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Williams TR, Childs EW. Evaluation of Mesenteric Microvascular Hyperpermeability Following Hemorrhagic Shock Using Intravital Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2711:39-46. [PMID: 37776447 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3429-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy is a powerful tool for evaluating vascular hyperpermeability in various vascular beds. Hemorrhagic shock after traumatic injury is known to induce microvascular hyperpermeability, life-threatening edema, and microcirculatory perfusion disturbances. Here we describe the microsurgical and imaging methods to study mesenteric vascular hyperpermeability using intravital microscopy, in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. In this protocol, hemorrhagic shock is induced by controlled withdrawal of blood to reduce the mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 40 mmHg for 60 min, followed by resuscitation for 60 min. To study the changes in vascular permeability, the rats are given FITC-albumin, a fluorescent tracer, intravenously. The FITC-albumin flux across the vessel wall is measured in mesenteric postcapillary venules by determining intravascular and extravascular fluorescence intensity under intravital microscopy. Intravital microscopic evaluation of high molecular weight FITC-albumin permeability is a reliable indicator of microvascular hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Williams
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ed W Childs
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Detopoulou P, Fragopoulou E, Nomikos T, Antonopoulou S. Associations of phase angle with platelet-activating factor metabolism and related dietary factors in healthy volunteers. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1237086. [PMID: 38024339 PMCID: PMC10655008 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1237086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phase angle (PA) is derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). It reflects cell membrane function and decreases in disease. It is affected by inflammation, oxidative stress, and diet. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent inflammatory lipid mediator. Its levels, along with the activity of its metabolic enzymes, including CDP-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-cholinephosphotransferase, acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF-acetyltransferases, and PAF-AH/Lp-PLA2 are also related to dietary factors, such as the dietary antioxidant capacity (DAC). The aim of the study was to estimate whether the PAF metabolic circuit and related dietary factors are associated with PA in healthy volunteers. Methods In healthy subjects, PAF, its metabolic enzyme activity, and erythrocyte fatty acids were measured, while desaturases were estimated. Food-frequency questionnaires and recalls were used, and food groups, macronutrient intake, MedDietScore, and DAC were assessed. Lifestyle and biochemical variables were collected. DXA and BIA measurements were performed. Results Lp-PLA2 activity was positively associated with PA (rho = 0.651, p < 0.001, total population; rho = 0.780, p < 0.001, women), while PAF levels were negatively associated with PA only in men (partial rho = -0.627, p = 0.012) and inversely related to DAC. Estimated desaturase 6 was inversely associated with PA (rho = -0.404, p = 0.01, total sample). Moreover, the DAC correlated positively with PA (rho = 0.513, p = 0.03, women). All correlations were adjusted for age, body mass index, and sex (if applicable). Conclusion PA is associated with PAF levels and Lp-PLA2 activity in a gender-dependent fashion, indicating the involvement of PAF in cell membrane impairment. The relationship of PA with DAC suggests a protective effect of antioxidants on cellular health, considering that antioxidants may inhibit PAF generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education. Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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Gu H, Wang W, Wu W, Wang M, Liu Y, Jiao Y, Wang F, Wang F, Chen X. Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-based fluorescent probes for biomarker detection: design, mechanism, and application. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2056-2071. [PMID: 36723346 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06556h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are essential in biology, physiology, and pharmacology; thus, their detection is of extensive importance. Fluorescent probes provide effective tools for detecting biomarkers exactly. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), one of the significant photophysical processes that possesses specific photoisomerization between Keto and Enol forms, can effectively avoid annoying interference from the background with a large Stokes shift. Hence, ESIPT is an excellent choice for biomarker monitoring. Based on the ESIPT process, abundant probes were designed and synthesized using three major design methods. In this review, we conclude probes for 14 kinds of biomarkers based on ESIPT explored in the past five years, summarize these general design methods, and highlight their application for biomarker detection in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Wenyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Maolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yongrong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yanjun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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Irisin Preserves Cardiac Performance and Insulin Sensitivity in Response to Hemorrhage. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101193. [PMID: 36297305 PMCID: PMC9609404 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin, a cleaved product of the fibronectin type III domain containing protein-5, is produced in the muscle tissue, which plays an important role in modulating insulin resistance. However, it remains unknown if irisin provides a protective effect against the detrimental outcomes of hemorrhage. Hemorrhages were simulated in male CD-1 mice to achieve a mean arterial blood pressure of 35–45 mmHg, followed by resuscitation. Irisin (50 ng/kg) and the vehicle (saline) were administrated at the start of resuscitation. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, and hemodynamics were measured through femoral artery catheterization. A glucose tolerance test was used to evaluate insulin sensitivity. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect inflammatory factors in the muscles and blood serum. Western blot was carried out to assess the irisin production in skeletal muscles. Histological analyses were used to determine tissue damage and active-caspase 3 apoptotic signals. The hemorrhage suppressed cardiac performance, as indicated by a reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening, which was accompanied by enhanced insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Furthermore, the hemorrhage resulted in a marked decrease in irisin and an increase in the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). Additionally, the hemorrhage caused marked edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and active-caspase 3 positive signals in skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles. Irisin treatment led to a significant improvement in the cardiac function of animals exposed to a hemorrhage. In addition, irisin treatment improved insulin sensitivity, which is consistent with the suppressed inflammatory cytokine secretion elicited by hemorrhages. Furthermore, hemorrhage-induced tissue edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and active-caspase 3 positive signaling were attenuated by irisin treatment. The results suggest that irisin protects against damage from a hemorrhage through the modulation of insulin sensitivity.
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Belcher DA, Williams AT, Munoz CJ, Muller CR, Walser C, Palmer AF, Cabrales P. Attenuating ischemia-reperfusion injury with polymerized albumin. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:489-496. [PMID: 34913740 PMCID: PMC8816619 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00117.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury increased vascular permeability, resulting in fluid extravasation from the intravascular compartment into the tissue space. Fluid and small protein extravasation lead to increased interstitial fluid pressure and capillary collapse, impairing capillary exchange. Polymerized human serum albumin (PolyHSA) has an increased molecular weight (MW) compared with unpolymerized human serum albumin (HSA) and can improve intravascular fluid retention and recovery from ischemia-reperfusion injury. To test the hypothesis that polymerization of HSA can improve recovery from ischemia-reperfusion injury, we studied how exchange transfusion of 20% of the blood volume with HSA or PolyHSA immediately before reperfusion can affect local ischemic tissue microhemodynamics, vascular integrity, and tissue viability in a hamster dorsal window chamber model. Microvascular flow and functional capillary density were maintained in animals exchanged with PolyHSA compared with HSA. Likewise, exchange transfusion with PolyHSA preserved vascular permeability measured with extravasation of fluorescently labeled dextran. The intravascular retention time of the exchanged PolyHSA was significantly longer compared with the intravascular retention time of HSA. Lastly, the viability of tissue subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury increased in animals exchanged with PolyHSA compared with HSA. Therefore maintenance of microvascular perfusion, improvement in vascular integrity, and reduction in tissue damage resulting from reperfusion with PolyHSA suggest that PolyHSA is a promising fluid therapy to improve outcomes of ischemia-reperfusion injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Polymerized human serum albumin reduced reperfusion injury and preservers microvascular hemodynamics. Polymerized human serum albumin reduces fluid extravasation and prevents fluid extravasation. Consequently, the tissue viability of ischemic tissue is preserved by polymerized human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A. Belcher
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Alexander T. Williams
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Carlos J. Munoz
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Cynthia R. Muller
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Cynthia Walser
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Andre F. Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
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Zhan H, Zhang H, Wang Y, Tao Y, Tian J, Fei X. Exploring the relationship between the "ON-OFF" mechanism of fluorescent probes and intramolecular charge transfer properties. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120339. [PMID: 34537632 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the excited state charge distribution characteristics and fluorescence mechanism of HClO detection probes HN-ClO (weak fluorescence) and HN-ClO-F (strong fluorescence) probes were investigated based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The results of electrostatic potential (ESP) map and hole-electron analysis show that the HN-ClO and HN-ClO-F probes have obvious charge separation characteristics in the excited state. The excited state energy decomposition and Merz-Kollman charge analysis demonstrate the existence of distinct planar intramolecular charge transfer (PICT) features in HN-ClO and HN-ClO-F. Due to the strong charge coupling caused by the planar structure, the fluorescence of HN-ClO-F could occur. Furthermore, the weak fluorescence of HN-ClO is caused by inter-system crossing (ISC) between S1 and T1 state. Our result proves that the ICT process could exist in HN-ClO-F, but the PICT process does not cause fluorescence quenching, which have provided an excellent supplement to the mechanism of fluorescent probes. The conclusion is consistent with the fluorescence phenomenon observed in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhan
