then explored antagonists that preferentially block the M1 and M4 subtypes, because these receptors are potential therapeutic targets for cognitive enhancers. Telenzepine, an M1-preferring antagonist, impaired divided attention performance, but not performance of the attention task without distraction. Telenzepine also had fewer nonspecific effects than scopolamine. In contrast, the M4-preferring antagonist tropicamide had no effects. Analysis of overall behavior also indicated that accuracy in the main attention task decreased as a function of engagement with the distractor task. These results implicate the M1 receptor in divided attention.
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11
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Mooney-Leber SM, Zeid D, Garcia-Trevizo P, Seemiller LR, Bogue MA, Grubb SC, Peltz G, Gould TJ. Genetic Differences in Dorsal Hippocampus Acetylcholinesterase Activity Predict Contextual Fear Learning Across Inbred Mouse Strains. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:737897. [PMID: 34733190 PMCID: PMC8558262 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.737897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning is a critical behavioral process that is influenced by many neurobiological systems. We and others have reported that acetylcholinergic signaling plays a vital role in learning capabilities, and it is especially important for contextual fear learning. Since cholinergic signaling is affected by genetic background, we examined the genetic relationship between activity levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the primary enzyme involved in the acetylcholine metabolism, and learning using a panel of 20 inbred mouse strains. We measured conditioned fear behavior and AChE activity in the dorsal hippocampus, ventral hippocampus, and cerebellum. Acetylcholinesterase activity varied among inbred mouse strains in all three brain regions, and there were significant inter-strain differences in contextual and cued fear conditioning. There was an inverse correlation between fear conditioning outcomes and AChE levels in the dorsal hippocampus. In contrast, the ventral hippocampus and cerebellum AChE levels were not correlated with fear conditioning outcomes. These findings strengthen the link between acetylcholine activity in the dorsal hippocampus and learning, and they also support the premise that the dorsal hippocampus and ventral hippocampus are functionally discrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Mooney-Leber
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI, United States
| | - Dana Zeid
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Prescilla Garcia-Trevizo
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Laurel R Seemiller
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Molly A Bogue
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | | | - Gary Peltz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
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12
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Meta-analysis of cognitive and behavioral tests in leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient mice. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:217-235. [PMID: 33316303 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone produced by adipocytes that regulates food intake and metabolism. Leptin-related gene-deficient mice, such as db/db and ob/ob mice, are widely used to study diabetes and its related diseases. However, broad effects of leptin appear to cause variability in behavioral test results. We performed a meta-analysis of major behavioral tests in db/db and ob/ob mice. These mice exhibited significant impairments in the Morris water maze, forced swim, novel object recognition, Y-maze, tail suspension, and light-dark box tests, whereas the elevated plus maze and open field tests did not reveal significant changes. We also performed correlation and regression analyses between the animals' performances and the experimental protocols and conditions. The memory-related tests were characterized by the correlations of their results with animal age, while the performances in the elevated plus-maze and forced swim tests were affected by the width of the devices used. In conclusion, db/db and ob/ob mice mainly exhibit memory deficits and depression-like behavior, although experimenters should be aware of animal age and device size in conducting experiments.
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13
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Richetin K, Steullet P, Pachoud M, Perbet R, Parietti E, Maheswaran M, Eddarkaoui S, Bégard S, Pythoud C, Rey M, Caillierez R, Q Do K, Halliez S, Bezzi P, Buée L, Leuba G, Colin M, Toni N, Déglon N. Tau accumulation in astrocytes of the dentate gyrus induces neuronal dysfunction and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:1567-1579. [PMID: 33169029 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of the tau protein in neurons, neurodegeneration and memory loss. However, the role of non-neuronal cells in this chain of events remains unclear. In the present study, we found accumulation of tau in hilar astrocytes of the dentate gyrus of individuals with AD. In mice, the overexpression of 3R tau specifically in hilar astrocytes of the dentate gyrus altered mitochondrial dynamics and function. In turn, these changes led to a reduction of adult neurogenesis, parvalbumin-expressing neurons, inhibitory synapses and hilar gamma oscillations, which were accompanied by impaired spatial memory performances. Together, these results indicate that the loss of tau homeostasis in hilar astrocytes of the dentate gyrus is sufficient to induce AD-like symptoms, through the impairment of the neuronal network. These results are important for our understanding of disease mechanisms and underline the crucial role of astrocytes in hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Richetin
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Neuroscience Research Center (CRN), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Clinical Neuroscience (DNC), Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Steullet
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Pachoud
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Neuroscience Research Center (CRN), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience (DNC), Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Perbet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Enea Parietti
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathischan Maheswaran
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Neuroscience Research Center (CRN), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience (DNC), Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabiha Eddarkaoui
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Séverine Bégard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Catherine Pythoud
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Neuroscience Research Center (CRN), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience (DNC), Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Rey
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Neuroscience Research Center (CRN), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience (DNC), Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphaëlle Caillierez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Kim Q Do
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Halliez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Paola Bezzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Geneviève Leuba
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Morvane Colin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Toni
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Neuroscience Research Center (CRN), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience (DNC), Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Ito Y, Sato R, Tamai Y, Hiryu S, Uekita T, Kobayasi KI. Auditory-induced visual illusions in rodents measured by spontaneous behavioural response. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19211. [PMID: 31844094 PMCID: PMC6914771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
When two brief sounds are presented with a short flash of light, we often perceive that the flash blinks twice. This phenomenon, called the “sound-induced flash illusion”, has been investigated as an example of how humans finely integrate multisensory information, more specifically, the temporal content of perception. However, it is unclear whether nonhuman animals experience the illusion. Therefore, we investigated whether the Mongolian gerbil, a rodent with relatively good eyesight, experiences this illusion. The novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm was used to evaluate the gerbil’s natural (i.e., untrained) capacity for multimodal integration. A light-emitting diode embedded within an object presented time-varying visual stimuli (different flashing patterns). The animals were first familiarised with repetitive single flashes. Then, various sound stimuli were introduced during test trials. An increase in exploration suggested that the animals perceived a flashing pattern differently only when the contradicting sound (double beeps) was presented simultaneously with a single flash. This result shows that the gerbil may experience the sound-induced flash illusion and indicates for the first time that rodents may have the capacity to integrate temporal content of perception in a sophisticated manner as do humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ito
- Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Yuta Tamai
- Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Shizuko Hiryu
- Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uekita
- Department of Psychology, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Yamada-cho, Oyake, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8175, Japan
| | - Kohta I Kobayasi
- Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, 610-0394, Japan.
