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Dash S, Majood M, Meena R, Mukherjee M, Dinda AK, Kuanr BK, Mohanty S. Biocompatible polymer-coated magneto-fluorescent super nanoparticles for the homing of mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132794. [PMID: 38834114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell plays an important role in the clinical field. However, the effective delivery of stem cells to the targeted site relies on the efficient homing of the cells to the site of injury. In view of that, fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles stick out due to their wide range of enabling functions including cellular homing and tracking. The present study unravels the synthesis of polymer-coated biocompatible and fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) by a single-step hydrothermal synthesis method. Importantly, the facile method developed the biological super nanoparticles consisting of the magnetic core, which is surrounded by the fluorescent nanodot-decorated polymeric shell. The synthesized particles showed an amorphous nature, and superparamagnetic properties, with efficient fluorescence properties of emission at the blue range (̴ 410 nm). The FMNP labeling showed the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) homing to the desired site in the presence of an external magnetic field. The in-house synthesized nanoparticles showed significant cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility in vitro as well as in vivo conditions owing to their surface coating. This unprecedented work advances the efficient internalization of FMNPs in MSCs and their enhanced migration potential provides a breakthrough in stem cell delivery for therapeutic applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The bi-modal fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles hold a promising role in the biomedical field for mesenchymal stem cell homing and tracking. Hence, in this study, for the first time, we have synthesized the fluorescent magnetic nanoparticle with polymer coating via an easy single-step method. The nanoparticle with a polymer coat enhanced the biocompatibility and effortless internalization of the nanoparticle into mesenchymal stem cells without hampering the native stem cell properties. Furthermore, the enhanced migration potential of such magnetized stem cells and their homing at the target site by applying an external magnetic field opened up avenues for the smart delivery of mesenchymal stem cells at complex sites such as retina for the tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Dash
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Misba Majood
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, 201303 Noida, India
| | - Ravindra Meena
- Special Centre for Nano Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Monalisa Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, 201303 Noida, India
| | - Amit K Dinda
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Bijoy K Kuanr
- Special Centre for Nano Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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2
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Jalli R, Mehrabani D, Zare S, Saeedi Moghadam M, Jamhiri I, Manafi N, Mehrabani G, Ghabanchi J, Razeghian Jahromi I, Rasouli-Nia A, Karimi-Busheri F. Cell Proliferation, Viability, Differentiation, and Apoptosis of Iron Oxide Labeled Stem Cells Transfected with Lipofectamine Assessed by MRI. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062395. [PMID: 36983399 PMCID: PMC10054380 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess in vitro and in vivo tracking of iron oxide labeled stem cells transfected by lipofectamine using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), rat dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were characterized, labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles, and then transfected with lipofectamine to facilitate the internalization of these nanoparticles. Cell proliferation, viability, differentiation, and apoptosis were investigated. Prussian blue staining and MRI were used to trace transfected labeled cells. DPSCs were a morphologically spindle shape, adherent to culture plates, and positive for adipogenic and osteogenic inductions. They expressed CD73 and CD90 markers and lacked CD34 and CD45. Iron oxide labeling and transfection with lipofectamine in DPSCs had no toxic impact on viability, proliferation, and differentiation, and did not induce any apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo internalization of iron oxide nanoparticles within DPSCs were confirmed by Prussian blue staining and MRI tracking. Prussian blue staining and MRI tracking in the absence of any toxic effects on cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis were safe and accurate to track DPSCs labeled with iron oxide and transfected with lipofectamine. MRI can be a useful imaging modality when treatment outcome is targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jalli
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Davood Mehrabani
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
- Comparative and Experimental Medicine Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
- Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research and Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Shahrokh Zare
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Mahdi Saeedi Moghadam
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Iman Jamhiri
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Navid Manafi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Golshid Mehrabani
- School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Janan Ghabanchi
- School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Iman Razeghian Jahromi
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Aghdass Rasouli-Nia
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Feridoun Karimi-Busheri
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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3
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Chemical and Colloidal Stability of Polymer-Coated NaYF 4:Yb,Er Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media and Viability of Cells: The Effect of a Protective Coating. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032724. [PMID: 36769046 PMCID: PMC9917078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are of particular interest in nanomedicine for in vivo deep-tissue optical cancer bioimaging due to their efficient cellular uptake dependent on polymer coating. In this study, particles, ca. 25 nm in diameter, were prepared by a high-temperature coprecipitation of lanthanide chlorides. To ensure optimal dispersion of UCNPs in aqueous milieu, they were coated with three different polymers containing reactive groups, i.e., poly(ethylene glycol)-alendronate (PEG-Ale), poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-2-aminoethylacrylamide)-alendronate (PDMA-Ale), and poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) (PMVEMA). All the particles were characterized by TEM, DLS, FTIR, and spectrofluorometer to determine the morphology, hydrodynamic size and ξ-potential, composition, and upconversion luminescence. The degradability/dissolution of UCNPs in water, PBS, DMEM, or artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) was evaluated using an ion-selective electrochemical method and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The dissolution that was more pronounced in PBS at elevated temperatures was decelerated by polymer coatings. The dissolution in DMEM was relatively small, but much more pronounced in ALF. PMVEMA with multiple anchoring groups provided better protection against particle dissolution in PBS than PEG-Ale and PDMA-Ale polymers containing only one reactive group. However, the cytotoxicity of the particles depended not only on their ability to rapidly degrade, but also on the type of coating. According to MTT, neat UCNPs and UCNP@PMVEMA were toxic for both rat cells (C6) and rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), which was in contrast to the UCNP@Ale-PDMA particles that were biocompatible. On the other hand, both the cytotoxicity and uptake of the UCNP@Ale-PEG particles by C6 and rMSCs were low, according to MTT assay and ICP-MS, respectively. This was confirmed by a confocal microscopy, where the neat UCNPs were preferentially internalized by both cell types, followed by the UCNP@PMVEMA, UCNP@Ale-PDMA, and UCNP@Ale-PEG particles. This study provides guidance for the selection of a suitable nanoparticle coating with respect to future biomedical applications where specific behaviors (extracellular deposition vs. cell internalization) are expected.
