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Peter JU, Dieudonné P, Zolk O. Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Side Effects of Midazolam: A Review and Case Example. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:473. [PMID: 38675433 PMCID: PMC11054797 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Midazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine, is widely used to alleviate patient anxiety, enhance compliance, and aid in anesthesia. While its side effects are typically dose-dependent and manageable with vigilant perioperative monitoring, serious cardiorespiratory complications, including fatalities and permanent neurological impairment, have been documented. Prolonged exposure to benzodiazepines, such as midazolam, has been associated with neurological changes in infants. Despite attempts to employ therapeutic drug monitoring for optimal sedation dosing, its efficacy has been limited. Consequently, efforts are underway to identify alternative predictive markers to guide individualized dosing and mitigate adverse effects. Understanding these factors is crucial for determining midazolam's suitability for future administration, particularly after a severe adverse reaction. This article aims to elucidate the factors influencing midazolam's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, potentially leading to adverse events. Finally, a case study is presented to exemplify the complex investigation into the causative factors of midazolam-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens-Uwe Peter
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Brandenburg Medical School, 15562 Rüdersdorf, Germany;
| | - Peter Dieudonné
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Zolk
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Brandenburg Medical School, 15562 Rüdersdorf, Germany;
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Tao Y, Fan Y, Wang M, Wang S, Cui JJ, Lian D, Lu S, Li L. Comparative study of the interaction mechanism of astilbin, isoastilbin, and neoastilbin with CYP3A4. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:1654-1667. [PMID: 37421260 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of human CYP3A4 with three selected isomer flavonoids, such as astilbin, isoastilbin and neoastilbin, were clarified using spectral analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. During binding with the three flavonoids, the intrinsic fluorescence of CYP3A4 was statically quenched in static mode with nonradiative energy conversion. The fluorescence and ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) data revealed that the three flavonoids had a moderate and stronger binding affinity with CYP3A4 due to the order of the Ka1 and Ka2 values ranging from 104 to 105 L·mol-1 . In addition, astilbin had the highest affinity with CYP3A4, then isoastilbin and neoastilbin, at the three experimental temperatures. Multispectral analysis confirmed that binding of the three flavonoids resulted in clear changes in the secondary structure of CYP3A4. It was found from fluorescence, UV/vis and molecular docking analyses that these three flavonoids strongly bound to CYP3A4 by means of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. The key amino acids around the binding site were also elucidated. Furthermore, the stabilities of the three CYP3A4 complexes were evaluated using molecular dynamics simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhou Tao
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyang Fan
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Meizi Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Suqing Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Jing Cui
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Lian
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuning Lu
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Li
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
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Uno Y, Jikuya S, Noda Y, Oguchi A, Murayama N, Kawaguchi H, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Yamazaki H. Newly identified cytochrome P450 3A genes of tree shrews and pigs are expressed and encode functional enzymes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 267:109579. [PMID: 36822299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Novel cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) cDNA in tree shrews (which are non-rodent primate-like species) and pig CYP3A227 cDNA were identified, along with known pig CYP3A22, CYP3A29, and CYP3A46 cDNAs. All five cDNAs contained open reading frames encoding a polypeptide of 503 amino acids that shared high sequence identity (72-78 %) with human CYP3A4 and were more closely related to human CYP3As than rat CYP3As by phylogenetic analysis. CYP3A5 was the only CYP3A in the tree shrew genome, but pig CYP3A genes formed a CYP3A gene cluster in the genomic region corresponding to that of human CYP3A genes. Tree shrew CYP3A5 mRNA was predominantly expressed in liver and small intestine, among the tissues analyzed, whereas pig CYP3A227 mRNA was most abundantly expressed in jejunum, followed by liver. Metabolic assays established that tree shrew CYP3A5 and pig CYP3A proteins heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli metabolized typical human CYP3A4 substrates nifedipine and midazolam. These results suggest that novel tree shrew CYP3A5 and pig CYP3A227 were functional enzymes able to metabolize human CYP3A4 substrates in liver and small intestine, similar to human CYP3A4, although pig CYP3A227 mRNA was minimally expressed in all tissues analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Shiori Jikuya
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yutaro Noda
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Asuka Oguchi
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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Kong Q, Gao N, Wang Y, Hu G, Qian J, Chen B. Functional evaluation of cyclosporine metabolism by CYP3A4 variants and potential drug interactions. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1044817. [PMID: 36686709 PMCID: PMC9852833 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1044817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms on the metabolism of cyclosporine (CsA) in vitro and identify drugs that interact with CsA. An enzymatic incubation system was developed to evaluate the kinetic parameters of CYP3A4 on CsA catalysis. A total of 132 drugs were screened to identify potential drug-drug interactions. Sprague-Dawley rats were used to determine the interaction between CsA and nimodipine and nisoldipine. The metabolite AM1 was measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results demonstrate that 16 CYP3A4 variants (CYP3A4.7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 23, 24, 28, 31, 32, 33, and 34) have a lower metabolic capacity for CsA, ranging from 7.19% to 72.10%, than CYP3A4.1. In contrast, the relative clearance rate of CYP3A4.5 is significantly higher than that of CYP3A4.1. Moreover, CYP3A4.20 loses its catalytic ability, and five other variants have no significant difference. A total of 12 drugs, especially calcium channel blockers, were found to remarkably inhibit the metabolism of CsA with an inhibitory rate of over 80%. Nimodipine inhibits the activity of CsA in rat liver microsomes with an IC50 of 20.54 ± 0.93 μM, while nisoldipine has an IC50 of 16.16 ± 0.78 μM. In in vivo, three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were administered CsA with or without nimodipine or nisoldipine; the AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-∞) of CsA were significantly increased in the nimodipine group but not obviously in the nisoldipine group. Mechanistically, the inhibition mode of nimodipine on cyclosporine metabolism is a mixed inhibition. Our data show that gene polymorphisms of CYP3A4 and nimodipine remarkably affect the metabolism of CsA, thus providing a reference for the precise administration of CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guoxin Hu
- *Correspondence: Guoxin Hu, ; Jianchang Qian, ; Bingbing Chen,
| | - Jianchang Qian
- *Correspondence: Guoxin Hu, ; Jianchang Qian, ; Bingbing Chen,
| | - Bingbing Chen
- *Correspondence: Guoxin Hu, ; Jianchang Qian, ; Bingbing Chen,
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Uno Y, Jikuya S, Noda Y, Murayama N, Yamazaki H. A Comprehensive Investigation of Dog Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) Reveals a Functional Role of Newly Identified CYP3A98 in Small Intestine. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:38-45. [PMID: 35772769 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs are frequently used in drug metabolism studies, and their important drug-metabolizing enzymes, including cytochromes P450 (P450), have been analyzed. In humans, CYP3A4 is an especially important P450 due to its abundance and major roles in liver and intestine. In the present study, dog CYP3A98 and CYP3A99 were identified and characterized, along with previously identified CYP3A12 and CYP3A26. The dog CYP3A cDNAs contained open reading frames of 503 amino acids and shared high sequence identity (78%-80%) with human CYP3As. Among the dog CYP3A mRNAs, CYP3A98 mRNA was expressed most abundantly in small intestine. In contrast, dog CYP3A12 and CYP3A26 mRNAs were expressed in liver, where CYP3A12 mRNA was the most abundant. The four CYP3A genes had similar gene structures and formed a gene cluster in the dog and human genomes. Metabolic assays of dog CYP3A proteins heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli indicated that the dog CYP3As tested were functional enzymes with respect to typical human CYP3A4 substrates. Dog CYP3A98 efficiently catalyzed oxidations of nifedipine, alprazolam, and midazolam, indicating major roles of CYP3A98 in the small intestine. Dog CYP3A12 and CYP3A26 metabolizing nifedipine and/or midazolam would play roles in these reactions in the liver. In contrast, dog CYP3A99 showed minimal mRNA expression and minimal metabolic activity, and its contribution to overall drug metabolism is, therefore, negligible. These results indicated that newly identified dog CYP3A98, a testosterone 6 β - and estradiol 16 α -hydroxylase, was abundantly expressed in the small intestine and is likely the major CYP3A in the small intestine in combination with liver-specific CYP3A12. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Novel dog cytochromes P450 3A98 (CYP3A98) and CYP3A99 were identified and characterized to be functional and highly identical to human CYP3A4. Known CYP3A12 and new CYP3A98 efficiently catalyzed estradiol 16α-hydroxylation and midazolam 1'-hydroxylation. CYP3A98 mRNA was expressed in small intestine, whereas CYP3A12 mRNA was predominant in liver. Dog hepatic CYP3A12 and intestinal CYP3A98 are the enzymes likely responsible for the metabolic clearances of orally administered drugs, unlike human CYP3A4/5, which are in both the liver and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Y.U., S.J.) and Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan (Y.N., N.M., H.Y.)
| | - Shiori Jikuya
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Y.U., S.J.) and Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan (Y.N., N.M., H.Y.)
| | - Yutaro Noda
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Y.U., S.J.) and Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan (Y.N., N.M., H.Y.)
| | - Norie Murayama
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Y.U., S.J.) and Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan (Y.N., N.M., H.Y.)
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Y.U., S.J.) and Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan (Y.N., N.M., H.Y.)
