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Li S, Fan L, Viktoria U, Oleksandr P, Li Z, Zhang W, Deng B. Effect of resuscitation of cryopreserved porcine adrenal glands at 26 °C on their recovery and functioning under xenotransplantation. Cryobiology 2024; 115:104895. [PMID: 38616031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The study is devoted to the effect of lowered resuscitation temperature (26 °C) on cryopreserved porcine adrenal glands functional activity in vitro and in vivo under xenotransplantation. The adrenals were collected from newborn pigs, cryopreserved with 5 % DMSO at a rate of 1 °C/min, resuscitated at 26 or 37 °C for 48 h (5 % CO2, DMEM), embedded into small intestinal submucosa, and transplanted to bilaterally adrenalectomized rats. It has been shown that the glands resuscitated at 26 °C have suppressed free-radical processes and can produce cortisol and aldosterone in vitro, and may lead to elevated blood levels of these hormones. Moreover, the adrenal grafts maintain blood glucose levels and promote the formation of glycogen stores. Thus, the resuscitation at 26 °C can improve the quality of grafts and favor the introduction and application of the cryopreserved organs and tissues for transplantation in clinical and experimental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- College of Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang City, China.
| | - Lingling Fan
- College of Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang City, China.
| | - Ustichenko Viktoria
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Pakhomov Oleksandr
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Zhongjie Li
- College of Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang City, China.
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- College of Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang City, China.
| | - Bo Deng
- College of Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang City, China.
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Sakata N, Yoshimatsu G, Kawakami R, Aoyagi C, Kodama S. Optimal temperature for the long-term culture of adult porcine islets for xenotransplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1280668. [PMID: 37901206 PMCID: PMC10611499 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1280668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine islet xenotransplantation represents a promising therapy for severe diabetes mellitus. Long-term culture of porcine islets is a crucial challenge to permit the on-demand provision of islets. We aimed to identify the optimal temperature for the long-term culture of adult porcine islets for xenotransplantation. We evaluated the factors potentially influencing successful 28-day culture of islets at 24°C and 37°C, and found that culture at 37°C contributed to the stability of the morphology of the islets, the proliferation of islet cells, and the recovery of endocrine function, indicated by the expression of genes involved in pancreatic development, hormone production, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. These advantages may be provided by islet-derived CD146-positive stellate cells. The efficacy of xenotransplantation using islets cultured for a long time at 37°C was similar to that of overnight-cultured islets. In conclusion, 37°C might be a suitable temperature for the long-term culture of porcine islets, but further modifications will be required for successful xenotransplantation in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Sakata
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gumpei Yoshimatsu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Kawakami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chikao Aoyagi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shohta Kodama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Brandhorst H, Johnson PRV, Korsgren O, Brandhorst D. Quantifying the Effects of Different Neutral Proteases on Human Islet Integrity. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1733-1741. [PMID: 29338387 PMCID: PMC5784524 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717727544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient islet release from the pancreas requires the combination of collagenase, neutral protease (cNP), or thermolysin (TL). Recently, it has been shown that clostripain (CP) may also contribute to efficient islet release from the human pancreas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of these proteases on human islet integrity in a prospective approach. Islets were isolated from the pancreas of 10 brain-dead human organ donors. Purified islets were precultured for 3 to 4 d at 37 °C to ensure that preparations were cleared of predamaged islets, and only integral islets were subjected to 90 min of incubation at 37 °C in Hank’s balanced salt solution supplemented with cNP, TL, or CP. The protease concentrations were calculated for a pancreas of 100 g trimmed weight utilizing 120 dimethyl-casein units of cNP, 70,000 caseinase units of TL, or 200 benzoyl-l-arginine-ethyl-ester units of CP (1×). These activities were then increased both 5× and 10×. After subsequent 24-h culture in enzyme-free culture medium, treated islets were assessed and normalized to sham-treated controls. Compared with controls and CP, islet yield was significantly reduced by using the 5× activity of cNP and TL, inducing also fragmentation and DNA release. Viability significantly decreased not until adding the 1× activity of cNP, 5× activity of TL, or 10× activity of CP. Although mitochondrial function was significantly lowered by 1× cNP and 5× TL, CP did not affect mitochondria at any concentration. cNP- and TL-incubated islets significantly lost intracellular insulin already at 1× activity, while the 10× activity of CP had to be added to observe a similar effect. cNP and TL have a similar toxic potency regarding islet integrity. CP also induces adverse effects on islets, but the toxic threshold is generally higher. We hypothesize that CP can serve as supplementary protease to minimize cNP or TL activity for efficient pancreas digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Brandhorst
- 1 Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,2 Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford, United Kingdom.,3 Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul R V Johnson
- 1 Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,2 Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford, United Kingdom.,4 Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Olle Korsgren
- 3 Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandhorst
- 1 Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,2 Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford, United Kingdom.,3 Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Lee HS, Song S, Shin DY, Kim GS, Lee JH, Cho CW, Lee KW, Park H, Ahn C, Yang J, Yang HM, Park JB, Kim SJ. Enhanced effect of human mesenchymal stem cells expressing human TNF-αR-Fc and HO-1 gene on porcine islet xenotransplantation in humanized mice. Xenotransplantation 2017; 25. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sin Lee
- Transplantation Research Center; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Medical Center; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute; Seoul Korea
| | - Sanghyun Song
- Department of Surgery; Dankook University College of Medicine; Dankook University Hospital; Cheonam Korea
| | - Du Yeon Shin
- Transplantation Research Center; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Medical Center; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute; Seoul Korea
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology; Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology; Graduate School; Sungkyunkwan University; Seoul Korea
| | - Geun-Soo Kim
- Transplantation Research Center; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Medical Center; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute; Seoul Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Lee
- Transplantation Research Center; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Medical Center; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute; Seoul Korea
| | - Chan Woo Cho
- Department of Surgery; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Kyo Won Lee
- Department of Surgery; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyojun Park
- Transplantation Research Center; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Medical Center; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute; Seoul Korea
- Department of Surgery; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Transplantation Center; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Center; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Heung-Mo Yang
- Transplantation Research Center; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Medical Center; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute; Seoul Korea
- Department of Medicine; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Kyunggi Korea
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Transplantation Research Center; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Medical Center; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute; Seoul Korea
- Department of Surgery; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Kim
- Transplantation Research Center; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Medical Center; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute; Seoul Korea
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology; Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology; Graduate School; Sungkyunkwan University; Seoul Korea
- Department of Surgery; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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The Optimization of Short-Term Hepatocyte Preservation Before Transplantation. Transplant Direct 2017; 3:e176. [PMID: 28706979 PMCID: PMC5498017 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background No optimal methods for short-term hepatocyte preservation have been established. We have recently developed a prominent oxygen-permeable bag (Tohoku Device [TD]) for pancreatic islet culture and transplantation. In this study, we investigated whether TD is also effective for hepatocyte preservation and tried to optimize other conditions. Methods Hepatocytes were preserved in the following conditions, and their outcomes were observed. First, the effectiveness of TD was investigated. Second, hepatocyte medium (HM) and organ preservation solutions with or without fetal bovine serum (FBS) were compared. Third, as supplementations, FBS and human serum albumin (HSA) were compared. Fourth, low, room and high temperature were compared. And finally, hepatocytes preserved in various conditions were transplanted into the subrenal capsule space of nonalbumin rats and engrafted areas were assessed. Results The survival rate of hepatocytes preserved in TD tended to be higher and their viability and function were maintained significantly greater than those of non-TD group. Irrespective of FBS supplementation, the survival rate of HM group was significantly higher than those of organ preservation solution group while viabilities and plating efficiency were similar among them. Although survival rates of groups without FBS were extremely low, results of HSA supplemented group were not inferior to FBS supplemented group. Hepatocytes preserved at high temperature had the worst results. The engrafted area of TD group tended to be higher than those of other groups. Conclusions TD is effective for short-term hepatocyte preservation. HSA is a useful substitute for FBS, and preserving in HM at low temperature is recommended.
