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Bidmon B, Kratochwill K, Rusai K, Kuster L, Herzog R, Eickelberg O, Aufricht C. Increased immunogenicity is an integral part of the heat shock response following renal ischemia. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:385-97. [PMID: 22180342 PMCID: PMC3312958 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia increases tubular immunogenicity predisposing to increased risk of kidney allograft rejection. Ischemia-reperfusion not only disrupts cellular homeostasis but also induces the cytoprotective heat shock response that also plays a major role in cellular immune and defense processes. This study therefore tested the hypothesis that upregulation of renal tubular immunogenicity is an integral part of the heat shock response after renal ischemia. Expressions of 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were assessed in normal rat kidney (NRK) cells following ATP depletion (antimycin A for 3 h) and heat (42°C for 24 h). In vitro, transient Hsp70 transfection and heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) transcription factor decoy treatment were performed. In vivo, ischemic renal cortex was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats following unilateral renal artery clamping for 45 min and 24 h recovery. Upregulation of Hsp70 was closely and significantly correlated with upregulation of MHC class II and/or ICAM-1 following ATP depletion and heat injury. Bioinformatics analysis searching the TRANSFAC database predicted HSF-1 binding sites in these genes. HSF-1 decoy significantly reduced the expression of immunogenicity markers in stressed NRK cells. In the in vivo rat model of renal ischemia, concordant upregulation of MHC class II molecules and Hsp70 suggests biological relevance of this link. The results demonstrate that upregulation of renal tubular immunogenicity is an integral part of the heat shock response after renal ischemia. Bioinformatic analysis predicted a molecular link to tubular immunogenicity at the level of the transcription factor HSF-1 that was experimentally verified by HSF-1 decoy treatment. Future studies in HSF-1 knockout mice are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Bidmon
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Kratochwill
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Krisztina Rusai
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lilian Kuster
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital, Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Aufricht
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Animal models of chronic allograft injury: contributions and limitations to understanding the mechanism of long-term graft dysfunction. Transplantation 2010; 90:935-44. [PMID: 20703180 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181efcfbc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Advances in immunosuppression have reduced the incidence of acute graft loss after transplantation, but long-term allograft survival is still hindered by the development of chronic allograft injury, a multifactorial process that involves both immunologic and nonimmunologic components. Because these components become defined in the clinical setting, development of animal models enables exploration into underlying mechanisms leading to long-term graft dysfunction. This review presents animal models that have enabled investigation into chronic allograft injury and discusses pivotal models currently being used. The mechanisms uncovered by these models will ultimately lead to development of new therapeutic options to prevent long-term graft dysfunction.
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Wang Y, John R, Chen J, Richardson JA, Shelton JM, Bennett M, Zhou XJ, Nagami GT, Zhang Y, Wu QQ, Lu CY. IRF-1 promotes inflammation early after ischemic acute kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20:1544-55. [PMID: 19443641 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008080843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute renal ischemia elicits an inflammatory response that may exacerbate acute kidney injury, but the regulation of the initial signals that recruit leukocytes is not well understood. Here, we found that IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) was a critical, early proinflammatory signal released during ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo. Within 15 min of reperfusion, proximal tubular cells of the S3 segment produced IRF-1, which is a transcription factor that activates proinflammatory genes. Transgenic knockout of IRF-1 ameliorated the impairment of renal function, morphologic injury, and inflammation after acute ischemia. Bone marrow chimera experiments determined that maximal ischemic injury required IRF-1 expression by both leukocytes and radioresistant renal cells, the latter identified as S3 proximal tubule cells in the outer medulla by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, reactive oxygen species, generated during ischemia/reperfusion injury, stimulated expression of IRF-1 in an S3 proximal tubular cell line. Taken together, these data suggest that IRF-1 gene activation by reactive oxygen species is an early signal that promotes inflammation after ischemic renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8856, USA