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Perez-Paramo YX, Watson CJW, Chen G, Lazarus P. CYP2C19 Plays a Major Role in the Hepatic N-Oxidation of Cotinine. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:29-37. [PMID: 35197312 PMCID: PMC9832378 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary mode of metabolism of nicotine is via the formation of cotinine by the enzyme CYP2A6. Cotinine undergoes further CYP2A6-mediated metabolism by hydroxylation to 3-hydroxycotinine and norcotinine, but can also form cotinine-N-glucuronide and cotinine-N-oxide (COX). The goal of this study was to investigate the enzymes that catalyze COX formation and determine whether genetic variation in these enzymes may affect this pathway. Specific inhibitors of major hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes were used in cotinine-N-oxidation reactions using pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs). COX formation was monitored by ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and enzyme kinetic analysis was performed using microsomes from P450-overexpressing human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell lines. Genotype-phenotype analysis was performed in a panel of 113 human liver specimens. Inhibition of COX formation was only observed in HLMs when using inhibitors of CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4. Microsomes from cells overexpressing CYP2A6 or CYP2C19 exhibited similar N-oxidation activity against cotinine, with maximum reaction rate over Michaelis constant values (intrinsic clearance) of 4.4 and 4.2 nL/min/mg, respectively. CYP2B6-, CYP2E1-, and CYP3A4-overexpressing microsomes were also active in COX formation. Significant associations (P < 0.05) were observed between COX formation and genetic variants in CYP2C19 (*2 and *17 alleles) in HLMs. These results demonstrate that genetic variants in CYP2C19 are associated with decreased COX formation, potentially affecting the relative levels of cotinine in the plasma or urine of smokers and ultimately affecting recommended smoking cessation therapies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study is the first to elucidate the enzymes responsible for cotinine-N-oxide formation and genetic variants that affect this biological pathway. Genetic variants in CYP2C19 have the potential to modify nicotine metabolic ratio in smokers and could affect pharmacotherapeutic decisions for smoking cessation treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira X Perez-Paramo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Christy J W Watson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
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Azzahhafi J, Bergmeijer TO, van den Broek WWA, Chan Pin Yin DRPP, Rayhi S, Peper J, Bor WL, Claassens DMF, van Schaik RHN, ten Berg JM. Effects of CYP3A4*22 and CYP3A5 on clinical outcome in patients treated with ticagrelor for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: POPular Genetics sub-study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1032995. [PMID: 36545312 PMCID: PMC9760790 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1032995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To determine the clinical efficacy, adverse events and side-effect dyspnea of CYP3A4*22 and CYP3A5 expressor status in ticagrelor treated patients. Methods and results: Ticagrelor treated patients from the POPular Genetics randomized controlled trial were genotyped for CYP3A4*22 and CYP3A5*3 alleles. Patients were divided based on their genotype. In total 1,281 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were included. CYP3A4*22 carriers (n = 152) versus CYP3A4*22 non-carrier status (n = 1,129) were not found to have a significant correlation with the primary thrombotic endpoint: cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, definite stent thrombosis and stroke [1.3% vs. 2.5%, adjusted hazard ratio 1.81 (0.43-7.62) p = 0.42], or the primary bleeding endpoint: PLATO major and minor bleeding [13.2% vs. 11.3%, adjusted hazard ratio 0.93 (0.58-1.50) p = 0.77]. Among the CYP3A4*1/*1 patients, CYP3A5 expressors (n = 196) versus non-expressors (n = 926) did not show a significant difference for the primary thrombotic [2.6% vs. 2.5%, adjusted hazard ratio 1.03 (0.39-2.71) p = 0.95], or the primary bleeding endpoint [12.8% vs. 10.9%, adjusted hazard ratio 1.13 (0.73-1.76) p = 0.58]. With respect to dyspnea, no significant difference was observed between CYP3A4*22 carriers versus CYP3A4*22 non-carriers [44.0% vs. 45.0%, odds ratio 1.04 (0.45-2.42) p = 0.93], or in the CYP3A4*1/*1 group, CYP3A5 expressors versus CYP3A5 non-expressors [35.3% vs. 47.8%, odds ratio 0.60 (0.27-1.30) p = 0.20]. Conclusion: In STEMI patients treated with ticagrelor, neither the CYP3A4*22 carriers, nor the CYP3A5 expressor status had a statistical significant effect on thrombotic and bleeding event rates nor on dyspnea. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01761786.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaouad Azzahhafi
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Jaouad Azzahhafi,
| | | | | | | | - Senna Rayhi
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Joyce Peper
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Willem L. Bor
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Daniel M. F. Claassens
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands,Department of Cardiology, Isala, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - Ron H. N. van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurriën M. ten Berg
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Functional evaluation of vandetanib metabolism by CYP3A4 variants and potential drug interactions in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 350:109700. [PMID: 34648813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the enzymatic properties of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) variants and their ability to metabolize vandetanib (VNT) in vitro, and to study potential drug interactions in combination with VNT. METHOD Recombinant CYP3A4 cell microsomes were prepared using a Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. Enzymatic reactions were carried out, and the metabolites were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS The activities of 27 CYP3A4 variants were determined to assess the degree of VNT metabolism that occurred. Analysis indicated that there was enhanced intrinsic clearance (Vmax/Km, CLint) for eight variants (CYP3A4.2, 3, 9, 15, 16, 29, 32, and 33), while there was a significant decrease in CYP3A4.5, 7, 8, 10-14, 17-20, 23, 24, 28, 31, and 34. Compared with CYP3A4.1, no significant differences were found for CYP3A4.6 and 30. Furthermore, the relative clearances were compared between VNT and cabozantinib, which were all metabolized by CYP3A4 with the same indications. When combined with ketoconazole, which is a CYP inhibitor, obvious differences were observed in the potency of VNT between different variants, including CYP3A4.2, 15, and 18. CONCLUSION This comprehensive assessment of CYP3A4 variants provides significant insights into the allele-specific metabolism of VNT and drug interactions in vitro. We hope that these comprehensive data will provide references and predictions for the clinical application of VNT.
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Li Q, Wu YE, Wang K, Shi HY, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Hao GX, Yang YL, Su LQ, Wang WQ, Yang XM, Zhao W. Developmental Pharmacogenetics of CYP2D6 in Chinese Children: Loratadine as a Substrate Drug. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:657287. [PMID: 34295246 PMCID: PMC8292113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.657287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The elucidation of CYP2D6 developmental pharmacogenetics in children has improved, however, these findings have been largely limited to studies of Caucasian children. Given the clear differences in CYP2D6 pharmacogenetic profiles in people of different ancestries, there remains an unmet need to better understand the developmental pharmacogenetics in populations of different ancestries. We sought to use loratadine as a substrate drug to evaluate the effects of ontogeny and pharmacogenetics on the developmental pattern of CYP2D6 in Chinese pediatric patients. Methods: Chinese children receiving loratadine treatment were enrolled in the present study. The metabolite-to-parent ratio (M/P ratio), defined as the molar ratio of desloratadine to loratadine of trough concentrations samples at steady-state condition, was used as a surrogate of CYP2D6 activity. Loratadine and desloratadine were determined by LC/MS/MS method. Variants of CYP2D6 were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction for CYP2D6 *4, *10, *41 and long polymerase chain reaction for CYP2D6 *5. Results: A total of 40 patients were available for final analysis. The mean age was 4.50 (range 0.50–9.00) years and the mean weight was 19.64 (range 7.00–42.00) kg. The M/P ratio was significantly lower in intermediate metabolizers (IMs) compared to normal metabolizers (NMs) (10.18 ± 7.97 vs. 18.80 ± 15.83, p = 0.03). Weight was also found to be significantly associated with M/P ratio (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The developmental pharmacogenetics of CYP2D6 in Chinese children was evaluated using loratadine as a substrate drug. This study emphasizes the importance of evaluating the developmental pharmacogenetics in populations of different ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, China
| | - Yue-E Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Jinan, China
| | - Hai-Yan Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guo-Xiang Hao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Lei Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, China
| | - Le-Qun Su
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Qi Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-Mei Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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10
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Liu Q, Ou-Yang QG, Lin QM, Lu XR, Ma YQ, Li YH, Xu RA, Lin DD, Hu GX, Cai JP. Effects of 27 CYP3A4 protein variants on saxagliptin metabolism in vitro. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:150-159. [PMID: 33961299 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Saxagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor widely used in patients with type 2 diabetes. It can increase the amount of insulin after meals and lower blood sugar. CYP450 3A4 (CYP3A4) can metabolize about 30%-40% of therapeutic drugs. Individual differences caused by CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms can lead to treatment failure, unpredictable side effects, or severe drug toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the catalytic activities of 27 CYP3A4 variants on saxagliptin metabolism in vitro, which were identified in human CYP alleles. We successfully constructed 27 kinds of wild-type and variant vectors of pFast-dual-OR-3A4 by overlap extension PCR and prepared 27 kinds of CYP3A4 highly expressed cell microsomes by baculovirus insect cell expression system. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to detect the concentrations of the metabolite of saxagliptin (5-hydroxysaxagliptin) and the internal standard. Compared with the wild-type CYP3A4.1, the intrinsic clearance values of most varieties decreased to 1.91%-77.08%. Most of these varieties showed a decrease in Vmax and an increase in Km values compared with wild type. We are the first to report the vitro metabolic data of 27 CYP3A4 variants of the metabolism of saxagliptin which can deepen our understanding of individualized drug use by combining previous studies about the effects of CYP3A4 variants of drug metabolism. With further in vivo studies, we hope it can guide individualized drug use in the clinic when the variants with low metabolic activity to saxagliptin were sequenced in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Geng Ou-Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian-Meng Lin
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang-Ran Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Qing Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Hui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Ai Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong-Dong Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Yamaguchi Y, Akiyoshi T, Kawamura G, Imaoka A, Miyazaki M, Guengerich FP, Nakamura K, Yamamoto K, Ohtani H. Comparison of the inhibitory effects of azole antifungals on cytochrome P450 3A4 genetic variants. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 38:100384. [PMID: 33826998 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 is one of the major drug-metabolizing enzymes. Genetic variants of CYP3A4 with altered activity are one of the factors responsible for interindividual differences in drug metabolism. Azole antifungals inhibit CYP3A4 to cause clinically significant drug-drug interactions. In the present quantitative study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of three azole antifungals (ketoconazole, voriconazole, and fluconazole) on testosterone metabolism by recombinant CYP3A4 genetic variants (CYP3A4.1 (WT), CYP3A4.2, CYP3A4.7, CYP3A4.16, and CYP3A4.18) and compared them with those previously reported for itraconazole. The inhibition constants (Ki) of ketoconazole, voriconazole, and fluconazole for rCYP3A4.1 were 3.6 nM, 3.2 μM, and 16.1 μM, respectively. The Ki values of these azoles for rCYP3A4.16 were 13.9-, 13.6-, and 6.2-fold higher than those for rCYP3A4.1, respectively, whereas the Ki value of itraconazole for rCYP3A4.16 was 0.54-fold of that for rCYP3A4.1. The other genetic variants had similar effects on the Ki values of the three azoles, whereas a very different pattern was seen for itraconazole. In conclusion, itraconazole has unique characteristics that are distinct from those shared by the other azole anti-fungal drugs ketoconazole, voriconazole, and fluconazole with regard to the influence of genetic variations on the inhibition of CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akiyoshi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Go Kawamura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Ayuko Imaoka
