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Guillaume Z, Allory Y, Auclin E, Gervais C, Auvray M, Rochand A, Mejean A, Audenet F, Vano YA, Oudard S, Thibault C. [Collecting duct carcinoma and renal medullary carcinoma in the age of new therapies]. Bull Cancer 2023; 110:450-462. [PMID: 36906403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Collecting duct carcinoma (also known as Bellini tumour) and renal medullary carcinoma are two extremely rare and aggressive renal cancers. They are both less responsive to conventional treatments used in clear cell renal carcinoma. There are very few studies evaluating their optimal management and currently, at the metastatic stage, polychemotherapy based on platinum salts remains the most widely used. The emergence of new treatments such as anti-angiogenic TKIs, immunotherapy or treatments targeting specific genetic abnormalities, opens up a new field of possibilities in the management of these cancers. The evaluation of the response to these treatments is therefore essential. In this article, we will review the status of their management and the various studies that have evaluated recent treatments in these two cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Guillaume
- Université de Paris, Européen Georges-Pompidou hospital, 75020 Paris, France
| | | | - Edouard Auclin
- Université de Paris, Européen Georges-Pompidou hospital, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Claire Gervais
- Université de Paris, Européen Georges-Pompidou hospital, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Marie Auvray
- Université de Paris, Européen Georges-Pompidou hospital, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Adrien Rochand
- Université de Paris, Européen Georges-Pompidou hospital, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Mejean
- Université de Paris, Européen Georges-Pompidou hospital, 75020 Paris, France
| | - François Audenet
- Université de Paris, Européen Georges-Pompidou hospital, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Yann-Alexandre Vano
- Université de Paris, Européen Georges-Pompidou hospital, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Oudard
- Université de Paris, Européen Georges-Pompidou hospital, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Constance Thibault
- Université de Paris, Européen Georges-Pompidou hospital, 75020 Paris, France.
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2
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Cabanillas G, Montoya-Cerrillo D, Kryvenko ON, Pal SK, Arias-Stella JA. "Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney: diagnosis and implications for management". Urol Oncol 2022; 40:525-536. [PMID: 34116936 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney is a rare and aggressive subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) arising from the distal convoluted tubules. At the time of diagnosis, patients are more frequently symptomatic, with advanced locoregional stage, and have metastatic disease. The 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System defined diagnostic criteria for this entity. However, the diagnostic features continue to evolve, with typical, but not entirely specific, histologic and immunophenotypic characteristics. In addition, the lack of consistent molecular alterations makes collecting duct carcinoma a diagnosis of exclusion, with historical cases being re-classified as fumarate hydratase deficient RCC, ALK rearranged RCC, renal medullary carcinoma or high-grade urothelial carcinoma. The rarity and poor prognosis of the tumor makes it difficult to reach consensus guidelines to guide therapy. In this manuscript we review the clinicopathologic features of collecting duct carcinoma including pathologic diagnostic criteria, molecular characteristics and differential diagnosis, and their possible implications for management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Cabanillas
- Internal Medicine Department, Pacifica Hospital of the Valley, Serra Medical Group, Sun Valley, CA
| | | | - Oleksandr N Kryvenko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Department of Urology; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami / Jackson Memoria Hospital, Miami, FL
| | - Sumanta K Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
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Zhou L, Liu Y, Mo J, Cui C, Chi Z, Si L, Kong Y, Yan X, Li S, Wu X, Li J, Xu H, Cao D, Guo J, Sheng X. Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of metastatic collecting duct carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:385.e1-385.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bigot C, Boudier P, Ladoire S, Barthélémy P. Advanced nccRCC: what therapeutic options in 2022? Bull Cancer 2022; 109:2S39-2S46. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-4551(22)00237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Zoumpourlis P, Genovese G, Tannir NM, Msaouel P. Systemic Therapies for the Management of Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: What Works, What Doesn't, and What the Future Holds. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021; 19:103-116. [PMID: 33358151 PMCID: PMC8169717 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) is a broad term that refers to a diverse group of tumors, each with its own distinct biologic and therapeutic profile. The management of nccRCCs is often based on extrapolating data from clinical trials in the more common clear cell renal cell carcinoma, but our emerging prospective and retrospective clinical experience in nccRCC allows us to make more precise recommendations tailored to each histology. The systemic therapy options for metastatic nccRCC include targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and, for specific rare subtypes, cytotoxic chemotherapy. Each nccRCC histology may respond differently to these regimens, which makes accurate pathologic diagnosis imperative. In the present review, we discuss the available clinical and biological data that can help guide systemic therapy recommendations for specific nccRCC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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Baniak N, Tsai H, Hirsch MS. The Differential Diagnosis of Medullary-Based Renal Masses. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 145:1148-1170. [PMID: 33406251 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0464-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Renal malignancies can be divided into cortical- and medullary-based tumors, the latter of which classically infiltrate the renal parenchyma by extending between nonneoplastic structures. Although high-grade cortical tumors can rarely exhibit the same growth pattern, the infiltrative morphology should elicit a differential diagnosis to be considered in each case. However, these diagnoses can be challenging to distinguish, especially on small renal biopsy samples. OBJECTIVE.— To provide an overview of the clinical, gross, and microscopic findings; genetic and molecular alterations; and immunohistochemical evaluation of medullary-based renal tumors and other tumor types with overlapping morphologies and growth patterns. DATA SOURCES.— Literature review and personal observations were used to compile the information in this review. CONCLUSIONS.— Collecting duct carcinoma is a prototypical medullary-based tumor, and although diagnostic criteria exist, it remains a diagnosis of exclusion, especially with ancillary techniques aiding the recognition of established as well as more recently described neoplasms. Other medullary-based malignancies included in the differential diagnosis include renal medullary carcinoma/renal cell carcinoma unclassified with medullary phenotype, fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma, and upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Moreover, other rare entities should be excluded, including metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma, and melanoma. In addition to potential prognostic differences, accurate diagnoses can have important surgical and clinical management implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Baniak
- From the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Harrison Tsai
- From the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle S Hirsch
- From the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Assessment of HER2 Protein Overexpression and Gene Amplification in Renal Collecting Duct Carcinoma: Therapeutic Implication. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113345. [PMID: 33198197 PMCID: PMC7697829 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is rare and aggressive histology of kidney cancers. Although different therapeutic approaches have been tested, the 2-year survival remains very poor. Since CDC exhibits overlapping features with urothelial carcinoma, the analysis of shared molecular alterations could provide new insights into the understanding of this rare disease and also therapeutic options. We collected 26 CDC cases, and we assessed HER2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene amplification by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) according to 2018 ASCO/CAP HER2-testing recommendations. Six out of twenty-six (23%) tumors showed HER2 positive staining. In particular, 3+ score was present in 2/6 cases (33%), 2+ in 3/6 cases (50%) and 1+ in 1/6 cases (17%). The 6 HER2+ tumors were also analyzed by FISH to assess gene copy number. One out of six CDC with IHC 3+ was also HER2 amplified, showing an average HER2 copy number ≥4.0 (10.85) and a HER2/CEP17 ratio ≥ (5.63), while the 5/6 cases were HER2 negative. Based on the 2018 ASCO/CAP guidelines overall, 2/26 CDC cases (8%) were HER2+. The present study provides evidence for testing, in future studies, HER2 to assess its clinical value as a novel target for the treatment of this highly malignant cancer.
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Pagani F, Colecchia M, Sepe P, Apollonio G, Claps M, Verzoni E, de Braud F, Procopio G. Collecting ducts carcinoma: An orphan disease. Literature overview and future perspectives. Cancer Treat Rev 2019; 79:101891. [PMID: 31491662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Collecting ducts carcinoma (CDC) is a rare and aggressive histological subtype of renal cancer accounting for only 1% of renal tumors. Usually patients present in bad clinical conditions due to a symptomatic disease with synchronous metastasis. Due to the rarity of CDC, data from prospective trials evaluating the best treatment for these patients are limited. The prognosis is poor with a median overall survival of around 11 months for patients with metastatic disease. The best treatment option today is considered a doublet chemotherapy with platinum salt plus gemcitabine as a result from a prospective phase II trial, but survival outcomes remain unsatisfactory. The interest in the in-depth understanding the biology of this orphan disease is growing, leading to find potential new biological-driven treatment approaches. Here we review the up-to-date literature evidences to address the best management of this rare and unfavorable clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pagani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Colecchia
- Department of Human Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangela Sepe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Apollonio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Melanie Claps
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Verzoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Procopio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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Dano D, Delteil C, Boissier R, Delaporte V, Habert P, Salas S, Duffaud F, Deville JL. Rechallenge of carboplatin-gemcitabine based chemotherapy for rapidly progressing metastatic collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney leading to a delayed and durable complete response: A case report. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3576-3580. [PMID: 30867800 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is a rare and highly aggressive subtype of kidney cancer with poor prognosis. We report a case of one patient, who was successfully treated with gemcitabine-platin based chemotherapy for polymetastatic renal CDC, and experienced a late and prolonged complete remission. In June 2014, a 69-year-old male patient was diagnosed with non-metastatic renal CDC. Nephrouretectomy was firstly performed. In December 2014, he developed a loco-regional recurrence with bilateral lung metastases. The patient started a course of gemcitabine-carboplatin (GC)-based first-line chemotherapy and received 6 cycles, which ended in May 2015. Computed tomography (CT) scan evaluation displayed an objective response according to RECIST 1.1 criteria and a follow-up of the patient was conducted. In August 2015, he had a second local relapse with new lung metastases. Despite a short disease-free interval, 6 cycles of the same GC regimen were required, which ended in February 2016. The patient firstly exhibited a partial objective response after the first 3 cycles and a stable disease at the end of chemotherapy. During the follow-up, a CT scan of his chest, abdomen and pelvis was performed every 3 months. From September 2016 to May 2017, despite no new specific treatments for his metastatic disease, the patient again experienced an objective and confirmed response on each CT-scan evaluation until complete remission in May 2017. This case report highlights the efficacy of GC-based chemotherapy, which is able to provide a durable and sometimes complete response in metastatic renal CDC, and suggests the potential of rechallenging with the same chemotherapy regimen, despite a short disease-free interval. The originality of this case was demonstrated by the delayed complete response more than one year after the end of GC-based second line chemotherapy. The patient remained disease-free at his last CT-scan evaluation in April 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domitille Dano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Clémence Delteil
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Romain Boissier
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Conception University Hospital, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Véronique Delaporte
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Conception University Hospital, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Paul Habert
- Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Conception University Hospital, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Sébastien Salas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Florence Duffaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Deville
- Department of Medical Oncology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
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Liaw BC, Mehrazin R, Baker C, Sfakianos JP, Tsao CK. Management of Atypical Renal Cell Carcinomas. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2017; 18:61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11864-017-0501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Clinicopathologic and Molecular Pathology of Collecting Duct Carcinoma and Related Renal Cell Carcinomas. Adv Anat Pathol 2017; 24:65-77. [PMID: 28181950 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) and related tumors [ie, renal medullary carcinoma (RMC)] are rare types of highly aggressive renal cell carcinomas (RCC) with poor prognosis. Because of the rarity and diagnostic uncertainty of them, their molecular pathology and significance have not yet been fully elucidated. CDC, RMC, fumarate hydratase-deficient RCC (including hereditary leiomyomatosis and RCC-associated RCC HLRCC-RCC), and recently reported anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearrangement RCC have significant morphologic overlaps, but they are separately distinct entities having different molecular pathway and clinical settings. CDC is more likely to occur in middle to old age population with immunoreactivity for PAX8 and integrase interactor-1 proteins (INI-1). Various chromosomal and genomic alterations have been reported with inconsistent results. In contrast, RMC is more likely to occur in younger patients with sickle cell trait. In RMC, loss of INI-1 expression and OCT3/4 expression are distinguished compared with other RCCs. Finally, ALK-rearrangement RCC seems to have 2 different clinical settings, one with sickle cell trait (VCL-ALK fusion) and the other without (other fusions such as TPM3-ALK, EML4-ALK, and STRN-ALK fusions). Interestingly, VCL-ALK fusion was found in pediatric patients with sickle cell trait, whereas other fusions were detected in adolescent or adult without sickle cell trait. Taken together, CDC and related tumors such as RMC, fumarate hydratase-deficient RCC (including hereditary leiomyomatosis and RCC-associated RCC), and ALK-rearrangement RCC are the distinct entities and their recognition is important for the development of future personalized therapeutic options. This review updates the clinicopathologic features of these tumors with overlapping morphology and outcome.
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Gonzalez-Mariscal L, Miranda J, Ortega-Olvera JM, Gallego-Gutierrez H, Raya-Sandino A, Vargas-Sierra O. Zonula Occludens Proteins in Cancer. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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HER2/neu: an increasingly important therapeutic target. Part 2: Distribution of HER2/neu overexpression and gene amplification by organ, tumor site and histology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4155/cli.14.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Treatment of collecting duct carcinoma: current status and future perspectives. Anticancer Res 2014; 16:464-7. [PMID: 24511050 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-012-0589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy for collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) has demonstrated only limited efficacy in the advanced setting. The present study evaluated the activity of targeted therapies in metastatic CDC. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated a cohort of 384 consecutive patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). The characteristics of patients with CDC were compared against those of the remaining cohort. All patients with CDC were treated with targeted therapies. RESULTS Thirteen patients with advanced CDC were referred to our Center (incidence: 3.4% of all mRCC). Median age was 57 and 62 years in the CDC and non-CDC groups, respectively. The overall disease control in the CDC population was 23%, and median overall survival was 4 (95% confidence interval(CI)=2.4-5.6) months. Three patients obtained a satisfying response (disease control lasting 6-33 months). CONCLUSION CDC has a poor prognosis compared to non-CDC renal cell carcinoma. Treatment for CDC represents a future challenge and targeted therapies may play a role in selected cases.