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
| | - Yaping Tao
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471022, PR China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Xu Fei
- Lab Analyst of Network Information Center, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China
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van Leeuwen ALI, Borgdorff MP, Dekker NAM, van den Brom CE. Therapeutically Targeting Microvascular Leakage in Experimental Hemorrhagic SHOCK: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Shock 2021; 56:890-900. [PMID: 33927137 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular leakage is proposed as main contributor to disturbed microcirculatory perfusion following hemorrhagic shock and fluid resuscitation, leading to organ dysfunction and unfavorable outcome. Currently, no drugs are available to reduce or prevent microvascular leakage in clinical practice. We therefore aimed to provide an overview of therapeutic agents targeting microvascular leakage following experimental hemorrhagic shock and fluid resuscitation. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE.com, and Cochrane Library were searched in January 2021 for preclinical studies of hemorrhagic shock using any therapeutic agent on top of standard fluid resuscitation. Primary outcome was vascular leakage, defined as edema, macromolecule extravasation, or glycocalyx degradation. Drugs were classified by targeting pathways and subgroup analyses were performed per organ. RESULTS Forty-five studies, published between 1973 and 2020, fulfilled eligibility criteria. The included studies tested 54 different therapeutics mainly in pulmonary and intestinal vascular beds. Most studies induced trauma besides hemorrhagic shock. Forty-four therapeutics (81%) were found effective to reduce microvascular leakage, edema formation, or glycocalyx degradation in at least one organ. Targeting oxidative stress and apoptosis was the predominantly effective strategy (SMD: -2.18, CI [-3.21, -1.16], P < 0.0001). Vasoactive agents were found noneffective in reducing microvascular leakage (SMD: -0.86, CI [-3.07, 1.36], P = 0.45). CONCLUSION Pharmacological modulation of pathways involved in cell metabolism, inflammation, endothelial barrier regulation, sex hormones and especially oxidative stress and apoptosis were effective in reducing microvascular leakage in experimental hemorrhagic shock with fluid resuscitation. Future studies should investigate whether targeting these pathways can restore microcirculatory perfusion and reduce organ injury following hemorrhagic shock. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018095432.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoek L I van Leeuwen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke P Borgdorff
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole A M Dekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charissa E van den Brom
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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de Holanda GS, dos Santos Valença S, Carra AM, Lichtenberger RCL, de Castilho B, Franco OB, de Moraes JA, Schanaider A. Translational Application of Fluorescent Molecular Probes for the Detection of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Associated with Intestinal Reperfusion Injury. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120802. [PMID: 34940560 PMCID: PMC8705498 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute mesenteric ischemia, caused by an abrupt interruption of blood flow in the mesenteric vessels, is associated with high mortality. When treated with surgical interventions or drugs to re-open the vascular lumen, the reperfusion process itself can inflict damage to the intestinal wall. Ischemia and reperfusion injury comprise complex mechanisms involving disarrangement of the splanchnic microcirculatory flow and impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain due to initial hypoxemia and subsequent oxidative stress during the reperfusion phase. This pathophysiologic process results in the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species, which damage deoxyribonucleic acid, protein, lipids, and carbohydrates by autophagy, mitoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and apoptosis. Fluorescence-based systems using molecular probes have emerged as highly effective tools to monitor the concentrations and locations of these often short-lived ROS and RNS. The timely and accurate detection of both ROS and RNS by such an approach would help to identify early injury events associated with ischemia and reperfusion and increase overall clinical diagnostic sensitivity. This abstract describes the pathophysiology of intestinal ischemia and reperfusion and the early biological laboratory diagnosis using fluorescent molecular probes anticipating clinical decisions in the face of an extremely morbid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Sampaio de Holanda
- Centre of Experimental Surgery, Post Graduate Program in Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 219491-590, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (R.C.L.L.); (B.d.C.); (O.B.F.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-9657-13794
| | - Samuel dos Santos Valença
- Redox Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil; (S.d.S.V.); (J.A.d.M.)
| | - Amabile Maran Carra
- Centre of Experimental Surgery, Post Graduate Program in Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 219491-590, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (R.C.L.L.); (B.d.C.); (O.B.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Renata Cristina Lopes Lichtenberger
- Centre of Experimental Surgery, Post Graduate Program in Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 219491-590, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (R.C.L.L.); (B.d.C.); (O.B.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Bianca de Castilho
- Centre of Experimental Surgery, Post Graduate Program in Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 219491-590, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (R.C.L.L.); (B.d.C.); (O.B.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Olavo Borges Franco
- Centre of Experimental Surgery, Post Graduate Program in Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 219491-590, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (R.C.L.L.); (B.d.C.); (O.B.F.); (A.S.)
| | - João Alfredo de Moraes
- Redox Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil; (S.d.S.V.); (J.A.d.M.)
| | - Alberto Schanaider
- Centre of Experimental Surgery, Post Graduate Program in Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 219491-590, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (R.C.L.L.); (B.d.C.); (O.B.F.); (A.S.)
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Belcher DA, Williams AT, Palmer AF, Cabrales P. Polymerized albumin restores impaired hemodynamics in endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10834. [PMID: 34035380 PMCID: PMC8149844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90431-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid resuscitation following severe inflammation-induced hypoperfusion is critical for the restoration of hemodynamics and the prevention of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome during septic shock. Fluid resuscitation with commercially available crystalloid and colloid solutions only provides transient benefits, followed by fluid extravasation and tissue edema through the inflamed endothelium. The increased molecular weight (M.W.) of polymerized human serum albumin (PolyHSA) can limit fluid extravasation, leading to restoration of hemodynamics. In this prospective study, we evaluated how fluid resuscitation with PolyHSA impacts the hemodynamic and immune response in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced endotoxemia mouse model. Additionally, we evaluated fluid resuscitation with PolyHSA in a model of polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Resuscitation with PolyHSA attenuated the immune response and improved the maintenance of systemic hemodynamics and restoration of microcirculatory hemodynamics. This decrease in inflammatory immune response and maintenance of vascular wall shear stress likely contributes to the maintenance of vascular integrity following fluid resuscitation with PolyHSA. The sustained restoration of perfusion, decrease in pro-inflammatory immune response, and improved vascular integrity that results from the high M.W. of PolyHSA indicates that a PolyHSA based solution is a potential resuscitation fluid for endotoxic and septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Belcher
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alexander T Williams
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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The protective role of estrogen on endothelial and glycocalyx barriers after shock conditions: A microfluidic study. Surgery 2020; 169:678-685. [PMID: 32988619 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dimorphism has been demonstrated after major trauma and hemorrhage shock with protective effects related to female sex or estrogen. Traumatic endotheliopathy is an important component of trauma-induced coagulopathy. Components of endothelial barrier dysfunction include degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx and endothelial cellular injury. Estrogen modulates endothelial function via its membrane and cellular receptors. The effects of estrogen on the vascular endothelial barrier after trauma and hemorrhage shock are, however, unknown. This topic was studied in an in vitro model under flow conditions. METHODS Monolayers of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were established in microfluidic flow devices. After overnight perfusion, cell monolayers were subjected to normoxic or hypoxic perfusion and then treated with either estrogen (as estradiol), testosterone (as dihydrotestosterone), or media alone. Endothelial activation/injury was indexed by soluble thrombomodulin and glycocalyx degradation by syndecan-1 and hyaluronic acid shedding as well as measurement of the thickness of the glycocalyx layer. The coagulation phenotype of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells was indexed by the relative values of the activities of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Vascular endothelial growth factor was measured in cell culture supernatants using a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Treatment with estrogen but not testosterone mitigated the adverse effect of shock on endothelial and glycocalyx barrier properties. Our biomimetic model suggests a beneficial effect of estrogen administration after trauma and hemorrhage shock on the glycocalyx and endothelial barriers. CONCLUSION Early estrogen treatment after trauma and hemorrhage shock may be a useful adjunct to mitigating the development of traumatic endotheliopathy.