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Murphy SP, Choi JC, Holtz R. Regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II gene expression in trophoblast cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2004; 2:52. [PMID: 15236650 PMCID: PMC479700 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-2-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2004] [Accepted: 07/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast cells are unique because they are one of the few mammalian cell types that do not express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens, either constitutively or after exposure to IFN-gamma. The absence of MHC class II antigen expression on trophoblast cells has been postulated to be one of the essential mechanisms by which the semi-allogeneic fetus evades immune rejection reactions by the maternal immune system. Consistent with this hypothesis, trophoblast cells from the placentas of women suffering from chronic inflammation of unknown etiology and spontaneous recurrent miscarriages have been reported to aberrantly express MHC class II antigens. The lack of MHC class II antigen expression on trophoblast cells is due to silencing of expression of the class II transactivator (CIITA), a transacting factor that is essential for constitutive and IFN-gamma-inducible MHC class II gene transcription. Transfection of trophoblast cells with CIITA expression vectors activates both MHC class II and class Ia antigen expression, which confers on trophoblast cells both the ability to activate helper T cells, and sensitivity to lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Collectively, these studies strongly suggest that stringent silencing of CIITA (and therefore MHC class II) gene expression in trophoblast cells is critical for the prevention of immune rejection responses against the fetus by the maternal immune system. The focus of this review is to summarize studies examining the novel mechanisms by which CIITA is silenced in trophoblast cells. The elucidation of the silencing of CIITA in trophoblast cells may shed light on how the semi-allogeneic fetus evades immune rejection by the maternal immune system during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn P Murphy
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jason C Choi
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Renae Holtz
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Takeuchi O, Sims TN, Takei Y, Ramassar V, Famulski KS, Halloran PF. Differential Usage of Class II Transactivator Promoters PI and PIV during Inflammation and Injury in Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14:2823-32. [PMID: 14569092 DOI: 10.1097/01.asn.0000094084.18567.cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT. Expression of class II transactivator (CIITA), the transcriptional regulator that controls all class II expression, is controlled in cell linesin vitroby three promoters: the dendritic cell promoter PI, the B cell promoter PIII, and the interferon-γ (IFN-γ)–inducible promoter, PIV. The authors examined the promoter usagein vivoin mouse kidney in the basal state and in response to IFN-γ, endotoxin, allostimulation, and renal injury. Genetically modified mice were used to examine the dependency of each promoter on IFN-γ and on the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1). Usage of distinct CIITA promoters was monitored by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using the unique sequences in the 5′ end of the transcript from each promoter. Kidneys in both control mice and IFN-γ knockouts expressed chiefly PI- and PIV–related products. Administration of recombinant IFN-γ activated only promoter PIV. Endotoxin or allogeneic stimulation elevated the PIV-related mRNA, dependent on IFN-γ and on IRF-1. Ischemic renal injury, however, increased the PI- and PIV–driven mRNA expression in wild-type but also in IFN-γ–deficient mice. Thus thein vivocontrol of CIITA promoters in kidney is similar to that observedin vitro(i.e., basal-state usage of PI and IFN-γ–dependent usage of PIV during inflammation), but it also shows additional levels of control: IFN-γ–independent basal activity of PIV and IFN-γ–independent induction of PIV during tissue injury. E-mail: phil.halloran@ualberta.ca
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Affiliation(s)
- Oki Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Holtz R, Choi JC, Petroff MG, Piskurich JF, Murphy SP. Class II transactivator (CIITA) promoter methylation does not correlate with silencing of CIITA transcription in trophoblasts. Biol Reprod 2003; 69:915-24. [PMID: 12748124 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.017103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast cells are unique because they do not express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens, either constitutively or after exposure to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The absence of MHC class II antigens on trophoblasts is thought to play a critical role in preventing rejection of the fetus by the maternal immune system. The inability of trophoblasts to express MHC class II genes is primarily due to lack of the class II transactivator (CIITA), a transacting factor that is required for constitutive and IFN-gamma-inducible MHC class II transcription. We, therefore, investigated the silencing of CIITA expression in trophoblasts. In transient transfection assays, transcription from the IFN-gamma-responsive CIITA type IV promoter was upregulated by IFN-gamma in trophoblasts, which suggests that CIITA is silenced by an epigenetic mechanism in these cells. Polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the CIITA type IV promoter is methylated in both the human choriocarcinoma cell lines JEG-3 and Jar and in 2fTGH fibrosarcoma cells, which are IFN-gamma inducible for CIITA. Conversely, methylation of the CIITA type IV promoter was not observed in human primary cytotrophoblasts isolated from term placentae or in mouse or rat trophoblast cell lines. Simultaneous treatment with IFN-gamma and the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A weakly activated CIITA transcription in mouse trophoblasts. Stable hybrids between human choriocarcinoma and fibrosarcoma cells and between mouse trophoblasts and fibroblasts expressed CIITA following treatment with IFN-gamma. These results suggest that silencing of CIITA transcription is recessive in trophoblasts and involves an epigenetic mechanism other than promoter methylation. The fact that CIITA is expressed in the stable hybrids implies that trophoblasts may be missing a factor that regulates chromatin structure at the CIITA promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renae Holtz