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4
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Chmelyuk NS, Oda VV, Gabashvili AN, Abakumov MA. Encapsulins: Structure, Properties, and Biotechnological Applications. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:35-49. [PMID: 37068871 PMCID: PMC9937530 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In 1994 a new class of prokaryotic compartments was discovered, collectively called "encapsulins" or "nanocompartments". Encapsulin shell protomer proteins self-assemble to form icosahedral structures of various diameters (24-42 nm). Inside of nanocompartments shells, one or several cargo proteins, diverse in their functions, can be encapsulated. In addition, non-native cargo proteins can be loaded into nanocompartments, and shell surfaces can be modified via various compounds, which makes it possible to create targeted drug delivery systems, labels for optical and MRI imaging, and to use encapsulins as bioreactors. This review describes a number of strategies of encapsulins application in various fields of science, including biomedicine and nanobiotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly S Chmelyuk
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 117977, Russia
| | - Vera V Oda
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - Anna N Gabashvili
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - Maxim A Abakumov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, 119049, Russia.
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 117977, Russia
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5
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Bulte JWM, Wang C, Shakeri-Zadeh A. In Vivo Cellular Magnetic Imaging: Labeled vs. Unlabeled Cells. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2022; 32:2207626. [PMID: 36589903 PMCID: PMC9798832 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202207626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeling of cells has been applied for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cell tracking for over 30 years, having resulted in a dozen or so clinical trials. SPIO nanoparticles are biodegradable and can be broken down into elemental iron, and hence the tolerance of cells to magnetic labeling has been overall high. Over the years, however, single reports have accumulated demonstrating that the proliferation, migration, adhesion and differentiation of magnetically labeled cells may differ from unlabeled cells, with inhibition of chondrocytic differentiation of labeled human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as a notable example. This historical perspective provides an overview of some of the drawbacks that can be encountered with magnetic labeling. Now that magnetic particle imaging (MPI) cell tracking is emerging as a new in vivo cellular imaging modality, there has been a renaissance in the formulation of SPIO nanoparticles this time optimized for MPI. Lessons learned from the occasional past pitfalls encountered with SPIO-labeling of cells for MRI may expedite possible future clinical translation of (combined) MRI/MPI cell tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff W M Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ali Shakeri-Zadeh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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6
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Tousian H, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. In search of elixir: Pharmacological agents against stem cell senescence. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:868-880. [PMID: 34712416 PMCID: PMC8528253 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.51917.11773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell senescence causes different complications. In addition to the aging phenomenon, stem cell senescence has been investigated in various concepts such as cancer, adverse drug effects, and as a limiting factor in cell therapy. This manuscript examines protective medicines and supplements which are capable of hindering stem cell senescence. We searched the databases such as EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science with the keywords “stem cell,” “progenitor cell,” “satellite,” “senescence” and excluded the keywords “cancer,” “tumor,” “malignancy” and “carcinoma” until June 2020. Among these results, we chose 47 relevant studies. Our investigation indicates that most of these studies examined endothelial progenitor cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, and a few others were about less-discussed types of stem cells such as cardiac stem cells, myeloblasts, and induced pluripotent stem cells. From another aspect, 17β-Estradiol, melatonin, metformin, rapamycin, coenzyme Q10, N-acetyl cysteine, and vitamin C were the most studied agents, while the main protective mechanism was through telomerase activity enhancement or oxidative damage ablation. Although many of these studies are in vitro, they are still worthwhile. Stem cell senescence in the in vitro expansion stage is an essential concern in clinical procedures of cell therapy. Moreover, in vitro studies are the first step for further in vivo and clinical studies. It is noteworthy to mention the fact that these protective agents have been used in the clinical setting for various purposes for a long time. Given that, we only need to examine their systemic anti-senescence effects and effective dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hourieh Tousian
- Vice-chancellery of Food and Drug,Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Glover JC, Aswendt M, Boulland JL, Lojk J, Stamenković S, Andjus P, Fiori F, Hoehn M, Mitrecic D, Pavlin M, Cavalli S, Frati C, Quaini F. In vivo Cell Tracking Using Non-invasive Imaging of Iron Oxide-Based Particles with Particular Relevance for Stem Cell-Based Treatments of Neurological and Cardiac Disease. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:1469-1488. [PMID: 31802361 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapeutics is a rapidly developing field associated with a number of clinical challenges. One such challenge lies in the implementation of methods to track stem cells and stem cell-derived cells in experimental animal models and in the living patient. Here, we provide an overview of cell tracking in the context of cardiac and neurological disease, focusing on the use of iron oxide-based particles (IOPs) visualized in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We discuss the types of IOPs available for such tracking, their advantages and limitations, approaches for labeling cells with IOPs, biological interactions and effects of IOPs at the molecular and cellular levels, and MRI-based and associated approaches for in vivo and histological visualization. We conclude with reviews of the literature on IOP-based cell tracking in cardiac and neurological disease, covering both preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel C Glover
- Laboratory for Neural Development and Optical Recording (NDEVOR), Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PB 1105, Blindern, Oslo, Norway. .,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Markus Aswendt
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str. 5, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Boulland
- Laboratory for Neural Development and Optical Recording (NDEVOR), Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PB 1105, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jasna Lojk
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefan Stamenković
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, PB 52, 10001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle Andjus
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, PB 52, 10001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Fabrizio Fiori
- Department of Applied Physics, Università Politecnica delle Marche - Di.S.C.O., Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str. 5, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dinko Mitrecic
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mojca Pavlin
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefano Cavalli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Caterina Frati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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8