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15
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APOE genetic background and sex confer different vulnerabilities to postnatal chlorpyrifos exposure and modulate the response to cholinergic drugs. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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Rosenbrock H, Giovannini R, Schänzle G, Koros E, Runge F, Fuchs H, Marti A, Reymann KG, Schröder UH, Fedele E, Dorner-Ciossek C. The Novel Phosphodiesterase 9A Inhibitor BI 409306 Increases Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Levels in the Brain, Promotes Synaptic Plasticity, and Enhances Memory Function in Rodents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:633-641. [PMID: 31578258 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.260059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) is an established cellular model underlying learning and memory, and involves intracellular signaling mediated by the second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). As phosphodiesterase (PDE)9A selectively hydrolyses cGMP in areas of the brain related to cognition, PDE9A inhibitors may improve cognitive function by enhancing NMDA receptor-dependent LTP. This study aimed to pharmacologically characterize BI 409306, a novel PDE9A inhibitor, using in vitro assays and in vivo determination of cGMP levels in the brain. Further, the effects of BI 409306 on synaptic plasticity evaluated by LTP in ex vivo hippocampal slices and on cognitive performance in rodents were also investigated. In vitro assays demonstrated that BI 409306 is a potent and selective inhibitor of human and rat PDE9A with mean concentrations at half-maximal inhibition (IC50) of 65 and 168 nM. BI 409306 increased cGMP levels in rat prefrontal cortex and cerebrospinal fluid and attenuated a reduction in mouse striatum cGMP induced by the NMDA-receptor antagonist MK-801. In ex vivo rat brain slices, BI 409306 enhanced LTP induced by both weak and strong tetanic stimulation. Treatment of mice with BI 409306 reversed MK-801-induced working memory deficits in a T-maze spontaneous-alternation task and improved long-term memory in an object recognition task. These findings suggest that BI 409306 is a potent and selective inhibitor of PDE9A. BI 409306 shows target engagement by increasing cGMP levels in brain, facilitates synaptic plasticity as demonstrated by enhancement of hippocampal LTP, and improves episodic and working memory function in rodents. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This preclinical study demonstrates that BI 409306 is a potent and selective PDE9A inhibitor in rodents. Treatment with BI 409306 increased brain cGMP levels, promoted long-term potentiation, and improved episodic and working memory performance in rodents. These findings support a role for PDE9A in synaptic plasticity and cognition. The potential benefits of BI 409306 are currently being investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Rosenbrock
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach an der Riss, Germany (H.R., R.G., G.S., E.K., F.R., H.F., A.M., C.D.-C.); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (K.G.R., U.H.S.); and Department of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy (E.F.)
| | - Riccardo Giovannini
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach an der Riss, Germany (H.R., R.G., G.S., E.K., F.R., H.F., A.M., C.D.-C.); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (K.G.R., U.H.S.); and Department of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy (E.F.)
| | - Gerhard Schänzle
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach an der Riss, Germany (H.R., R.G., G.S., E.K., F.R., H.F., A.M., C.D.-C.); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (K.G.R., U.H.S.); and Department of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy (E.F.)
| | - Eliza Koros
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach an der Riss, Germany (H.R., R.G., G.S., E.K., F.R., H.F., A.M., C.D.-C.); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (K.G.R., U.H.S.); and Department of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy (E.F.)
| | - Frank Runge
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach an der Riss, Germany (H.R., R.G., G.S., E.K., F.R., H.F., A.M., C.D.-C.); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (K.G.R., U.H.S.); and Department of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy (E.F.)
| | - Holger Fuchs
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach an der Riss, Germany (H.R., R.G., G.S., E.K., F.R., H.F., A.M., C.D.-C.); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (K.G.R., U.H.S.); and Department of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy (E.F.)
| | - Anelise Marti
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach an der Riss, Germany (H.R., R.G., G.S., E.K., F.R., H.F., A.M., C.D.-C.); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (K.G.R., U.H.S.); and Department of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy (E.F.)
| | - Klaus G Reymann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach an der Riss, Germany (H.R., R.G., G.S., E.K., F.R., H.F., A.M., C.D.-C.); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (K.G.R., U.H.S.); and Department of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy (E.F.)
| | - Ulrich H Schröder
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach an der Riss, Germany (H.R., R.G., G.S., E.K., F.R., H.F., A.M., C.D.-C.); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (K.G.R., U.H.S.); and Department of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy (E.F.)
| | - Ernesto Fedele
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach an der Riss, Germany (H.R., R.G., G.S., E.K., F.R., H.F., A.M., C.D.-C.); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (K.G.R., U.H.S.); and Department of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy (E.F.)
| | - Cornelia Dorner-Ciossek
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach an der Riss, Germany (H.R., R.G., G.S., E.K., F.R., H.F., A.M., C.D.-C.); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (K.G.R., U.H.S.); and Department of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy (E.F.)
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17
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Murakami Y, Imamura Y, Saito K, Sakai D, Motoyama J. Altered kynurenine pathway metabolites in a mouse model of human attention-deficit hyperactivity/autism spectrum disorders: A potential new biological diagnostic marker. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13182. [PMID: 31515500 PMCID: PMC6742629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deleterious mutations in patchd1 domain containing 1 (PTCHD1) gene have been identified in patients with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To clarify the causal relationship between Ptchd1 deficiency and behavioral defects relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders, we generated global Ptchd1 knockout (KO) mice. Ptchd1 KO mice displayed hyperlocomotion, increased impulsivity, and lower recognition memory, which resemble attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like behaviors. Acute or chronic treatment with atomoxetine ameliorated almost all behavioral deficits in Pthcd1 KO mice. We next determined possible involvement of the kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites in neurodevelopmental disorders in Ptchd1 KO mice and assessed the potential of KP metabolites as biomarkers for ADHD and/or ASD. Ptchd1 KO mice showed drastic changes in KP metabolite concentrations in the serum and the brain, indicating that the activated KP is associated with ADHD-like behaviors. Our findings indicate that Ptchd1 KO mice can be used as an animal model of human ADHD and/or ASD, and KP metabolites are potential diagnostic biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Murakami
- Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan. .,Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yukio Imamura
- Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan.,Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan.,Division of General Education, Biology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Jun Motoyama
- Laboratory of Development Neurobiology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
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18
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Strain and sex-based glucocentric & behavioral differences between KK/HlJ and C57BL/6J mice. Physiol Behav 2019; 210:112646. [PMID: 31400379 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Small-animal models are the most widely used preclinical model for studying the etiology, pathology and treatment of diabetes, prediabetes and diabetic comorbidities. Diabetic patients are burdened with higher rates of depression, anxiety and cognitive decline due to inadequate control of blood glucose levels, vascular damage and aberrant CNS insulin signaling. The C57BL/6J model is amongst the most widely used mouse model due to its susceptibility to diet-induced obesity (DIO). This strain has also been well-characterized in behavioral research studies. However the C57BL/6J model has a number of limitations: [1] overt fasting hyperglycemia can only be induced by dietary manipulation and/or chemical ablation of the pancreatic beta cells. [2] There is heterogeneity in the obesogenic response to hypercaloric feeding as well as sex-dependent differences, with males being more responsive. The KK inbred strain has been used to study aspects of the metabolic syndrome and prediabetes due to inherent glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. However KK/HlJ mice are less well-characterized and there have been fewer behavioral studies reported. The aim of this study was to examine differences in male and female glucocentric parameters between KK/HlJ and C57BL/6J mice, and to compare their performance in a variety of standard behavioral tests relating to general, anxiogenic and cognitive paradigms. METHODS Strain differences in male and female KK/HlJ and C57BL/6J mouse adiposity, glucose and insulin parameters were studied together with group differences in standard Open Field, Object Recognition, Elevated Plus Maze, Light-Dark Transition, Porsolt test, Marble Burying, Social Recognition and Morris Water Maze tests. Correlations between behavioral variables were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In addition to being uniformly larger, hyperinsulinemic and more insulin intolerant than C57BL/6J mice, we observed marked strain and sex-differences in KK/HlJ behavior. KK/HlJ mice exhibited less locomotor and vertical exploratory behavior in comparison to C57BL/6J, whereas object exploration and novel object discrimination were superior in KK/HlJ mice. Female KK/HlJ mice were faster swimmers, whereas the males exhibited greater spatial cognition and place-learning during the MWM test.