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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Rocha PN, Butterly DW, Greenberg A, Reddan DN, Tuttle-Newhall J, Collins BH, Kuo PC, Reinsmoen N, Fields T, Howell DN, Smith SR. Beneficial effect of plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin on renal allograft survival of patients with acute humoral rejection. Transplantation 2003; 75:1490-5. [PMID: 12792502 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000060252.57111.ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute humoral rejection (AHR) has been associated with enhanced graft loss. Our study compared the renal allograft survival of patients with AHR treated with plasmapheresis (PP) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) with allograft survival in patients with acute cellular rejection (ACR). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed all kidney transplants performed at our institution between January 1999 and August 2001 (n=286). Recipients were classified into three groups according to biopsy reports: AHR, ACR, or no rejection. The ACR group was further divided into early and late rejection (<90 and >90 days posttransplant, respectively). RESULTS After a mean follow-up of 569+/-19 days, the incidence of AHR was 5.6% (n=16). Recipient presensitization, delayed graft function, early rejection, and higher creatinine at diagnosis were characteristic of AHR. Most AHR patients (14/16) were treated with PP and IVIG. One patient received only IVIG, whereas another received only PP. All AHR patients were given steroid pulses, but only four received antilymphocyte therapy because of concomitant severe ACR. The ACR group comprised 43 patients (15%). One patient with mild rejection received no therapy, 20 improved with steroids alone, and 22 required additional antilymphocyte therapy. One-year graft survival by Kaplan Meier analysis was 81% and 84% in the AHR and ACR groups, respectively (P=NS). Outcomes remained similar when AHR patients were compared with those with early ACR. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that AHR, when diagnosed early and treated aggressively with PP and IVIG, carries a short-term prognosis that is similar to ACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo N Rocha
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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Naves R, Lennon AM, Barbieri G, Reyes L, Puga G, Salas L, Deffrennes V, Rosemblatt M, Fellous M, Charron D, Alcaïde-Loridan C, Bono MR. MHC class II-deficient tumor cell lines with a defective expression of the class II transactivator. Int Immunol 2002; 14:481-91. [PMID: 11978778 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/14.5.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MHC class II expression defects have been evidenced in several human tumor cell lines originating from lung cancers or retinoblastoma. Accordingly, the mouse adenocarcinoma and fibrosarcoma cell lines, RAG and L(tk-), do not express I-A and I-E molecules even when treated with IFN-gamma. Here we show that fusion of both cell lines restores the inducible expression of MHC class II, thereby demonstrating that they present different and recessive alterations outside the MHC class II locus. CIITA, the MHC class II transactivator, controls the tissue-specific expression of MHC class II genes and creates the architecture of the transcriptional complex that binds to the MHC class II gene promoters. In L(tk-) cells, C2ta transcripts, expressed from the gene encoding CIITA, were indeed detected in severely limited amounts, with a defect in C2ta transcription initiation. In agreement we show here that the L(tk-) cell line does not express the CIITA protein. In contrast, in the RAG cell line, C2ta transcripts were expressed at normal levels, from the proper initiation site. The nucleotide sequencing of the CIITA cDNA from RAG did not reveal any mutation. However, the CIITA protein was not detected. These data evidence a new type of defect in a MHC class II-defective tumor cell line, as we show here that the alteration in the RAG cells occurs downstream of C2ta transcription. The RAG mutation might therefore reside in the C2ta transcript nuclear export or translation, or in the stability of the CIITA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Naves
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, and Millennium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Sims TN, Afrouzian M, Urmson J, Zhu LF, Halloran PF. The role of the class II transactivator (CIITA) in MHC class I and II regulation and graft rejection in kidney. Am J Transplant 2001; 1:211-21. [PMID: 12102254 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2001.001003211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Class II transactivator (CIITA) induces transcription of MHC class II genes, and induces class I in some cell lines. We examined the effect of CIITA deficiency on class I and II expression in mouse kidney. In CIITA knockout (CIITAKO) mice, basal class II was absent, but class I levels were mildly but significantly increased. Allogeneic stimulation or ischemic injury increased class I and II expression in kidneys of control (wild-type, WT) mice but induced only class I in CIITAKO mice. Thus, in kidney, all basal and induced class II expression was CIITA-dependent, but neither basal nor induced class I was CIITA-dependent. Rejecting kidney allografts from CIITAKO mice in CBA hosts manifested intense induction of donor class I but no donor class II expression. Rejecting kidneys from both WT and CIITAKO donors showed predominantly CD8 T-cell infiltration at days 7 and 21, with increasing tubulitis and arteritis at day 21. CIITAKO kidneys showed fewer infiltrating cells than WT kidneys at day 21. Thus CIITA-deficient kidneys have no basal and induced class II expression but display intense induction of class I expression, and evoke typical rejection lesions, although some indices of infiltration are reduced at day 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Sims
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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10