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Modification of chemically and physically obtained Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with l-Lys for cell labeling. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Chandy M, Wu JC. Molecular Imaging of Stem Cell Therapy in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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10
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Abstract
Many labs have been developing cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using both superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and fluorine-19 (19F)-based cell labels, to track immune and stem cells used for cellular therapies. Although SPION-based MRI cell tracking has very high sensitivity for cell detection, SPIONs are indirectly detected owing to relaxation effects on protons, producing negative magnetic resonance contrast with low signal specificity. Therefore, it is not possible to reliably quantify the local tissue concentration of SPION particles, and cell number cannot be determined. 19F-based cell tracking has high specificity for perfluorocarbon-labeled cells, and 19F signal is directly related to cell number. However, 19F MRI has low sensitivity. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new imaging modality that directly detects SPIONs. SPION-based cell tracking using MPI displays great potential for overcoming the challenges of MRI-based cell tracking, allowing for both high cellular sensitivity and specificity, and quantification of SPION-labeled cell number. Here we describe nanoparticle and MPI system factors that influence MPI sensitivity and resolution, quantification methods, and give our perspective on testing and applying MPI for cell tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C. Sehl
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute; and
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Julia J. Gevaert
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute; and
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kierstin P. Melo
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute; and
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha N. Knier
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute; and
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paula J. Foster
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute; and
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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11
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Szczęch M, Orsi D, Łopuszyńska N, Cristofolini L, Jasiński K, Węglarz WP, Albertini F, Kereïche S, Szczepanowicz K. Magnetically responsive polycaprolactone nanocarriers for application in the biomedical field: magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic drug delivery. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43607-43618. [PMID: 35519668 PMCID: PMC9058288 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07507h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There are huge demands on multifunctional nanocarriers to be used in nanomedicine. Herein, we present a simple and efficient method for the preparation of multifunctional magnetically responsive polymeric-based nanocarriers optimized for biomedical applications. The hybrid delivery system is composed of drug-loaded polymer nanoparticles (poly(caprolactone), PCL) coated with a multilayer shell of polyglutamic acid (PGA) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), which are known as bio-acceptable components. The PCL nanocarriers with a model anticancer drug (Paclitaxel, PTX) were formed by the spontaneous emulsification solvent evaporation (SESE) method, while the magnetically responsive multilayer shell was formed via the layer-by-layer (LbL) method. As a result, we obtained magnetically responsive polycaprolactone nanocarriers (MN-PCL NCs) with an average size of about 120 nm. Using the 9.4 T preclinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner we confirmed, that obtained MN-PCL NCs can be successfully used as a MRI-detectable drug delivery system. The magnetic hyperthermia effect of the MN-PCL NCs was demonstrated by applying a 25 mT radio-frequency (f = 429 kHz) alternating magnetic field. We found a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of 55 W g-1. The conducted research fulfills the first step of investigation for biomedical application, which is mandatory for the planning of any in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szczęch
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland +48-124251923 +48-126395121
| | - Davide Orsi
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma Parma Italy
| | - Natalia Łopuszyńska
- Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
| | - Luigi Cristofolini
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma Parma Italy
| | - Krzysztof Jasiński
- Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
| | - Władysław P Węglarz
- Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
| | - Franca Albertini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, National Research Council (CNR) Parma Italy
| | - Sami Kereïche
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Krzysztof Szczepanowicz
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland +48-124251923 +48-126395121
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12
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Darche FF, Rivinius R, Rahm AK, Köllensperger E, Leimer U, Germann G, Reiss M, Koenen M, Katus HA, Thomas D, Schweizer PA. In vivo cardiac pacemaker function of differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue transplanted into porcine hearts. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1133-1151. [PMID: 33178397 PMCID: PMC7596441 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i10.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) modified by gene transfer to express cardiac pacemaker channels such as HCN2 or HCN4 were shown to elicit pacemaker function after intracardiac transplantation in experimental animal models. Human MSC derived from adipose tissue (haMSC) differentiate into cells with pacemaker properties in vitro, but little is known about their behavior after intracardiac transplantation.
AIM To investigate whether haMSC elicit biological pacemaker function in vivo after transplantation into pig hearts.
METHODS haMSC under native conditions (nhaMSC) or after pre-conditioning by medium differentiation (dhaMSC) (n = 6 pigs each, 5 × 106 cells/animal) were injected into the porcine left ventricular free wall. Animals receiving PBS injection served as controls (n = 6). Four weeks later, total atrioventricular (AV)-block was induced by radiofrequency catheter ablation, and electronic pacemaker devices were implanted for backup stimulation and heart rate monitoring. Ventricular rate and rhythm of pigs were evaluated during a follow-up of 15 d post ablation by 12-lead-ECG with heart rate assessment, 24-h continuous rate monitoring recorded by electronic pacemaker, assessment of escape recovery time, and pharmacological challenge to address catecholaminergic rate response. Finally, hearts were analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical investigations.
RESULTS In vivo transplantation of dhaMSC into the left ventricular free wall of pigs elicited spontaneous and regular rhythms that were pace-mapped to ventricular injection sites (mean heart rate 72.2 ± 3.6 bpm; n = 6) after experimental total AV block. Ventricular rhythms were stably detected over a 15-d period and were sensitive to catecholaminergic stimulation (mean maximum heart rate 131.0 ± 6.2 bpm; n = 6; P < 0.001). Pigs, which received nhaMSC or PBS presented significantly lower ventricular rates (mean heart rates 47.2 ± 2.5 bpm and 37.4 ± 3.2 bpm, respectively; n = 6 each; P < 0.001) and exhibited little sensitivity towards catecholaminergic stimulation (mean maximum heart rates 76.4 ± 3.1 bpm and 60.5 ± 3.1 bpm, respectively; n = 6 each; P < 0.05). Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of hearts treated with dhaMSC revealed local clusters of transplanted cells at the injection sites that lacked macrophage or lymphocyte infiltrations or tumor formation. Intense fluorescence signals at these sites indicated membrane expression of HCN4 and other pacemaker-specific proteins involved in cardiac automaticity and impulse propagation.