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Brandhorst D, Brandhorst H, Johnson PRV. Enzyme Development for Human Islet Isolation: Five Decades of Progress or Stagnation? Rev Diabet Stud 2017. [PMID: 28632819 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2017.14.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In comparison to procedures used for the separation of individual cell types from other organs, the process of human pancreatic islet isolation aims to digest the pancreatic exocrine matrix completely without dispersing the individual cells within the endocrine cell cluster. This objective is unique within the field of tissue separation, and outlines the challenge of islet isolation to balance two opposing priorities. Although significant progress has been made in the characterization and production of enzyme blends for islet isolation, there are still numerous areas which require improvement. The ultimate goal of enzyme production, namely the routine production of a consistent and standardized enzyme blend, has still not been realized. This seems to be mainly the result of a lack of detailed knowledge regarding the structure of the pancreatic extracellular matrix and the synergistic interplay between collagenase and different supplementary proteases during the degradation of the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the activation of intrinsic proteolytic enzymes produced by the pancreatic acinar cells, also impacts on the chance of a successful outcome of human islet isolation. This overview discusses the challenges of pancreatic enzymatic digestion during human islet isolation, and outlines the developments in this field over the past 5 decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brandhorst
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heide Brandhorst
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R V Johnson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Pancreatic Islets: Methods for Isolation and Purification of Juvenile and Adult Pig Islets. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 938:35-55. [PMID: 27586421 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39824-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The current situation of organ transplantation is mainly determined by the disbalance between the number of available organs and the number of patients on the waiting list. This obvious dilemma might be solved by the transplantation of porcine organs into human patients. The metabolic similarities which exist between both species made pancreatic islets of Langerhans to that donor tissue which will be most likely transplanted in human recipients. Nevertheless, the successful isolation of significant yields of viable porcine islets is extremely difficult and requires extensive experiences in the field. This review is focussing on the technical challenges, pitfalls and particularities that are associated with the isolation of islets from juvenile and adult pigs considering donor variables that can affect porcine islet isolation outcome.
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Hawthorne WJ, Williams L, Chew YV. Clinical Islet Isolation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 938:89-122. [PMID: 27586424 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39824-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The overarching success of islet transplantation relies on the success in the laboratory to isolate the islets. This chapter focuses on the processes of human islet cell isolation and the ways to optimally provide islet cells for transplantation. The major improvements in regards to the choice of enzyme type, way the digested pancreas tissue is handled to best separate islets from the acinar and surrounding tissues, the various methods of purification of the islets, their subsequent culture and quality assurance to improve outcomes to culminate in safe and effective islet transplantation will be discussed. After decades of improvements, islet cell isolation and transplantation now clearly offer a safe, effective and feasible therapeutic treatment option for an increasing number of patients suffering from type 1 diabetes specifically for those with severe hypoglycaemic unawareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne J Hawthorne
- National Pancreas and Islet Transplant Laboratories, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia. .,Department of Surgery, Westmead Clinical School, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Lindy Williams
- National Pancreas and Islet Transplant Laboratories, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Yi Vee Chew
- National Pancreas and Islet Transplant Laboratories, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
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Brandhorst D, Brandhorst H, Mullooly N, Acreman S, Johnson PRV. High Seeding Density Induces Local Hypoxia and Triggers a Proinflammatory Response in Isolated Human Islets. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:1539-46. [PMID: 26628048 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x689929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is the main threat to morphological and functional integrity of isolated pancreatic islets. Lack of oxygen seems to be of particular importance for functionality of encapsulated islets. The present study was initiated as an experimental model for the environment experienced by human islets in a confined space present during culture, shipment, and in an implanted macrodevice. Quadruplicate aliquots of isolated human islets (n = 12) were cultured for 24 h at 37°C under normoxic conditions using 24-well plates equipped with 8-µm pore size filter inserts and filled with islet aliquots adjusted to obtain a seeding density of 75, 150, 300, or 600 IEQ/cm(2). After culture viability, glucose-stimulated insulin release, DNA content as well as Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression were measured. Culture supernatants were collected to determine production of VEGF and MCP-1. Viability correlated inversely with IEQ seeding density (r = -0.71, p < 0.001), while the correlation of VEGF and MCP-1 secretion with seeding density was positive (r = 0.78, p < 0.001; r = 0.54, p < 0.001). Decreased viability corresponded with a significant increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio at 300 and 600 IEQ/cm(2) and with a sigificantly reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin content compared to 75 or 150 IEQ/cm(2) (p < 0.01). The present study demonstrates that the seeding density is inversely correlated with islet viability and in vitro function. This is associated with a significant increase in VEGF and MCP-1 release suggesting a hypoxic and proinflammatory islet microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heide Brandhorst
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Zhu H, Yu L, He Y, Lyu Y, Wang B. Microencapsulated Pig Islet Xenotransplantation as an Alternative Treatment of Diabetes. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:474-89. [PMID: 26028249 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Heart Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Noguchi H, Miyagi-Shiohira C, Kurima K, Kobayashi N, Saitoh I, Watanabe M, Noguchi Y, Matsushita M. Islet Culture/Preservation Before Islet Transplantation. CELL MEDICINE 2015; 8:25-9. [PMID: 26858905 DOI: 10.3727/215517915x689047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although islet culture prior to transplantation provides flexibility for the evaluation of isolated islets and the pretreatment of patients, it is well known that isolated islets deteriorate rapidly in culture. Human serum albumin (HSA) is used for medium supplementation instead of fetal bovine serum (FBS), which is typically used for islet culture research, to avoid the introduction of xenogeneic materials. However, FBS contains several factors that are beneficial to islet viability and which also neutralize the endogenous pancreatic enzymes or exogenous enzymes left over from the isolation process. Several groups have reported the comparison of cultures at 22°C and 37°C. Recent studies have demonstrated the superiority of 4°C preservation to 22°C and 37°C cultures. We herein review the current research on islet culture/preservation for clinical islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | - Chika Miyagi-Shiohira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kurima
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | | | - Issei Saitoh
- ‡ Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- § Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yasufumi Noguchi
- ¶ Department of Socio-environmental Design, Hiroshima International University , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- # Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