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19
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Amano I, Takatsuru Y, Khairinisa MA, Kokubo M, Haijima A, Koibuchi N. Effects of Mild Perinatal Hypothyroidism on Cognitive Function of Adult Male Offspring. Endocrinology 2018. [PMID: 29522169 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mild perinatal hypothyroidism may result from inadequate iodine intake, insufficient treatment of congenital hypothyroidism, or exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Because thyroid hormones are critical for brain development, severe hypothyroidism that is untreated in infancy causes irreversible cretinism. Milder hypothyroidism may also affect cognitive development; however, the effects of mild and/or moderate hypothyroidism on brain development are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the behavior of adult male mice rendered mildly hypothyroid during the perinatal period using low-dose propylthiouracil (PTU). PTU was administered through drinking water (5 or 50 ppm) from gestational day 14 to postnatal day 21. Cognitive performance, studied by an object in-location test (OLT), was impaired in PTU-treated mice at postnatal week 8. These results suggest that, although the hypothyroidism was mild, it partially impaired cognitive function. We next measured the concentration of neurotransmitters (glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, and glycine) in the hippocampus using in vivo microdialysis during OLT. The concentrations of neurotransmitters, particularly glutamate and glycine, decreased in PTU-treated mice. The expression levels of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunits, which are profound regulators of glutamate neurotransmission and memory function, also were decreased in PTU-treated mice. These data indicate that mild perinatal hypothyroidism causes cognitive disorders in adult offspring. Such disorders may be partially induced secondary to decreased concentrations of neurotransmitters and receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuki Amano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takatsuru
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Miski Aghnia Khairinisa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Michifumi Kokubo
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Asahi Haijima
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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Ivachtchenko AV, Lavrovsky Y, Okun I. AVN-101: A Multi-Target Drug Candidate for the Treatment of CNS Disorders. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:583-620. [PMID: 27232215 PMCID: PMC4969713 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lack of efficacy of many new highly selective and specific drug candidates in treating diseases with poorly understood or complex etiology, as are many of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, encouraged an idea of developing multi-modal (multi-targeted) drugs. In this manuscript, we describe molecular pharmacology, in vitro ADME, pharmacokinetics in animals and humans (part of the Phase I clinical studies), bio-distribution, bioavailability, in vivo efficacy, and safety profile of the multimodal drug candidate, AVN-101. We have carried out development of a next generation drug candidate with a multi-targeted mechanism of action, to treat CNS disorders. AVN-101 is a very potent 5-HT7 receptor antagonist (Ki = 153 pM), with slightly lesser potency toward 5-HT6, 5-HT2A, and 5HT-2C receptors (Ki = 1.2–2.0 nM). AVN-101 also exhibits a rather high affinity toward histamine H1 (Ki = 0.58 nM) and adrenergic α2A, α2B, and α2C (Ki = 0.41–3.6 nM) receptors. AVN-101 shows a good oral bioavailability and facilitated brain-blood barrier permeability, low toxicity, and reasonable efficacy in animal models of CNS diseases. The Phase I clinical study indicates the AVN-101 to be well tolerated when taken orally at doses of up to 20 mg daily. It does not dramatically influence plasma and urine biochemistry, nor does it prolong QT ECG interval, thus indicating low safety concerns. The primary therapeutic area for AVN-101 to be tested in clinical trials would be Alzheimer’s disease. However, due to its anxiolytic and anti-depressive activities, there is a strong rational for it to also be studied in such diseases as general anxiety disorders, depression, schizophrenia, and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre V Ivachtchenko
- Alla Chem LLC, Hallandale Beach, FL, USA.,Avineuro Pharmaceuticals Inc., Hallandale Beach, FL, USA
| | | | - Ilya Okun
- Avineuro Pharmaceuticals Inc., Hallandale Beach, FL, USA
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21
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Leighton PLA, Nadolski NJ, Morrill A, Hamilton TJ, Allison WT. An ancient conserved role for prion protein in learning and memory. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.025734. [PMID: 29358166 PMCID: PMC5829491 DOI: 10.1242/bio.025734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The misfolding of cellular prion protein (PrPC) to form PrP Scrapie (PrPSc) is an exemplar of toxic gain-of-function mechanisms inducing propagated protein misfolding and progressive devastating neurodegeneration. Despite this, PrPC function in the brain is also reduced and subverted during prion disease progression; thus understanding the normal function of PrPC in healthy brains is key. Disrupting PrPC in mice has led to a myriad of controversial functions that sometimes map onto disease symptoms, including a proposed role in memory or learning. Intriguingly, PrPC interaction with amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers at synapses has also linked its function to Alzheimer's disease and dementia in recent years. We set out to test the involvement of PrPC in memory using a disparate animal model, the zebrafish. Here we document an age-dependent memory decline in prp2−/− zebrafish, pointing to a conserved and ancient role of PrPC in memory. Specifically, we found that aged (3-year-old) prp2−/− fish performed poorly in an object recognition task relative to age-matched prp2+/+ fish or 1-year-old prp2−/− fish. Further, using a novel object approach (NOA) test, we found that aged (3-year-old) prp2−/− fish approached the novel object more than either age-matched prp2+/+ fish or 1-year-old prp2−/− fish, but did not have decreased anxiety when we tested them in a novel tank diving test. Taken together, the results of the NOA and novel tank diving tests suggest an altered cognitive appraisal of the novel object in the 3-year-old prp2−/− fish. The learning paradigm established here enables a path forward to study PrPC interactions of relevance to Alzheimer's disease and prion diseases, and to screen for candidate therapeutics for these diseases. The findings underpin a need to consider the relative contributions of loss- versus gain-of-function of PrPC during Alzheimer's and prion diseases, and have implications upon the prospects of several promising therapeutic strategies. Summary: Prion protein dysfunction at the synapse impacts learning in Alzheimer disease. Here, we demonstrate similar roles for prion protein in zebrafish, revealing ancient constructive roles for this infamously toxic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L A Leighton
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Nathan J Nadolski
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Adam Morrill
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Trevor J Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada .,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1
| | - W Ted Allison
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada .,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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22
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Richetin K, Petsophonsakul P, Roybon L, Guiard BP, Rampon C. Differential alteration of hippocampal function and plasticity in females and males of the APPxPS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 57:220-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Collison KS, Inglis A, Shibin S, Andres B, Ubungen R, Thiam J, Mata P, Al-Mohanna FA. Differential effects of early-life NMDA receptor antagonism on aspartame-impaired insulin tolerance and behavior. Physiol Behav 2016; 167:209-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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24