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Pécuchet N, Bigot F, Gachet J, Massard C, Albiges L, Teghom C, Allory Y, Méjean A, Escudier B, Oudard S. Triple combination of bevacizumab, gemcitabine and platinum salt in metastatic collecting duct carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2963-7. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Carcinoma of the collecting ducts of Bellini and renal medullary carcinoma: clinicopathologic analysis of 52 cases of rare aggressive subtypes of renal cell carcinoma with a focus on their interrelationship. Am J Surg Pathol 2012; 36:1265-78. [PMID: 22895263 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3182635954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoma of the collecting ducts of Bellini and renal medullary carcinoma are rare aggressive neoplasms of putative distal nephron origin. First described in 1949, case reports and review articles constitute a major source of information on collecting duct carcinoma, whereas Davis and colleagues and the pediatric tumor registry have contributed the seminal works on renal medullary carcinoma. Here we present a detailed study of collecting duct carcinoma (n=39) and renal medullary carcinoma (n=13), characterizing these rare neoplasms and analyzing their interrelationship. Both collecting duct carcinoma and renal medullary carcinoma exhibited significant similarities, such as predilection for the right kidney, tumor mass with an epicenter in the renal medulla, and a mean size of 7 cm. Overall, both tumors exhibited a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma histology with desmoplastic stromal response (100%), inflammatory infiltrate (100%), frequent perinephric extension (collecting duct carcinoma: 97%; renal medullary carcinoma: 83%), lymphovascular invasion (100%), intraluminal mucin (collecting duct carcinoma: 42%; renal medullary carcinoma: 73%), high nuclear grade (97%), overlapping immunoreactivity for Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (collecting duct carcinoma: 75%; renal medullary carcinoma:55%), CK7 (collecting duct carcinoma: 44%; renal medullary carcinoma: 71%), and high-molecular weight cytokeratin (collecting duct carcinoma: 26%; renal medullary carcinoma: 29%), and nonimmunoreactivity for Ksp-cadherin. Histologically, collecting duct carcinoma frequently had tubular, tubulopapillary, or irregular glandular architecture, whereas renal medullary carcinoma commonly demonstrated islands of anastomosing tubules and cords forming irregular microcystic spaces. Multiple metastases to the lymph nodes, lung, bone, and liver were observed in both categories at presentation (collecting duct carcinoma: 17%; renal medullary carcinoma: 36%). Only patients with organ-confined small tumors were disease free beyond the median survival time. Differential clinical features between collecting duct carcinoma and renal medullary carcinoma included proclivity for younger male individuals of African ancestry with hemoglobin abnormalities and a shorter median survival of 17 weeks (vs. 44 wk for collecting duct carcinoma) for renal medullary carcinoma. The markedly overlapping clinical features, histology, immunophenotype, metastasis patterns, and uniformly aggressive outcome in collecting duct and renal medullary carcinomas suggest that renal medullary carcinoma is a distinctive clinicopathologic subtype within the entity of collecting duct carcinoma. The extremely poor prognosis and ongoing clinical trials with specific therapeutic protocols argue for their accurate distinction from other renal cell carcinoma subtypes.
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Bronchud MH, Castillo S, Escriva de Romaní S, Mourelo S, Fernández A, Baena C, Murillo J, Julia JC, Esquius J, Romero R, Andreu X. HER2 Blockade in Metastatic Collecting Duct Carcinoma (CDC) of the Kidney: A Case Report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1159/000345041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Zueva E, Rubio LI, Ducongé F, Tavitian B. Metastasis-focused cell-based SELEX generates aptamers inhibiting cell migration and invasion. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:797-804. [PMID: 20473891 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis, the capacity of tumour cells to disseminate and grow at distant sites, is the main factor in cancer mortality. Compounds inhibiting migration and invasion of cancer cells are promising candidates for anticancer therapy strategies. We have generated nuclease-resistant RNA ligands (aptamers) recognizing highly metastatic cells with high affinity and specificity, and inhibiting their migratory and invasive potentials. Aptamers were generated by a cell-based subtractive SELEX technology using isogenic cell lines with similar tumorigenic potentials but opposite metastatic aggressiveness. Two aptamers, E37 and E10, bound specifically to the metastatically aggressive cell line and altered the phosphorylation of several tyrosine kinases. Fluorescent microscopy showed intracellular uptake of E37, in contrast to membrane binding of E10. Both aptamers inhibited migration of tumour cells in culture (50 and 85% inhibition with respect to control pool for E10 and E37, respectively) while only E10 inhibited cell invasion (-75% with respect to control pool). This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of cell-based SELEX to yield ligands that selectively recognize aggressive metastatic cells and inhibit phenotypes linked to metastatic potential.