CONCLUSION dhaMSC transplanted into pig left ventricles sustainably induced rate-responsive ventricular pacemaker activity after in vivo engraftment for four weeks. The data suggest that pre-conditioned MSC may further differentiate along a pacemaker-related lineage after myocardial integration and may establish superior pacemaker properties in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice F Darche
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Rasmus Rivinius
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Rahm
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Eva Köllensperger
- Department of Plastic Surgery, ETHIANUM Klinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69115, Germany
| | - Uwe Leimer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, ETHIANUM Klinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69115, Germany
| | - Günter Germann
- Department of Plastic Surgery, ETHIANUM Klinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69115, Germany
| | - Miriam Reiss
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Michael Koenen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Patrick A Schweizer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
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13
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Wang X, Zhang W, Yin G. Endothelial progenitor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with moyamoya disease labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide in vitro for MRI detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9974. [PMID: 32965325 PMCID: PMC7510231 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is currently thought to involve endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). We investigated whether superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) can be used to label EPCs. Mononuclear cells from 10 moyamoya disease patients were isolated, and cluster of differentiation 133 (CD133) positive cells sorted by magnetic-activated cell sorting were cultured in vitro. The positive rates of CD133, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2, and cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) were detected by flow cytometry. The cells were co-cultured with fluorescence labeled Dil-acetylated-low-density lipoprotein (Dil-ac-LDL) and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA-1) to observe the endocytosis of Dil-ac-LDL and binding to UEA-1. Prussian blue staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the endocytosis of different SPIO concentrations in EPCs, and CCK-8 was used to detect proliferation of cells transfected with different concentrations of SPIO. T2 weighted imaging (T2WI) signals from magnetic resonance imaging after SPIO endocytosis were compared. Positive rates of CD133, VEGFR-2, and CD34 on sorted mononuclear cells were 68.2±3.8, 57.5±4.2, and 36.8±6.5%, respectively. The double-positive expression rate of CD34 and VEGFR-2 was 19.6±4.7%, and 83.1±10.4% of cells, which showed the uptake of Dil-ac-LDL and binding with UEA-1. The labeling efficiencies of SPIO at concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/mL were higher than for 12.5 μg/mL. The proliferation of cells was not influenced by SPIO concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μg/mL. After labeling, the T2WI of EPCs was reduced. The concentration of 25 μg/mL SPIO had high labeling efficiency detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without decreased EPCs viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Wang
- Third Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Wengao Zhang
- Third Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Gangfeng Yin
- Third Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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14
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Endothelial progenitor cells as the target for cardiovascular disease prediction, personalized prevention, and treatments: progressing beyond the state-of-the-art. EPMA J 2020; 11:629-643. [PMID: 33240451 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated by the leading mortalities of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), various types of cardiovascular biomaterials have been widely investigated in the past few decades. Although great therapeutic effects can be achieved by bare metal stents (BMS) and drug-eluting stents (DES) within months or years, the long-term complications such as late thrombosis and restenosis have limited their further applications. It is well accepted that rapid endothelialization is a promising approach to eliminate these complications. Convincing evidence has shown that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) could be mobilized into the damaged vascular sites systemically and achieve endothelial repair in situ, which significantly contributes to the re-endothelialization process. Therefore, how to effectively capture EPCs via specific molecules immobilized on biomaterials is an important point to achieve rapid endothelialization. Further, in the context of predictive, preventive, personalized medicine (PPPM), the abnormal number alteration of EPCs in circulating blood and certain inflammation responses can also serve as important indicators for predicting and preventing early cardiovascular disease. In this contribution, we mainly focused on the following sections: the definition and classification of EPCs, the mechanisms of EPCs in treating CVDs, the potential diagnostic role of EPCs in predicting CVDs, as well as the main strategies for cardiovascular biomaterials to capture EPCs.
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15
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Tousian H, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Looking for immortality: Review of phytotherapy for stem cell senescence. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:154-166. [PMID: 32405357 PMCID: PMC7211350 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.40223.9522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we discussed natural agents with protective effects against stem cell senescence. Different complications have been observed due to stem cell senescence and the most important of them is "Aging". Senescent cells have not normal function and their secretary inflammatory factors induce chronic inflammation in body which causes different pathologies. Stem cell senescence also has been investigated in different diseases or as drug adverse effects. We searched databases such as Embase, Pubmed and Web of Science with keywords "stem cell", "progenitor cell", "satellite", "senescence" and excluded keywords "cancer", "tumor", "malignancy" and "carcinoma" without time limitation until May 2019. Among them we chose 52 articles that have investigated protective effects of natural agents (extracts or molecules) against cellular senescence in different kind of adult stem cells. Most of these studies were in endothelial progenitor cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells and few were about other kinds of stem cells. Most studied agents were resveratrol and ginseng which are also commercially available as supplement. Most protective molecular targets were telomerase and anti-oxidant enzymes to preserve genome integrity and reduce senescence-inducing signals. Due to the safe and long history of herbal usage in clinic, phytotherapy can be used for preventing stem cell senescence and their related complication. Resveratrol and ginseng can be the first choice for this aim due to their protective mechanisms in various kinds of stem cells and their long term clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hourieh Tousian
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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16
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Wang P, Kim T, Harada M, Contag C, Huang X, Smith BR. Nano-immunoimaging. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:628-653. [PMID: 32226975 DOI: 10.1039/c9nh00514e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunoimaging is a rapidly growing field stoked in large part by the intriguing triumphs of immunotherapy. On the heels of immunotherapy's successes, there exists a growing need to evaluate tumor response to therapy particularly immunotherapy, stratify patients into responders vs. non-responders, identify inflammation, and better understand the fundamental roles of immune system components to improve both immunoimaging and immunotherapy. Innovative nanomaterials have begun to provide novel opportunities for immunoimaging, in part due to their sensitivity, modularity, capacity for many potentially varied ligands (high avidity), and potential for multifunctionality/multimodality imaging. This review strives to comprehensively summarize the integration of nanotechnology and immunoimaging, and the field's potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Drive, Room #1118, East Lansing, MI 488824, USA. and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 488824, USA
| | - Taeho Kim
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Drive, Room #1118, East Lansing, MI 488824, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 488824, USA
| | - Masako Harada
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Drive, Room #1118, East Lansing, MI 488824, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 488824, USA
| | - Christopher Contag
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Drive, Room #1118, East Lansing, MI 488824, USA. and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 488824, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 488824, USA and Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 488824, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Drive, Room #1118, East Lansing, MI 488824, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 488824, USA and Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 488824, USA
| | - Bryan Ronain Smith
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Drive, Room #1118, East Lansing, MI 488824, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 488824, USA and Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94306, USA
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17