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Navati MS, Lucas A, Liong C, Barros M, Jayadeva JT, Friedman JM, Cabrales P. Reducing Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by the Targeted Delivery of Nitric Oxide from Magnetic-Field-Induced Localization of S-Nitrosothiol-Coated Paramagnetic Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2907-2919. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahantesh S. Navati
- Department of Albert Einstein College of Medicine Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Alfredo Lucas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Celine Liong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Marcelo Barros
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jyothishree Tholalu Jayadeva
- Department of Albert Einstein College of Medicine Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Joel M. Friedman
- Department of Albert Einstein College of Medicine Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Abstract
Vascular hyperpermeability is one of the known detrimental effects of hemorrhagic shock, which we continually try to understand, minimize, and reverse. Here, we describe induction of hemorrhagic shock in a rat and studying of its effects on vascular permeability, using intravital microscopy. In this protocol, hemorrhagic shock will be induced by withdrawing blood to reduce the mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 40 mmHg for 60 min followed by resuscitation for 60 min. To study the changes in vascular permeability following hemorrhagic shock, the rats will be given FITC-albumin, a fluorescent tracer, intravenously. Following this, the FITC-albumin flux across the vessel will be measured in mesenteric postcapillary venules by determining fluorescent intensity intravascularly and extravascularly under intravital microscopy.
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Abstract
The microvasculature plays a central role in the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock and is also involved in arguably all therapeutic attempts to reverse or minimize the adverse consequences of shock. Microvascular studies specific to hemorrhagic shock were reviewed and broadly grouped depending on whether data were obtained on animal or human subjects. Dedicated sections were assigned to microcirculatory changes in specific organs, and major categories of pathophysiological alterations and mechanisms such as oxygen distribution, ischemia, inflammation, glycocalyx changes, vasomotion, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulopathy as well as biomarkers and some therapeutic strategies. Innovative experimental methods were also reviewed for quantitative microcirculatory assessment as it pertains to changes during hemorrhagic shock. The text and figures include representative quantitative microvascular data obtained in various organs and tissues such as skin, muscle, lung, liver, brain, heart, kidney, pancreas, intestines, and mesentery from various species including mice, rats, hamsters, sheep, swine, bats, and humans. Based on reviewed findings, a new integrative conceptual model is presented that includes about 100 systemic and local factors linked to microvessels in hemorrhagic shock. The combination of systemic measures with the understanding of these processes at the microvascular level is fundamental to further develop targeted and personalized interventions that will reduce tissue injury, organ dysfunction, and ultimately mortality due to hemorrhagic shock. Published 2018. Compr Physiol 8:61-101, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Torres Filho
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
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Effect of RBC Transfusion on Sublingual Microcirculation in Hemorrhagic Shock Patients: A Pilot Study. Crit Care Med 2017; 45:e154-e160. [PMID: 27635767 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of RBC transfusion on microvascular perfusion are not well documented. We investigated the effect of RBC transfusion on sublingual microcirculation in hemorrhagic shock patients. DESIGN Prospective, preliminary observational study. SETTINGS A 28-bed, surgical ICU in a university hospital. PATIENTS Fifteen hemorrhagic shock patients requiring RBC transfusion. INTERVENTION Transfusion of one unit of RBCs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The sublingual microcirculation was assessed with a Sidestream Dark Field imaging device before and after RBC transfusion. After transfusion of one unit of RBC, hemoglobin concentration increased from 8.5 g/dL (7.6-9.5 g/dL) to 9.6 g/dL (9.1-10.3 g/dL) g/dL (p = 0.02) but no effect on macrocirculatory parameters (arterial pressure, cardiac index, heart rate, and pulse pressure variations) was observed. Transfusion of RBC significantly increased microcirculatory flow index (from 2.3 [1.6-2.5] to 2.7 [2.6-2.9]; p < 0.003), the proportion of perfused vessels (from 79% [57-88%] to 92% [88-97%]; p < 0.004), and the functional capillary density (from 21 [19-22] to 24 [22-26] mm/mm; p = 0.003). Transfusion of RBC significantly decreased the flow heterogeneity index (from 0.51 [0.34-0.62] to 0.16 [0.04-0.29]; p < 0.001). No correlations were observed between other macrovascular parameters and microvascular changes after transfusion. The change in microvascular perfusion after transfusion correlated negatively with baseline microvascular perfusion. CONCLUSIONS RBC transfusion improves sublingual microcirculation independently of macrocirculation and the hemoglobin level in hemorrhagic shock patients. The change in microvascular perfusion after transfusion correlated negatively with baseline microvascular perfusion. Evaluation of microcirculation perfusion is critical for optimization of microvascular perfusion and to define which patients can benefit from RBC transfusion during cardiovascular resuscitation.
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Cabrales P, Caroen S, Oronsky A, Carter C, Trepel J, Summers T, Reid T, Oronsky N, Lybeck M, Oronsky B. The macrophage stimulating anti-cancer agent, RRx-001, protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:575-582. [PMID: 28448172 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1324779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RRx-001, a clinical macrophage-stimulating anti-cancer agent that also produces nitric oxide (NO) was studied in a model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS The production of NO is dependent on the oxygen tension because nitric oxide synthases convert l-arginine to NO and l-citrulline in the presence of O2. Since the P450 enzymes, which metabolize nitrate esters such as nitroglycerin are dependent on oxygen, the generation of 'exogenous' NO is also sensitive to alterations in tissue PO2. I/R injury was studied in a hamster chamber window, with compression of the periphery of the window for 1 h to induce ischemia. Animals received RRx-001 (5 mg/kg) 24 h before ischemia and sodium nitrite (10 nmols/kg) was supplemented 10 min after the start of reperfusion. Vessel diameter, blood flow, adherent leukocytes, and functional capillary density were assessed by intravital microscopy at 0.5, 2, and 24 h following the release of the ischemia. RESULTS The results demonstrated that, compared to control, RRx-001 preconditioning increased blood flow and functional capillary density, and preserved tissue viability in the absence of side effects over a sustained time period. CONCLUSION Thus, RRx-001 may serve as a long-lived protective agent during postsurgical restoration of flow and other ischemia-reperfusion associated conditions, increasing blood flow and functional capillary density as well as preserving tissue viability in the absence of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cabrales
- a Department of Bioengineering , University of California San Diego (UCSD) , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | | | | | - Corey Carter
- d Walter Reed Military Medical Center , Murtha Cancer Center , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Jane Trepel
- e Moores Cancer Center , University of California San Diego (UCSD) , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Thomas Summers
- d Walter Reed Military Medical Center , Murtha Cancer Center , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Arnemann P, Seidel L, Ertmer C. Haemodynamic coherence - The relevance of fluid therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2016; 30:419-427. [PMID: 27931645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of fluid therapy is to improve the oxygenation of cells by improving the cardiac output, thus improving microcirculation by optimizing macrocirculation. This haemodynamic coherence is often altered in patients with haemorrhagic shock and sepsis. The loss of haemodynamic coherence is associated with adverse outcomes. It may be influenced by the mechanisms of the underlying disease and properties of different fluids used for resuscitation in these critically ill patients. Monitoring microcirculation and haemodynamic coherence may be an additional tool to predict the response to fluid administration. In addition, microcirculatory analysis may support the clinician in his decision to not administer fluids when microcirculatory blood flow is preserved. In future, the indication, guidance and termination of fluid therapy may be assessed by bedside microvascular analysis in combination with standard haemodynamic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Arnemann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Laura Seidel
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Christian Ertmer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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17
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Damestani Y, Galan-Hoffman DE, Ortiz D, Cabrales P, Aguilar G. Inflammatory response to implantation of transparent nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia using a dorsal window chamber model. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1757-1763. [PMID: 27133190 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The long-range goal of the windows to the brain (WttB) is to improve patient care by providing a technique for delivery and/or collection of light into/from the brain, on demand, over large areas, and on a chronically-recurring basis without the need for repeated craniotomies. To evaluate the potential of nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized-zirconia (nc-YSZ) cranial implant for optical therapy and imaging, in vivo biocompatibility was studied using the dorsal window chamber model in comparison with control (no implant) and commercially available cranial implant materials (PEEK and PEKK). The host tissue response to implant was characterized by using transillumination and fluorescent microscopy to measure leukocyte adhesion, blood vessel diameter, blood flow rate, and vascular permeability over two weeks. The results indicated the lack of inflammatory reaction of the host tissue to nc-YSZ at the microscopic level, suggesting that nc-YSZ is a good alternative material for cranial implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Damestani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel Ortiz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Guillermo Aguilar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