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Carcinoma de los conductos colectores de bellini. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura. Actas Urol Esp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2010.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cheng L, Zhang S, MacLennan GT, Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R. Molecular and cytogenetic insights into the pathogenesis, classification, differential diagnosis, and prognosis of renal epithelial neoplasms. Hum Pathol 2009; 40:10-29. [PMID: 19027455 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas comprise a heterogeneous group of epithelial neoplasms with diverse biologic potential and variable clinical outcomes. The application of molecular and cytogenetic techniques to the study of renal neoplasms has improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for tumor initiation and progression. Molecular classification of renal cell carcinomas has also provided new avenues for diagnosis, clinical outcome, and therapy response prediction. In this article, we review the molecular markers for various renal epithelial neoplasms and discuss the mechanisms underlying the development of these neoplasms. We also evaluate the use of molecular and cytogenetic techniques in establishing an accurate diagnosis in difficult cases and their potential usefulness in accurately classifying renal neoplasms, assessing prognosis, and selecting appropriate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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González-Mariscal L, Lechuga S, Garay E. Role of tight junctions in cell proliferation and cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 42:1-57. [PMID: 17502225 DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of a cancerous phenotype by epithelial cells involves the disruption of intercellular adhesions. The reorganization of the E-cadherin/beta-catenin complex in adherens junctions during cell transformation is widely recognized. Instead the implication of tight junctions (TJs) in this process is starting to be unraveled. The aim of this article is to review the role of TJ proteins in cell proliferation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, México, DF 07360, México.
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22
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von Eyben FE. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition and non-small cell lung cancer. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2006; 43:291-323. [PMID: 16769595 DOI: 10.1080/10408360600728369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The majority of non-small cell (NSC) lung cancers express epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Many studies have evaluated the clinical effect from targeted therapy achieved by blocking EGFR in patients with NSC lung cancer. Treatment of biologically unselected patients with NSC lung cancer with two reversible quinazole EGFR inhibitors, gefitinib and erlotinib, gave negative results in all controlled trials but one. Ten percent to 20% of patients with NSC lung cancers have somatic mutations in EGFR, and these patients have a significantly higher response rate (73%) to treatment with EGFR inhibitors than patients with wild-type EGFR (10%). Patients with Asian background, women, non-smokers, and patients with adenocarcinoma had higher response rates than other patients, and the differences may be due to an association between the clinical characteristics and EGFR mutations. Further studies are needed to fully evaluate the effect of EGFR inhibitor-treatment for subgroups of patients with NSC lung cancer with favorable biological and clinical characteristics.