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Malik R, Darche FA, Rivinius R, Seckinger A, Krause U, Koenen M, Thomas D, Katus HA, Schweizer PA. Quantitative Efficacy and Fate of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Targeted to Cardiac Sites by Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720914236. [PMID: 32207339 PMCID: PMC7444233 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720914236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Engraftment and functional integration of stem cells or stem cell-derived cells within cardiac tissue is an important prerequisite for cell replacement therapy aiming at the treatment of heart disease. Recently, a novel intravenous approach for application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to cardiac sites has been established using radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA)-guided targeting, bypassing the need for open chest surgery or direct myocardial cell injection. However, little is known about the quantitative efficacy and longevity of this strategy. We performed selective power-controlled RFCA with eight ablation pulses (30 W, 60 s each) to induce heat-mediated lesions at the right atrial appendices (RAAs) of pigs. Different concentrations of human bone marrow-derived MSCs (105 to 1.6 × 106 cells/kg bodyweight) labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles were infused intravenously in nine pigs one d after RFCA treatment and hearts were explanted 8 d later to quantify the number of engrafted cells. Prussian blue staining revealed high numbers of SPIO-labeled cells in areas surrounding the RFCA-induced lesions. Cell numbers were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using specific primers for human MSCs (hMSCs), which indicated that up to 106 hMSCs, corresponding to ∼3.9% of the systemically applied human cells, engrafted within the RAAs of RFCA-treated pigs. Of note, infused hMSCs were observed in nontargeted organs, as well, but appeared at very low concentrations. To assess long-term deposition of MSCs, RAAs of three pigs were analyzed after 6 months, which revealed few persisting hMSCs at targeted sites. RFCA-mediated targeting of MSCs provides a novel minimal invasive strategy for cardiac stem cell engraftment. Qualitative and quantitative results of our large animal experiments indicate an efficient guidance of MSCs to selected cardiac regions, although only few cells remained at targeted sites 6 mo after cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Malik
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabrice A Darche
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rasmus Rivinius
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Seckinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulf Krause
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Muenster, Domagstrasse, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael Koenen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick A Schweizer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Yun WS, Aryal S, Ahn YJ, Seo YJ, Key J. Engineered iron oxide nanoparticles to improve regenerative effects of mesenchymal stem cells. Biomed Eng Lett 2020; 10:259-273. [PMID: 32477611 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-020-00153-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based therapies are a major field of regenerative medicine. However, the success of MSC therapy relies on the efficiency of its delivery and retention, differentiation, and secreting paracrine factors at the target sites. Recent studies show that superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) modulate the regenerative effects of MSCs. After interacting with the cell membrane of MSCs, SPIONs can enter the cells via the endocytic pathway. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, including size, surface charge (zeta-potential), and surface ligand, influence their interactions with MSC, such as cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, homing factors, and regenerative related factors (VEGF, TGF-β1). Therefore, in-depth knowledge of the physicochemical properties of SPIONs might be a promising lead in regenerative and anti-inflammation research using SPIONs mediated MSCs. In this review, recent research on SPIONs with MSCs and the various designs of SPIONs are examined and summarized. Graphic abstract A graphical abstract describes important parameters in the design of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, affecting mesenchymal stem cells. These physicochemical properties are closely related to the mesenchymal stem cells to achieve improved cellular responses such as homing factors and cell uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Su Yun
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do South Korea
| | - Susmita Aryal
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do South Korea
| | - Ye Ji Ahn
- 2Research Institute of Hearing Enhancement, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.,3Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Young Joon Seo
- 2Research Institute of Hearing Enhancement, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.,3Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Jaehong Key
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do South Korea
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19
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Demin AM, Mekhaev AV, Kandarakov OF, Popenko VI, Leonova OG, Murzakaev AM, Kuznetsov DK, Uimin MA, Minin AS, Shur VY, Belyavsky AV, Krasnov VP. L-Lysine-modified Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles for magnetic cell labeling. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 190:110879. [PMID: 32135495 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of magnetic labeling with L-Lys-modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and the stability of magnetization of rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, lineage-negative (Lin(-)) hematopoietic progenitor cells from mouse bone marrow and human leukemia K562 cells were studied. For this purpose, covalent modification of MNPs with 3-aminopropylsilane and N-di-Fmoc-L-lysine followed by removal of N-protecting groups was carried out. Since the degree of hydroxylation of the surface of the starting nanoparticles plays a crucial role in the silanization reaction and the possibility of obtaining stable colloidal solutions. In present work we for the first time performed a comparative qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the number of adsorbed water molecules and hydroxyl groups on the surface of chemically and physically obtained Fe3O4 MNPs using comprehensive FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results obtained can be further used for magnetic labeling of cells in experiments in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Demin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 22 S. Kovalevskoy St., Yekaterinburg, 620990, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Mekhaev
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 22 S. Kovalevskoy St., Yekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Oleg F Kandarakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Popenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga G Leonova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aidar M Murzakaev
- Institute of Electrophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 106 Amudsen St., Yekaterinburg, 620016, Russia; Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenin Ave., Yekaterinburg 620000, Russia
| | - Dmitry K Kuznetsov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenin Ave., Yekaterinburg 620000, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Uimin
- Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 18 S. Kovalevskoy St., Yekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Artem S Minin
- Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 18 S. Kovalevskoy St., Yekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ya Shur
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenin Ave., Yekaterinburg 620000, Russia
| | - Alexander V Belyavsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victor P Krasnov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 22 S. Kovalevskoy St., Yekaterinburg, 620990, Russia; Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
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20
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Abstract
Regenerative medicine with the use of stem cells has appeared as a potential therapeutic alternative for many disease states. Despite initial enthusiasm, there has been relatively slow transition to clinical trials. In large part, numerous questions remain regarding the viability, biology and efficacy of transplanted stem cells in the living subject. The critical issues highlighted the importance of developing tools to assess these questions. Advances in molecular biology and imaging have allowed the successful non-invasive monitoring of transplanted stem cells in the living subject. Over the years these methodologies have been updated to assess not only the viability but also the biology of transplanted stem cells. In this review, different imaging strategies to study the viability and biology of transplanted stem cells are presented. Use of these strategies will be critical as the different regenerative therapies are being tested for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar Abbas
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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21
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Huang K, Hu S, Cheng K. A New Era of Cardiac Cell Therapy: Opportunities and Challenges. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801011. [PMID: 30548836 PMCID: PMC6368830 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), caused by coronary heart disease (CHD), remains one of the most common causes of death in the United States. Over the last few decades, scientists have invested considerable resources on the study and development of cell therapies for myocardial regeneration after MI. However, due to a number of limitations, they are not yet readily available for clinical applications. Mounting evidence supports the theory that paracrine products are the main contributors to the regenerative effects attributed to these cell therapies. The next generation of cell-based MI therapies will identify and isolate cell products and derivatives, integrate them with biocompatible materials and technologies, and use them for the regeneration of damaged myocardial tissue. This review discusses the progress made thus far in pursuit of this new generation of cell therapies. Their fundamental regenerative mechanisms, their potential to combine with other therapeutic products, and their role in shaping new clinical approaches for heart tissue engineering, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