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Nagaraju S, Bottino R, Wijkstrom M, Trucco M, Cooper DKC. Islet xenotransplantation: what is the optimal age of the islet-source pig? Xenotransplantation 2014; 22:7-19. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Nagaraju
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Rita Bottino
- Division of Immunogenetics; Department of Pediatrics; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Martin Wijkstrom
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Massimo Trucco
- Division of Immunogenetics; Department of Pediatrics; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - David K. C. Cooper
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh PA USA
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13
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Fraker CA, Cechin S, Álvarez-Cubela S, Echeverri F, Bernal A, Poo R, Ricordi C, Inverardi L, Domínguez-Bendala J. A physiological pattern of oxygenation using perfluorocarbon-based culture devices maximizes pancreatic islet viability and enhances β-cell function. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:1723-33. [PMID: 23068091 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional culture vessels are not designed for physiological oxygen (O2) delivery. Both hyperoxia and hypoxia-commonly observed when culturing cells in regular plasticware-have been linked to reduced cellular function and death. Pancreatic islets, used for the clinical treatment of diabetes, are especially sensitive to sub- and supraphysiological O2 concentrations. A result of current culture standards is that a high percentage of islet preparations are never transplanted because of cell death and loss of function in the 24-48 h postisolation. Here, we describe a new culture system designed to provide quasiphysiological oxygenation to islets in culture. The use of dishes where islets rest atop a perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based membrane, coupled with a careful adjustment of environmental O2 concentration to target the islet physiological pO2 range, resulted in dramatic gains in viability and function. These observations underline the importance of approximating culture conditions as closely as possible to those of the native microenvironment, and fill a widely acknowledged gap in our ability to preserve islet functionality in vitro. As stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells are likely to suffer from the same limitations as those observed in real islets, our findings are especially timely in the context of current efforts to define renewable sources for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Fraker
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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14
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Brandhorst H, Iken M, Scott WE, Papas KK, Theisinger B, Johnson PR, Korsgren O, Brandhorst D. Quality of isolated pig islets is improved using perfluorohexyloctane for pancreas storage in a split lobe model. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:1477-83. [PMID: 23044229 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreas transportation between donor center and islet production facility is frequently associated with prolonged ischemia impairing islet isolation and transplantation outcomes. It is foreseeable that shipment of pig pancreases from distant centralized biosecure breeding facilities to institutes that have a long-term experience in porcine islet isolation is essentially required in future clinical islet xenotransplantation. Previously, we demonstrated that perfluorohexyloctan (F6H8) is significantly more efficient to protect rat and human pancreata from ischemically induced damage compared to perfluorodecalin (PFD). To evaluate the effect of F6H8 on long-term stored pig pancreases in a prospective study, we utilized the split lobe model to minimize donor variability. Retrieved pancreases were dissected into the connecting and splenic lobe, intraductally flushed with UW solution and immersed alternately in either preoxygenated F6H8 or PFD for 8-10 h. Prior to pancreas digestion, the intrapancreatic pO2 and the ratio of ATP-to-inorganic phosphate was compared utilizing 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Isolated islets were cultured for 2-3 days at 37°C and subjected to quality assessment. Pancreatic lobes stored in preoxygenated F6H8 had a significantly higher intrapancreatic pO2 compared to pancreata in oxygen-precharged PFD (10.11 ± 3.87 vs. 1.64 ± 1.13 mmHg, p < 0.05). This correlated with a higher ATP-to-inorganic phosphate ratio (0.30 ± 0.04 vs. 0.14 ± 0.01). No effect was observed concerning yield and purity of freshly isolated islets. Nevertheless, a significantly improved glucose-stimulated insulin response, increased viability and postculture survival (57.2 ± 5.7 vs. 39.3 ± 6.4%, p < 0.01) was measured in islets isolated from F6H8-preserved pancreata. The present data suggest that F6H8 does not increase islet yield but improves quality of pig islets isolated after prolonged cold ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Brandhorst
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Dufrane D, Gianello P. Pig islet for xenotransplantation in human: structural and physiological compatibility for human clinical application. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2012; 26:183-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Park KH, Song SC. A thermo-sensitive poly(organophosphazene) hydrogel used as an extracellular matrix for artificial pancreas. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 16:1421-31. [PMID: 16370242 DOI: 10.1163/156856205774472272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A poly(organophosphazene) bearing alpha-amino-omega-methyl-poly(ethylene glycol) (AMPEG) and hydrophobic L-isoleucine ethyl ester (IleOEt) side groups has been synthesized. This material exhibited 4 phase transitions in an aqueous solution on gradually increasing the temperature, i.e., a transparent sol, a transparent gel, an opaque gel and a turbid sol. A 10 wt% buffered solution of the polymer was employed to entrap islets of Langerhans in an artificial pancreas. Rat islets entrapped in the gel showed prolonged insulin secretion in response to basal (5.5 mM) glucose concentration compared to free rat islets and islets entrapped in other types of polymer gels. Over a 28-day culture period, the rat islets in the poly(organophosphazene) hydrogel maintained higher cell viability and insulin production versus rat islets in different hydrogels and free islets. This thermo-sensitive injectable, biodegradable matrix can be used with several cell types, including nerve cells, to promote nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Hong Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ajou University, Wonchon-dong Yongtong-gu, Suwon 442-749, South Korea
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Jahansouz C, Jahansouz C, Kumer SC, Brayman KL. Evolution of β-Cell Replacement Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus: Islet Cell Transplantation. J Transplant 2011; 2011:247959. [PMID: 22013505 PMCID: PMC3195999 DOI: 10.1155/2011/247959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 23.6 million people in the United States are affected. Of these individuals, 5 to 10% have been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), an autoimmune disease. Although it often appears in childhood, T1DM may manifest at any age, leading to significant morbidity and decreased quality of life. Since the 1960s, the surgical treatment for diabetes mellitus has evolved to become a viable alternative to insulin administration, beginning with pancreatic transplantation. While islet cell transplantation has emerged as another potential alternative, its role in the treatment of T1DM remains to be solidified as research continues to establish it as a truly viable alternative for achieving insulin independence. In this paper, the historical evolution, procurement, current status, benefits, risks, and ongoing research of islet cell transplantation are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Jahansouz
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22102, USA