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Mesripour A, Moghimi F, Rafieian-Kopaie M. The effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark water extract on memory performance in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Res Pharm Sci 2016; 11:318-23. [PMID: 27651812 PMCID: PMC5022380 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.189308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) has a wide range of beneficial effects including mild glucose lowering activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cinnamon bark extract has the potential to improve memory performance and glucose profiles in diabetic mice. Memory was assessed by the novel object recognition task in male Balb/c mice. In this method, the difference between exploration time of a familiar object and a novel object was considered as an index of memory performance (recognition index, RI). The water extract was prepared by boiling cinnamon bark for 15 min. Alloxan induced diabetes in animals (serum glucose levels were 322 ± 7.5 mg/dL), and also impaired memory performance (RI= -3.3% ± 3.3) which differed significantly from control animals (RI = 32% ± 6.5). Although treatment with cinnamon only reduced fasting blood glucose level moderately but it improved memory performance remarkably (RI = 25.5% ± 5.6). Oxidative stress following administration of cinnamon extract was lower in diabetic mice. It was concluded that cinnamon water extract could be a useful alternative medicine in diabetic patients’ daily regimen which not only reduces blood glucose levels but also improves memory performance and lipid peroxidation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Mesripour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moghimi
- Medical plant research center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, I.R. Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaie
- Medical plant research center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, I.R. Iran
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25
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Huang H, Degnan AP, Balakrishnan A, Easton A, Gulianello M, Huang Y, Matchett M, Mattson G, Miller R, Santone KS, Senapati A, Shields EE, Sivarao DV, Snyder LB, Westphal R, Whiterock VJ, Yang F, Bronson JJ, Macor JE. Oxazolidinone-based allosteric modulators of mGluR5: Defining molecular switches to create a pharmacological tool box. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4165-9. [PMID: 27496211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the structure activity relationships uncovered in the pursuit of an mGluR5 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) for the treatment of schizophrenia. It was discovered that certain modifications of an oxazolidinone-based chemotype afforded predictable changes in the pharmacological profile to give analogs with a wide range of functional activities. The discovery of potent silent allosteric modulators (SAMs) allowed interrogation of the mechanism-based liabilities associated with mGluR5 activation and drove our medicinal chemistry effort toward the discovery of low efficacy (fold shift) PAMs devoid of agonist activity. This work resulted in the identification of dipyridyl 22 (BMS-952048), a compound with a favorable free fraction, efficacy in a rodent-based cognition model, and low potential for convulsions in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Andrew P Degnan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Anand Balakrishnan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Amy Easton
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Michael Gulianello
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Yanling Huang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Michele Matchett
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Gail Mattson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Regina Miller
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Kenneth S Santone
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Arun Senapati
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Eric E Shields
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Digavalli V Sivarao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Lawrence B Snyder
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Ryan Westphal
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Valerie J Whiterock
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Fukang Yang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Joanne J Bronson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - John E Macor
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
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26
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Wolf A, Bauer B, Abner EL, Ashkenazy-Frolinger T, Hartz AMS. A Comprehensive Behavioral Test Battery to Assess Learning and Memory in 129S6/Tg2576 Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147733. [PMID: 26808326 PMCID: PMC4726499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic Tg2576 mice overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) are a widely used Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model to evaluate treatment effects on amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology and cognition. Tg2576 mice on a B6;SJL background strain carry a recessive rd1 mutation that leads to early retinal degeneration and visual impairment in homozygous carriers. This can impair performance in behavioral tests that rely on visual cues, and thus, affect study results. Therefore, B6;SJL/Tg2576 mice were systematically backcrossed with 129S6/SvEvTac mice resulting in 129S6/Tg2576 mice that lack the rd1 mutation. 129S6/Tg2576 mice do not develop retinal degeneration but still show Aβ accumulation in the brain that is comparable to the original B6;SJL/Tg2576 mouse. However, comprehensive studies on cognitive decline in 129S6/Tg2576 mice are limited. In this study, we used two dementia mouse models on a 129S6 background--scopolamine-treated 129S6/SvEvTac mice (3-5 month-old) and transgenic 129S6/Tg2576 mice (11-13 month-old)-to establish a behavioral test battery for assessing learning and memory. The test battery consisted of five tests to evaluate different aspects of cognitive impairment: a Y-Maze forced alternation task, a novel object recognition test, the Morris water maze, the radial arm water maze, and a Y-maze spontaneous alternation task. We first established this behavioral test battery with the scopolamine-induced dementia model using 129S6/SvEvTac mice and then evaluated 129S6/Tg2576 mice using the same testing protocol. Both models showed distinctive patterns of cognitive impairment. Together, the non-invasive behavioral test battery presented here allows detecting cognitive impairment in scopolamine-treated 129S6/SvEvTac mice and in transgenic 129S6/Tg2576 mice. Due to the modular nature of this test battery, more behavioral tests, e.g. invasive assays to gain additional cognitive information, can easily be added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wolf
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, United States of America
| | - Björn Bauer
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Erin L. Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Tal Ashkenazy-Frolinger
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Anika M. S. Hartz
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, United States of America
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
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27
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May Z, Morrill A, Holcombe A, Johnston T, Gallup J, Fouad K, Schalomon M, Hamilton TJ. Object recognition memory in zebrafish. Behav Brain Res 2015; 296:199-210. [PMID: 26376244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The novel object recognition, or novel-object preference (NOP) test is employed to assess recognition memory in a variety of organisms. The subject is exposed to two identical objects, then after a delay, it is placed back in the original environment containing one of the original objects and a novel object. If the subject spends more time exploring one object, this can be interpreted as memory retention. To date, this test has not been fully explored in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish possess recognition memory for simple 2- and 3-dimensional geometrical shapes, yet it is unknown if this translates to complex 3-dimensional objects. In this study we evaluated recognition memory in zebrafish using complex objects of different sizes. Contrary to rodents, zebrafish preferentially explored familiar over novel objects. Familiarity preference disappeared after delays of 5 mins. Leopard danios, another strain of D. rerio, also preferred the familiar object after a 1 min delay. Object preference could be re-established in zebra danios by administration of nicotine tartrate salt (50mg/L) prior to stimuli presentation, suggesting a memory-enhancing effect of nicotine. Additionally, exploration biases were present only when the objects were of intermediate size (2 × 5 cm). Our results demonstrate zebra and leopard danios have recognition memory, and that low nicotine doses can improve this memory type in zebra danios. However, exploration biases, from which memory is inferred, depend on object size. These findings suggest zebrafish ecology might influence object preference, as zebrafish neophobia could reflect natural anti-predatory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacnicte May
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Adam Morrill
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Adam Holcombe
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Travis Johnston
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Joshua Gallup
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Karim Fouad
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Melike Schalomon
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Trevor James Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada,.