- Pharmacoengineeirng and Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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22
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Xia T, Yu F, Zhang K, Wu Z, Shi D, Teng H, Shen J, Yang X, Jiang Q. The effectiveness of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells therapy for knee osteoarthritis in pigs. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:404. [PMID: 30498731 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.09.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Intraarticular injection of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has shown to be successful for treating osteoarthritis (OA). Nevertheless, many studies have been focusing on autologous MSCs. The following study investigates the safety and effectiveness of intraarticular injection of allogenic MSCs in a pig OA model. Methods Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles were labelled with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) to allow cells tracking using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A pig OA model was established by bilateral medial meniscectomy. Next, SPIO-BM-MSCs were injected into the right knee, while the left knee was left untreated. MRI and radiography were used to assess the degree of OA and to evaluate the effectiveness of allogenic MSCs. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), safranin-o fast green staining, toluidine blue, and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the injections. Results At concentration of ≤20 µg/mL, SPIO caused no toxicity to BM-MSCs. Four weeks after surgery, OA changes were observed on MRI scan. The SPIO labeled BM-MSCs were found moving towards the impaired part of the cartilage 8 to 24 h after injections. In addition, no significant differences between the right side (therapeutic side) and the left side (untreated side) were observed following histological and immunohistochemistry analysis. Conclusions The suitable concentration of SPIO for labelling BMSCs was 20 µg/mL, while the allogenic MSCs could move towards and accumulate around the impaired cartilage. No significant difference was found between treatment and control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Xia
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210046, China.,Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Kaijia Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zongfang Wu
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210046, China.,Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dongquan Shi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Huajian Teng
- Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jirong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xianfeng Yang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210046, China.,Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Mohanty S, Jain KG, Nandy SB, Kakkar A, Kumar M, Dinda AK, Singh H, Ray A. Iron oxide labeling does not affect differentiation potential of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exhibited by their differentiation into cardiac and neuronal cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 448:17-26. [PMID: 29450799 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising outcomes in cardiac and neuronal diseases. Efficient and noninvasive tracking of MSCs is essential to harness their therapeutic potential. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have emerged as effective means to label stem cells and visualize them using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is known that IONPs do not affect viability and cell proliferation of stem cells. However, very few studies have demonstrated differentiation potential of iron oxide-labeled MSCs and their differentiation into specific lineages that can contribute to cellular therapies. The differentiation of IONP-labeled human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) into cardiac and neuronal lineages has never been studied. In this study, we have shown that IONP-labeled hBM-MSCs retain their differentiation potential to cardiac and neuronal cell lineages. We also confirmed that labeling hBM-MSCs with IONP does not affect their characteristic properties such as viability, cellular proliferation rate, surface marker profiling, and trilineage differentiation capacity. This study shows that IONP can be efficiently tracked, and its labeling does not alter stemness and differentiation potential of hBM-MSCs. Thus, the labeled hBM-MSCs can be used in clinical therapies and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
| | - Krishan Gopal Jain
- Stem Cell Facility, Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushmita Bose Nandy
- Stem Cell Facility, Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Northern New Mexico College, Espanola, NM, USA
| | - Anupama Kakkar
- Stem Cell Facility, Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Harpal Singh
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Ray
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Neural Induction Potential and MRI of ADSCs Labeled Cationic Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle In Vitro. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:6268437. [PMID: 29666564 PMCID: PMC5832102 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6268437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with contrast agents is believed to be useful for stem cell tracking in vivo, and the aim of this research was to investigate the biosafety and neural induction of SD rat-originated adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) using cationic superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle which was synthesized by the improved polyol method, in order to allow visualization using in vitro MRI. The scan protocols were performed with T2-mapping sequence; meanwhile, the ultrastructure of labeled cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) while the iron content was measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). After neural induction, nestin and NSE (neural markers) were obviously expressed. In vitro MRI showed that the cationic PEG/PEI-modified SPIO nanoparticles could achieve great relaxation performance and favourable longevity. And the ICP-AES quantified the lowest iron content that could be detected by MRI as 1.56~1.8 pg/cell. This study showed that the cationic SPIO could be directly used to label ADSCs, which could then inductively differentiate into nerve and be imaged by in vitro MRI, which would exhibit important guiding significance for the further in vivo MRI towards animal models with neurodegenerative disorders.
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25
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Qin Y, Zhuo L, Cai J, He X, Liu B, Feng C, Zhang L. In vivo monitoring of magnetically labeled mesenchymal stem cells homing to rabbit hepatic VX2 tumors using magnetic resonance imaging. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:452-458. [PMID: 29115453 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to possess a tumor‑homing feature, their tropism to liver tumors has not been delineated in a visible manner. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the tumor‑homing capacity of MSCs and to investigate the spatial and temporal distributions of MSCs in liver tumors using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MSCs were colabeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles and 4',6‑diamidino‑2‑phenylindole (DAPI), and then transplanted into rabbits with VX2 liver tumors through intravenous injections. The rabbits were subjected to MRI before and at 3, 7 and 14 days after cell transplantation using a clinical 1.5‑T MRI system. Immediately after the MRI examination, histological analyses were performed using fluorescence and Prussian blue staining. At 3 days after injection with labeled MSCs, heterogeneous hypointensity was detected on the MRI images of the tumor. At 7 days after transplantation, the tumor exhibited anisointense MRI signal, whereas a hypointense ring was detected at the border of the tumor. At 14 days after transplantation, the MRI signal recovered the hyperintensity. As demonstrated in the histological analyses, the distribution of the iron particles visualized with Prussian blue staining was consistent with the DAPI‑stained bright fluorescent nuclei, and the particles corresponded to the hypointense region on the MR images. Thus, systemically administered MSCs could localize to liver tumors with high specificity and possessed a migration feature with active tumor growth. These results demonstrated that the targeting and distribution of the magnetically labeled stem cells in the tumor could be tracked for 7 days in vivo using a clinical 1.5‑T MRI scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Lisha Zhuo
- Outpatient Department, 77100 Troops, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chongqing 400020, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Cai
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoya He