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Ståhle MU, Brandhorst D, Korsgren O, Knutson F. Pathogen inactivation of human serum facilitates its clinical use for islet cell culture and subsequent transplantation. Cell Transplant 2010; 20:775-81. [PMID: 21054939 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x539056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum is regarded as an essential supplement to promote survival and growth of cells during culture. However, the potential risk of transmitting diseases disqualifies the use of serum for clinical cell therapy in most countries. Hence, most clinical cell therapy programs have replaced human serum with human serum albumin, which can result in inferior quality of released cell products. Photochemical treatment of different blood products utilizing Intercept® technology has been shown to inactivate a broad variety of pathogens of RNA and DNA origin. The present study assesses the feasibility of using pathogen-inactivated, blood group-compatible serum for use in human pancreatic islet culture. Isolated human islets were cultured at 37°C for 3-4 days in CMRL 1066 supplemented with 10% of either pathogen-inactivated or nontreated human serum. Islet quality assessment included glucose-stimulated insulin release (perifusion), ADP/ATP ratio, cytokine expression, and posttransplant function in diabetic nude mice. No differences were found between islets cultured in pathogen-inactivated or control serum regarding stimulated insulin release, intracellular insulin content, and ADP/ATP ratio. Whether media was supplemented with treated or nontreated serum, islet expression of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, or tissue factor was not affected. The final diabetes-reversal rate of mice receiving islets cultured in pathogen-inactivated or nontreated serum was 78% and 87%, respectively (NS). As reported here, pathogen-inactivated human serum does not affect viability or functional integrity of cultured human islets. The implementation of this technology for RNA- and DNA-based pathogen inactivation should enable reintroduction of human serum for clinical cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus U Ståhle
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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Noguchi H, Naziruddin B, Jackson A, Shimoda M, Ikemoto T, Fujita Y, Chujo D, Takita M, Kobayashi N, Onaca N, Levy MF, Matsumoto S. Low-temperature preservation of isolated islets is superior to conventional islet culture before islet transplantation. Transplantation 2010; 89:47-54. [PMID: 20061918 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181be3bf2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although culturing islets before transplantation provides flexibility for evaluation of isolated islets and pretreatment of patients, it is well-known that isolated islets deteriorate rapidly in culture. In this study, we evaluated optimal temperature for culture/preservation of isolated human islets before transplantation. METHODS Isolated islets were cultured or preserved for 48 hr in the following culture/preservation conditions: preservation at 4 degrees C in University of Wisconsin solution and culture at 22 degrees C or 37 degrees C in culture medium. RESULTS Islet morphology after 4 degrees C preservation was similar to that of fresh islets, whereas islet diameter after 37 degrees C or 22 degrees C culture was smaller than that of fresh islets. Islet yield significantly decreased at higher temperatures (24% loss in 37 degrees C culture and 19% loss in 22 degrees C culture, but <5% loss in 4 degrees C preservation). Cultured/preserved islets were transplanted into diabetic nude mice. The attainability of posttransplantation normoglycemia was significantly higher in the 4 degrees C preservation group than in 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C culture groups. CONCLUSION Preservation of isolated islets at 4 degrees C improves the outcome of islet transplantation more efficiently than preservation at 22 degrees C or 37 degrees C. Based on these data, we have performed short-time cold storage of isolated islets instead of culturing for current clinical islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Noguchi
- Baylor All Saints Medical Center, Baylor Research Institute, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
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Kin T. Islet isolation for clinical transplantation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 654:683-710. [PMID: 20217520 DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3271-3_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is emerging as a viable treatment option for selected patients with type 1 diabetes. Following the initial report in 2000 from Edmonton of insulin independence in seven out of seven consecutive recipients, there has been a huge expansion in clinical islet transplantation. The challenge we now face is the apparent decline in graft function over time. Isolating high-quality human islets which survive and function for a longer period will no doubt contribute to further improvement in long-term clinical outcome. This chapter reviews the selection of appropriate donors for islet isolation and transplantation, describes each step during islet isolation, and discusses the scope for further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2C8, Canada.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allogeneic islet transplantation faces difficulties because organ shortage is recurrent; several pancreas donors are often needed to treat one diabetic recipient; and the intrahepatic site of islet implantation may not be the most appropriate one. Another source of insulin-producing cells, therefore, would be of major interest, and pigs represent a possible and serious source for obtaining such cells. RECENT FINDINGS Pig islet grafts may appear difficult because of the species barrier, but recent studies demonstrate that pig islets may function in diabetic primates for at least 6 months. SUMMARY Pig islet xenotransplantation, however, must still overcome the selection of a suitable pig donor to translate preclinical findings into clinical applications. This review summarizes the actual acquired knowledge of pig islet transplantation in primates to select the 'ideal' pig donor.
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Abstract
Allogeneic islet transplantation faces difficulties because (1) organ shortage is recurrent; (2) several pancreas donors are often needed to treat one diabetic recipient; and (3) the intrahepatic site of islet implantation may not be the most appropriate site. Another source of insulin-producing cells, therefore, would be of major interest, and pigs represent a possible and serious source for obtaining such cells. Pig islet grafts may seem difficult because of the species barrier, but recent reports demonstrate that pig islets may function in primates for at least 6 months. Pig islet xenotransplantation, however, must still overcome several hurdles before becoming clinically applicable. The actual consensus is to produce more preclinical data in the pig-to-primate model as a necessary requirement to envisage any pig-to-human transplantation of islets; therefore, a summary of the actual acquired knowledge of pig islet transplantation in primates seemed useful and is summarized in this overview.
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Dufrane D, Nenquin M, Henquin JC. Nutrient control of insulin secretion in perifused adult pig islets. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2007; 33:430-8. [PMID: 17584514 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Xenotransplantation of pig islets is a potential solution to the shortage of human islets, but our knowledge of how these islets secrete insulin in response to nutrients is still fragmentary. This was the question addressed in the present study. METHODS After 24 h culture adult pig islets were perifused to characterize the dynamics of insulin secretion. Some responses were compared to those in human islets. RESULTS Increasing glucose from 1 to 15 mM weakly (approximately 2x) stimulated insulin secretion, which was potentiated (approximately 12x) by the cAMP-producing agent, forskolin. The effect of glucose was concentration-dependent (threshold at 3-5 mM and maximum at approximately 10 mM). The pattern of secretion was biphasic with a small first phase and an ascending second phase, and a paradoxical increase when the glucose concentration was abruptly lowered. Diazoxide abolished glucose-induced insulin secretion and tolbutamide reversed the inhibition. Glucose also increased secretion when islets were depolarized with tolbutamide or KCl. Insulin secretion was increased by leucine+glutamine, arginine, alanine or a mixture of amino acids, but their effect was significant only in the presence of forskolin. Upon stimulation by glucose alone, human islets secreted approximately 10x more insulin than pig islets, and the kinetics was characterized by a large first phase, a flat second phase, and rapid reversibility. CONCLUSIONS Compared with human islets, in vitro insulin secretion by adult pig islets is characterized by a different kinetics and a major quantitative deficiency that can be corrected by cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dufrane