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Walf AA, Koonce CJ, Frye CA. Progestogens' effects and mechanisms for object recognition memory across the lifespan. Behav Brain Res 2015; 294:50-61. [PMID: 26235328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review explores the effects of female reproductive hormones, estrogens and progestogens, with a focus on progesterone and allopregnanolone, on object memory. Progesterone and its metabolites, in particular allopregnanolone, exert various effects on both cognitive and non-mnemonic functions in females. The well-known object recognition task is a valuable experimental paradigm that can be used to determine the effects and mechanisms of progestogens for mnemonic effects across the lifespan, which will be discussed herein. In this task there is little test-decay when different objects are used as targets and baseline valance for objects is controlled. This allows repeated testing, within-subjects designs, and longitudinal assessments, which aid understanding of changes in hormonal milieu. Objects are not aversive or food-based, which are hormone-sensitive factors. This review focuses on published data from our laboratory, and others, using the object recognition task in rodents to assess the role and mechanisms of progestogens throughout the lifespan. Improvements in object recognition performance of rodents are often associated with higher hormone levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during natural cycles, with hormone replacement following ovariectomy in young animals, or with aging. The capacity for reversal of age- and reproductive senescence-related decline in cognitive performance, and changes in neural plasticity that may be dissociated from peripheral effects with such decline, are discussed. The focus here will be on the effects of brain-derived factors, such as the neurosteroid, allopregnanolone, and other hormones, for enhancing object recognition across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A Walf
- Dept. of Psychology, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; The Center for Life Sciences Research, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; Institute of Arctic Biology, The University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA; The University of Alaska-Fairbanks, IDeA Network of Biomedical Excellence (INBRE), Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA; Cognitive Science Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Carolyn J Koonce
- Dept. of Psychology, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; Institute of Arctic Biology, The University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA; The University of Alaska-Fairbanks, IDeA Network of Biomedical Excellence (INBRE), Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA
| | - Cheryl A Frye
- Dept. of Psychology, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; Dept. of Biological Sciences, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; The Center for Life Sciences Research, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA; Institute of Arctic Biology, The University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA; The University of Alaska-Fairbanks, IDeA Network of Biomedical Excellence (INBRE), Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA.
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Long-lasting memory abnormalities following exposure to the mouse defense test battery: An animal model of PTSD. Physiol Behav 2015; 146:67-72. [PMID: 26066724 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Memory dysfunctions are thought to play a crucial role both in the development and the maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Patients suffering from this condition persistently re-experience the traumatic event particularly when exposed to trauma-related cues and they display memory alterations. The objective of the present study was to investigate the long-term effects of a traumatic stress exposure on defensive behaviors and memory performance in mice confronted with a natural threat (i.e. a rat) in the defense test battery (MDTB), a procedure developed by the Blanchard group in the early nineties. The object recognition task,which addresses certain aspects of episodic memory, was used to assess the long-term consequences of stress on memory function. Mice were exposed to the MDTB followed two weeks later by a re-exposure to the test apparatus, but in the absence of the threat stimulus. Two hours after the second exposure to the MDTB apparatus, mice were exposed to the object recognition task (ORT). Another set of animals was used which were either exposed to the first or to the second MDTB session, before being tested in the ORT. Results showed that MDTB exposure produced long-lasting alterations in some defensive behaviors, such as escape attempts from the apparatus, which were increased during the re-exposure session at day 14 compared to non-exposed control mice.While exposure to the MDTB context only did not affect memory performance in the ORT, confrontation with the threat stimulus in the MDTB on day 1 impaired episodic memory two weeks after the stressful event. Finally, mice confronted both with the rat on day 1 and the MDTB context on day 14 displayed intact episodic memory performance in the ORT. We hypothesize that re-exposure to the context following a stressful event resulted in an increase of arousal, which subsequently led to an improvement in cognitive performance, a phenomenon also described in PTSD patients. The MDTB is a typical example of the tremendous efforts of Blanchard's lab to increase the translatability potential of the behavioral models of central nervous system disorders.
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Kotel’nikova RA, Grigoriev VV, Smolina AV, Faingold II, Mishchenko DV, Van’kin GI, Zamoiskii VL, Poletaeva DA, Markova NA, Romanova VS, Kotel’nikov AI, Aliev G, Bachurin SO. Design of a hybrid nanostructure based on fullerene C60 and biologically active substance for modeling physiological properties of compounds. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-014-0750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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New automated procedure to assess context recognition memory in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:4337-47. [PMID: 24770677 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Recognition memory is an important aspect of human declarative memory and is one of the routine memory abilities altered in patients with amnestic syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. In rodents, recognition memory has been most widely assessed using the novel object preference paradigm, which exploits the spontaneous preference that animals display for novel objects. Here, we used nose-poke units instead of objects to design a simple automated method for assessing context recognition memory in mice. METHODS In the acquisition trial, mice are exposed for the first time to an operant chamber with one blinking nose-poke unit. In the choice session, a novel nonblinking nose-poke unit is inserted into an empty spatial location and the number of nose poking dedicated to each set of nose-poke unit is used as an index of recognition memory. RESULTS We report that recognition performance varies as a function of the length of the acquisition period and the retention delay and is sensitive to conventional amnestic treatments. By manipulating the features of the operant chamber during a brief retrieval episode (3-min long), we further demonstrate that reconsolidation of the original contextual memory depends on the magnitude and the type of environmental changes introduced into the familiar spatial environment. CONCLUSIONS These results show that the nose-poke recognition task provides a rapid and reliable way for assessing context recognition memory in mice and offers new possibilities for the deciphering of the brain mechanisms governing the reconsolidation process.