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Abstract
Clear-cell carcinoma is the most common histopathologic subtype of kidney tumors. Consequently, clinical trials for advanced-stage kidney cancer have focused on patients with clear-cell carcinoma and not on the less common subtypes, including papillary, chromophobe, collecting-duct carcinoma, and sarcomatoid-variant tumors. Whereas immunotherapy has constituted the standard treatment for patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), it does not appear to have activity in the management of patients with other histologic subtypes. Novel therapies, including those targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, have recently demonstrated significant activity in clear-cell RCC. Historically, chemotherapy has shown limited activity in advanced-stage RCC; however, clinical trials to date have failed to individualize treatment based on histologic subtype. In this article, we will review the literature and present our experience with the use of chemotherapy in patients with non-clear-cell kidney cancer by histologic subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A David
- Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY 10021, USA
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Algaba F, Arce Y, Trias I, Santaularia JM, Antonio Rosales A. Aplicación clínica de las actuales clasificaciones del cáncer renal. Actas Urol Esp 2006; 30:372-85. [PMID: 16838609 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-4806(06)73461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of classifying neoplasias is to recognize groups with similar progress and prognosis and, if possible, receiving the same treatment. This is why those classifications are systematically being submitted to review and improvement through the new technologies. Differentiation of various entities in renal cancer has been comparatively fast, as the new genetic and molecular discoveries have confirmed the morphologic criteria of the different cell types, thus making it possible to open new therapeutic pathways. Using the current WHO classification we recognize subtypes with excellent prognosis (Multilocular cystic renal carcinoma, Type I renal papillary carcinoma, Tubular and fusocellular mucinous carcinoma), other very aggressive ones (Bellini's collecting duct carcinoma, Medullary carcinoma), and also that the sarcomatoid transformation, even in small areas, impacts the prognosis negatively. Childhood-characteristic renal carcinomas associated with chromosome translocations have been recognized (genetic fusion TFE3 or TFEB), as well as the family forms of renal carcinoma. Regarding the UICC (International Union Against Cancer) classification, there are a series of aspects under argument (size, venous invasion, microvascular invasion, invasion of the adipous tissue of the renal sinus) that shall be discussed too, since it is possible that some modifications of the TNM might occur in the near future.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/epidemiology
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Carcinoma/chemistry
- Carcinoma/classification
- Carcinoma/epidemiology
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Papillary/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/classification
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure
- Child
- Chromosomes, Human/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human/ultrastructure
- Female
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/chemistry
- Kidney Neoplasms/classification
- Kidney Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Kidney Tubules, Collecting/pathology
- Male
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/classification
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/pathology
- Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/genetics
- Prognosis
- Translocation, Genetic
- World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- F Algaba
- Sección de Patologia, Fundació Puigvert-Barcelona.
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25
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Orsola A, Trias I, Raventós CX, Español I, Cecchini L, Orsola I. Renal collecting (Bellini) duct carcinoma displays similar characteristics to upper tract urothelial cell carcinoma. Urology 2005; 65:49-54. [PMID: 15667862 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2004.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2004] [Accepted: 08/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe 3 cases of tumors located in the kidney that may relate collecting (Bellini) duct carcinoma (CDC) to urothelial cell carcinoma (UC). We hypothesized that these distinct tumor types may share a common origin. CDC is a subtype of renal cell carcinoma associated with a highly aggressive course, poor prognosis, and limited response to immunotherapy, behaving similarly to UC. METHODS We present 2 cases of CDC and 1 case of UC of the renal papilla. We compared the clinical presentation and survival rate, together with the radiologic, histologic, and immunostaining (including p53) findings, with strong emphasis on the similarities. RESULTS One patient with CDC had a previous history of grade 3, Stage Ta bladder UC. The urothelial carcinoma from the kidney papilla (case 3) presented carcinoma in situ of the adjacent urothelium and displayed mixed characteristics with CDC, namely location, positive staining for Ulex europaeus and pyelonephritic changes. p53 staining showed marked positivity in the tumor of patient 2. Disease progression was rapid, with a median survival of 5.6 months (range 5 to 7). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the broad category of renal cell carcinoma includes a spectrum of lesions. In this range of diseases, CDC might be distinct from conventional renal cell carcinoma but share biologic features with UC, with the consequent implications for management. This association between CDC and UC may reflect the common embryologic origin of collecting duct and urothelial cells, since they derive from progressive branching of the mesonephric (wolffian) duct. Furthermore, the differential cytogenetic expression profiles suggest that the molecular events underlying the development of distal nephron and proximal tubule renal cancers are distinct.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/classification
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Humans
- Intermediate Filament Proteins/analysis
- Keratin-20
- Kidney Medulla/chemistry
- Kidney Medulla/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/chemistry
- Kidney Neoplasms/classification
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Kidney Tubules, Collecting/chemistry
- Kidney Tubules, Collecting/embryology
- Kidney Tubules, Collecting/pathology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/embryology
- Male
- Mesonephros
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary
- Nephrons/embryology
- Prognosis
- Pyelonephritis/complications
- Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis
- Retrospective Studies
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Vimentin/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orsola
- Department of Urology, Clínica Plató, Barcelona, Spain.