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xinan Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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Kim T, Lemaster JE, Chen F, Li J, Jokerst JV. Photoacoustic Imaging of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Labeled with Prussian Blue-Poly(l-lysine) Nanocomplexes. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9022-9032. [PMID: 28759195 PMCID: PMC5630123 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic imaging is affordable and accessible without ionizing radiation. Photoacoustic imaging increases the contrast of traditional ultrasound and can offer good spatial resolution when used at high frequencies with excellent temporal resolution. Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) are an emerging photoacoustic contrast agent with strong optical absorption in the near-infrared region. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method to label human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with PBNPs and imaged them with photoacoustic imaging. First, PBNPs were synthesized by the reaction of FeCl3 with K4[Fe(CN)6] in the presence of citric acid and complexed with the cationic transfection agent poly-l-lysine (PLL). The PLL-coated PBNPs (PB-PLL nanocomplexes) have a maximum absorption peak at 715 nm and could efficiently label hMSCs. Cellular uptake of these nanocomplexes was studied using bright field, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. The labeled stem cells were successfully differentiated into two downstream lineages of adipocytes and osteocytes, and they showed positive expression for surface markers of CD73, CD90, and CD105. No changes in viability or proliferation of the labeled cells were observed, and the secretome cytokine analysis indicated that the expression levels of 12 different proteins were not dysregulated by PBNP labeling. The optical properties of PBNPs were preserved postlabeling, suitable for the sensitive and quantitative detection of implanted cells. Labeled hMSCs exhibited strong photoacoustic contrast in vitro and in vivo when imaged at 730 nm, and the detection limit was 200 cells/μL in vivo. The photoacoustic signal increased as a function of cell concentration, indicating that the number of labeled cells can be quantified during and after cell transplantations. In hybrid ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging, this approach offers real-time and image-guided cellular injection even through an intact skull for brain intraparenchymal injections. Our labeling and imaging technique allowed the detection and monitoring of 5 × 104 mesenchymal stem cells in living mice over a period of 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Kim
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jeanne E. Lemaster
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science Program, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jin Li
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science Program, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Corresponding Author
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Metelev V, Zhang S, Zheng S, Kumar AT, Bogdanov A. Fluorocarbons Enhance Intracellular Delivery of Short STAT3-sensors and Enable Specific Imaging. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:3354-3368. [PMID: 28900515 PMCID: PMC5595137 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Short oligonucleotide sequences are now being widely investigated for their potential therapeutic properties. The modification of oligonucleotide termini with short fluorinated residues is capable of drastically altering their behavior in complex in vitro and in vivo systems, and thus may serve to greatly enhance their therapeutic potential. The main goals of our work were to explore: 1) how modification of STAT3 transcription factor-binding oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) duplexes (ODND) with one or two short fluorocarbon (FC)-based residues would change their properties in vitro and in vivo, and if so, how this would affect their intracellular uptake by cancer cells, and 2) the ability of such modified ODND to form non-covalent complexes with FC-modified carrier macromolecule. The latter has an inherent advantage of producing a 19F-specific magnetic resonance (MR) imaging signature. Thus, we also tested the ability of such copolymers to generate 19F-MR signals. Materials and Methods. Fluorinated nucleic acid residues were incorporated into ODN by using automated synthesis or via activated esters on ODN 5'-ends. To quantify ODND uptake by the cells and to track their stability, we covalently labeled ODN with fluorophores using internucleoside linker technology; the FC-modified carrier was synthesized by acylation of pegylated polylysine graft copolymer with perfluoroundecanoic acid (M5-gPLL-PFUDA). Results. ODN with a single FC group exhibited a tendency to form duplexes with higher melting points and with increased stability against degradation when compared to control non-modified ODNs. ODND carrying fluorinated residues showed complex formation with M5-gPLL-PFUDA as predicted by molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, FC groups modulated the specificity of ODND binding to the STAT3 target. Finally, FC modification resulted in greater cell uptake (2 to 4 fold higher) when compared to the uptake of non-modified ODND as determined by quantitative confocal fluorescence imaging of A431 and INS-1 cells. Conclusion. ODND modification with FC residues enables fine-tuning of protein binding specificity to double-strand binding motifs and results in an increased internalization by A431 and INS-1 cells in culture. Our results show that modification of ODN termini with FC residues is both a feasible and powerful strategy for developing more efficient nucleic acid-based therapies with the added benefit of allowing for non-invasive MR imaging of ODND therapeutic targeting and response.
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28
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Kim D, Chun BG, Kim YK, Lee YH, Park CS, Jeon I, Cheong C, Hwang TS, Chung H, Gwag BJ, Hong KS, Song J. In Vivo Tracking of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Experimental Stroke. Cell Transplant 2017; 16:1007-1012. [DOI: 10.3727/000000007783472381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the fates of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) following transplantation into a rodent model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques were employed. hMSCs were labeled with ferumoxides (Feridex®)-protamine sulfate complexes, which were visualized and examined by MRI up to 10 weeks following transplantation. Migration of the transplanted cells to the infarcted area was further confirmed by histological methods. We found that the hMSCs transplanted in MCAo models possess the capacity to migrate to the infarcted area extensively in both ipsilateral and contralateral injections, exhibiting a pathotropism. We also analyzed the detailed migration patterns of transplanted hMSCs. We speculate that the extensive migratory ability of hMSCs may represent a therapeutic potential for developing efficient cell transplantation strategies in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehong Kim
- MRI Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Korea
| | - Byoung-Gi Chun
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Pochon CHA University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Kyung Kim
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Pochon CHA University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Stem Cell Therapy Institute, CHA Biotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Lee
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Pochon CHA University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Stem Cell Therapy Institute, CHA Biotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Iksoo Jeon
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Pochon CHA University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Tae-Sun Hwang
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Pochon CHA University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungmin Chung
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Pochon CHA University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Stem Cell Therapy Institute, CHA Biotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Joo Gwag
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- MRI Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Korea
| | - Jihwan Song
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Pochon CHA University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Gaharwar US, Meena R, Rajamani P. Iron oxide nanoparticles induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and DNA damage in lymphocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1232-1244. [PMID: 28585739 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades nanotechnology and material science has progressed extremely rapidly. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) owing to their unique magnetic properties have a great potential for their biomedical and bioengineering applications. However, there is an inevitable need to address the issue of safety and health effects of these nanoparticles. Hence, the present study was aimed to assess the cytotoxic effects of IONPs on rats' lymphocytes. Using different assays, we studied diverse parameters including mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase activity, antioxidant enzymes activity and DNA damage measurements. Intracellular metal uptake and ultrastructure analysis were also carried out through inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy respectively. The results show that the IONP-induced oxidative stress was concentration-dependent in nature, with significant (P < 0.05) increase in ROS levels, lipid peroxidation level as well as depletion of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione. Moreover, we observed morphological changes in the cell after intracellular uptake and localization of nanoparticles in cells. From the findings of the study, it may be concluded that IONPs induce ROS-mediated cytotoxicity in lymphocytes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Singh Gaharwar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramovatar Meena
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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30