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Wes PD, Easton A, Corradi J, Barten DM, Devidze N, DeCarr LB, Truong A, He A, Barrezueta NX, Polson C, Bourin C, Flynn ME, Keenan S, Lidge R, Meredith J, Natale J, Sankaranarayanan S, Cadelina GW, Albright CF, Cacace AM. Tau overexpression impacts a neuroinflammation gene expression network perturbed in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106050. [PMID: 25153994 PMCID: PMC4143352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous inclusions of the microtubule-associated protein, tau, define a variety of neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). To better understand the role of tau-mediated effects on pathophysiology and global central nervous system function, we extensively characterized gene expression, pathology and behavior of the rTg4510 mouse model, which overexpresses a mutant form of human tau that causes Frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). We found that the most predominantly altered gene expression pathways in rTg4510 mice were in inflammatory processes. These results closely matched the causal immune function and microglial gene-regulatory network recently identified in AD. We identified additional gene expression changes by laser microdissecting specific regions of the hippocampus, which highlighted alterations in neuronal network activity. Expression of inflammatory genes and markers of neuronal activity changed as a function of age in rTg4510 mice and coincided with behavioral deficits. Inflammatory changes were tau-dependent, as they were reversed by suppression of the tau transgene. Our results suggest that the alterations in microglial phenotypes that appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease may be driven by tau dysfunction, in addition to the direct effects of beta-amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Wes
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Amy Easton
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - John Corradi
- Department of Applied Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Donna M. Barten
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Nino Devidze
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Lynn B. DeCarr
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Amy Truong
- Department of Applied Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Aiqing He
- Department of Applied Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Nestor X. Barrezueta
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Craig Polson
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Clotilde Bourin
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Marianne E. Flynn
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Stefanie Keenan
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Regina Lidge
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jere Meredith
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Joanne Natale
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sethu Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Greg W. Cadelina
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Charlie F. Albright
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Angela M. Cacace
- Department of Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Regulation of object recognition and object placement by ovarian sex steroid hormones. Behav Brain Res 2014; 285:140-57. [PMID: 25131507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ovarian hormones 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) are potent modulators of hippocampal memory formation. Both hormones have been demonstrated to enhance hippocampal memory by regulating the cellular and molecular mechanisms thought to underlie memory formation. Behavioral neuroendocrinologists have increasingly used the object recognition and object placement (object location) tasks to investigate the role of E2 and P4 in regulating hippocampal memory formation in rodents. These one-trial learning tasks are ideal for studying acute effects of hormone treatments on different phases of memory because they can be administered during acquisition (pre-training), consolidation (post-training), or retrieval (pre-testing). This review synthesizes the rodent literature testing the effects of E2 and P4 on object recognition (OR) and object placement (OP), and the molecular mechanisms in the hippocampus supporting memory formation in these tasks. Some general trends emerge from the data. Among gonadally intact females, object memory tends to be best when E2 and P4 levels are elevated during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and in middle age. In ovariectomized females, E2 given before or immediately after testing generally enhances OR and OP in young and middle-aged rats and mice, although effects are mixed in aged rodents. Effects of E2 treatment on OR and OP memory consolidation can be mediated by both classical estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), and depend on glutamate receptors (NMDA, mGluR1) and activation of numerous cell signaling cascades (e.g., ERK, PI3K/Akt, mTOR) and epigenetic processes (e.g., histone acetylation, DNA methylation). Acute P4 treatment given immediately after training also enhances OR and OP in young and middle-aged ovariectomized females by activating similar cell signaling pathways as E2 (e.g., ERK, mTOR). The few studies that have administered both hormones in combination suggest that treatment can enhance OR and OP, but that effects are highly dependent on factors such as dose and timing of administration. In addition to providing more detail on these general conclusions, this review will discuss directions for future avenues of research into the hormonal regulation of object memory.
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A comparison of mecamylamine and bupropion effects on memory-related responses induced by nicotine and scopolamine in the novel object recognition test in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:638-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Comparison of automated home-cage monitoring systems: Emphasis on feeding behaviour, activity and spatial learning following pharmacological interventions. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 234:13-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Burkhardt U, Stegner D, Hattingen E, Beyer S, Nieswandt B, Klein J. Impaired brain development and reduced cognitive function in phospholipase D-deficient mice. Neurosci Lett 2014; 572:48-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Lo AC, De Maeyer JH, Vermaercke B, Callaerts-Vegh Z, Schuurkes JAJ, D'Hooge R. SSP-002392, a new 5-HT4 receptor agonist, dose-dependently reverses scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments in C57Bl/6 mice. Neuropharmacology 2014; 85:178-89. [PMID: 24863046 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
5-HT4 receptors (5-HT4R) are suggested to affect learning and memory processes. Earlier studies have shown that animals treated with 5-HT4R agonists, often with limited selectivity, show improved learning and memory with retention memory often being assessed immediately after or within 24 h after the last training session. In this study, we characterized the effect of pre-training treatment with the selective 5-HT4R agonist SSP-002392 on memory acquisition and the associated long-term memory retrieval in animal models of impaired cognition. Pre-training treatment with SSP-002392 (0.3 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg p.o.) dose-dependently inhibited the cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) in two different behavioral tasks: passive avoidance and Morris water maze. In the Morris water maze, spatial learning was significantly improved after treatment with SSP-002392 translating in an accelerated and more efficient localization of the hidden platform compared to scopolamine-treated controls. Moreover, retention memory was assessed 24 h (passive avoidance) and 72 h (Morris water maze) after the last training session of cognitive-impaired animals and this was significantly improved in animals treated with SSP-002392 prior to the training sessions. Furthermore, the effects of SSP-002392 were comparable to galanthamine hydrobromide. We conclude that SSP-002392 has potential as a memory-enhancing compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Lo
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ben Vermaercke
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zsuzsanna Callaerts-Vegh
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Rudi D'Hooge
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium.