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Mitsue Miyazaki
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showamachi, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, USA
| | - Katsunori Nakamura
- Ryukyus University School of Medicine, 207 Azauehara, Nishiharacho, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Koujirou Yamamoto
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showamachi, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ohtani
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
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12
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Cai Y, Lin Q, Jin Z, Xia F, Ye Y, Xia Y, Papadimos TJ, Wang Q, Hu G, Cai J, Chen L. Evaluation of Recombinant CYP3A4 Variants on the Metabolism of Oxycodone In Vitro. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:103-109. [PMID: 33393779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 3A4 is a highly polymorphic enzyme and metabolizes approximately 40%-60% of therapeutic drugs. Its genetic polymorphism may significantly affect the expression and function of CYP3A4 resulting in alterations of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the CYP3A4-mediated drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the catalytic activities of 30 CYP3A4 nonsynonymous variants and wild type toward oxycodone in vitro. CYP3A4 proteins were incubated with oxycodone for 30 min at 37 °C and the reaction was terminated by cooling to -80 °C immediately. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry was used to analyze noroxycodone, and kinetic parameters Km, Vmax, and intrinsic clearance (Vmax/Km) of noroxycodone were also determined. Compared with CYP3A4.1, 24 CYP3A4 variants (CYP3A4.2-.5, -.7-.16, -.18 and -.19, -.23 and -.24, -.28 and -.29, and -.31-.34) exhibited significantly decreased relative clearance values (from 4.82% ± 0.31% to 80.98% ± 5.08%), whereas CYP3A4.6, -.17, -.20, -.21, -.26, and -.30 displayed no detectable enzyme activity. As the first study of these alleles for oxycodone metabolism in vitro, results of this study may provide insight into establishing the genotype-phenotype relationship for oxycodone and serve as a reference for clinical administrators and advance the provision of personalized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qianmeng Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhousheng Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Fangfang Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yingchao Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Thomas J Papadimos
- Critical Care Section and Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Quanguang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guoxin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianping Cai
- The Ministry of Health (MOH) Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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13
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Kumondai M, Gutiérrez Rico EM, Hishinuma E, Ueda A, Saito S, Saigusa D, Tadaka S, Kinoshita K, Nakayoshi T, Oda A, Abe A, Maekawa M, Mano N, Hirasawa N, Hiratsuka M. Functional Characterization of 40 CYP3A4 Variants by Assessing Midazolam 1'-Hydroxylation and Testosterone 6 β-Hydroxylation. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 49:212-220. [PMID: 33384383 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP3A4 is among the most abundant liver and intestinal drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes, contributing to the metabolism of more than 30% of clinically used drugs. Therefore, interindividual variability in CYP3A4 activity is a frequent cause of reduced drug efficacy and adverse effects. In this study, we characterized wild-type CYP3A4 and 40 CYP3A4 variants, including 11 new variants, detected among 4773 Japanese individuals by assessing CYP3A4 enzymatic activities for two representative substrates (midazolam and testosterone). The reduced carbon monoxide-difference spectra of wild-type CYP3A4 and 31 CYP3A4 variants produced with our established mammalian cell expression system were determined by measuring the increase in maximum absorption at 450 nm after carbon monoxide treatment. The kinetic parameters of midazolam and testosterone hydroxylation by wild-type CYP3A4 and 29 CYP3A4 variants (K m , k cat , and catalytic efficiency) were determined, and the causes of their kinetic differences were evaluated by three-dimensional structural modeling. Our findings offer insight into the mechanism underlying interindividual differences in CYP3A4-dependent drug metabolism. Moreover, our results provide guidance for improving drug administration protocols by considering the information on CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: CYP3A4 metabolizes more than 30% of clinically used drugs. Interindividual differences in drug efficacy and adverse-effect rates have been linked to ethnicity-specific differences in CYP3A4 gene variants in Asian populations, including Japanese individuals, indicating the presence of CYP3A4 polymorphisms resulting in the increased expression of loss-of-function variants. This study detected alterations in CYP3A4 activity due to amino acid substitutions by assessing the enzymatic activities of coding variants for two representative CYP3A4 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kumondai
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K., E.M.G.R., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., D.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., N.H., M.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.A., M.M., N.M.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (T.N., A.O.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.)
| | - Evelyn Marie Gutiérrez Rico
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K., E.M.G.R., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., D.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., N.H., M.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.A., M.M., N.M.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (T.N., A.O.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.)
| | - Eiji Hishinuma
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K., E.M.G.R., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., D.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., N.H., M.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.A., M.M., N.M.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (T.N., A.O.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.)
| | - Akiko Ueda
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K., E.M.G.R., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., D.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., N.H., M.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.A., M.M., N.M.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (T.N., A.O.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.)
| | - Sakae Saito
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K., E.M.G.R., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., D.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., N.H., M.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.A., M.M., N.M.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (T.N., A.O.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.)
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K., E.M.G.R., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., D.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., N.H., M.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.A., M.M., N.M.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (T.N., A.O.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.)
| | - Shu Tadaka
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K., E.M.G.R., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., D.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., N.H., M.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.A., M.M., N.M.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (T.N., A.O.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.)
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K., E.M.G.R., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., D.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., N.H., M.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.A., M.M., N.M.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (T.N., A.O.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.)
| | - Tomoki Nakayoshi
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K., E.M.G.R., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., D.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., N.H., M.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.A., M.M., N.M.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (T.N., A.O.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.)
| | - Akifumi Oda
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K., E.M.G.R., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., D.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., N.H., M.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.A., M.M., N.M.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (T.N., A.O.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.)
| | - Ai Abe
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K., E.M.G.R., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., D.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., N.H., M.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.A., M.M., N.M.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (T.N., A.O.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.)
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K., E.M.G.R., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., D.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., N.H., M.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.A., M.M., N.M.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (T.N., A.O.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.)
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K., E.M.G.R., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., D.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., N.H., M.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.A., M.M., N.M.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (T.N., A.O.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.)
| | - Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K., E.M.G.R., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., D.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., N.H., M.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.A., M.M., N.M.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (T.N., A.O.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.)
| | - Masahiro Hiratsuka
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.K., E.M.G.R., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., D.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., N.H., M.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.A., M.M., N.M.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (T.N., A.O.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.)
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14
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Pang X, Tang C, Kong F, Chen M, Chen X. CYP2C and CYP2B Mediated Metabolic Activation of Retrorsine in Cyp3a Knockout Mice. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:1040-1051. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201202101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Retrorsine is one of the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which could be converted
into a highly reactive metabolite, dehydroretrorsine, by CYP3A, and to a lesser extent by CYP2C and CYP2B.
Objective:
We employed Cyp3a knockout (3AKO) mice to investigate whether the absence of CYP3A could attenuate
dehydroretrorsine formation and the role of CYP2C and CYP2B in the formation.
Methods:
Blood and liver samples were collected after intragastrical administration of 35 mg/kg retrorsine or
saline for seven days in wild-type (WT) and 3AKO mice. Blood pyrrole-protein adducts were semi quantified
by high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The formations of
glutathionyl-6,7-dihydro-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (GSH-DHP) and the activities of CYP3A, CYP2B
and CYP2C were evaluated in the liver microsomes of WT and 3AKO mice before and after treatment. The
metabolic phenotype of retrorsine was determined in human liver microsomes. The gene and protein expression
of retrorsine metabolism-related CYP450s in the liver was measured by quantitative real-time PCR method and
western blotting method. The serum cytokine level was detected by the ELISA method to reveal the potential
mechanism of Cyp3a, Cyp2b and Cyp2c downregulation.
Results:
After an oral administration of 35 mg/kg retrorsine for seven days, the blood exposures of DHP
adducts between WT and 3AKO mice were similar, consistent with the comparable formation of GSH-DHP in
their liver microsomes. The chemical inhibitor experiment in liver microsomes indicated the predominant role
of CYP3A and CYP2C in GSH-DHP formation in WT and 3AKO mice, respectively. Real-time qPCR analysis
showed that the expressions of Cyp2b10 and Cyp2cs increased 2.3-161-fold in 3AKO mice, which was consistent
with protein changes. The increased CYP2B activity in 3AKO mice supported the potential role of CYP2B
in GSH-DHP formation. After a seven-day treatment of retrorsine, the yields of GSH-DHP were lower than the
untreated ones in both alleles, accompanied by the decreased mRNA of Cyp3a, Cyp2b and Cyp2c. The increased
serum IL6 might mediate the retrorsine-induced downregulation of Cyp450s.