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Hsu Y, Tran M, Linninger AA. Dynamic regulation of aquaporin-4 water channels in neurological disorders. Croat Med J 2016; 56:401-21. [PMID: 26526878 PMCID: PMC4655926 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2015.56.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 water channels play a central role in brain water regulation in neurological disorders. Aquaporin-4 is abundantly expressed at the astroglial endfeet facing the cerebral vasculature and the pial membrane, and both its expression level and subcellular localization significantly influence brain water transport. However, measurements of aquaporin-4 levels in animal models of brain injury often report opposite trends of change at the injury core and the penumbra. Furthermore, aquaporin-4 channels play a beneficial role in brain water clearance in vasogenic edema, but a detrimental role in cytotoxic edema and exacerbate cell swelling. In light of current evidence, we still do not have a complete understanding of the role of aquaporin-4 in brain water transport. In this review, we propose that the regulatory mechanisms of aquaporin-4 at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels jointly regulate water permeability in the short and long time scale after injury. Furthermore, in order to understand why aquaporin-4 channels play opposing roles in cytotoxic and vasogenic edema, we discuss experimental evidence on the dynamically changing osmotic gradients between blood, extracellular space, and the cytosol during the formation of cytotoxic and vasogenic edema. We conclude with an emerging picture of the distinct osmotic environments in cytotoxic and vasogenic edema, and propose that the directions of aquaporin-4-mediated water clearance in these two types of edema are distinct. The difference in water clearance pathways may provide an explanation for the conflicting observations of the roles of aquaporin-4 in edema resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas A Linninger
- Andreas Linninger, 851 S Morgan St., SEO 218, MC 063, Chicago, IL 60607, USA,
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19
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Zhang R, Zhao J, Han G, Liu Z, Liu C, Zhang C, Liu B, Jiang C, Liu R, Zhao T, Han MY, Zhang Z. Real-Time Discrimination and Versatile Profiling of Spontaneous Reactive Oxygen Species in Living Organisms with a Single Fluorescent Probe. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3769-78. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Guangmei Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Cui Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bianhua Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Changlong Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Renyong Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Ming-Yong Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A-STAR, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,
Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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20
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Induced hypothermia during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock attenuates microvascular inflammation in the rat mesenteric microcirculation. Shock 2015; 42:518-24. [PMID: 25046540 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular inflammation occurs during resuscitation following hemorrhagic shock, causing multiple organ dysfunction and mortality. Preclinical evidence suggests that hypothermia may have some benefit in selected patients by decreasing this inflammation, but this effect has not been extensively studied. Intravital microscopy was used to visualize mesenteric venules of anesthetized rats in real time to evaluate leukocyte adherence and mast cell degranulation. Animals were randomly allocated to normotensive or hypotensive groups and further subdivided into hypothermic and normothermic resuscitation (n = 6 per group). Animals in the shock groups underwent mean arterial blood pressure reduction to 40 to 45 mmHg for 1 h via blood withdrawal. During the first 2 h following resuscitation by infusion of shed blood plus double that volume of normal saline, rectal temperature of the hypothermic groups was maintained at 32°C to 34°C, whereas the normothermic groups were maintained between 36°C to 38°C. The hypothermic group was then rewarmed for the final 2 h of resuscitation. Leukocyte adherence was significantly lower after 2 h of hypothermic resuscitation compared with normothermic resuscitation: (2.8 ± 0.8 vs. 8.3 ± 1.3 adherent leukocytes, P = 0.004). Following rewarming, leukocyte adherence remained significantly different between hypothermic and normothermic shock groups: (4.7 ± 1.2 vs. 9.5 ± 1.6 adherent leukocytes, P = 0.038). Mast cell degranulation index (MDI) was significantly decreased in the hypothermic (1.02 ± 0.04 MDI) versus normothermic (1.22 ± 0.07 MDI) shock groups (P = 0.038) after the experiment. Induced hypothermia during resuscitation following hemorrhagic shock attenuates microvascular inflammation in rat mesentery. Furthermore, this decrease in inflammation is carried over after rewarming takes place.
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21
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5-HT2a receptor antagonism reduces burn-induced macromolecular efflux in rats. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2015; 41:565-73. [PMID: 26038010 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-014-0486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major thermal injuries lead to a systemic inflammatory response with systemic capillary leakage and multiple organ dysfunction. This systemic inflammatory response is induced by a variety of immunmodulative molecules including TNFα and serotonin. Unspecific serotonin antagonism leads to reduced macromolecular efflux in rat mesenteries after burn plasma transfer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of specific 5-HT2a antagonism on early burn edema. METHODS Donor rats (DR) underwent thermal injury (100 °C water, 30% BSA, 12 s) for positive controls. For negative controls, DR underwent sham burn (37 °C water, 30% BSA, 12 s). DR plasma (harvested 4 h post-trauma) was transferred to healthy individuals for positive controls. Study rats received burn plasma (BP) and a Bolus injection of Ketanserin (Ket) (1 mg kg(-1) body weight). Negative controls underwent sham burn plasma infusion. Intravital microscopy was performed in mesenteric venules (0/60/120 min). Edema was assessed by FITC-albumin extravasation. Additionally, leukocyte rolling and sticking (cells mm(-2)) as well as microhemodynamic parameters were assessed. RESULTS Significant systemic capillary leakage was observed after BP transfer at 120 min and additional administration of Ket attenuated the postburn edema to sham burn levels. Ket also leads to significantly decreased leukocyte-endothelial interactions when compared to positive controls. CONCLUSION 5-HT2a antagonism reduces plasma extravasation after burn plasma transfer in healthy individuals. The influence of leukocyte-endothelial interactions on postburn edema remains unclear.
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Oniszczuk A, Oniszczuk T, Wójtowicz A, Wojtunik K, Kwaśniewska A, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. Radical scavenging activity of extruded corn gruels with addition of linden inflorescence. OPEN CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2015-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAntioxidant activity is one of the most desirable properties of natural compounds. Among these substances are phenolic compounds which exhibit excellent antiradical activity. The main aim of the present study was determination of the free radical scavenging activity of gruels with 5, 10 and 20% addition of linden inflorescence. The studies were based on two methods: TLC-bioautographic assay and spectrophotometric analysis using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical). The obtained results indicate that the radical scavenging properties of the extracts are positively correlated with the content of phenolic compounds in gruels and that a high-temperature extrusion process does not deactivate antioxidant polyphenolic compounds.
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Hernekamp F, Klein H, Schmidt K, Vogelpohl J, Kneser U, Kremer T. Microcirculatory Effects of Physostigmine on Experimental Burn Edema. J Burn Care Res 2015; 36:279-86. [DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0000000000000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Tharakan B, McNeal SI, Hunter FA, Sawant DA, Smythe WR, Childs EW. RECOMBINANT BCL-XL ATTENUATES VASCULAR HYPERPERMEABILITY IN A RAT MODEL OF HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1. [PMID: 27042339 PMCID: PMC4816600 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following hemorrhagic shock (HS), vascular hyperpermeability, that is, the leakage of fluid, nutrients and proteins into the extravascular space occurs primarily due to the disruption of the endothelial cell–cell adherens junctional complex. Studies from our laboratory demonstrate that activation of the mitochondria-mediated ‘intrinsic’ apoptotic signaling cascade has a significant role in modulating HS-induced hyperpermeability. Here we report the novel use of recombinant Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptotic protein, to control HS-induced vascular hyperpermeability. Our results corroborate involvement of vascular hyperpermeability and apoptotic signaling. HS (the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced to 40 mm Hg for 60 min followed by resuscitation to 90 mm Hg for 60 min) in rats resulted in vascular hyperpermeability as determined by intravital microscopy. Treatment of Bcl-xL (2.5 µg/ml of rat blood in non-lipid cationic polymer, i.v.) before, during and even after HS attenuated or reversed HS-induced vascular hyperpermeability significantly (P<0.05). Conversely, treatment using Bcl-xL inhibitors, 2-methoxy antimycin (2-OMeAA) and ABT 737, significantly increased vascular hyperpermeability compared with sham (P<0.05). Bcl-xL treatment also decreased the amount of fluid volume required to maintain a MAP of 90 mm Hg during resuscitation (P<0.05). HS resulted in an increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation, reduction of ΔΨm, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and significant activation of caspase-3 (P<0.05). All of these effects were significantly inhibited by Bcl-xL pre-treatment (P<0.05). Our results show that recombinant Bcl-xL is effective against HS-induced vascular hyperpermeability that appears to be mediated through the preservation of ΔΨm and subsequent prevention of caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Tharakan
- Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX. USA
| | - Sam I McNeal
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. USA
| | - Felicia A Hunter
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. USA
| | - Devendra A Sawant
- School of Anatomical Science, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV. USA
| | | | - Ed W Childs
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. USA