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26
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Khoury H, Naujokas MA, Zuo D, Sangwan V, Frigault MM, Petkiewicz S, Dankort DL, Muller WJ, Park M. HGF converts ErbB2/Neu epithelial morphogenesis to cell invasion. Mol Biol Cell 2004; 16:550-61. [PMID: 15548598 PMCID: PMC545891 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e04-07-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor Met induces a morphogenic response and stimulates the formation of branching tubules by Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells in three-dimensional cultures. A constitutively activated ErbB2/Neu receptor, NeuNT, promotes a similar invasive morphogenic program in MDCK cells. Because both receptors are expressed in breast epithelia, are associated with poor prognosis, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is expressed in stroma, we examined the consequence of cooperation between these signals. We show that HGF disrupts NeuNT-induced epithelial morphogenesis, stimulating the breakdown of cell-cell junctions, dispersal, and invasion of single cells. This correlates with a decrease in junctional proteins claudin-1 and E-cadherin, in addition to the internalization of the tight junction protein ZO-1. HGF-induced invasion of NT-expressing cells is abrogated by pretreatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) pathway, which restores E-cadherin and ZO-1 at cell-cell junctions, establishing the involvement of MEK-dependent pathways in this process. These results demonstrate that physiological signals downstream from the HGF/Met receptor synergize with ErbB2/Neu to enhance the malignant phenotype, promoting the breakdown of cell-cell junctions and enhanced cell invasion. This is particularly important for cancers where ErbB2/Neu is overexpressed and HGF is a physiological growth factor found in the stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Khoury
- Molecular Oncology Group, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada
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27
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Moch H. Genomic alterations in renal tumours: what have we learned in the era of comparative genomic hybridisation? Pathology 2004; 36:51-7. [PMID: 14757557 DOI: 10.1080/0031302032000174932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in cancer research is to generate molecular profiles of tumours and establish correlations between genetic changes and clinical parameters by screening technologies. The identification of tumour-specific gene targets has potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Metaphase comparative genomic hybridisation has been used to detect relative DNA-sequence copy number gains (including high-level amplifications of chromosomal regions) and copy number losses in human neoplasms. In the past, metaphase comparative genomic hybridisation has been shown to be a powerful genome-wide screening method and this has considerably advanced our understanding of renal cancer biology. Novel molecular technologies, including array-based comparative genomic hybridisation, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), cDNA and tissue microarrays will serve to facilitate further characterisation of candidate genes residing in chromosomal regions defined by metaphase comparative genomic hybridisation. This review concentrates on the application of metaphase comparative genomic hybridisation in the area of renal cancer research and summarises data obtained from comparative genomic hybridisation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Moch
- Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Switzerland.
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28
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Polascik TJ, Bostwick DG, Cairns P. Molecular genetics and histopathologic features of adult distal nephron tumors. Urology 2002; 60:941-6. [PMID: 12475646 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(02)01825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Adenoma, Chromophobe/genetics
- Adenoma, Chromophobe/pathology
- Adenoma, Oxyphilic/genetics
- Adenoma, Oxyphilic/pathology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Kidney Tubules, Collecting/pathology
- Kidney Tubules, Distal/pathology
- Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Polascik
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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29
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Phulwinder KG. A simple single-step method for the synthesis of recombinant non-homologous competitor cDNA and its implications for quantitative PCR in biological sciences and molecular diagnostics. Biol Chem 2002; 383:1463-9. [PMID: 12437141 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2002.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years there has been great interest in quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Consequently, a large number of assays have been developed, of which the one using non-homologous competitors is arguably the most precise. Despite widespread applications, currently there is no simple method to synthesize such competitors. Here a facile and cost-effective, single-step method for synthesis of recombinant, non-homologous, competitor complementary DNA is described. The method can be adapted to generate competitors of any size and sequence. The entire procedure is quick, straightforward and does not require any specialized equipment except a standard thermocycler.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Grover Phulwinder
- Department of Surgery, Flinders University School of Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia
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30