Conclusion:
These data demonstrated the increased transcription of Cyp2c and Cyp2b caused by Cyp3a ablation,
which played a vital role in the metabolic activation of retrorsine, and long-term exposure of retrorsine can
reduce the CYP450 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Pang
- Centre for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chongzhuang Tang
- Centre for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fandi Kong
- Centre for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- Centre for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Centre for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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15
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Tang PF, Zheng X, Hu XX, Yang CC, Chen Z, Qian JC, Cai JP, Hu GX. Functional Measurement of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 Allelic Polymorphism on Sildenafil Metabolism. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:5129-5141. [PMID: 33262574 PMCID: PMC7699448 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s268796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim We aimed to systematically examine the effects of enzymatic activity of 38 human CYP2C9 alleles and 21 human CYP3A4 alleles, including wild-type CYP2C9.1 and CYP3A4.1, which contain the 24 CYP2C9 novel alleles (*36–*60) and 6 CYP3A4 novel alleles (*28–*34) newly found in the Chinese population, on sildenafil metabolism through in vitro experiment. Methods The recombinant cytochrome P450 alleles protein of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 expressed in insect baculovirus expression system were reacted with 10–500 µM sildenafil for 30 minutes at 37°C, and the reaction was terminated by cooling to −80°C immediately. Next, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) detection system to detect sildenafil and its active metabolite N-desmethyl sildenafil. Results The intrinsic clearance (Vmax/Km) values of most CYP2C9 variants were significantly altered when compared with the wild-type CYP2C9*1, with most of these variants exhibiting either reduced Vmax and/or increased Km values. Four alleles (CYP2C9*11, *14, *31, *49) exhibited no markedly decreased relative clearance (1-fold). The relative clearance of the remaining thirty-three variants exhibited decrease in different levels, ranging from 1.81% to 88.42%. For the CYP3A4 metabolic pathway, when compared with the wild-type CYP3A4*1, the relative clearance values of four variants (CYP3A4*3, *10, *14 and *I335T) showed significantly higher relative clearance (130.7–134.9%), while five variants (CYP3A4*2, *5, *24, *L22V and *F113I) exhibited sharply reduced relative clearance values (1.80–74.25%), and the remaining nine allelic variants showed no statistical difference. In addition, the kinetic parameters of two CYP3A4 variants (CYP3A4*17 and CYP3A4*30) could not be detected, due to the defect of the CYP3A4 gene. Conclusion These findings were the first evaluation of all these infrequent CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 alleles for sildenafil metabolism; when treating people who carry these CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 variants, there should be more focus on the relation of dose intensity, side effects and therapeutic efficacy when administering sildenafil. The study will provide fundamental data on effect of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 allelic variation on sildenafil metabolism for further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Tang
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325600, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Dong Yang People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 322100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xia Hu
- Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Yang
- Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chang Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325600, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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16
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Singh A, Zai C, Mohiuddin AG, Kennedy JL. The pharmacogenetics of opioid treatment for pain management. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:1200-1209. [PMID: 32715846 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120944162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioids are widely used as an analgesic for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. However, there are interindividual variabilities in opioid response. Current evidence suggests that these variabilities can be attributed to single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in opioid pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Knowledge of these genetic factors through pharamacogenetic (PGx) testing can help clinicians to more consistently prescribe opioids that can provide patients with maximal clinical benefit and minimal risk of adverse effects. AIM The research outlined in this literature review identifies variants involved in opioid PGx, which may be an important tool to achieving the goal of personalized pain management. RESULTS Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT), adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1), opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1), and opioid receptor delta 1 (OPRD1) are all important genes involved in opioid drug response, side effect profile and risk of dependence; these are important genetic factors that should be included in potential opioid PGx tests for pain management. CONCLUSIONS Employing a PGx-guided strategy for prescribing opioids can improve response rate, reduce side effects and increase adherence to treatment plans for pain; more research is needed to explore opioid-related PGx factors for the development and validation of an opioid genetic panel. Optimal prescriptions could also provide healthcare payers with beneficial savings, while reducing the risk of propagating the current opioid crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Singh
- Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Clement Zai
- Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ayeshah G Mohiuddin
- Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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17
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Guttman Y, Yedidia I, Nudel A, Zhmykhova Y, Kerem Z, Carmi N. New grapefruit cultivars exhibit low cytochrome P4503A4-Inhibition activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111135. [PMID: 31968226 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Furanocoumarins are the main compounds responsible for the food-drug interactions known as the grapefruit effect, which is caused by the inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism. We evaluated the effects of two new, low-furanocoumarin grapefruit cultivars on CYP3A4 activity and the roles of different furanocoumarins, individually and together with other juice compounds, in the inhibition of CYP3A4 by grapefruit. Whereas a standard grapefruit cultivar inhibited CYP3A4 activity in a dose-dependent manner, neither of the two examined low-furanocoumarin cultivars had an inhibitory effect. Despite the fact that bergamottin and 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin are weak inhibitors of CYP3A4, their relatively high levels in grapefruit make them the leading cause of the grapefruit effect. We found that furanocoumarins together with other juice compounds inhibit CYP3A4 in an additive manner. In silico docking simulation was employed, and differentiated between high- and low-potency inhibitors, suggesting that modeling may be useful for identifying potentially harmful food-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Guttman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Iris Yedidia
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
| | - Adi Nudel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Yuliya Zhmykhova
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Zohar Kerem
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Nir Carmi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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18
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Chen B, Zhang XD, Wen J, Zhang B, Chen D, Wang S, Cai JP, Hu GX. Effects of 26 Recombinant CYP3A4 Variants on Brexpiprazole Metabolism. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:172-180. [PMID: 31560202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As a new atypical antipsychotic, brexpiprazole is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). However, genetic polymorphisms in CYP3A4 cause wide variability in individuals' responses to brexpiprazole, leading to unpredictable adverse side effects or even therapeutic failure. The present study was designed to systematically study the effects of 26 recombinant CYP3A4 variants on the metabolism of brexpiprazole and investigate their enzymatic activity. Wild-type CYP3A4 and the 26 variants were incubated with the substrate brexpiprazole for 30 min at 37 °C. The metabolite DM-3411 was detected using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The activity of the wild-type CYP3A4 and 26 of its variants was analyzed. Then, the mechanism underlying the changes in enzyme function was observed using molecular dynamics simulations and molecular docking. Compared with CYP3A4.1, the enzymatic activities of CYP3A4.19, -.24, and -.28 were not significantly different (from 91.82% to 96.25%), but CYP3A4.14 and CYP3A4.15 exhibited higher enzyme activity (from 117.9 to 127.5%). The remaining 21 isoforms, including CYP3A4.2, -.3, -.4, -.5, -.7, -.8, -.9, -.10, -.11, -.12, -.13, -.16, -.17, -.18, -.20, -.23, -.29, -.31, -.32, -.33 and -.34, displayed lower enzymatic activities (from 2.90% to 75.72%). The results obtained from computer modeling indicated that weak binding affinity impaired the function of CYP3A4.32. Mutations that occur around the active site might lead to a loss of enzymatic activity, while the variants located far away from the active site perhaps had little effect on function of CYP3A4. These comprehensive data provide a reference and prediction for treatment strategies and risk assessments of brexpiprazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , China
| | - Xiao-Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , China
| | - Jian Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , China
| | - Daoxing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy , The People's Hospital of Lishui , Lishui , Zhejiang 323000 , China
| | - Jian-Pin Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, National Center of Gerontology, Ministry of Health , Beijing Hospital , Beijing 100730 , China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , China
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19
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Lin QM, Li YH, Liu Q, Pang NH, Xu RA, Cai JP, Hu GX. Functional characteristics of CYP3A4 allelic variants on the metabolism of loperamide in vitro. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2809-2817. [PMID: 31571937 PMCID: PMC6750855 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s215129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) appears to be genetically polymorphic, which in turn contributes to interindividual variability in response to therapeutic drugs. Loperamide, identified as a CYP3A4 substrate, is prone to misuse and abuse and has high risks of life-threatening cardiotoxicity. Methods Thus, this study is designed to evaluate the enzymatic characteristics of 29 CYP3A4 alleles toward loperamide in vitro, including the 7 novel CYP3A4 variants (*28-*34). The incubation system (containing CYP3A4 enzyme, cytochrome b5, 0.5-20 μM loperamide, potassium phosphate buffer and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) was subject to 40-mins incubation at 37°C and the concentrations of N-demethylated loperamide were quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. Results As a result, CYP3A4.6, .17, .20 and .30 showed extremely low activity or no activity and the rest of CYP3A4 variants presented varying degrees of decrements in catalytical activities when compared with CYP3A4.1. Conclusion As the first study to identify the properties of these CYP3A4 variants toward loperamide metabolism, our investigation may establish the genotype-phenotype relationship for loperamide, predict an individual's capability in response to loperamide, and provide some guidance of clinical medication and treatment for loperamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Meng Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni-Hong Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Ai Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Ministry of Health (MOH) Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
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20
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Li YH, Lu XR, Lin QM, Huang HL, Liang XL, Cai JP, Cui J, Hu GX. Functional characterization of 27 CYP3A4 variants on macitentan metabolism in vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 71:1677-1683. [PMID: 31441067 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Macitentan is a new choice for pulmonary hypertension treatment which is converted to active metabolite ACT132577 by human cytochrome P450 3A4. Human cytochrome P450 3A4 often occurred gene mutations. Gene polymorphism might cause a variety of changes of protein expression and thus give rise to metabolic difference. The aim of this study was to investigate the catalytic characteristics of 27 CYP3A4 protein variants on the metabolism of macitentan in vitro.
Method
The incubation mixtures (final volume of 200 μl in 1 m PBS) consisted of 1 pmol wild-type CYP3A4.1 or other CYP3A4 protein variants, 2.38 pmol CYP b5 and macitentan (10–600 μm) with 1 mm NADPH. All specimens were processed using same approach with acetonitrile precipitation. The metabolite of macitentan was analysed by ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.
Key finding
Most CYP3A4 protein variants (CYP3A4.9, .11, .12, .13, .17, .20, .23, .24, .28, .29, .33, .34) exhibited a sharp decrease, meanwhile nearly one in five variants (CYP3A4.3, .4, .5, .10, .15, .16) showed a significant rise in intrinsic clearance. The relative clearance of CYP3A4 protein variants was ranged from 5.53 to 501.00%.