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Sawant DA, Wilson RL, Tharakan B, Stagg HW, Hunter FA, Childs EW. Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced microvascular endothelial cell hyperpermeability: role of intrinsic apoptotic signaling. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:971-80. [PMID: 25392259 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a pro-apoptotic cytokine, is involved in vascular hyperpermeability, tissue edema, and inflammation. We hypothesized that TNF-α induces microvascular hyperpermeability through the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. Rat lung microvascular endothelial cells grown on Transwell inserts, chamber slides, or dishes were treated with recombinant TNF-α (10 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of a caspase-3 inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK (100 μM). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-albumin (5 mg/ml) was used as a marker of monolayer permeability. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using dihydrorhodamine 123 and mitochondrial transmembrane potential using JC-1. The adherens junction integrity and actin cytoskeletal organization were studied using β-catenin immunofluorescence and rhodamine phalloidin, respectively. Caspase-3 activity was measured fluorometrically. The pretreatment with Z-DEVD-FMK (100 μM) attenuated TNF-α-induced (10 ng/ml) disruption of the adherens junctions, actin stress fiber formation, increased caspase-3 activity, and monolayer hyperpermeability (p < 0.05). TNF-α (10 ng/ml) treatment resulted in increased mitochondrial ROS formation and decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Intrinsic apoptotic signaling-mediated caspase-3 activation plays an important role in regulating TNF-α-induced endothelial cell hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra A Sawant
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
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Shen Q, Holloway N, Thimmesch A, Wood JG, Clancy RL, Pierce JD. Ubiquinol decreases hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation-induced microvascular inflammation in rat mesenteric microcirculation. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e12199. [PMID: 25413319 PMCID: PMC4255806 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is a leading cause of death in traumatic injury. Ischemia and hypoxia in HS and fluid resuscitation (FR) creates a condition that facilitates excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This is a major factor causing increased leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesive interactions and inflammation in the microcirculation resulting in reperfusion tissue injury. The aim of this study was to determine if ubiquinol (coenzyme Q10) decreases microvascular inflammation following HS and FR. Intravital microscopy was used to measure leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesive interactions in the rat mesentery following 1-h of HS and 2-h post FR with or without ubiquinol. Hemorrhagic shock was induced by removing ~ 40% of anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats' blood volume to maintain a mean arterial blood pressure <50 mmHg for 1 h. Ubiquinol (1 mg/100 g body weight) was infused intravascularly in the ubiquinol group immediately after 1-h HS. The FR protocol included replacement of the shed blood and Lactate Ringer's in both the control and ubiquinol groups. We found that leukocyte adherence (2.3 ± 2.0), mast cell degranulation (1.02 ± 0.01), and ROS levels (159 ± 35%) in the ubiquinol group were significantly reduced compared to the control group (10.8 ± 2.3, 1.36 ± 0.03, and 343 ± 47%, respectively). In addition, vascular permeability in the control group (0.54 ± 0.11) was significantly greater than the ubiquinol group (0.34 ± 0.04). In conclusion, ubiquinol attenuates HS and FR-induced microvascular inflammation. These results suggest that ubiquinol provides protection to mesenteric microcirculation through its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Shen
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA (Q.S., A.T., J.D.P.)
| | - Naomi Holloway
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA (N.H., J.G.W.)
| | - Amanda Thimmesch
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA (Q.S., A.T., J.D.P.)
| | - John G. Wood
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA (N.H., J.G.W.)
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA (J.G.W., R.L.C., J.D.P.)
| | - Richard L. Clancy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA (J.G.W., R.L.C., J.D.P.)
| | - Janet D. Pierce
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA (Q.S., A.T., J.D.P.)
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA (J.G.W., R.L.C., J.D.P.)
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Jian B, Yang S, Chaudry IH, Raju R. Resveratrol restores sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) expression after hemorrhagic injury in a rat model. Mol Med 2014; 20:10-6. [PMID: 24395567 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe hemorrhage leads to decreased blood flow to tissues resulting in decreased oxygen and nutrient availability affecting mitochondrial function. A mitoscriptome profiling study demonstrated alteration in several genes related to mitochondria, consistent with the mitochondrial functional decline observed after trauma hemorrhage (T-H). Our experiments led to the identification of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as a potential target in T-H. Administration of resveratrol (a naturally occurring polyphenol and activator of SIRT1) after T-H improved left ventricular function and tissue ATP levels. Our hypothesis was that mitochondrial function after T-H depends on SIRT1 activity. In this study, we evaluated the activity of SIRT1, a mitochondrial functional modulator, and the mitochondrial-glycolytic balance after T-H. We determined the changes in protein levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)-1 and nuclear c-Myc, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α and NF-E2-related factor (NRF)2 after T-H and after treatment with resveratrol or a combination of sirtinol (a SIRT1 inhibitor) and resveratrol. We have also tested the activity of mitochondrial complex 1. SIRT1 enzyme activity was significantly decreased after T-H, whereas resveratrol treatment restored the activity. We found elevated PDK1 and c-Myc levels and decreased PGC-1α, NRF2 and mitochondrial complex I activity after T-H. The reduced SIRT1 activity after T-H may be related to declining mitochondrial function, since resveratrol was able to reinstate SIRT1 activity and mitochondrial function. The elevated level of PDK1 (an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) after T-H indicates a possible shift in cellular energetics from mitochondria to glycolysis. In conclusion, SIRT1 modulation alters left ventricular function after T-H through regulation of cellular energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixi Jian
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Shaolong Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Irshad H Chaudry
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Raghavan Raju
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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Synergistic deleterious effect of hypoxemia and hypovolemia on microcirculation in intestinal villi*. Crit Care Med 2013; 41:e376-84. [PMID: 23963129 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318292388d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of hypoxemia, hemorrhagic shock, and the association of both of these on intestinal microcirculation (microcirculatory perfusion and leukocytes-endothelium interactions in postcapillary venules), as it can be encountered in hemorrhagic shock following trauma. DESIGN Prospective controlled experimental study. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Forty-eight anesthetized and mechanically ventilated Balb/c mice. INTERVENTION Mice were randomly assigned to hypoxemia group in which we decreased inspired oxygen fraction during 60 minutes to reach a PaO2 of 40 mm Hg, hemorrhagic shock group in which animals were exsanguinated to a mean arterial pressure level of 40 mm Hg during 30 minutes, hypoxemia-hemorrhagic shock group in which PaO2 was decreased to 40 mm Hg during 60 minutes with exsanguination from the 30th to the 60th minute to a mean arterial pressure level of 40 mm Hg; or control group. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Hypoxemia decreased RBCs velocity in intestinal villi but did not alter the fraction of perfused villi. Hypoxemia also triggered leukocytes adhesion to the venular endothelium. Hemorrhagic shock not only decreased RBCs velocity in villi but also slightly altered the fraction of perfused villi (94% ± 2% in hemorrhagic shock group vs 100% ± 0% in control group, p < 0.005). Furthermore, hemorrhagic shock triggered leukocytes adhesion to the venular endothelium to the same extent as hypoxemia. When hypoxemia was associated to hemorrhagic shock, it decreased villous RBCs velocity in an additive manner and the fraction of perfused villi dropped in a synergistic manner (69% ± 3% in hypoxemia-hemorrhagic shock group vs 94 ± 2 in hemorrhagic shock group, p < 0.005). The association of hypoxemia and hemorrhagic shock did not further amplify leukocytes adhesion to intestinal venules compared with either hypoxemia or hemorrhagic shock alone. CONCLUSIONS During hemorrhagic shock, the occurrence of hypoxemia considerably alters villous intestinal perfusion as it decreases the fraction of perfused villi in a synergistic manner, thereby increasing the risk of villous ischemia. The association of hypoxemia and hemorrhagic shock did not amplify leukocytes adhesion to the endothelium further than either hemorrhagic shock or hypoxemia alone did. As hypoxemia frequently occurs simultaneously with hemorrhagic shock in traumatic conditions, it can worsen gut ischemia leading to the exacerbation of multiple organ failure syndrome.
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Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of linden (Tilia platyphyllos L.) infusion against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats. J Membr Biol 2013; 247:181-8. [PMID: 24337514 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant role of infusion prepared from linden flowers (LF) against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. The hepatoprotective and antioxidant role of the plant's infusion against ethanol-induced oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring liver damage serum biomarkers, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, total albumin, and total cholesterol level; ADS such as GSH, GR, SOD, GST, CAT and GPx, and MDA contents in various tissues of rats. Rats were divided into four experimental groups: I (control), II (20 % ethanol), III (2 % LF), and IV (20 % ethanol + 2 % LF). According to the results, the level of serum marker enzymes, AST and LDH, was significantly increased in group alcohol and group LF as compared to control group, whereas decreased in group IV as compared to ethanol group. With regard to MDA content and ADS constituents, MDA contents of alcohol group in all tissues, except for erythrocytes and heart, and in brain, kidney, and spleen of LF group significantly increased compared to control group, whereas LF beverage extract supplementation did not restore the increased MDA towards close the control level. In addition, while ethanol caused fluctuation in antioxidant defense system constituents level as a result of oxidative stress condition in the rats, it could have not been determined the healing effects of the LF against these fluctuations. The results indicated that LF beverage extract could not be as important as diet-derived antioxidants in preventing oxidative damage in the tissues by reducing the lipid oxidation or inhibiting the production of ethanol-induced free radicals in rats.