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Louvain Faculty of Medicine, UCL 55.30, avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Dufrane D, Goebbels RM, Saliez A, Guiot Y, Gianello P. Six-month survival of microencapsulated pig islets and alginate biocompatibility in primates: proof of concept. Transplantation 2006; 81:1345-53. [PMID: 16699465 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000208610.75997.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pig islets xenotransplantation remains associated with a strong humoral and cellular xenogeneic immune responses. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term biocompatibility of alginate encapsulated pig islets after transplantation in primates. METHODS Adult pig islets encapsulated in alginate under optimal conditions (n=7) or not (n=5) were transplanted under the kidney capsule of nondiabetic Cynomolgus maccacus. Additional primates received empty capsules (n=1) and nonencapsulated pig islets (n=2) as controls. Capsule integrity, cellular overgrowth, pig islet survival, porcine C-peptide and anti-pig IgM/IgG antibodies were examined up to 6 months after implantation. RESULTS Nonencapsulated islets and islets encapsulated in nonoptimal capsules were rapidly destroyed. In seven primates receiving perfectly encapsulated pig islets, part of the islets survived up to 6 months after implantation without immunosuppression. Porcine C-peptide was detected after 1 month in 71% of the animals. The majority of grafts (86%) were intact and completely free of cellular overgrowth or capsule fibrosis. Explanted capsules, after 135 (n=2/2) and 180 (n=2/3) days, demonstrated residual insulin content and responses to glucose challenge (stimulation index of 2.2). Partial islet survival was obtained despite an elicited anti-pig IgG humoral response. CONCLUSIONS Optimal alginate encapsulation significantly prolonged adult pig islet survival into primates for up to 6 months, even in the presence of antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Dufrane
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Université catholique de Louvain, Faculté de Médecine, and Department of Pathology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Leng SH, Lu FE. Induction of pancreatic duct cells of neonatal rats into insulin-producing cells with fetal bovine serum: a natural protocol and its use for patch clamp experiments. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 11:6968-74. [PMID: 16437601 PMCID: PMC4717039 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i44.6968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To induce the pancreatic duct cells into endocrine cells with a new natural protocol for electrophysiological study. METHODS The pancreatic duct cells of neonatal rats were isolated, cultured and induced into endocrine cells with 15% fetal bovine serum for a period of 20 d. During this period, insulin secretion, MTT value, and morphological change of neonatal and adult pancreatic islet cells were comparatively investigated. Pancreatic beta-cells were identified by morphological and electrophysiological characteristics, while ATP sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP)), voltage-dependent potassium channels (K(V)), and voltage-dependent calcium channels (K(CA)) in beta-cells were identified by patch clamp technique. RESULTS After incubation with fetal bovine serum, the neonatal duct cells budded out, changed from duct-like cells into islet clusters. In the first 4 d, MTT value and insulin secretion increased slowly (MTT value from 0.024+/-0.003 to 0.028+/-0.003, insulin secretion from 2.6+/-0.6 to 3.1+/-0.8 mIU/L). Then MTT value and insulin secretion increased quickly from d 5 to d 10 (MTT value from 0.028+/-0.003 to 0.052+/-0.008, insulin secretion from 3.1+/-0.8 to 18.3+/-2.6 mIU/L), then reached high plateau (MTT value >0.052+/-0.008, insulin secretion >18.3+/-2.6 mIU/L). In contrast, for the isolated adult pancreatic islet cells, both insulin release and MTT value were stable in the first 4 d (MTT value from 0.029+/-0.01 to 0.031+/-0.011, insulin secretion from 13.9+/-3.1 to 14.3+/-3.3 mIU/L), but afterwards they reduced gradually (MTT value <0.031+/-0.011, insulin secretion <8.2+/-1.5 mIU/L), and the pancreatic islet cells became dispersed, broken or atrophied correspondingly. The differentiated neonatal cells were identified as pancreatic islet cells by dithizone staining method, and pancreatic beta-cells were further identified by both morphological features and electrophysiological characteristics, i.e. the existence of recording currents from K(ATP), K(V), and K(CA). CONCLUSION Islet cells differentiated from neonatal pancreatic duct cells with the new natural protocol are more advantageous in performing patch clamp study over the isolated adult pancreatic islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Hua Leng
- Institute of Integrative Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
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Rijkelijkhuizen JKRA, van der Burg MPM, Töns A, Terpstra OT, Bouwman E. Pretransplant culture selects for high-quality porcine islets. Pancreas 2006; 32:403-7. [PMID: 16670623 DOI: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000220866.87658.b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The pig is generally considered a suitable alternative donor for clinical islet transplantation. However, adult pig islets are difficult to isolate and culture, often behave variably in in vitro assays, and do not consistently cure diabetic nude mice. In this study, we compared the in vivo function of freshly isolated and cultured adult porcine islets by transplantation in diabetic nude mice. METHODS Freshly isolated and cultured islets were transplanted in different doses to diabetic nude mice (N = 48). RESULTS Average islet yield was 1924 islet-equivalents per gram of pancreas, purity 96%, and the viability that was measured by acridine orange and propidium iodide was greater than 80% in all freshly isolated islet preparations. Grafts of freshly isolated islets failed to reduce hyperglycemia in 17 of 18 recipients. Although after 1 day of culture islet recovery was only 21%, grafts of these islets cured 12 of 17 mice. After 7 to 14 days of culture, the recovery had decreased to 11%; however, these islets reversed hyperglycemia in all mice (13/13) and showed shorter time-to-normoglycemia and more tightly regulated blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS Although freshly isolated adult porcine islets survive culture and transplantation poorly, islets selected by prolonged culture are of high potential.
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Brandhorst H, Duan Y, Iken M, Bretzel RG, Brandhorst D. Effect of stable glutamine compounds on porcine islet culture. Transplant Proc 2006; 37:3519-20. [PMID: 16298648 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pig islets are characterized by significant fragility, preventing successful islet culture prior to xenotransplantation. To improve outcome after culture, we compared the effects of glutamine supplementation on survival and viability of isolated pig islets during culture. METHODS Pig islets were suspended in CMRL 1066 supplemented either with 2.5 mmol/L N-acetyl-L-alanyl-L-glutamine (NALG), a stable compound of L-glutamine, or with 2.5 or 5.0 mmol/L of free L-glutamine (L-Glu). After 24 hours of preincubation, islets were stressed for additional 48 hours with H2O2, DETA, or a cytokine mix. RESULTS Twenty-four-hour survival of unstressed controls precultured with 2.5 mmol/L NALG was significantly decreased compared with islets pretreated with 2.5 or 5.0 mmol/L L-Glu (P < .01). Fresh islets, viability decreased significantly after NALG preincubation, but was maintained after preincubation in 2.5 or 5.0 mmol/L L-Glu (not significant vs fresh; P < .05 vs NALG). Compared with NALG pretreatment L-Glu did not significantly ameliorate the relative survival (related to cultured controls) of islets during proinflammatory treatment. Nevertheless, the beneficial effect of L-Glu preculture on absolute survival (related to freshly isolated islets) of stressed islets was still present in contrast to NALG pretreatment (P < .01). Viability of stressed islets was significantly protected by L-Glu but not by NALG. CONCLUSIONS Pig islet culture is significantly improved if L-glutamine is administered in an unbound form compared with the stable compound NALG. Stress resistance of pig islets seems to be increased by free L-glutamine as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Brandhorst
- Third Medical Department, University Hospital, Rodthohl 6, 35385 Giessen, Germany.