Conclusion
Twenty-seven CYP3A4 protein variants displayed different catalytic characteristics towards macitentan in vitro, especially CYP3A4.5, .17, .20, .23. It is important to pay more attention to the dosage of macitentan in order to get better treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-ran Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian-meng Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan-le Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-long Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ju Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-xin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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21
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Li YH, Lin QM, Pang NH, Zhang XD, Huang HL, Cai JP, Hu GX. Functional characterization of 27 CYP3A4 protein variants to metabolize regorafenib in vitro. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125:337-344. [PMID: 31058459 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Regorafenib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4. The genetic polymorphism of CYP3A4 would contribute to differences in metabolism of regorafenib. Previously, we had discovered several novel CYP3A4 variants. However, the catalytic characteristics of these 27 CYP3A4 variants on oxidizing regorafenib have not being determined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the catalytic characteristics of 27 CYP3A4 protein variants on the oxidative metabolism of regorafenib in vitro. METHOD Wild-type CYP3A4.1 or other variants was incubated with 0.5-20 μmol/L regorafenib for 30 minutes. After sample processing, regorafenib-N-oxide, a primary metabolite, was detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system. RESULT CYP3A4.20 had no detectable enzyme activity compared with wild-type CYP3A4.1; five variants (CYP3A4.5, .16, .19, .24, .29) exhibited similar clearance value with CYP3A4.1; four variants (CYP3A4.14, .15, .28, .31) displayed increased enzymatic activities, while remaining variants showed markedly decreased intrinsic clearance values. CONCLUSION This study is the first to investigate the function of 27 CYP3A4 protein variants on the metabolism of regorafenib in vitro, and it may provide some valuable information for further research in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian-Meng Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ni-Hong Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huan-Le Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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22
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Zhou XY, Hu XX, Wang CC, Lu XR, Chen Z, Liu Q, Hu GX, Cai JP. Enzymatic Activities of CYP3A4 Allelic Variants on Quinine 3-Hydroxylation In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:591. [PMID: 31214030 PMCID: PMC6555127 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme activity is known to show considerable ethnic heterogeneity and inter-individual differences, affecting the outcome of drug treatment. CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms are believed to be one of the important causes, leading to inter-individual variability in drug metabolism. Quinine is an antipyretic drug with antimalarial properties that is metabolized primarily by CYP3A4. Quinine 3-hydroxylation has been proven as a biomarker reaction for evaluating CYP3A4 ability. Quinine has frequent adverse effects and there are distinct inter-individual differences in quinine sensitivity. The open reading frame for 30 CYP3A4 allelic variants were constructed from wild-type CYP3A4*1A by an overlap extension polymerase chain reaction. Recombinant CYP3A4 variants were expressed using baculovirus-insect cell expression system, and their catalytic activities towards quinine hydroxylation were determined and evaluated. Of the 30 CYP3A4 allelic variants, 23 variants exhibited significantly reduced intrinsic clearance towards quinine, 2 variants showed increased intrinsic clearance for quinine, 2 variants possessed no significant differences towards quinine, compared with CYP3A4*1A, and 3 variants had no detected expression and enzyme activity. Our assessment on the enzymatic activities of CYP3A4 variants towards quinine may contribute to laying an experimental foundation for further clinical studies so as to accelerate the process of determining the associations between genetic variations and clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Zhou
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Chen-Chen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Ran Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
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Impact of gene polymorphisms on the systemic toxicity to paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy for treatment of gynecologic cancers. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 300:395-407. [PMID: 31123858 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gynecologic malignancies are often detected in advanced stages, requiring chemotherapy with taxane/platinum combinations, which may cause severe toxicities, such as neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy. Gene polymorphisms are suspected as possible causes for the interindividual variability on chemotherapy toxicities. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of ABCB1 1236C>T, 3435C>T; CYP2C8*3; CYP3A5*3C variants on paclitaxel/carboplatin toxicities. METHODS A cohort of 503 gynecologic cancer patients treated with paclitaxel/carboplatin at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA-Brazil) was recruited (2013-2017). Polymorphisms were genotyped by real-time PCR, and toxicities were evaluated by patients' interviews at each chemotherapy cycle and by data collection from electronic records. The association of clinical features and genotypes with severe toxicities was estimated using Pearson's Chi square tests and multiple regression analyses, with calculation of adjusted odds ratios (ORadjusted), and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS CYP2C8*3 was significantly associated with increased risks of severe (grades 3-4) neutropenia (ORadjusted 2.11; 95% CI 1.24-3.6; dominant model) and severe thrombocytopenia (ORadjusted 4.93; 95% CI 1.69-14.35; recessive model), whereas ABCB1 variant genotypes (ORadjusted 2.13; 95% CI 1.32-3.42), in association with CYP2C8*3 wild type (GG) (ORadjusted 1.93; 95% CI 1.17-3.19), were predictive of severe fatigue. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that CYP2C8*3 is a potential predictor of hematological toxicities related to paclitaxel/carboplatin treatment. Since hematological toxicities, especially neutropenia, may lead to dose delay or treatment interruption, such prognostic evaluation may contribute to clinical management of selected patients with paclitaxel-based chemotherapy.
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Guttman Y, Nudel A, Kerem Z. Polymorphism in Cytochrome P450 3A4 Is Ethnicity Related. Front Genet 2019; 10:224. [PMID: 30941162 PMCID: PMC6433705 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Can mutations in Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), the major food- and drug-metabolizing enzyme, serve as biomarkers for personalized precise medicine? Classical genetic studies provide only limited data regarding the frequencies of CYP3A4 mutations and their role in food–drug interactions. Here, in an analysis of one large database of 141,456 individuals, we found 856 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism), of which 312 are missense mutations, far more than the previously reported dozens. Analyzing the data further, it is demonstrated that the frequency of mutations differs among ethnic groups. Hierarchical clustering divided the mutations to seven groups, each corresponding to a specific ethnicity. To the best of our knowledge this is the first comprehensive analysis of CYP3A4 allele frequencies in distinct ethnic groups. We suggest ethnicity based classification of CYP3A4 SNPs as the first step toward precise diet and medicine. Understanding which and when polymorphism might have clinical significance is a tremendously complex task. Using modeling approach, we could predict changes in the binding poses of ligands in the active site of single variants. These changes might imply clinical effects of the overlooked protein-altering CYP3A4 mutations, by modifying drug metabolism and FDI. It may be concluded that dietary habits, and hence FDI, are matters of ethnicity. Consequently, ethnic-related polymorphism in CYP3A4 and diet may be one underlying mechanism of response to medical regimes. The approaches presented here have the power to highlight mutations of clinical relevance in any gene of interest, thus to complement the arsenal of classic genetic screening tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Guttman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Nudel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zohar Kerem
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Inhibitory Mechanisms of Myricetin on Human and Rat Liver Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 44:611-618. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-019-00546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Arendse LB, Blackburn JM. Effects of polymorphic variation on the thermostability of heterogenous populations of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 enzymes in solution. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11876. [PMID: 30089838 PMCID: PMC6082832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) drug metabolism is currently poorly understood due to the large number of polymorphisms, the diversity of potential substrates and the complexity of CYP450 function. Previously we carried out in silico studies to explore the effect of SNPs on CYP450 function, using in silico calculations to predict the effect of mutations on protein stability. Here we have determined the effect of eight CYP3A4 and seven CYP2C9 SNPs on the thermostability of proteins in solution to test these predictions. Thermostability assays revealed distinct CYP450 sub-populations with only 65–70% of wild-type CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 susceptible to rapid heat-induced P450 to P420 conversion. CYP3A4 mutations G56D, P218R, S222P, I223R, L373F and M445T and CYP2C9 mutations V76M, I359L and I359T were destabilising, increasing the proportion of protein sensitive to the rapid heat-induced P450 to P420 conversion and/or reducing the half-life of this conversion. CYP2C9 Q214L was the only stabilising mutation. These results corresponded well with the in silico protein stability calculations, confirming the value of these predictions and together suggest that the changes in thermostability result from destabilisation/stabilisation of the protein fold, changes in the haem-binding environment or effects on oligomer formation/conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Arendse
- Institute for Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- Institute for Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa.
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Dafoe DC, Tantisattamo E, Reddy U. Precision Medicine and Personalized Approach to Renal Transplantation. Semin Nephrol 2018; 38:346-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Denisenko NP, Sychev DA, Sizova ZM, Smirnov VV, Ryzhikova KA, Sozaeva ZA, Grishina EA. CYP3A and CYP2C19 activity in urine in relation to CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2C19 polymorphisms in Russian peptic ulcer patients taking omeprazole. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2018; 11:107-112. [PMID: 29950882 PMCID: PMC6014385 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s159708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are metabolized by cytochrome P450. CYP2C19 is the main isoenzyme for the majority of PPI, whereas CYP3A family is a secondary enzyme for PPI biotransformation. Purpose The aim of the study was to find if CYP3A4*22, CYP3A5*3, CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3, and CYP2C19*17 genotypes are connected with CYP3A and CYP2C19 activities in Russian peptic ulcer patients taking omeprazole. Patients and methods Forty-eight gastric or duodenal ulcer patients (15 men, 33 women; mean age 55.0±15.3 years, age range 18-91 years) from Moscow region of Russia were enrolled. Peripheral venous blood was collected for DNA extraction, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for CYP3A5*3 A6986G (rs776746), CYP3A4*22 C>T in intron 6 (rs35599367), CYP2C19*2G681A (rs4244285), CYP2C19*3G636A (rs4986893), and CYP2C19*17C-806T (rs12248560) polymorphism analyses. Urine samples of patients were collected in the morning between 6 and 9 am before food or drug intake. Urine cortisol and 6β-hydroxycortisol concentrations (for CYP3A activity) and omeprazole and 5-hydroxyomeprazole concentrations (for CYP2C19 activity) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Results We found a connection between CYP2C19 genotypes and CYP3A activity. Median metabolic ratios 6β-hydroxycortisol/cortisol (25%-75% percentiles) were 2.84 (1.99-4.39) for CYP2C19 extensive metabolizers (EMs), 2.51 (1.86-4.73) for CYP2C19 ultra-rapid metabolizers (UMs), and 1.45 (1.12-2.16) for CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizers (IMs) + poor metabolizers (PMs). A statistically significant difference in CYP3A activity (Mann-Whitney test) was found between CYP2C19 EMs vs CYP2C19 IMs+PMs (p=0.006), between CYP2C19 UMs vs CYP2C19 IMs+PMs (p=0.018), and in multiple comparison Kruskal-Wallis test (p=0.014). Conclusion In CYP2C19 IMs+PMs, CYP3A activity was significantly lower than in CYP2C19 EMs and UMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia P Denisenko
- Research Center, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Social Expertise, Urgent and Outpatient Therapy, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A Sychev
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhanna M Sizova
- Department of Social Expertise, Urgent and Outpatient Therapy, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriy V Smirnov
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, National Research Centre - Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina A Ryzhikova
- Research Center, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhannet A Sozaeva
- Research Center, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Grishina
- Research Center, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