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Jian B, Yang S, Chaudry IH, Raju R. Resveratrol improves cardiac contractility following trauma-hemorrhage by modulating Sirt1. Mol Med 2012; 18:209-14. [PMID: 22113495 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in metabolic homeostasis of a cell. Our recent studies, based on the reported interrelationship between c-Myc and Sirt1 (mammalian orthologue of yeast sir2 [silent information regulator 2]) expression and their role in mitochondrial biogenesis and function, demonstrated a significant downregulation of Sirt1 protein expression and an upregulation of c-Myc following trauma-hemorrhage (T-H). Activators of Sirt1 are known to improve mitochondrial function and the naturally occurring polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to significantly increase Sirt1 activity by increasing its affinity to both NAD+ and the acetylated substrate. In this study we tested the salutary effect of RSV following T-H and its influence on Sirt1 expression. Rats were subjected to T-H or sham operation. RSV (8 mg/kg body weight, intravenously) or vehicle was administered 10 min after the onset of resuscitation, and the rats were killed 2 h following resuscitation. Sirtinol, a Sirt1 inhibitor, was administered 5 min prior to RSV administration. Cardiac contractility (±dP/dt) was measured and heart tissue was tested for Sirt1, Pgc-1α, c-Myc, cytosolic cytochrome C expression and ATP level. Left ventricular function, after T-H, was improved (P < 0.05) following RSV treatment, with significantly elevated expression of Sirt1 (P < 0.05) and Pgc-1α (P < 0.05), and decreased c-Myc (P < 0.05). We also observed significantly higher cardiac ATP content, declined cytosolic cytochrome C and decreased plasma tumor necrosis factor-α in the T-H-RSV group. The salutary effect due to RSV was abolished by sirtinol, indicating a Sirt1-mediated effect. We conclude that RSV may be a useful adjunct to resuscitation fluid following T-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixi Jian
- Center for Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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High-dose vitamin C treatment reduces capillary leakage after burn plasma transfer in rats. J Burn Care Res 2011; 31:470-9. [PMID: 20354446 DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0b013e3181db5199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress after burn injuries leads to systemic capillary leakage and leukocyte activation. This study evaluates whether antioxidative treatment with high-dose vitamin C leads to burn edema reduction and prevention of leukocyte activation after burn plasma transfer. Donor rats underwent a burn (n = 7; 100 degrees C water, 12 seconds, 30% body surface area) or sham burn (37 degrees C water; n = 2) procedure and were killed after 4 hours for plasma harvest. This plasma was administered to study rats (continuous infusion). Rats were randomized to four groups (n = 8 each; burn plasma alone [BP]; burn plasma/vitamin C-bolus 66 mg/kg and maintenance dose 33 mg/kg/hr [VC66]; burn plasma/vitamin C-bolus 33 mg/kg and maintenance dose 17.5 mg/kg/hr [VC33]; and sham burn plasma [SB]). Intravital fluorescence microscopy in the mesentery was performed at 0, 60, and 120 minutes for microhemodynamic parameters, leukocyte adherence, and fluorescein isothiocyanate-albumin extravasation. No differences were observed in microhemodynamics at any time. Burn plasma induced capillary leakage, which was significantly higher compared with sham burn controls (P < .001). VC66 treatment reduced microvascular barrier dysfunction to sham burn levels, whereas VC33 had no significant effect. Leukocyte sticking increased after burn plasma infusion, which was not found for sham burn. Vitamin C treatment did not influence leukocyte activation (P > .05). Burn plasma transfer leads to systemic capillary leakage. High-dose vitamin C treatment (bolus 66 mg/kg and maintenance dose 33 mg/kg/hr) reduces endothelial damage to sham burn levels, whereas half the dose is inefficient. Leukocyte activation is not influenced by antioxidative treatment. Therefore, capillary leakage seems to be independent from leukocyte-endothelial interactions after burn plasma transfer. High-dose vitamin C should be considered for parenteral treatment in every burn patient.
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17beta-estradiol mediated protection against vascular leak after hemorrhagic shock: role of estrogen receptors and apoptotic signaling. Shock 2011; 34:229-35. [PMID: 20160663 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181d75b50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular hyperpermeability is a clinical complication associated with hemorrhagic shock (HS) and occurs mainly because of the disruption of the adherens junctional complex. The objective of this study was to understand the role of 17beta-estradiol in HS-induced hyperpermeability particularly focusing on estrogen receptors. In male Sprague-Dawley rats, HS was induced by withdrawing blood to reduce the mean arterial pressure to 40 mmHg for 1 hour followed by 1 hour of resuscitation to 90 mmHg. The study groups were 17beta-estradiol, tamoxifen, fulvestrant plus 17beta-estradiol, propyl pyrazole triol plus 17beta-estradiol, and diarylpropionitrile plus 17beta-estradiol. Intravital microscopy was used to study changes in mesenteric postcapillary venules. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation was studied in vivo using dihydrorhodamine 123. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was studied using the fluorescent cationic probe 5,5',6,6'tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'tetraethylbenzimidazolyl carbocyanine iodide (JC-1). The mesenteric microvasculature was analyzed for cytochrome c levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and caspase-3 activity by a fluorometric assay. Our results demonstrated that 17beta-estradiol attenuated HS-induced hyperpermeability. Fulvestrant reversed this protective effect (P < 0.05). Tamoxifen 5 mg/kg attenuated HS-induced hyperpermeability, whereas 10 mg/kg induced permeability (P < 0.05). Both alpha and beta estrogen receptor agonists inhibited HS-induced hyperpermeability (P < 0.05). 17beta-Estradiol decreased HS-induced reactive oxygen species formation and restored mitochondrial transmembrane potential. 17beta-Estradiol decreased both cytosolic cytochrome c level and activation of caspase-3 (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that 17beta-estradiol protects the microvasculature after HS, and that this protection may be mediated through the alpha and beta estrogen receptors.
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Rons formation under restrictive reperfusion does not affect organ dysfunction early after hemorrhage and trauma. Shock 2010; 34:384-9. [PMID: 20844412 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181d8e578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the pathophysiology of early reperfusion. We aimed to determine 1) reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) formation in organs of rats and 2) its pathophysiological relevance during a phase of restrictive reperfusion after hemorrhagic/traumatic shock (HTS). Fifty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a clinically relevant HTS model, featuring laparotomy, bleeding, and a phase of restrictive reperfusion. The RONS scavenger 1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine hydrochloride (continuous i.v. infusion) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy were applied for RONS (primarily superoxide and peroxynitrite) detection. Compared with sham-operated animals, the organ-specific distribution of RONS changed during restrictive reperfusion after HTS. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formation increased during restrictive reperfusion in red blood cells and ileum only but decreased in the kidney and remained unchanged in other organs. Hemorrhagic traumatic shock followed by restrictive reperfusion resulted in metabolic acidosis, dysfunction of liver and kidney, and increased oxidative burst capacity in circulating cells. Plasma RONS correlated with shock severity and organ dysfunction. However, RONS scavenging neither affected organ dysfunction nor oxidative burst capacity nor myeloperoxidase activity in lung when compared with the shock controls. In summary, a phase of restrictive reperfusion does not increase RONS formation in most organs except in intestine and red blood cells. Moreover, scavenging of RONS does not affect the early organ dysfunction manifested at the end of a phase of restrictive reperfusion.