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Harton JA, Ting JP. Class II transactivator: mastering the art of major histocompatibility complex expression. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:6185-94. [PMID: 10938095 PMCID: PMC86093 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.17.6185-6194.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2000] [Accepted: 05/18/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J A Harton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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11
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van den Elsen PJ, van der Stoep N, Viëtor HE, Wilson L, van Zutphen M, Gobin SJ. Lack of CIITA expression is central to the absence of antigen presentation functions of trophoblast cells and is caused by methylation of the IFN-gamma inducible promoter (PIV) of CIITA. Hum Immunol 2000; 61:850-62. [PMID: 11053628 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(00)00159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lack of MHC-mediated antigen presenting functions of fetal trophoblast cells is an important mechanism to evade maternal immune recognition. In this study we demonstrated that the deficiency in MHC expression and antigen presentation in the trophoblast cell lines JEG-3 and JAR is caused by lack of class II transactivator (CIITA) expression due to hypermethylation of its interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-responsive promoter (PIV). Circumvention of this lack of CIITA expression by introduction of exogenous CIITA induced cell surface expression of HLA-DR, -DP, and -DQ, leading to an acquired capacity to present antigen to antigen-specific T cells. Transfection of CIITA in JEG-3 cells also upregulated functional HLA-B and HLA-C expression. Noteworthy, this lack of IFN-gamma-mediated induction of CIITA was also found to exist in normal trophoblast cells expanded from chorionic villus biopsies. Together, these observations demonstrate that lack of CIITA expression is central to the absence of antigen presentation functions of trophoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J van den Elsen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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12
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Charreau B, Coupel S, Boulday G, Soulillou JP. Cyclosporine inhibits class II major histocompatibility antigen presentation by xenogeneic endothelial cells to human T lymphocytes by altering expression of the class II transcriptional activator gene. Transplantation 2000; 70:354-61. [PMID: 10933163 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200007270-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclosporine (CsA) is currently given to recipients of vascularized xenografts as part of the immunosuppressive regimen required to prevent the hyperacute rejection phase. The effects of CsA on non-lymphoid immune cells, such as endothelial cells (ECs), have not been well characterized and sometimes seem contradictory, because both protective and adverse effects have been reported. In the present study, we investigated in vitro whether CsA could alter the antigenicity of activated porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAECs) by reducing class I and class II MHC antigen expression. METHODS The effect of CsA on MHC antigen expression during tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha- or lymphocyte-mediated PAEC activation was evaluated in vitro by flow cytometry and correlated to the ability of porcine ECs to promote human T lymphocyte proliferation. The effect of CsA on class II MHC antigen mRNA expression was also analyzed and related to class II transcriptional activator (CIITA) mRNA expression. RESULTS Flow cytometry analysis showed that TNF-alpha-mediated induction of class II MHC antigen expression on PAECs was completely inhibited by CsA, whereas expression of class I MHC was reduced by 50%. The inhibition was dose dependent (at drug concentrations ranging from 2.5 microg/ml to 20.0 microg/ml) and was consistently observed at all time points (24-72 hr) during the activation period. Decreased MHC antigen expression dramatically reduced the ability of PAECs to further promote human T-cell proliferation. Similar levels of inhibition were achieved using an anti-porcine class II MHC blocking monoclonal antibody. Pretreatment of PAECs with CsA for 4 hr before coculture with human peripheral blood leukocytes efficiently blocked the induction on PAECs of E-selectin and class II MHC antigens and inhibited overexpression of class I antigens. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction experiments showed that CsA markedly reduced the steady-state level of porcine class II (SLA-DRA and SLA-DQA) mRNA at 16 hr, compared with PAECs stimulated with TNF-alpha alone. The reduced level of class II MHC mRNA was associated with a lack of CIITA expression at this time point, suggesting that CsA could alter transcription or promote the rapid decay of CIITA mRNA. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that CsA could play a role in preventing porcine MHC antigens being directly presented to human T lymphocytes by xenogeneic ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Charreau
- INSERM U437, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, C.H.U. de Nantes, France