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Yang CC, Zheng X, Liu TH, Wang CC, Tang PF, Chen Z, Zhang BW, Fang P, Hu GX, Cai JP. Functional characterization of 21 CYP3A4 variants on amiodarone metabolism in vitro. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:120-126. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1414971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Xiang Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Teng-Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Chen-Chen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Peng-Fei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Zhe Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Bo-Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Ping Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China
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30
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Xu RA, Wen J, Tang P, Wang C, Xie S, Zhang BW, Zhou Q, Cai JP, Hu GX. Functional Characterization of 22 CYP3A4 Protein Variants to Metabolize Ibrutinib In Vitro. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 122:383-387. [PMID: 29117640 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-ai Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Jian Wen
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Pengfei Tang
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Saili Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Bo-wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Jian-ping Cai
- The Ministry of Health (MOH) Key Laboratory of Geriatrics; Beijing Hospital; National Center of Gerontology; Beijing China
| | - Guo-xin Hu
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
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31
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Raimondi F, Betts MJ, Lu Q, Inoue A, Gutkind JS, Russell RB. Genetic variants affecting equivalent protein family positions reflect human diversity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12771. [PMID: 28986545 PMCID: PMC5630595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of diverse protein families often perform overlapping or redundant functions meaning that different variations within them could reflect differences between individual organisms. We investigated likely functional positions within aligned protein families that contained a significant enrichment of nonsynonymous variants in genomes of healthy individuals. We identified more than a thousand enriched positions across hundreds of family alignments with roles indicative of mammalian individuality, including sensory perception and the immune system. The most significant position is the Arginine from the Olfactory receptor “DRY” motif, which has more variants in healthy individuals than all other positions in the proteome. Odorant binding data suggests that these variants lead to receptor inactivity, and they are mostly mutually exclusive with other loss-of-function (stop/frameshift) variants. Some DRY Arginine variants correlate with smell preferences in sub-populations and all 2,504 humans studied contain a unique spectrum of active and inactive receptors. The many other variant enriched positions, across hundreds of other families might also provide insights into individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Raimondi
- CellNetworks, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthew J Betts
- CellNetworks, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qianhao Lu
- CellNetworks, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Robert B Russell
- CellNetworks, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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32
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Qu L, Lu Y, Ying M, Li B, Weng C, Xie Z, Liang L, Lin C, Yang X, Feng S, Wang Y, Shen X, Zhou Q, Chen Y, Chen Z, Wu J, Lin W, Shen Y, Qin J, Xu H, Xu F, Wang J, Chen J, Jiang H, Huang H. Tacrolimus dose requirement based on the CYP3A5 genotype in renal transplant patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81285-81294. [PMID: 29113387 PMCID: PMC5655282 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine A (CsA) are widely used to protect graft function after renal transplantation. The aim of the present study is to determine whether the single nucleotide polymorphism of CYP3A5 is a predictive index of FK506 dose requirement, and also the selection yardstick of FK506 or CsA treatment.We tested archival peripheral blood of 218 kidney recipients for CYP3A5 genotyping with PCR-SSP. Meanwhile, the dose of FK506 and CsA was recorded, blood concentration of the drugs was measured, and graft outcome was monitored.These results indicate that CYP3A5*AA/AG carriers need higher FK506 dose than CYP3A5*GG homozygote to achieve the target blood concentration. For CYP3A5*GG carriers, taking FK506 or CsA are both advisable. CYP3A5*AA/AG carriers preferred to CsA treatment depending on the graft outcomes and drug costs. CYP3A5 genotyping is a new approach to detecting FK506 dose requirement and a predictive index for the FK506 or CsA treatment selection in kidney recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Qu
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meike Ying
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingjue Li
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Weng
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhoutao Xie
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ludan Liang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Lin
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian Yang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi Feng
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiujin Shen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongfeng Huang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of PR China, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Structural basis for regiospecific midazolam oxidation by human cytochrome P450 3A4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 114:486-491. [PMID: 28031486 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616198114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is a major hepatic and intestinal enzyme that oxidizes more than 60% of administered therapeutics. Knowledge of how CYP3A4 adjusts and reshapes the active site to regioselectively oxidize chemically diverse compounds is critical for better understanding structure-function relations in this important enzyme, improving the outcomes for drug metabolism predictions, and developing pharmaceuticals that have a decreased ability to undergo metabolism and cause detrimental drug-drug interactions. However, there is very limited structural information on CYP3A4-substrate interactions available to date. Despite the vast variety of drugs undergoing metabolism, only the sedative midazolam (MDZ) serves as a marker substrate for the in vivo activity assessment because it is preferentially and regioselectively oxidized by CYP3A4. We solved the 2.7 Å crystal structure of the CYP3A4-MDZ complex, where the drug is well defined and oriented suitably for hydroxylation of the C1 atom, the major site of metabolism. This binding mode requires H-bonding to Ser119 and a dramatic conformational switch in the F-G fragment, which transmits to the adjacent D, E, H, and I helices, resulting in a collapse of the active site cavity and MDZ immobilization. In addition to providing insights on the substrate-triggered active site reshaping (an induced fit), the crystal structure explains the accumulated experimental results, identifies possible effector binding sites, and suggests why MDZ is predominantly metabolized by the CYP3A enzyme subfamily.
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Hirose T, Fujita KI, Kusumoto S, Oki Y, Murata Y, Sugiyama T, Ishida H, Shirai T, Nakashima M, Yamaoka T, Okuda K, Ohmori T, Sasaki Y. Association of pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics with safety and efficacy of gefitinib in patients with EGFR mutation positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2016; 93:69-76. [PMID: 26898617 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gefitinib is a potent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor and is a key drug for patients with EGFR mutation-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The pharmacokinetics of orally administered gefitinib varies greatly among patients. We prospectively evaluated the association of pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics with the safety and efficacy of gefitinib in patients with EGFR mutation-positive advanced NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Pharmacokinetics was evaluated with samples of peripheral blood obtained on day 1 before treatment and 1, 3, 5, 8, and 24h after gefitinib (250 mg per day) was administered and on days 8 and 15 as the trough values. The plasma concentration of gefitinib was analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. The genotypes of ABCG2, ABCB1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2D6 genes were analyzed with direct sequencing. RESULTS The subjects were 35 patients (21 women; median age, 72 years; range, 53 to 90 years) with stage IV adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutations. The median peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 377 (range, 168-781)ng/mL. The median area under the curve (AUC) of the plasma concentration of gefitinib from 0 to 24h was 4893 (range, 698-13991) ng/mL h. The common adverse events were skin toxicity (68% of patients), diarrhea (46%), and liver injury (63%). One patient died of drug-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD). The overall response rate was 82.9% (95% confidence interval, 66.4%-93.4%). The median progression-free survival time was 10 months, and the median survival time was 25 months. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics were not associated with significantly different toxicities, response rates, or survival times with gefitinib. However, the AUC and Cmax were highest and the trough value on day 8 was the second highest in one patient who died of drug-induced ILD. CONCLUSION Elevated gefitinib exposure might be associated with drug-induced ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hirose
- Depatment of Respirology, National Hospital Organization, Tokyo National Hospital, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ken-ichi Fujita
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Showa University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sojiro Kusumoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunari Oki
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Murata
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohide Sugiyama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroo Ishida
- Division of Medical Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Shirai
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanao Nakashima
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Okuda
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Ohmori
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Showa University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutsuna Sasaki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
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Daci A, Beretta G, Vllasaliu D, Shala A, Govori V, Norata GD, Krasniqi S. Polymorphic Variants of SCN1A and EPHX1 Influence Plasma Carbamazepine Concentration, Metabolism and Pharmacoresistance in a Population of Kosovar Albanian Epileptic Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142408. [PMID: 26555147 PMCID: PMC4640545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of gene variants in key genes influencing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of carbamazepine (CBZ) on the response in patients with epilepsy. Materials & Methods Five SNPs in two candidate genes influencing CBZ transport and metabolism, namely ABCB1 or EPHX1, and CBZ response SCN1A (sodium channel) were genotyped in 145 epileptic patients treated with CBZ as monotherapy and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of CBZ, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZE) and carbamazepine-10,11-trans dihydrodiol (CBZD) were determined by HPLC-UV-DAD and adjusted for CBZ dosage/kg of body weight. Results The presence of the SCN1A IVS5-91G>A variant allele is associated with increased epilepsy susceptibility. Furthermore, carriers of the SCN1A IVS5-91G>A variant or of EPHX1 c.337T>C variant presented significantly lower levels of plasma CBZ compared to carriers of the common alleles (0.71±0.28 vs 1.11±0.69 μg/mL per mg/Kg for SCN1A IVS5-91 AA vs GG and 0.76±0.16 vs 0.94±0.49 μg/mL per mg/Kg for EPHX1 c.337 CC vs TT; P<0.05 for both). Carriers of the EPHX1 c.416A>G showed a reduced microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity as reflected by a significantly decreased ratio of CBZD to CBZ (0.13±0.08 to 0.26±0.17, p<0.05) also of CBZD to CBZE (1.74±1.06 to 3.08±2.90; P<0.05) and CDRCBZD (0.13±0.08 vs 0.24±0.19 μg/mL per mg/Kg; P<0.05). ABCB1 3455C>T SNP and SCN1A 3148A>G variants were not associated with significant changes in CBZ pharmacokinetic. Patients resistant to CBZ treatment showed increased dosage of CBZ (657±285 vs 489±231 mg/day; P<0.001) but also increased plasma levels of CBZ (9.84±4.37 vs 7.41±3.43 μg/mL; P<0.001) compared to patients responsive to CBZ treatment. CBZ resistance was not related to any of the SNPs investigated. Conclusions The SCN1A IVS5-91G>A SNP is associated with susceptibility to epilepsy. SNPs in EPHX1 gene are influencing CBZ metabolism and disposition. CBZ plasma levels are not an indicator of resistance to the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- University of Lincoln, School of Pharmacy, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
| | - Aida Shala
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Valbona Govori
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosova, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Shaip Krasniqi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- * E-mail:
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Matsumoto T, Kushida H, Maruyama T, Nishimura H, Watanabe J, Maemura K, Kase Y. In vitro identification of human cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of Geissoschizine methyl ether, an active component of the traditional Japanese medicine Yokukansan. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:325-34. [PMID: 26337900 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1076585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. Yokukansan (YKS) is a traditional Japanese medicine also called kampo, which has been used to treat neurosis, insomnia, and night crying and peevishness in children. Geissoschizine methyl ether (GM), a major indole alkaloid found in Uncaria hook, has been identified as a major active component of YKS with psychotropic effects. Recently, GM was reported to have a partial agonistic effect on serotonin 5-HT1A receptors. However, there is little published information on GM metabolism in humans, although several studies reported the blood kinetics of GM in rats and humans. In this study, we investigated the GM metabolic pathways and metabolizing enzymes in humans. 2. Using recombinant human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms and polyclonal antibodies to CYP isoforms, we found that GM was metabolized into hydroxylated, dehydrogenated, hydroxylated+dehydrogenated, demethylated and water adduct forms by some CYP isoforms. 3. The relative activity factors in human liver microsomes were calculated to determine the relative contributions of individual CYP isoforms to GM metabolism in human liver microsomes (HLMs). We identified CYP3A4 as the CYP isoform primarily responsible for GM metabolism in human liver microsomes. 4. These findings provide an important basis for understanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GM and YKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsumoto
- a Tsumura & Co., Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division , Ibaraki , Japan and
| | - Hirotaka Kushida
- a Tsumura & Co., Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division , Ibaraki , Japan and
| | - Takeshi Maruyama
- b Tsumura & Co., Kampo Formulations Development Center, Production Division , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nishimura
- b Tsumura & Co., Kampo Formulations Development Center, Production Division , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Junko Watanabe
- a Tsumura & Co., Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division , Ibaraki , Japan and
| | - Kazuya Maemura
- a Tsumura & Co., Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division , Ibaraki , Japan and
| | - Yoshio Kase
- a Tsumura & Co., Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division , Ibaraki , Japan and
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Badavi E, Safavi B, Jalali A, Shahriary GM, Mohammadi-Asl J, Babaei J. Association of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms with Iranian breast cancer patients. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Hirota T, Ieiri I. Drug-drug interactions that interfere with statin metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1435-47. [PMID: 26058399 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1056149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipid-lowering drugs, especially hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), are widely used in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerotic diseases. The benefits of statins are well documented. However, myotoxic side effects, which can sometimes be severe, including myopathy or rhabdomyolysis, have been associated with the use of statins. In some cases, this toxicity is associated with pharmacokinetic alterations. Potent inhibitors of CYP 3A4 significantly increase plasma concentrations of the active forms of simvastatin, lovastatin and atorvastatin. Fluvastatin is metabolized by CYP2C9, while pravastatin, rosuvastatin and pitavastatin are not susceptible to inhibition by any CYP. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the pharmacokinetic aspects of the drug-drug interaction with statins and genetic polymorphisms in CYPs, which are involved in the metabolism of statins, and highlights the importance of establishing a system utilizing electronic medical information practically to avoid adverse drug reactions. EXPERT OPINION An understanding of the mechanisms underlying statin interactions will help to minimize drug interactions and develop statins that are less prone to adverse interactions. Quantitatively analyzed information for the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering effects of statin based on electronic medical records may be useful for avoiding the adverse effect of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hirota
- a Kyushu University, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics , Fukuoka 8128582, Japan +81 92 642 6657 ; +81 92 642 6660 ;
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Richards-Waugh LL, Primerano DA, Dementieva Y, Kraner JC, Rankin GO. Fatal methadone toxicity: potential role of CYP3A4 genetic polymorphism. J Anal Toxicol 2015; 38:541-7. [PMID: 25217544 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bku091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methadone is difficult to administer as a therapeutic agent because of a wide range of interindividual pharmacokinetics, likely due to genetic variability of the CYP450 enzymes responsible for metabolism to its principal metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP). CYP3A4 is one of the primary CYP450 isoforms responsible for the metabolism of methadone to EDDP in humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms in accidental methadone fatalities. A study cohort consisting of 136 methadone-only and 92 combined methadone/benzodiazepine fatalities was selected from cases investigated at the West Virginia and Kentucky Offices of the Chief Medical Examiner. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped within the CYP3A4 gene. Observed allelic and genotypic frequencies were compared with expected frequencies obtained from The National Center for Biotechnology Information dbSNP database. SNPs rs2242480 and rs2740574 demonstrated an apparent enrichment within the methadone-only overdose fatalities compared with the control group and the general population. This enrichment was not apparent in the methadone/benzodiazepine cases for these two SNPs. Our findings indicate that there may be two or more SNPs on the CYP3A4 gene that cause or contribute to the methadone poor metabolizer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald A Primerano
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | | | - James C Kraner
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Gary O Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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Abstract
CYP3A ranks among the most abundant cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver, playing a dominant role in metabolic elimination of clinically used drugs. A main member in CYP3A family, CYP3A4 expression and activity vary considerably among individuals, attributable to genetic and non-genetic factors, affecting drug dosage and efficacy. However, the extent of genetic influence has remained unclear. This review assesses current knowledge on the genetic factors influencing CYP3A4 activity. Coding region CYP3A4 polymorphisms are rare and account for only a small portion of inter-person variability in CYP3A metabolism. Except for the promoter allele CYP3A4*1B with ambiguous effect on expression, common CYP3A4 regulatory polymorphisms were thought to be lacking. Recent studies have identified a relatively common regulatory polymorphism, designated CYP3A4*22 with robust effects on hepatic CYP3A4 expression. Combining CYP3A4*22 with CYP3A5 alleles *1, *3 and *7 has promise as a biomarker predicting overall CYP3A activity. Also contributing to variable expression, the role of polymorphisms in transcription factors and microRNAs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxin Wang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-614-292-7336; Fax: +1-614-292-7232
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Apellániz-Ruiz M, Lee MY, Sánchez-Barroso L, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez G, Calvo I, García-Estévez L, Sereno M, García-Donás J, Castelo B, Guerra E, Leandro-García LJ, Cascón A, Johansson I, Robledo M, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Rodríguez-Antona C. Whole-exome sequencing reveals defective CYP3A4 variants predictive of paclitaxel dose-limiting neuropathy. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:322-8. [PMID: 25398452 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Paclitaxel, a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, can cause peripheral neuropathies leading to dose reductions and treatment suspensions and decreasing the quality of life of patients. It has been suggested that genetic variants altering paclitaxel pharmacokinetics increase neuropathy risk, but the major causes of interindividual differences in susceptibility to paclitaxel toxicity remain unexplained. We carried out a whole-exome sequencing (WES) study to identify genetic susceptibility variants associated with paclitaxel neuropathy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Blood samples from 8 patients with severe paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy were selected for WES. An independent cohort of 228 cancer patients with complete paclitaxel neuropathy data was used for variant screening by DHPLC and association analysis. HEK293 cells were used for heterologous expression and characterization of two novel CYP3A4 enzymes. RESULTS WES revealed 2 patients with rare CYP3A4 variants, a premature stop codon (CYP3A4*20 allele) and a novel missense variant (CYP3A4*25, p.P389S) causing reduced enzyme expression. Screening for CYP3A4 variants in the independent cohort revealed three additional CYP3A4*20 carriers, and two patients with missense variants exhibiting diminished enzyme activity (CYP3A4*8 and the novel CYP3A4*27 allele, p.L475V). Relative to CYP3A4 wild-type patients, those carrying CYP3A4 defective variants had more severe neuropathy (2- and 1.3-fold higher risk of neuropathy for loss-of-function and missense variants, respectively, P = 0.045) and higher probability of neuropathy-induced paclitaxel treatment modifications (7- and 3-fold higher risk for loss-of-function and missense variants, respectively, P = 5.9 × 10(-5)). CONCLUSION This is the first description of a genetic marker associated with paclitaxel treatment modifications caused by neuropathy. CYP3A4 defective variants may provide a basis for paclitaxel treatment individualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Apellániz-Ruiz
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mi-Young Lee
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lara Sánchez-Barroso
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Calvo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain. Medical Oncology Department, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura García-Estévez
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sereno
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Donás
- Gynecological and Genitourinary Tumors Programme Centro Integral Oncologico Clara Campal CIOCC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Castelo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Guerra
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis J Leandro-García
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Cascón
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. ISCIII Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inger Johansson
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. ISCIII Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Antona
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. ISCIII Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
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Werk AN, Cascorbi I. Functional gene variants of CYP3A4. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2014; 96:340-8. [PMID: 24926778 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2014.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is involved in the metabolism of more drugs in clinical use than any other foreign compound-metabolizing enzyme in humans. Recently, increasing evidence has been found showing that variants in the CYP3A4 gene have functional significance and--in rare cases--lead to loss of activity, implying tremendous consequences for patients. This review article highlights the functional consequences of all CYP3A4 variants recognized by the Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Allele Nomenclature Database.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Werk
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - I Cascorbi
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Gulati S, Yadav A, Kumar N, Kumar G, Aggarwal N, Gupta R. Frequency distribution of high risk alleles of CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 genes in Haryana population. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:1186-1193. [PMID: 24814262 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The genotype of an individual can significantly influence the disposition of a chemical, and determine their susceptibility to its toxicity. Many enzymes involved in either activation or detoxification of chemical carcinogen metabolism are polymorphically expressed, with the alleles presenting different enzymatic activities and some of them having been associated with susceptibility to cancer. Cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) constitutes the most important phase I enzyme group responsible for the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous (xenobiotics) substances. The present study was aimed to analyze the frequencies of commonly known polymorphisms of human xenobiotic metabolizing genes (XMG) in the Haryana State population of North India. The study was conducted in 308 healthy Haryana volunteers. DNA was extracted from leucocytes and the genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3, CYP2E1*5B and CYP3A4*1B were determined by digesting the PCR Product with restriction enzymes BamHI, SmaI, PstI and PstI respectively. The genotype frequencies of CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3, CYP2E1*5B, and CYP3A4*1B were found to be 22.0%, 0.0%, 2.11% and 2.0% respectively. The North Indian population which is known to be Caucasoid Aryans is ethnically different from South Indians known as Caucasoid Dravidians but no significant difference in genetic polymorphism was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Gulati
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra (Haryana) 136119, India.
| | - Anita Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra (Haryana) 136119, India.
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra (Haryana) 136119, India.
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra (Haryana) 136119, India.
| | - Neeraj Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra (Haryana) 136119, India.
| | - Ranjan Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra (Haryana) 136119, India.