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Cabrales P, Han G, Roche C, Nacharaju P, Friedman AJ, Friedman JM. Sustained release nitric oxide from long-lived circulating nanoparticles. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:530-8. [PMID: 20460149 PMCID: PMC2903640 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The current limitations of nitric oxide (NO) delivery systems have stimulated an extraordinary interest in the development of compounds that generate NO in a controlled and sustained manner with a heavy emphasis on the treatment of cardiovascular disease states. This work describes the positive physiological response to the infusion of NO-releasing nanoparticles prepared using a new platform based on hydrogel/glass hybrid nanoparticles. When exposed to moisture, these nanoparticles slowly release therapeutic levels of NO, previously generated through thermal reduction of nitrite to NO trapped within the dry particles. The controlled and sustained release of NO observed from these nanoparticles (NO-np) is regulated by its hydration over extended periods of time. In a dose-dependent manner, circulating NO-np both decreased mean arterial blood pressure and increased exhaled concentrations of NO over a period of several hours. Circulating NO-np induced vasodilatation and increased microvascular perfusion during their several hour circulation lifetime. Control nanoparticles (control-np; without nitrite) did not induce changes in arterial pressure, although a decrease in the number of capillaries perfused and an increase in leukocyte rolling and immobilization in the microcirculation were observed. The NO released by the NO-np prevents the inflammatory response observed after infusion of control-np. These data suggest that NO release from NO-np is advantageous relative to other NO-releasing compounds, because it does not depend on chemical decomposition or enzymatic catalysis; it is only determined by the rate of hydration. Based on the observed physiological properties, NO-np has clear potential as a therapeutic agent and as a research tool to increase our understanding of NO signaling mechanisms within the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Tharakan B, Hunter FA, Smythe WR, Childs EW. Curcumin inhibits reactive oxygen species formation and vascular hyperpermeability following haemorrhagic shock. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:939-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Liang L, Xu G, Zhang Y, Chen W, Li J, Liang T. Resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch solution prevents bone marrow mononuclear apoptosis in a rat trauma-hemorrhagic shock model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 68:655-61. [PMID: 20009776 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e3181a8b286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND : Trauma-hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) has been associated with multiorgan dysfunction, including bone marrow failure. This study examined apoptosis and morphologic alterations in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) with different volume therapies after T/HS. METHODS : T/HS was induced in groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats through a fracture of the left femur and continual bleeding for 30 minutes, followed by resuscitation with Ringer's lactate solution (RL), 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution (HES), or 5% albumin (ALB). Mean arterial blood pressure was monitored during the T/HS and resuscitation, and the impacts of various resuscitative fluids on apoptosis and morphology of BMMNCs at 24 hours and 48 hours after resuscitation were examined using flow cytometry, transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS : Fluctuations in mean arterial blood pressure were homogenous among the three treatment groups. The percentage of early BMMNC apoptosis increased significantly at 24 hours and 48 hours (24.65% +/- 5.41% and 29.09% +/- 2.07%, respectively; p < 0.05), and the percentage of late BMMNC apoptosis increased to 13.43% +/- 2.82% (p < 0.05) at 48 hours in the T/HS + RL group. In contrast, resuscitation with HES alone dramatically attenuated the apoptosis. Resuscitation with ALB alleviated BMMNC apoptosis, except for late apoptosis at 48 hours. A greater number of apoptotic BMMNCs as well as morphologic alterations were shown using the transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay and hematoxylin and eosin stain in the T/HS + RL group than in the HES or ALB groups. CONCLUSION : Intravascular volume replacement with HES showed prevention of BMMNC apoptosis at first 48 hours after T/HS compared with RL and ALB. These findings provide new insights into the intervention mechanism of HES on T/HS-related multiorgan dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Key Laboratory of Multi-Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
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Tharakan B, Whaley JG, Hunter FA, Smythe WR, Childs EW. (-)-Deprenyl inhibits vascular hyperpermeability after hemorrhagic shock. Shock 2010; 33:56-63. [PMID: 19373132 PMCID: PMC2850214 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181a7fb7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrated the involvement of endothelial cell reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and activation of apoptotic signaling in vascular hyperpermeability after hemorrhagic shock (HS). The objective of this study was to determine if (-)-deprenyl, an antioxidant with antiapoptotic properties, would attenuate HS-induced vascular hyperpermeability. In rats, HS was induced by withdrawing blood to reduce the MAP to 40 mmHg for 60 min followed by resuscitation for 60 min. To study hyperpermeability, we injected the rats with fluorescein isothiocyanate--albumin (50 mg/kg), and the changes in integrated optical intensity of the mesenteric postcapillary venules were obtained intravascularly and extravascularly using intravital microscopy. Mitochondrial ROS formation and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsim) were studied using dihydrorhodamine 123 and JC-1, respectively. Mitochondrial release of cytochrome c was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and caspase-3 activity by a fluorometric assay. Parallel studies were performed in rat lung microvascular endothelial cells using proapoptotic BAK as inducer of hyperpermeability. Hemorrhagic shock induced vascular hyperpermeability, mitochondrial ROS formation, DeltaPsim decrease, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation (P G 0.05). (-)-Deprenyl (0.15 mg/kg) attenuated all these effects (P < 0.05). Similarly in rat lung microvascular endothelial cells, (-)-deprenyl attenuated BAK peptide-induced monolayer hyperpermeability (P < 0.05), ROS formation, DeltaPsim decrease, cytochrome c release (P<0.05), and caspase-3 activation (P < 0.05). The protective effects of (-)-deprenyl on vascular barrier functions may be due to its protective effects on DeltaPsim, thereby preventing mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and caspase-3--mediated disruption of endothelial adherens junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Tharakan
- Department of Surgery, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine and Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas, USA
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Bbeta15-42 (FX06) reduces pulmonary, myocardial, liver, and small intestine damage in a pig model of hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:598-605. [PMID: 19114899 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181959a12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The fibrin-derived peptide Bbeta15-42 (also called FX06) has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size following ischemia/reperfusion. Hemorrhagic shock (HS) followed by volume resuscitation represents a similar scenario, whereby a whole organism is vulnerable to reperfusion injury. DESIGN We subjected male farm-bred landrace pigs ( approximately 30 kg) to HS by withdrawing blood to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg for 60 minutes. Pigs were then resuscitated with shed blood and crystalloids for 60 minutes, and at this time, FX06 (2.4 mg/kg, n = 8) or vehicle control (phosphate buffered saline; 2.4 mg/kg, n = 7) was injected as an intravenous bolus. SETTING University hospital laboratory. SUBJECTS Anesthetized male farm-bred landrace pigs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Data are presented as mean +/- sd. Five hours after resuscitation, controls presented acute lung injury (Pao2/Fio2-ratio <300 mm Hg; extra-vascular lung water index (marker for lung injury): 9.0 +/- 1.8 mL/kg) and myocardial dysfunction/damage (cardiac index: 4.3 +/- 0.25 L/min/m; stroke volume index: 30 +/- 6 mL/m; cardiac TnT levels: 0.58 +/- 0.25 ng/mL). In contrast, FX06-treated animals showed significantly improved pulmonary and circulatory function (Pao2/Fio2-ratio >*400 mm Hg; extra-vascular lung water index: *5.2 +/- 2.1 mL/kg, cardiac index: *6.3 +/- 1.4 L/min/m; stroke volume index: *51 +/- 11 mL/m; cardiac TnT levels: *0.11 +/- 0.09 ng/mL; *p < 0.05). Also, tissue oxygenation (tpO2; mm Hg) was significantly improved during reperfusion in FX06-treated pigs when compared with controls (liver 51 +/- 4 vs. *65 +/- 4; serosa 44 +/- 5 vs. *55 +/- 7; mucosa 14 +/- 4 vs. *26 +/- 4). Finally, FX06 reduced accumulation of myeloperoxidase-positive cells (mainly neutrophils) in myocardium, liver, and small intestine and reduced interleukin-6 plasma levels (*p < 0.05; compared with controls). CONCLUSION We conclude that in a pig model of HS and reperfusion, administration of FX06 during reperfusion protects shock- susceptible organs such as heart, lung, liver, and small intestine.
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Resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch solution prevents CD4+ T-lymphocyte apoptosis and modulates the balance of T helper type 1 and T helper type 2 responses in the rat with traumatic virgule/shill hemorrhagic shock. Shock 2009; 30:692-8. [PMID: 18461021 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31816f260d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trauma/hemorrhagic shock (TH/S) has been associated with inflammation and immunodisorders, leading to immunosuppression, multiorgan dysfunction, and death. However, little is known about the effect of resuscitation with different solutions on the immunological function. To address this issue, groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with TH/S by fracture in the left femur and continual bleeding to keep the MAP of 30 +/- 5 mmHg for 30 min, followed by resuscitation with 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution (HES), Ringer's lactate solution (RS), or 5% albumin (ALB), and the impact of resuscitation on the activation, differentiation, and survival of CD4 T cells was longitudinally examined after TH/S and resuscitation. After resuscitation, the MAP, as expected, gradually increased regardless of the type of fluids transfused. The percentage of CD4+ T cells decreased to 20% to 25%, and the ratio of T helper type 1 (TH1)/TH2 responses was significantly reduced in all TH/S rats, however, resuscitation with HES alone reversed the trends (49.4% +/- 9.7% vs. 55.2% +/- 2.6% in sham for CD4 T cells; 0.64 +/- 0.23 vs. 0.71 +/- 0.16 in sham for the ratio of TH1/TH2, P > 0.05 for both). Treatment with HES or ALB, but not RS, prevented CD4 T-cell apoptosis (sham, 7.23% +/- 3.4%; HES, 10.2% +/- 4.1%; RS, 15.2% +/- 5.4%; ALB, 10.6% +/- 4.3%; 48 h) and nuclear factor-kappaB p65 activation (sham, 0.17 +/- 0.04; HES, 0.34 +/- 0.05; RS, 0.41 +/- 0.09; ALB, 0.25 +/- 0.09; 48 h) induced by TH/S early after resuscitation. These data demonstrated that HES resuscitation modulated the balance of TH1 and TH2 responses and inhibited TH/S-related nuclear factor-kappaB activation and CD4 T-cell apoptosis in TH/S rats. Our findings provide new insights into understanding the TH/S-related immunodisorders and may aid in the design of new therapy for intervention of TH/S.