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Takei Y, Sims TN, Urmson J, Halloran PF. Central role for interferon-gamma receptor in the regulation of renal MHC expression. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11:250-261. [PMID: 10665932 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) receptor 1 (IFN-gammaR1) was investigated in the regulation of MHC expression in kidney in the basal state, in response to potent inflammatory stimuli, and after renal injury. In this study, MHC regulation in mice lacking IFN-gammaR due to targeted disruption of the IFN-gammaR1 gene (GRKO mice) was compared with regulation in 129Sv/J mice with wild-type IFN-gammaR1 genes. Basal class I expression was reduced by approximately 45% in kidneys of GRKO mice, while basal class II expression was confined to interstitial cells and was not reduced in GRKO kidneys. Recombinant IFN-gamma administration induced widespread expression of class I and II in renal tubules, arterial endothelium, and glomeruli of 129Sv/J mice, but produced no change in kidneys of GRKO mice. Potent systemic inflammatory stimuli (injections of allogeneic cells, skin sensitization with oxazolone, and injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide) significantly induced both class I and class II expression in 129Sv/J mice, but not in GRKO mice. Acute renal injury increased local expression of class I and II in both 129Sv/J and GRKO mice, but the induction in GRKO mice was reduced compared with 129Sv/J mice. Thus, the IFN-gamma receptor plays a unique and nonredundant role in the regulation of renal MHC in the response to inflammation, in the response to renal injury, and in the basal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Takei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tasha N Sims
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joan Urmson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philip F Halloran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Fontes JD, Kanazawa S, Nekrep N, Peterlin BM. The class II transactivator CIITA is a transcriptional integrator. Microbes Infect 1999; 1:863-9. [PMID: 10614003 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(99)00232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J D Fontes
- Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0703, USA
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Sims
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R8, Canada
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16
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Johnsson C, Tufveson G, Hällgren R, Elvin A, Gerdin B. Hyaluronidase ameliorates rejection-induced edema. Transpl Int 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1999.tb01207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Recent advances in transplant immunology are wide ranging. These include the testing of new approaches to tolerance induction by the interruption of co-stimulatory pathways, the analysis of molecular events underlying the development of chronic rejection, efforts to increase the donor pool by consideration of the role of brain death in donor-dependent outcomes of allografting, and progress towards renal xenografting. In addition, current molecular approaches are paramount to understanding key events from ischemia/reperfusion injury and the role of apoptosis in remodelling of the host immune response to an allograft. Important papers relevant to the field from the past year are reviewed with an eye to clinically relevant new data involving renal transplantation.
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18
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Chan DY, Ratner LE, Kavoussi LR. Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: standard of care or unnecessary risk of organ loss? Curr Opin Urol 1999; 9:219-22. [PMID: 10726094 DOI: 10.1097/00042307-199905000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy was developed to remove disincentives to live donation. It has been demonstrated to decrease the length of hospitalization, postoperative pain, time to convalescence and activity, while providing an optimal cosmetic result. Initial reports suggest that laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is feasible and equivalent to open donor nephrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Chan
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287-2101, USA
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Piskurich JF, Linhoff MW, Wang Y, Ting JP. Two distinct gamma interferon-inducible promoters of the major histocompatibility complex class II transactivator gene are differentially regulated by STAT1, interferon regulatory factor 1, and transforming growth factor beta. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:431-40. [PMID: 9858567 PMCID: PMC83901 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.19.1.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/1998] [Accepted: 09/28/1998] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II transactivator (CIITA) is the master regulatory factor required for appropriate expression of class II MHC genes. Understanding the expression of CIITA is key to understanding the regulation of class II MHC genes. This report describes the independent regulation of two distinct CIITA promoters by cytokines with opposing functions, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). A functional analysis of deletion mutations of the upstream promoter (promoter III) identified an IFN-gamma-responsive region located approximately 5 kb from the transcriptional start site. An in vivo DNase I hypersensitivity analysis detected a hypersensitive site in this area which supports the relevance of this region. When the downstream promoter (promoter IV) was studied by in vivo genomic footprinting, IFN-gamma-induced changes at putative binding sites for STAT1, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), and E-box proteins were seen. Gel shift and supershift analyses for IRF-1 confirmed the in vivo footprint results. The role of the IFN-gamma-inducible transcription factor STAT1 was examined functionally. Although both promoters were controlled by STAT1, promoter-specific regulation was exhibited. The IFN-gamma response of promoter III was completely dependent on STAT1 and not IRF-1, while promoter IV was partially activated by IRF-1 in the total absence of STAT1 expression. While both promoters were affected by TGF-beta, activation of promoter III by IFN-gamma was more severely diminished by TGF-beta treatment. The differential control of CIITA promoters by TGF-beta, IRF-1, and STAT1 may be important in refining regulation of class II MHC genes in different cell types and under different stimulatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Piskurich
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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