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Milowsky MI, Rosmarin A, Tickoo SK, Papanicolaou N, Nanus DM. Active chemotherapy for collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney: a case report and review of the literature. Cancer 2002; 94:111-6. [PMID: 11815966 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.10204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collecting (Bellini) duct carcinoma (CDC) of the kidney is associated with an aggressive course and an extremely poor prognosis. To the authors' knowledge, there are no standard treatment regimens and neither immunotherapy nor chemotherapy have been found to be effective. METHODS In the current study, the authors report a 49-year-old man who presented with a 7.0 cm x 6.0 cm renal mass with extensive regional, paraaortic, and left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. Radical nephrectomy revealed a CDC. The patient was treated with doxorubicin, 50 mg/m(2) (Day 1), and gemcitabine, 2000 mg/m(2) (Day 1), (AG) every 2 weeks with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) support. RESULTS The left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy significantly decreased in size after the first cycle. Computed tomography (CT) scan after the third cycle revealed a significant (68%) reduction in the tumor volume. Toxicity was comprised of only CTC version 2.0, 1998; Grade 1 nausea and fatigue. After Cycle 6, a repeat CT scan demonstrated minimal disease progression. Based on recent Phase II data of an active regimen comprised of AG alternating with ifosfamide, paclitaxel, and cisplatin (ITP) in patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the patient was treated with ifosfamide, 1500 mg/m(2) (Days 1-3); paclitaxel, 175 mg/m(2) (Day 1); and cisplatin, 35 mg/m(2) (Days 1 and 2), every 4 weeks with GCSF support. After two cycles of ITP, the patient developed disease progression in bone and received palliative radiation therapy. Follow-up CT scan demonstrated new liver metastases. The patient received palliative care without further chemotherapy and died approximately 10 months after the initial diagnosis of CDC. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistologic and molecular analyses indicate that CDC more closely resembles transitional cell carcinoma than renal cell carcinoma. Chemotherapy regimens used to treat advanced transitional cell carcinoma such as AG should be evaluated as first-line therapy for CDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I Milowsky
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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31
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Khoury H, Dankort DL, Sadekova S, Naujokas MA, Muller WJ, Park M. Distinct tyrosine autophosphorylation sites mediate induction of epithelial mesenchymal like transition by an activated ErbB-2/Neu receptor. Oncogene 2001; 20:788-99. [PMID: 11314013 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2000] [Revised: 12/05/2000] [Accepted: 12/12/2000] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tight control of cell proliferation and morphogenesis is required to ensure normal tissue patterning and prevent cancer formation. Overexpression of the ErbB-2/Neu receptor tyrosine kinase is associated with increased progression in human breast cancer, yet in breast explant cultures, the ErbB-2/Neu receptor contributes to alveolar differentiation. To examine the consequence of deregulated ErbB-2/Neu activation on epithelial morphogenesis, we have expressed a constitutively activated mutant of ErbB-2/Neu in a Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell model. Using two-dimensional cultures we demonstrate that activated ErbB-2/Neu induces breakdown of cell-cell junctions, increased cell motility and dispersal of epithelial colonies. This correlates with reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions and loss of insoluble cell-cell junction complexes involving E-cadherin. Interestingly, a constitutively activated ErbB-2/Neu receptor promotes an invasive morphogenic program in MDCK cells in a three-dimensional matrix. We show that two tyrosines in the carboxy-terminal tail of ErbB-2/Neu, involved in the phosphorylation of the Shc adapter protein, are each sufficient to promote epithelial-mesenchymal like transition and enhanced cell motility in two-dimensional culture and cell invasion rather than a morphogenic response in matrix culture. This provides a model system to investigate ErbB-2/Neu induced signaling pathways required for epithelial cell dispersal and invasion versus morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khoury
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Oncology Group, McGill University Hospital Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
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32
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33
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34
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De Diego Rodríguez E, Hernández Rodríguez R, Martín García B, Portillo Martín JA, Correas Gómez MA, Gutiérrez Baños JL, Del Valle Schaan JI, Roca Edreira A, Villanueva Peña A, Gutiérrez García R, Rado Velázquez MA, Torío Sánchez B. [Retroperitoneal mass secondary to Bellini carcinoma]. Actas Urol Esp 1999; 23:801-5. [PMID: 10608068 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-4806(99)72375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bellini Collecting Duct carcinoma is a rare and aggresive histological variety of renal adenocarcinoma which originates from the epithelium of the collecting tubule, with a well established histological, cytogenetic and inmunohistochemic characterization. It allows us to differenciate this tumor type from the rest of renal adenocarcinomas. There are 7 cases already published in the national literature. We introduce a new case with a particularity that is to show an unusual presentation form. It appears clinically without a specific urological symptomatology and radiologically it present a retroperitoneal mass shape with explains the patient's clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Diego Rodríguez
- Servicio de Urología, Departamento de Anatomía patológica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander
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35
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Abstract
In recent years the growing interest in quantitative applications of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has favoured the development of a large number of assay procedures suitable for this purpose. In this paper we review some basic principles of quantitative PCR and in particular the role of reference materials and calibrators and the different strategies adopted for nucleic acid quantification. We focus on two methodological approaches for quantitative PCR in this review: competitive PCR and real-time quantitative PCR based on the use of fluorogenic probes. The first is one of the most common methods of quantitative PCR and we discuss the structure of the competitors and the various assay procedures. The second section is dedicated to a recent promising technology for quantitative PCR in which the use of fluorogenic probes and dedicated instrumentation allows the development of homogeneous methods. Assay performance of these methods in terms of practicability and reliability indicates that these kinds of technologies will have a widespread use in the clinical laboratory in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Orlando
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, University of Florence, Italy
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