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Kim SC, Han DJ, Kim IH, Woo KO, We YM, Kang SY, Back JH, Kim YH, Kim JH, Lim DG. Comparative study on biologic and immunologic characteristics of the pancreas islet cell between 24 degrees C and 37 degrees C culture in the rat. Transplant Proc 2006; 37:3472-5. [PMID: 16298632 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of culture at 24 degrees C on cell viability, cellular function, immunogenicity, and cytokine profiles of rat pancreatic islets. Pancreatic islets were isolated from Lewis rats and cultured at either 24 degrees C or 37 degrees C for 14 days. Islet recovery was counted as islet equivalents; islet viability was examined with fluorescent vital staining. Islet function was measured with a glucose stimulation test. Annexin V, and MHC class I and II expression were measured using flow cytometric assay for apoptosis and immunogenicity, respectively. Lymphocyte cell proliferation was examined with WST-1 proliferation assay. Cytokine profiles were analyzed with quantitative real time RT-PCR. All these parameters were measured on 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 culture days after islet isolation. Islet recovery was higher in islets cultured at 24 degrees C than 37 degrees C without a change in viability. Insulin secretion after glucose stimulation was more effective in 24 degrees C culture conditions. Decreased apoptotic cell death was demonstrated in 24 degrees C cultured islets. Both MHC class I and II expression on islets and lymphocyte proliferation upon coculture with islets were less prominent in 24 degrees C cultured islets. TNF-alpha expression was lower in islets cultured at 24 degrees C than in islets cultured at 37 degrees C. Both IL-1beta and IL-10 cytokine expressions were similar under both culture conditions. This study demonstrated that cell recovery and function are increased in islets cultured at 24 degrees C than those at 37 degrees C with decreased antigenicity and proinflammatory cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, 388-1 Poongnab-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
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Liu X, Günther L, Drognitz O, Neeff H, Adam U, Hopt UT. Persistent normoglycemia in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat by syngenic transplantation of islets isolated from a single donor with Liberase. Pancreas 2006; 32:9-15. [PMID: 16340738 DOI: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000191647.40044.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enzymatic digestion of donor pancreas is a vital step in islet isolation process. Recently, human and large mammalian islet isolation has been improved by Liberase. However, there are no data to show the improvement of rat islet isolation with Liberase. We hypothesized that commercially available Liberase has variable activities from batch to batch and that a short culture period might improve the function of isolated islets in vivo. We therefore isolated islets with Liberase and cultured them for a short period before transplantation to reverse diabetes in a syngenic rat model. METHODS Islets of high inbred Lewis rats were isolated with Liberase, purified by discontinuous density gradients, hand-picked, and cultured at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. The same batch of Liberase was used for all experiments in this study. Freshly isolated and cultured islets were implanted intraportally into rats rendered diabetic by streptozotocin. RESULTS In this study, we were not able to reverse diabetes by syngenic transplantation of freshly isolated islets from 2 donors with Liberase in the rat model. Surprisingly, for the first time, we successfully achieved normoglycemia for more than 100 days in the diabetic rats by syngenic transplantation of the cultured islets isolated with Liberase. These normoglycemic diabetic rats showed normal glucose tolerance curves. Histologic examination of the livers of the islet recipients revealed intact islets, with numerous well-granulated insulin-containing cells and only few glucagon-expressing cells. In islets of the recipients' pancreata, the remaining native islets consisted mainly of glucagon-expressing cells, with few insulin-expressing cells in the center. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Liberase isolation followed by a short culture period may be a good substitute for collagenase in rats. Islet culture before transplantation can promote the success of single-donor-single-recipient islet transplantation to reverse diabetes in the rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Bergert H, Knoch KP, Meisterfeld R, Jäger M, Ouwendijk J, Kersting S, Saeger HD, Solimena M. Effect of oxygenated perfluorocarbons on isolated rat pancreatic islets in culture. Cell Transplant 2005; 14:441-8. [PMID: 16285252 DOI: 10.3727/000000005783982873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
One impediment for a wider application of islet transplantation is the limited number of donor pancreata for islet isolation. A more efficient utilization of available organs could in part alleviate this problem. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have a high oxygen solubility coefficient and maintain high oxygen partial pressures for extended time. They serve also as oxygen "reservoirs" for harvested organs in pancreas organ transplantation. The aim of this study was to test whether the use of PFCs could also be beneficial for the secretory activity and overall viability of cultured purified islets before transplantation. Purified rat islets were cultured in static conditions with or without oxygen-saturated PFCs for 1 or 7 days. Cell death and apoptosis were assessed by trypan blue staining, DNA strand breaks, and caspase 3/7 activity. mRNA levels of insulin and ICA512/IA-2, a membrane marker of secretory granules (SGs), were quantitated by real-time PCR, whereas insulin content and secretion were measured by RIA. Polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB), which promotes SG biogenesis, was assessed by Western blotting. The number of SGs and the ultrastructural appearance of beta5-cells were analyzed by cryoimmunoelectronmicroscopy for insulin. Various parameters, including caspase activity, insulin and ICA512/IA-2 mRNA levels, PTB expression, number of secretory granules, and ultrastructural appearance did not significantly differ between control and PFC-cultured islets. On the other hand, PFC culture islets showed significantly increased DNA fragmentation and a reduced insulin stimulation index at both time points compared to control islets. While advantageous for the transport of human harvested organs, the use of PFH in the culture may be comparable to and/or not provide advantage over conventional protocols for culture of islets for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Bergert
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, School of Medicine, University of Technology Dresden, Germany.