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Hiratsuka M, Katayama T, Uematsu K, Kiyomura M, Ito M. In vivo visualization of nitric oxide and interactions among platelets, leukocytes, and endothelium following hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion. Inflamm Res 2009; 58:463-71. [PMID: 19262990 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined changes in nitric oxide (NO) distribution in the mesenteric microcirculation after hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion (H/R), and correlated NO production to leukocyte and platelet behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS The behavior of leukocytes and platelets in mesenteric venules was observed by intravital microscopy at 0.5 and 24 h after H/R in male Wistar rats. Transvascular leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled albumin was assessed by epi-illumination. The NO-sensitive dye, 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate, was used for imaging NO release. RESULTS H/R significantly increased vascular albumin leakage and adhesion of leukocytes and platelets (P < 0.05). In H/R 0.5 h rats, NO production in the venular endothelium declined. However, NO production was elevated in H/R 24 h rats in mast cells (P < 0.05). Leukocyte adherence, platelet adherence, and venular permeability were attenuated by iNOS inhibition. CONCLUSION Mesenteric endothelial cell dysfunction after H/R 0.5 h is associated with reduced NO, whereas after H/R 24 h is related to increase NO in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Hiratsuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Tharakan B, Corprew R, Hunter FA, Whaley JG, Smythe WR, Childs EW. 17beta-estradiol mediates protection against microvascular endothelial cell hyperpermeability. Am J Surg 2009; 197:147-54. [PMID: 19185107 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated the involvement of "intrinsic" mitochondrial apoptotic signaling in vascular hyperpermeability. The objective of this study was to determine if 17beta-estradiol, a known inhibitor of apoptosis, would attenuate microvascular endothelial cell hyperpermeability. METHODS Rat lung microvascular endothelial cell monolayers were treated with 17beta-estradiol or estrogen-receptor antagonist ICI 182780 after transfection with BAK peptide (5 microg/mL). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-albumin was used to determine the change in permeability. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and transmembrane potential were determined using 123 dihydrorhodamine and JC-1, respectively. Cytosolic cytochrome c levels and caspase-3 activity were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorometric assay respectively. RESULTS 17beta-estradiol (10 nm) attenuated BAK-induced hyperpermeability (P < .05), ROS formation, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation. The estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182780 blocked the protective effect of 17beta-estradiol on hyperpermeability (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS 17beta-estradiol attenuates BAK-induced hyperpermeability in rat lung microvascular endothelial cells by way of an estrogen-receptor mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Tharakan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
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Wang P, Li Y, Li J. Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 prevents the early pulmonary inflammatory response and oxidative stress after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:347-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Revised: 12/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang P, Li Y, Li J. Protective Roles of Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 in Intestinal Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress After Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation in Rats. Inflammation 2009; 32:71-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-009-9105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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α-LIPOIC ACID ATTENUATES HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK-INDUCED APOPTOTIC SIGNALING AND VASCULAR HYPERPERMEABILITY. Shock 2008; 30:571-7. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31816a7308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Aminin D, Agafonova I, Kalinin V, Silchenko A, Avilov S, Stonik V, Collin P, Woodward C. Immunomodulatory Properties of Frondoside A, a Major Triterpene Glycoside from the North Atlantic Commercially Harvested Sea Cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. J Med Food 2008; 11:443-53. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D.L. Aminin
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - I.G. Agafonova
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - V.I. Kalinin
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - A.S. Silchenko
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - S.A. Avilov
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - V.A. Stonik
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
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Pivotal role of glutathione depletion in plasma-induced endothelial oxidative stress during sepsis. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:2328-34. [PMID: 18664787 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181800387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma from septic shock patients can induce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. How endothelial cells defend themselves against ROS under increased oxidative stress has not yet been examined. This study investigates the antioxidant defenses of HUVEC exposed to plasma obtained from either septic shock patients or healthy volunteers. DESIGN Prospective, observational study. SETTING Medical intensive care unit in a university hospital. PATIENTS Twenty-five patients with septic shock and 10 healthy volunteers. INTERVENTIONS Blood samples were collected within the first 24 hrs of septic shock. In vitro HUVEC production of ROS was studied by spectrofluorimetry using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescent dye. Reactive nitrogen species were also assessed. Intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured using monochlorobimane fluorescent dye. Activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in HUVEC were also measured. Cell death was assessed using YOPRO fluorescent dye and the MTT assay. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS On admission, the septic shock population's mean age was 55 yrs old, the mean Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was 12, mean simplified acute physiology score was 50, and intensive care unit mortality rate was 45%. Evaluation of HUVEC antioxidant defenses showed a significantly decreased GSH level, increased catalase activity, and unchanged superoxide dismutase activity. ROS levels and cell death were significantly reduced when cells were pretreated with N-acetylcysteine or GSH, but no changes in reactive nitrogen species were observed. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that plasma-induced ROS production by HUVEC is associated with an intracellular decrease in reduced GSH. Both ROS levels and cell death decreased when N-acetylcysteine or GSH were added before exposing the cells to plasma. These data suggest a pivotal role of alterations in GSH in damage caused by sepsis-generated ROS in endothelial cell.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced metabolic activity improves outcome in many clinical and experimental models of injury and diseases that result in insufficient blood supply. Recently, we demonstrated that inhaled hydrogen sulfide gas can be used to reversibly reduce metabolic activity in mice. We hypothesize that hydrogen sulfide will confer benefit in injuries and diseases related to insufficient blood supply. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to controlled hemorrhage to remove 60% of total blood. Hydrogen sulfide was administered to rats either via airway as gas, or intravenous infusion as liquid. Outcome was assayed by survival. RESULTS Using inhaled hydrogen sulfide gas, 75% of treated and 23% of untreated rats survived longer than 24 hours. Using intravenous administered sulfide, 67% of treated and 14% of untreated rats survived longer than 24 hours. Using log-rank analysis, p < 0.001. Surviving rats showed no functional or behavioral abnormalities. Blood chemistry analysis at the end of hemorrhage showed minor but significant differences between treated and control animals. Respirometry results show that hydrogen sulfide stabilized metabolic output during and after hemorrhage. CONCLUSION These data indicate that sulfide can protect rats from lethal hemorrhage. Future studies are needed to analyze the mechanism of benefit as well as whether sulfide is beneficial in other models of human injury and disease.
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Mitochondrial complex III is involved in proapoptotic BAK-induced microvascular endothelial cell hyperpermeability. Shock 2008; 29:636-41. [PMID: 18414238 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e318157f524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic cascade is activated in vascular hyperpermeability after conditions such as hemorrhagic shock. Studies from our laboratory demonstrated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in endothelial cells during vascular hyperpermeability. We hypothesized that the participation of mitochondrial ROS in the intrinsic apoptotic cascade results in microvascular endothelial cell hyperpermeability. The purpose of this study was to identify the site(s) of ROS formation in the mitochondrial complex(es) that leads to hyperpermeability. Rat lung microvascular endothelial cell monolayers were pretreated with inhibitors of the complex(es) (I-V) before the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic cascade using the proapoptotic peptide BAK (BH3). Inhibitors of the xanthine oxidase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) oxidase, NOS, and cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase were also studied. The hyperpermeability was determined by the fluorescence of fluorescein isothiocyanate-albumin that leaked across endothelial cells and ROS production by 2',7& rime;-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Cytochrome c levels were also measured. BAK (BH3)-transfected cells showed increased ROS, cytosolic cytochrome c, and hyperpermeability (P<0.05). Complex III inhibitors antimycin A (10 microM) and stigmatellin (10 microM) attenuated BAK (BH3)-mediated ROS formation and hyperpermeability (P<0.05). The complex III inhibition decreased BAK (BH3)-mediated cytochrome c release. The results suggest that mitochondrial ROS formation, particularly at respiratory chain complex III, is involved in BAK-induced monolayer hyperpermeability.
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