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Lycium barbarum polysaccharides prevent memory and neurogenesis impairments in scopolamine-treated rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88076. [PMID: 24505383 PMCID: PMC3914900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum is used both as a food additive and as a medicinal herb in many countries, and L. barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs), a major cell component, are reported to have a wide range of beneficial effects including neuroprotection, anti-aging and anticancer properties, and immune modulation. The effects of LBPs on neuronal function, neurogenesis, and drug-induced learning and memory deficits have not been assessed. We report the therapeutic effects of LBPs on learning and memory and neurogenesis in scopolamine (SCO)-treated rats. LBPs were administered via gastric perfusion for 2 weeks before the onset of subcutaneous SCO treatment for a further 4 weeks. As expected, SCO impaired performance in novel object and object location recognition tasks, and Morris water maze. However, dual SCO- and LBP-treated rats spent significantly more time exploring the novel object or location in the recognition tasks and had significant shorter escape latency in the water maze. SCO administration led to a decrease in Ki67- or DCX-immunoreactive cells in the dentate gyrus and damage of dendritic development of the new neurons; LBP prevented these SCO-induced reductions in cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation. LBP also protected SCO-induced loss of neuronal processes in DCX-immunoreactive neurons. Biochemical investigation indicated that LBP decreased the SCO-induced oxidative stress in hippocampus and reversed the ratio Bax/Bcl-2 that exhibited increase after SCO treatment. However, decrease of BDNF and increase of AChE induced by SCO showed no response to LBP administration. These results suggest that LBPs can prevent SCO-induced cognitive and memory deficits and reductions in cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation. Suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis may be involved in the above effects of LBPs that may be a promising candidate to restore memory functions and neurogenesis.
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Kotelnikova RA, Smolina AV, Grigoryev VV, Faingold II, Mischenko DV, Rybkin AY, Poletayeva DA, Vankin GI, Zamoyskiy VL, Voronov II, Troshin PA, Kotelnikov AI, Bachurin SO. Influence of water-soluble derivatives of [60]fullerene on therapeutically important targets related to neurodegenerative diseases. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00194j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water soluble fullerene derivatives I and II were shown to behave as promising neuroprotective agents that improve cognitive functioning in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V. V. Grigoryev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Chernogolovka
- Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - G. I. Vankin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Chernogolovka
- Russia
| | - V. L. Zamoyskiy
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Chernogolovka
- Russia
| | | | | | | | - S. O. Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Chernogolovka
- Russia
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Leger M, Quiedeville A, Bouet V, Haelewyn B, Boulouard M, Schumann-Bard P, Freret T. Object recognition test in mice. Nat Protoc 2013; 8:2531-7. [PMID: 24263092 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2013.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 763] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The object recognition test is now among the most commonly used behavioral tests for mice. A mouse is presented with two similar objects during the first session, and then one of the two objects is replaced by a new object during a second session. The amount of time taken to explore the new object provides an index of recognition memory. As more groups have used the protocol, the variability of the procedures used in the object recognition test has increased steadily. This protocol provides a necessary standardization of the procedure. This protocol reduces inter-individual variability with the use of a selection criterion based on a minimal time of exploration for both objects during each session. In this protocol, we describe the three most commonly used variants, containing long (3 d), short (1 d) or no habituation phases. Thus, with a short intersession interval (e.g., 6 h), this procedure can be performed in 4, 2 or 1 d, respectively, according to the duration of the habituation phase. This protocol should allow for the comparison of results from different studies, while permitting adaption of the protocol to the constraints of the experimenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Leger
- 1] Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France. [2]
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Nilsson MKL, Carlsson ML. The monoaminergic stabilizer (-)-OSU6162 reverses delay-dependent natural forgetting and improves memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice. Neuropharmacology 2013; 75:399-406. [PMID: 23994443 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the monoaminergic stabilizer (-)-OSU6162 on spatial recognition memory. Male NMRI mice were tested in the object location model which is based on the animals' inherent interest to examine changes in their environment: The animals' propensity to explore relocated objects in relation to unaltered objects, presented in two different sessions (sample and trial), was studied. In a first series of experiments the effect of (-)-OSU6162 on natural forgetting was evaluated. With an inter-session interval (ISI) of 30 min or an hour, untreated mice spent longer time exploring the displaced object, but when the time between sessions was as long as 6 h, the mice did not identify the displaced object. However, using the 6 h ISI design we found that (-)-OSU6162 in doses up to 30 μmol/kg, given directly after the sample session, caused an increased interest for the displaced object. Twenty-four hours after administration, (-)-OSU6162 was still effective in facilitating identification of the displaced object. We also evaluated the effect of (-)-OSU6162 on scopolamine-induced memory deficits in this model - the two agents were given 30 min before the sample session and the ISI was one hour. Under these conditions scopolamine induced a deficit in object location memory and this effect was counteracted by (-)-OSU6162. The data from the present study suggest that (-)-OSU6162 prolongs object location memory in normal mice and reverses scopolamine-induced memory deficits. (-)-OSU6162 might be a valuable drug candidate for memory deficits and other cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie K L Nilsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8A, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Maria L Carlsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8A, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Valadares C, Fukuda M, Françolin-Silva A, Hernandes A, Almeida S. Effects of postnatal protein malnutrition on learning and memory procedures. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 13:274-82. [DOI: 10.1179/147683010x12611460764769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Boess FG, de Vry J, Erb C, Flessner T, Hendrix M, Luithle J, Methfessel C, Schnizler K, van der Staay FJ, van Kampen M, Wiese WB, König G. Pharmacological and behavioral profile of N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl]-6-chinolincarboxamide (EVP-5141), a novel α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist/serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 227:1-17. [PMID: 23241647 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Agonists of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of cognitive deficits. This study describes the in vitro pharmacology of the novel α7 nAChR agonist/serotonin 5-HT3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonist N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl]-6-chinolincarboxamide (EVP-5141) and its behavioral effects. RESULTS EVP-5141 bound to α7 nAChRs in rat brain membranes (K i = 270 nM) and to recombinant human serotonin 5-HT3Rs (K i = 880 nM) but had low affinity for α4β2 nAChRs (K i > 100 μM). EVP-5141 was a potent agonist at recombinant rat and human α7 nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes. EVP-5141 acted as 5-HT3R antagonist but did not block α3β4, α4β2, and muscle nAChRs. Rats trained to discriminate nicotine from vehicle did not generalize to EVP-5141 (0.3-30 mg kg(-1), p.o.), suggesting that the nicotine cue is not mediated by the α7 nAChR and that EVP-5141 may not share the abuse liability of nicotine. EVP-5141 (0.3-3 mg kg(-1)) improved performance in the rat social recognition test. EVP-5141 (0.3 mg kg(-1), p.o.) ameliorated scopolamine-induced retention deficits in the passive avoidance task in rats. EVP-5141 (1 mg kg(-1), i.p.) improved spatial working memory of aged (26- to 32-month-old) rats in a water maze repeated acquisition task. In addition, EVP-5141 improved both object and social recognition memory in mice (0.3 mg kg(-1), p.o.). CONCLUSIONS EVP-5141 improved performance in several learning and memory tests in both rats and mice, supporting the hypothesis that α7 nAChR agonists may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease or schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank G Boess
- Pharma Research CNS, Bayer Healthcare AG, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany.