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Murdoch TB, McGhee-Wilson D, Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT. Methods of human islet culture for transplantation. Cell Transplant 2005; 13:605-618. [PMID: 15648731 DOI: 10.3727/000000004783983602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to maintain isolated human islet preparations in tissue culture has recently been adopted by most islet transplant centers, and improves the safety as well as the practicality of islet transplantation. Maintaining islet viability and recovery, however, remains challenging in a clinical setting, due to stringent conditions required for culture. Islet culture is further complicated by the fact that islets do not form a monolayer. This review aims to clarify media, supplementation, and conditions that have been shown to be relevant to human islets, as well as to offer avenues of future research. Factors examined that may influence islet survival include base medium, glucose concentration, vitamin, inorganic ion, lipid, hormone, growth factor, amino acid, and binding protein composition and concentration, as well as culture temperature and seeding density. In addition, this article reviews novel techniques, such as coculture and matrices, that have been employed in an attempt to improve islet survival and functional viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Murdoch
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Dufrane D, Goebbels RM, Fdilat I, Guiot Y, Gianello P. Impact of porcine islet size on cellular structure and engraftment after transplantation: adult versus young pigs. Pancreas 2005; 30:138-47. [PMID: 15714136 DOI: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000147083.62501.4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the impact of porcine islet size on structural properties and cellular engraftment. METHODS The endocrine structure and collagen/vascular localization in pig islets were studied before and after enzymatic isolation on the pancreas from 6 young and 6 adult Landrace pigs. Isolated islets from both pig types were transplanted under the kidney capsula of diabetic nude rats to assess cellular engraftment. RESULTS In comparison with adult pig pancreata, a significantly greater number of small beta cells (<100 microm) were observed before and after isolation (82% vs. 32%, respectively, P < 0.005) from young pig pancreata. Small islets (<100 microm) showed a peripheral vascular structure, whereas large islets showed a more centralized vascular organization, thereby providing protection during the enzymatic digestion procedure. The islet endocrine structure was not affected by the islet size, but a loss of glucagon cells (-7.9%, P < 0.005) was observed in large isolated islets. The purity of islet preparation was better with pancreata from adult than young donors (86% vs. 64%, respectively, P < 0.05). A lack of engraftment was observed for small islets from young pig donors as compared with large islets from adult donors. CONCLUSIONS Large and well-structured islets, mainly found in adult pig pancreata, probably possess a better potential for cellular engraftment due to centralized vascularization and collagen distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dufrane
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Luther MJ, Davies E, Muller D, Harrison M, Bone AJ, Persaud SJ, Jones PM. Cell-to-cell contact influences proliferative marker expression and apoptosis in MIN6 cells grown in islet-like structures. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005; 288:E502-9. [PMID: 15479950 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00424.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell interactions play an important role in the development and maintenance of the beta-cell phenotype. Here, we have investigated whether E-cadherin plays a role in regulating the growth of insulin-secreting MIN6 cells configured as three-dimensional islet-like clusters (pseudoislets). Pseudoislets form by cell aggregation rather than by proliferation from individual cells and attain the size of primary mouse islets after approximately 7 days of maintenance in culture. E-cadherin is known to mediate homotypic cell adhesion between beta-cells and has also been implicated in a number of cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. E-cadherin and its associated intracellular elements, alpha- and beta-catenin, were upregulated in MIN6 pseudoislets. Pseudoislet formation was associated with an increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and a concomitant downregulation of Ki67, suggesting an overall reduction in cellular proliferation. However, measurements of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation revealed that there were no differences in the rate of MIN6 cell proliferation whether they were configured as monolayers or as pseudoislets, which is likely to be a result of their being a transformed cell line. Cells within pseudoislets were not necrotic, but apoptosis appeared to be upregulated in the islet-like structures. However, no differential expression of Fas and FasL was detected in monolayers and pseudoislets. These results suggest that cell-to-cell interactions within islet-like structures may initiate antiproliferative and proapoptotic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Luther
- Beta-Cell Development and Function Group, Division of Reproductive Health, Endocrinology and Development, Hodgkin Bldg., King's College London, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Cui YF, Ma M, Wang GY, Han DE, Vollmar B, Menger MD. Prevention of core cell damage in isolated islets of Langerhans by low temperature preconditioning. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:545-50. [PMID: 15641143 PMCID: PMC4250808 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i4.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the core cell damage in isolated islets of Langerhans and its prevention by low temperature preconditioning (26 °C).
METHODS: Islets were cultured at 37 °C for 7-14 d after isolation, and then at 26 °C for 2, 4 and 7 d before additional culture at 37 °C for another 7 d. Core cell damage in the isolated islets was monitored by video-microscopy and analyzed quantitatively by use of a computer-assisted image analysis system. The analysis included daily measurement of the diameter and the area of the isolated islets and the area of the core cell damage that developed in those islets over time during culture. Histology and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used to characterize the cell damage and to monitor islet function.
RESULTS: Microscopic analysis showed that during the 7 to 14 d of culture at 37 °C, core cell damage occurred in the larger islets with diameters >200 μm, which included both necrotic and apoptotic cell death. Low temperature (26 °C) culture could prevent core cell damage of isolated islets. The 7-d culture procedure at 26 °C could inhibit most of the core cell (excluding diameters>300 μm) damages when the islets were re-warmed at 37 °C.
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that core cell damage within isolated islets of Langerhans correlates with the size of islets. Low temperature (26 °C) culture can prevent core cell damage in isolated islets, and successfully precondition these islets for incubation at 37 °C. These novel findings may help to understand the pathophysiology of early loss of islet tissue after transplantation, and may provide a new strategy to improve graft function in the clinical setting of islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fu Cui
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Stoffel M, Vallier L, Pedersen RA. Navigating the pathway from embryonic stem cells to beta cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2004; 15:327-36. [PMID: 15125896 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2004.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The compelling goal of using in vitro differentiation of stem cells to obtain replacement pancreatic beta cells that are clinically effective in treating diabetes has until now eluded researchers. This difficulty raises the question of whether more effective strategies are available. We propose that the native embryonic pathway leading to the definitive endoderm lineage, and continuing on to the endocrine pancreas, is the one most likely to succeed for the in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells. We question however whether gain-of-function approaches involving genes necessary for beta cell development are destined to work effectively, and suggest alternative approaches to identifying conditions sufficient for in vitro beta cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Stoffel
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Kim S, Bae YH. Long-Term Insulinotropic Activity of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1/Polymer Conjugate on Islet Microcapsules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 10:1607-16. [PMID: 15684669 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2004.10.