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David JP, Faucon F, Chandor-Proust A, Poupardin R, Riaz MA, Bonin A, Navratil V, Reynaud S. Comparative analysis of response to selection with three insecticides in the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti using mRNA sequencing. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:174. [PMID: 24593293 PMCID: PMC4029067 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito control programmes using chemical insecticides are increasingly threatened by the development of resistance. Such resistance can be the consequence of changes in proteins targeted by insecticides (target site mediated resistance), increased insecticide biodegradation (metabolic resistance), altered transport, sequestration or other mechanisms. As opposed to target site resistance, other mechanisms are far from being fully understood. Indeed, insecticide selection often affects a large number of genes and various biological processes can hypothetically confer resistance. In this context, the aim of the present study was to use RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for comparing transcription level and polymorphism variations associated with adaptation to chemical insecticides in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Biological materials consisted of a parental susceptible strain together with three child strains selected across multiple generations with three insecticides from different classes: the pyrethroid permethrin, the neonicotinoid imidacloprid and the carbamate propoxur. Results After ten generations, insecticide-selected strains showed elevated resistance levels to the insecticides used for selection. RNA-seq data allowed detecting over 13,000 transcripts, of which 413 were differentially transcribed in insecticide-selected strains as compared to the susceptible strain. Among them, a significant enrichment of transcripts encoding cuticle proteins, transporters and enzymes was observed. Polymorphism analysis revealed over 2500 SNPs showing > 50% allele frequency variations in insecticide-selected strains as compared to the susceptible strain, affecting over 1000 transcripts. Comparing gene transcription and polymorphism patterns revealed marked differences among strains. While imidacloprid selection was linked to the over transcription of many genes, permethrin selection was rather linked to polymorphism variations. Focusing on detoxification enzymes revealed that permethrin selection strongly affected the polymorphism of several transcripts encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenases likely involved in insecticide biodegradation. Conclusions The present study confirmed the power of RNA-seq for identifying concomitantly quantitative and qualitative transcriptome changes associated with insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. Our results suggest that transcriptome modifications can be selected rapidly by insecticides and affect multiple biological functions. Previously neglected by molecular screenings, polymorphism variations of detoxification enzymes may play an important role in the adaptive response of mosquitoes to insecticides.
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Characterization of CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms in South Brazilians. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:1453-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pharmacogenetics in American Indian populations: analysis of CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2C9 in the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2014; 23:403-14. [PMID: 23778323 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e3283629ce9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cytochrome P450 enzymes play a dominant role in drug elimination and variation in these genes is a major source of interindividual differences in drug response. Little is known, however, about pharmacogenetic variation in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations. We have developed a partnership with the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (CSKT) in northwestern Montana to address this knowledge gap. METHODS We resequenced CYP2D6 in 187 CSKT individuals and CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2C9 in 94 CSKT individuals. RESULTS We identified 67 variants in CYP2D6, 15 in CYP3A4, 10 in CYP3A5, and 41 in CYP2C9. The most common CYP2D6 alleles were CYP2D6*4 and *41 (20.86 and 11.23%, respectively). CYP2D6*3, *5, *6, *9, *10, *17, *28, *33, *35, *49, *1xN, *2xN, and *4xN frequencies were less than 2%. CYP3A5*3, CYP3A4*1G, and *1B were detected with frequencies of 92.47, 26.81, and 2.20%, respectively. Allelic variation in CYP2C9 was low: CYP2C9*2 (5.17%) and *3 (2.69%). In general, allele frequencies in CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A5 were similar to those observed in European Americans. There was, however, a marked divergence in CYP3A4 for the CYP3A4*1G allele. We also observed low levels of linkage between CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*1 in the CSKT. The combination of nonfunctional CYP3A5*3 and putative reduced function CYP3A4*1G alleles may predict diminished clearance of CYP3A substrates. CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of carrying out pharmacogenomic research in AI/AN populations and show that extrapolation from other populations is not appropriate. This information could help optimize drug therapy for the CSKT population.
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Elens L, van Gelder T, Hesselink DA, Haufroid V, van Schaik RHN. CYP3A4*22: promising newly identified CYP3A4 variant allele for personalizing pharmacotherapy. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:47-62. [PMID: 23252948 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have attempted to explain the interindividual variability observed in drug metabolism by assessing the impact of SNPs in genes implicated in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion pathways. Particular attention has been paid to the CYP450s. CYP3A4 is the main CYP isoform in human liver and intestine and is involved in the metabolism of many drugs. Its activity, however, is characterized by widespread variation in the general population, which is thought to have a genetic basis. A new CYP3A4 allele (CYP3A4*22; rs35599367 C>T in intron 6) with a frequency of 5-7% in the Caucasian population was recently discovered through its association with low hepatic CYP3A4 expression and CYP3A4 activity, and showing effects on statin, tacrolimus and cyclosporine metabolism. This review will summarize the current literature on phenotypes linked to this new promising CYP3A4 genetic marker SNP and discusses the potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Elens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Laurenty AP, Thomas F, Chatelut E, Bétrian S, Guellec CL, Hennebelle I, Guellec SL, Chevreau C. Irreversible hepatotoxicity after administration of trabectedin to a pleiomorphic sarcoma patient with a rare ABCC2 polymorphism: a case report. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:1389-96. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here the case of a 60-year old male patient treated for an extensive local progression of a pleiomorphic sarcoma on the right tibial crest with second-line trabectedin. Two cycles were administrated before a major liver toxicity was retrieved, with both cytolytic and cholestatic hepatitis quickly associated with irreversible jaundice. The radiological, histological, chemistry and pharmacogenetic investigations led us to diagnose chronic hepatobiliary toxicity with portal fibrosis, cholangiolitis damages and chronic hepatopathy. The patient had a deficient variant genotype of ABCC2 (c.-24TT, c.4488CT and c.4544GA), which has been suggested to play a role in excretion of toxic metabolites of trabectedin. This case report is, to our knowledge, the first description of trabectedin‘s irreversible liver toxicity in a human patient. Supported by a thorough review of the literature, this hepatitis is thought to have resulted from a multihit process involving genetic variants of ABC proteins and comedication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabienne Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology & EA4553, Institut Claudius Regaud, 20–24, rue du Pont St Pierre, 31052 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Etienne Chatelut
- Department of Pharmacology & EA4553, Institut Claudius Regaud, 20–24, rue du Pont St Pierre, 31052 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Sarah Bétrian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - Chantal Le Guellec
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU Tours, Tours, France
| | - Isabelle Hennebelle
- Department of Pharmacology & EA4553, Institut Claudius Regaud, 20–24, rue du Pont St Pierre, 31052 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Le Guellec
- Department of Anatomopathology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Christine Chevreau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
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49
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Geier M, Braun A, Fladischer P, Stepniak P, Rudroff F, Hametner C, Mihovilovic MD, Glieder A. Double site saturation mutagenesis of the human cytochrome P450 2D6 results in regioselective steroid hydroxylation. FEBS J 2013; 280:3094-108. [PMID: 23552177 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is one of the major human drug metabolizing enzymes and acts preferably on substrates containing a basic nitrogen atom. Testosterone - just as other steroids - is an atypical substrate and only poorly metabolized by CYP2D6. The present study intended to investigate the influence of the two active site residues 216 and 483 on the capability of CYP2D6 to hydroxylate steroids such as for example testosterone. All 400 possible combinatorial mutations at these two positions have been generated and expressed individually in Pichia pastoris. Employing whole-cell biotransformations coupled with HPLC-MS analysis the testosterone hydroxylase activity and regioselectivity of every single CYP2D6 variant was determined. Covering the whole sequence space, CYP2D6 variants with improved activity and so far unknown regio-preference in testosterone hydroxylation were identified. Most intriguingly and in contrast to previous literature reports about mutein F483I, the mutation F483G led to preferred hydroxylation at the 2β-position, while the slow formation of 6β-hydroxytestosterone, the main product of wild-type CYP2D6, was further reduced. Two point mutations have already been sufficient to convert CYP2D6 into a steroid hydroxylase with the highest ever reported testosterone hydroxylation rate for this enzyme, which is of the same order of magnitude as for the conversion of the standard substrate bufuralol by wild-type CYP2D6. Furthermore, this study is also an example for efficient human CYP engineering in P. pastoris for biocatalytic applications and to study so far unknown pharmacokinetic effects of individual and combined mutations in these key enzymes of the human drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Geier
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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50
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Akiyoshi T, Ito M, Murase S, Miyazaki M, Guengerich FP, Nakamura K, Yamamoto K, Ohtani H. Mechanism-based inhibition profiles of erythromycin and clarithromycin with cytochrome P450 3A4 genetic variants. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 28:411-5. [PMID: 23514827 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-12-rg-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 is the major cause of drug-drug interactions (DDI). We have previously reported that the genetic variation of CYP3A4 significantly affected the inhibitory profiles of typical competitive inhibitors. In addition to competitive inhibition, some clinically significant DDI are attributable to mechanism-based inhibition (MBI). However, the differences in the MBI kinetics among CYP3A4 genetic variants remain to be characterized. In this study, we quantitatively investigated the inhibition kinetics of MBI inhibitors, erythromycin and clarithromycin, on the CYP3A4 variants CYP3A4.1, 4.2, 4.7, 4.16, and 4.18. The activity of CYP3A4 was assessed using testosterone 6β-hydroxylation with recombinant CYP3A4. Both erythromycin and clarithromycin decreased the activity of CYP3A4 in a time-dependent manner. The maximum inactivation rate constants, k(inact,max), of erythromycin for CYP3A4.2 and CYP3A4.7 were 0.5-fold that for CYP3A4.1, while that for CYP3A4.16 and CYP3A4.18 were similar to that for CYP3A4.1. The K(I) values of erythromycin for CYP3A4.2, 4.7, 4.16, and 4.18 were 1.2-, 0.4-, 2.2- and 0.72-fold those of CYP3A4.1, respectively. Similar results were obtained for clarithromycin. In conclusion, the inhibitory profiles of MBI inhibitors, as well as competitive inhibitors, may possibly differ among CYP3A4 variants. This difference may contribute to interindividual differences in the extent of DDI based on MBI.
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