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Mice discriminate between stationary and moving 2D shapes: application to the object recognition task to increase attention. Behav Brain Res 2013; 242:95-101. [PMID: 23291156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Selective attention can be assessed with the novel object recognition (NOR) test. In the standard version of this test the selection of objects to be used is critical. We created a modified version of NOR, the virtual object recognition test (VORT) in mice, where the 3D objects were replaced with highly discriminated geometrical shapes and presented on two 3.5-inch widescreen displays. No difference in the discrimination index (from 5min to 96h of inter-trial) was found between NOR and VORT. Scopolamine and mecamylamine decreased the discrimination index. Conversely, the discrimination index increased when nicotine was given to mice. No further improvement in the discrimination index was observed when nicotine was injected in mice presented with highly discriminable shapes. To test the possibility that object movements increased mice's attention in the VORT, different movements were applied to the same geometrical shapes previously presented. Mice were able to distinguish among different movements (horizontal, vertical, oblique). Notably, the shapes previously found not distinguishable when stationary were better discriminated when moving. Collectively, these findings indicate that VORT, based on virtual geometric simple shapes, offers the possibility to obtain rapid information on amnesic/pro-amnestic potential of new drugs. The introduction of motion is a strong cue that makes the task more valuable to study attention.
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Memory-related effects of cholinergic receptor ligands in mice as measured by the elevated plus maze test. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 63:1372-82. [PMID: 22358085 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our experiments was to examine the influence of cholinergic receptor ligands on memory-related behavior in mice using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. The EPM test allows the exploration of different memory processes (acquisition and consolidation), depending on the time of drug treatment. The time necessary for mice to move from the opened arm to the enclosed arm (i.e., transfer latency, TL) was used as an index of memory. Our findings reveal that for both the processes of acquisition and consolidation, treatment with nicotine (0.035 or 0.175 mg/kg, free base, sc) shortened TL on the second day of the experiments (TL2), thus improving memory processes. Treatment with scopolamine (0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg, ip) significantly increased TL2 values, thus impairing cognitive processes. Moreover, we found that treatment with nicotine, at the non-effective doses used during testing, prevented scopolamine-induced memory impairment by inducing a decrease in TL2 values. Next, we evaluated the influence of bupropion (10 or 20 mg/kg, ip), a drug currently used for smoking cessation in humans, on memory-related behavior induced by treatment with nicotine and scopolamine. An acute injection of bupropion (10 or 20 mg/kg) prior to injection with either nicotine (0.035 mg/kg) or scopolamine (1.0 mg/kg) significantly prevented nicotine-induced memory improvement or scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Bupropion treatment can diminish the rewarding (dependence-producing) effects of nicotine and also the cognitive effects that are related to addiction. Our studies further indicate the great involvement of the cholinergic system in memory processes and the potential for the development of more effective pharmacotherapies for memory impairment-like human disorders in which the cholinergic pathways have been implicated.
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Reiss D, Prinssen EP, Wichmann J, Kieffer BL, Ouagazzal AM. The nociceptin orphanin FQ peptide receptor agonist, Ro64-6198, impairs recognition memory formation through interaction with glutamatergic but not cholinergic receptor antagonists. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2012; 98:254-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The CRF1 receptor antagonist SSR125543 attenuates long-term cognitive deficit induced by acute inescapable stress in mice, independently from the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 102:415-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Reversal of scopolamine-induced spatial and recognition memory deficits in mice by novel multifunctional dimers bis-cognitins. Brain Res 2012; 1470:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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What pharmacological interventions indicate concerning the role of the perirhinal cortex in recognition memory. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:3122-40. [PMID: 22841990 PMCID: PMC3500694 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Findings of pharmacological studies that have investigated the involvement of specific regions of the brain in recognition memory are reviewed. The particular emphasis of the review concerns what such studies indicate concerning the role of the perirhinal cortex in recognition memory. Most of the studies involve rats and most have investigated recognition memory for objects. Pharmacological studies provide a large body of evidence supporting the essential role of the perirhinal cortex in the acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of object recognition memory. Such studies provide increasingly detailed evidence concerning both the neurotransmitter systems and the underlying intracellular mechanisms involved in recognition memory processes. They have provided evidence in support of synaptic weakening as a major synaptic plastic process within perirhinal cortex underlying object recognition memory. They have also supplied confirmatory evidence that that there is more than one synaptic plastic process involved. The demonstrated necessity to long-term recognition memory of intracellular signalling mechanisms related to synaptic modification within perirhinal cortex establishes a central role for the region in the information storage underlying such memory. Perirhinal cortex is thereby established as an information storage site rather than solely a processing station. Pharmacological studies have also supplied new evidence concerning the detailed roles of other regions, including the hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex in different types of recognition memory tasks that include a spatial or temporal component. In so doing, they have also further defined the contribution of perirhinal cortex to such tasks. To date it appears that the contribution of perirhinal cortex to associative and temporal order memory reflects that in simple object recognition memory, namely that perirhinal cortex provides information concerning objects and their prior occurrence (novelty/familiarity).
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Fernandez F, Soon I, Li Z, Kuan TC, Min DH, Wong ESM, Demidov ON, Paterson MC, Dawe G, Bulavin DV, Xiao ZC. Wip1 phosphatase positively modulates dendritic spine morphology and memory processes through the p38MAPK signaling pathway. Cell Adh Migr 2012; 6:333-43. [PMID: 22983193 DOI: 10.4161/cam.20892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spine morphology is modulated by protein kinase p38, a mitogen-activated protein (MAPK), in the hippocampus. Protein p38MAPK is a substrate of wip1, a protein phosphatase. The role of wip1 in the central nervous system (CNS) has never been explored. Here, we report a novel function of wip1 in dendritic spine morphology and memory processes. Wip1 deficiency decreases dendritic spine size and density in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA1 region. Simultaneously, impairments in object recognition tasks and contextual memory occur in wip1 deficient mice, but are reversed in wip1/p38 double mutant mice. Thus, our findings demonstrate that wip1 modulates dendritic morphology and memory processes through the p38MAPK signaling pathway. In addition to the well-characterized role of the wip1/p38MAPK in cell death and differentiation, we revealed the novel contribution of wip1 to cognition and dendritic spine morphology, which may suggest new approaches to treating neurodegenerative disorders.
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