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The biohybrid artificial pancreas (BAP), a promising therapy for type 1 diabetes, faces several obstacles such as the need for a large implantation volume of encapsulated islets because of low functionality. To address such problems, in this study we examined long-term insulinotropic activity of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)/polymer conjugate [VAPG: poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-acrylic acid-g-PEG) (VAP)-GLP-1] as well as GLP-1/Zn(2+) crystal by coencapsulation with islets. Microcapsules with VAPG or crystal produced round-shaped beads whereas free GLP-1 showed poor capsule morphology. A perfusion experiment suggested that VAPG showed higher bioactivity than did microcapsules with GLP-1/Zn(2+). In long-term culture (200 mg of glucose/dL [G]), VAPG also enhanced insulinotropic activity over 5 weeks compared with the crystal form of GLP-1. However, maintenance of the high bioactivity of VAPG suddenly declined after week 5, possibly because of degradation, metabolism, and overstimulation. Basal (50 G) and glucose-stimulated (300 G) levels of insulin secretion confirmed a see-saw pattern in which the VAPG gradually decreased insulin secretion from encapsulated islets and then fell below the insulin level secreted from microcapsules containing GLP-1/Zn(2+) crystal. Viability of the microcapsulated islets of each group was not significantly different. Consequently, the coencapsulation of VAPG or GLP-1/Zn(2+) crystal can be a potential approach to reducing BAP volume with further optimization of activity duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Lembert N, Wesche J, Petersen P, Doser M, Becker HD, Ammon HPT. Areal density measurement is a convenient method for the determination of porcine islet equivalents without counting and sizing individual islets. Cell Transplant 2003; 12:33-41. [PMID: 12693662 DOI: 10.3727/000000003783985214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The determination of islet mass is important for the normalization of islet experiments in the laboratory and for the precise dosing of islets for transplantation. The common microscopical analysis is based on individual islet sizing, calculation of the frequency distribution, and conversion into islet equivalents (IEQ), which is the volume of a spherical islet with a diameter of 150 microm. However, islets are of irregular form, which makes this determination user dependent, and the analysis is irreproducible once the original sample is discarded. This routine technique of islet quantification was compared with the analysis of areal density measurements. It was assumed that the entire area occupied by islets can be expressed in IEQ without sizing and counting individual islets. Porcine islets were isolated by continuous digestion/filtration and purified by gradient centrifugation. Purified islets were stained with dithizone and were repeatedly pictured under the microscope with random area selection. A total of 51 pictures was taken from 11 different purifications and stained islets were detected by digital image analysis. The correlation coefficient (r) between bothanalyses was 0.977 with an underestimation of islet yield by areal density detection (slope: 0.75 +/- 0.03). Areal density analysis per picture took about 1 min, which is about 10 times faster than the traditional method without increasing the method error (CV 2.1% vs. 2.7%). In summary, areal density measurements allow a rapid and reproducible estimation of IEQ without counting individual islets. It can be performed in a single step analysis without computer programming and is valuable for online determinations of islet yield preceding transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lembert
- Department of Pharmacology, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip O'Connell
- National Pancreas Transplant Unit, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
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Sato H, Kobayasi T, Murakami M, Kimura T, Yamaguchi A, Nakagawara G, Iwata H. Improving function and survival of porcine islet xenografts using microencapsulation and culture preconditioning. Pancreas 2002; 25:e42-9. [PMID: 12370549 DOI: 10.1097/00006676-200210000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Porcine pancreatic islets have been difficult to preserve because isolated porcine islets tend to disaggregate to single cells and lose function under culture conditions. In the current study, the influence of agarose microencapsulation on the maintenance of the number and function of islets in culture preservations and the effect of culture preconditioning of microencapsulated porcine islets on xenogenic transplantation were investigated. METHODOLOGY Porcine islets were isolated and then microencapsulated in 5% agarose membrane. The percentage of naked and microencapsulated islets remaining in the culture preservations was assessed. The effect of microencapsulation and culture on secretory function was investigated in vitro. The survival of overnight-cultured and 7-days-cultured microencapsulated islets in xenogenic transplantations was examined. RESULTS A good percentage of microencapsulated islets remained in the culture preservations. They could maintain good secretory functions in vitro after 7 days of culture. In addition, we observed a significant prolongation of mean islet survival by culture preconditioning. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that microencapsulation is one of the useful preserving methods for maintenance of the number and function of cultured isolated porcine islets. Moreover, culture preconditioning is effective for improving islet survival and might be a good option leading to clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohide Sato
- Department of Surgery, Fukui Medical University, Fukui, Japan.
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Trivedi N, Hollister-Lock J, Lopez-Avalos MD, O'Neil JJ, Keegan M, Bonner-Weir S, Weir GC. Increase in beta-cell mass in transplanted porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters is due to proliferation of beta-cells and differentiation of duct cells. Endocrinology 2001; 142:2115-22. [PMID: 11316779 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.5.8162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 20-fold increase in beta-cell mass has been found after transplantation of porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters (NPCCs). Here the mechanisms leading to this increased beta-cell mass were studied. NPCCs (4000 islet equivalents) generated after 8 days culture of digested neonatal pig pancreas were transplanted beneath the renal capsule of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic and normoglycemic nude mice. Grafts were removed at 10 days, 6 weeks, and 20 weeks after transplantation for immunostaining and insulin content. Proliferation of beta-cells and duct cells was assessed morphometrically using double immunostaining for Ki-67 with insulin or cytokeratin 7 (CK7). Graft maturation was assessed with double immunostaining of CK7 and insulin. Apoptosis was determined using propidium iodide staining. beta-cell proliferation in NPCCs was higher after 8 days of culture compared with that found in neonatal pig pancreas. After transplantation, beta-cell proliferation remained high at 10 days, decreased somewhat at 6 weeks, and was much lower 20 weeks after transplantation. Diabetic recipients not cured at 6 weeks after transplantation had significantly higher beta-cell proliferation compared with those cured and to normoglycemic recipients. The size of individual beta-cells, as determined by cross-sectional area, increased as the grafts matured. Graft insulin content was 20-fold increased at 20 weeks after transplantation compared with 8 days cultured NPCCS: The proliferation index of duct cells was significantly higher in neonatal pig pancreas than in 8 days cultured NPCCs and in 10-day-old grafts. The incidence of apoptosis in duct cells appeared to be low. About 20% of duct cells 10 days post transplantation showed costaining for CK7 and insulin, a marker of protodifferentiation. In conclusion, the increase in beta-cell mass after transplantation of NPCCs is due to both proliferation of differentiated beta-cells and differentiation of duct cells into beta-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Trivedi
- Section of Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Abstract
The term "bioartificial endocrine pancreas" (BEP) was introduced by Anthony Sun in 1980. It was in 1968, however, that Thomas Chang proposed the use of microencapsulated islets as artificial beta-cells. By applying a semipermeable membrane on the top of microcapsules, a system can be produced that is impermeable to viable islet cells and large effector molecules of the immune system, thus providing a protection for transplanted islets against rejection. Since then, the term BEP has not often appeared in papers. Instead, the term "bioartificial pancreas" (BAP) has gained widespread use. In a broader sense, BAP would include an application of suitable endocrine cells and protective polymeric vehicles, but not necessarily providing a filtration barrier of precisely defined properties (e.g., cells injected into a gel of hyaluronate).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prokop
- Chemical Engineering Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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Figliuzzi M, Zappella S, Morigi M, Rossi P, Marchetti P, Remuzzi A. Influence of donor age on bovine pancreatic islet isolation. Transplantation 2000; 70:1032-7. [PMID: 11045639 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200010150-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic islets from pigs are largely used for experimental studies. However, pancreas harvesting requires modification of conventional slaughtering to reduce ischemia time. It has been shown that bovine pancreatic islets can be more easily obtained and they show satisfactory in vitro and in vivo function. To improve the isolation procedure we compared the effect of bovine donor age on islet isolation. METHODS Islets were isolated by collagenase digestion and sequential sieving from calves (6 months of age) and from adult bovine (> 16 months of age). After isolation the number of islet equivalents was calculated and histological and immunohistochemical studies performed. The purity and viability of islet for each preparation was also estimated. In vitro function of islets was evaluated by static insulin secretion assay, and alginate encapsulated islets were transplanted in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for in vivo functional evaluation. RESULTS A significantly higher number of islets were obtained from calf pancreas, compared with adult bovine pancreas. Hystological examination showed intact morphologic features of islets. The purity of islet preparations was higher from calf pancreas than from adult pancreas. Cell viability, and insulin production in presence of high glucose concentration, were not affected by donor age. All animals receiving microencapsulated islets from calves showed normoglycemia for prolonged periods (17-40 days). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that pancreatic islet isolation is more efficient from juvenile bovine than from adult. Calf pancreas is a good and convenient source of tissue for massive islet isolation for experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Figliuzzi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy
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Aomatsu Y, Nakajima Y, Ohyama T, Kin T, Kanehiro H, Hisanaga M, Ko S, Nagao M, Tatekawa Y, Sho M, Ikeda N, Kanokogi H, Kobayashi T, Urizono Y, Yamada T, Shibaji T, Kanamura T, Ogawa S, Iwata H, Nakano H. Efficacy of agarose/polystyrene sulfonic acid microencapsulation for islet xenotransplantation. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:1071-2. [PMID: 10936363 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Aomatsu
- First Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- H Auchincloss
- Transplantation Unit, Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA
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