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Li A, Wu Y, Tang F, Li W, Feng X, Yao Z. In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of CD8+ T Lymphocytes Recruiting to Glioblastoma in Mice. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017; 31:317-323. [PMID: 27831762 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2016.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive in vivo tracking of adopted immune cells would help improve immunotherapy on glioblastoma. In this study, the authors tried to track adoptive CD8+ T lymphocytes in an in situ GL261 glioblastoma mouse model with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CD8+ T lymphocytes from spleen of preimmunized GL261 glioblastoma mice were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide, with polylysine as transfection agent. From Prussian blue staining, the labeling efficiency was 0.77% ± 0.06%, without altering cell viability and function. From anti-CD8, and anti-dextran staining, superparamagnetic iron oxide could be seen in the cytoplasm. In vitro imaging of agar gel mixtures with different concentrations of labeled CD8+ T lymphocytes was done with a 3.0T MR T2*WI sequence. Higher cell concentrations showed lower signal values. Twenty-four hours after tail vein injection of labeled and unlabeled CD8+ T lymphocytes, imaging of GL261 mice brain showed black spots at the periphery of the tumor in the labeled group only. Brain tumor pathology further verified infiltration of labeled CD8+ T lymphocytes in the tumor. Thus, preimmunized CD8+ T lymphocytes could be efficiently labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide and tracked both in vitro and in vivo with 3.0T MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anning Li
- 1 Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- 2 Department of Radiology, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Tang
- 3 Department of Radiology, Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- 3 Department of Radiology, Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Feng
- 2 Department of Radiology, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Yao
- 2 Department of Radiology, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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31
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Iyer SR, Xu S, Stains JP, Bennett CH, Lovering RM. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Musculoskeletal Biology. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:373-385. [PMID: 27998240 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells has garnered much attention in orthopedic medicine, focusing on the biological aspects of cell function. However, shortly after systemic delivery, or even a local injection, few of the transplanted stem cells or platelets remain at the target site. Improvement in delivery, and the ability to track and monitor injected cells, would greatly improve clinical translation. Nanoparticles can effectively and quickly label most cells in vitro, and evidence to date suggests such labeling does not compromise the proliferation or differentiation of cells. A specific type of nanoparticle, the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION), is already employed as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. SPIONs can be coupled with cells or bioactive molecules (antibodies, proteins, drugs, etc.) to form an injectable complex for in vivo use. The biocompatibility, magnetic properties, small size, and custom-made surface coatings also enable SPIONs to be used for delivering and monitoring of small molecules, drugs, and cells, specifically to muscle, bone, or cartilage. Because SPIONs consist of cores made of iron oxides, targeting of SPIONs to a specific muscle, bone, or joint in the body can be enhanced with the help of applied gradient magnetic fields. Moreover, MRI has a high sensitivity to SPIONs and can be used for noninvasive determination of successful delivery and monitoring distribution in vivo. Gaps remain in understanding how the physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials affect biological systems. Nonetheless, SPIONs hold great promise for regenerative medicine, and progress is being made rapidly toward clinical applications in orthopedic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama R Iyer
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Su Xu
- 2 Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph P Stains
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Craig H Bennett
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard M Lovering
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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Evaluation of Magnetic Nanoparticle-Labeled Chondrocytes Cultivated on a Type II Collagen-Chitosan/Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic) Acid Biphasic Scaffold. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010087. [PMID: 28054960 PMCID: PMC5297721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondral or osteochondral defects are still controversial problems in orthopedics. Here, chondrocytes labeled with magnetic nanoparticles were cultivated on a biphasic, type II collagen-chitosan/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold in an attempt to develop cultures with trackable cells exhibiting growth, differentiation, and regeneration. Rabbit chondrocytes were labeled with magnetic nanoparticles and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron (TEM) microscopy, and gene and protein expression analyses. The experimental results showed that the magnetic nanoparticles did not affect the phenotype of chondrocytes after cell labeling, nor were protein and gene expression affected. The biphasic type II collagen-chitosan/poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid scaffold was characterized by SEM, and labeled chondrocytes showed a homogeneous distribution throughout the scaffold after cultivation onto the polymer. Cellular phenotype remained unaltered but with increased gene expression of type II collagen and aggrecan, as indicated by cell staining, indicating chondrogenesis. Decreased SRY-related high mobility group-box gene (Sox-9) levels of cultured chondrocytes indicated that differentiation was associated with osteogenesis. These results are encouraging for the development of techniques for trackable cartilage regeneration and osteochondral defect repair which may be applied in vivo and, eventually, in clinical trials.
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33
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Song A, Ji S, Sook Hong J, Ji Y, Gokhale AA, Lee I. Encapsulation of hydrophobic or hydrophilic iron oxide nanoparticles into poly(lactic acid) micro/nanoparticles via adaptable emulsion setup. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing Michigan48824
| | - Shaowen Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing Michigan48824
| | - Joung Sook Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing Michigan48824
| | - Yi Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing Michigan48824
| | - Ankush A. Gokhale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing Michigan48824
| | - Ilsoon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing Michigan48824
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34
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Pongrac IM, Dobrivojević M, Ahmed LB, Babič M, Šlouf M, Horák D, Gajović S. Improved biocompatibility and efficient labeling of neural stem cells with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:926-936. [PMID: 27547609 PMCID: PMC4979740 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell tracking is a powerful tool to understand cellular migration, dynamics, homing and function of stem cell transplants. Nanoparticles represent possible stem cell tracers, but they differ in cellular uptake and side effects. Their properties can be modified by coating with different biocompatible polymers. To test if a coating polymer, poly(L-lysine), can improve the biocompatibility of nanoparticles applied to neural stem cells, poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles were prepared and characterized. We evaluated their cellular uptake, the mechanism of internalization, cytotoxicity, viability and proliferation of neural stem cells, and compared them to the commercially available dextran-coated nanomag(®)-D-spio nanoparticles. RESULTS Light microscopy of Prussian blue staining revealed a concentration-dependent intracellular uptake of iron oxide in neural stem cells. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and the calcein acetoxymethyl ester/propidium iodide assay demonstrated that poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles scored better than nanomag(®)-D-spio in cell labeling efficiency, viability and proliferation of neural stem cells. Cytochalasine D blocked the cellular uptake of nanoparticles indicating an actin-dependent process, such as macropinocytosis, to be the internalization mechanism for both nanoparticle types. Finally, immunocytochemistry analysis of neural stem cells after treatment with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite and nanomag(®)-D-spio nanoparticles showed that they preserve their identity as neural stem cells and their potential to differentiate into all three major neural cell types (neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes). CONCLUSION Improved biocompatibility and efficient cell labeling makes poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles appropriate candidates for future neural stem cell in vivo tracking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor M Pongrac
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Dobrivojević
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lada Brkić Ahmed
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michal Babič
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Srećko Gajović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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35
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Magnetic resonance imaging of pathogenic protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Invest Radiol 2016; 50:709-18. [PMID: 26135016 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to establish a noninvasive tracking of the pathogenic parasite Entamoeba histolytica (Eh) after superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) labeling by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a single-cell level in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model for amebic liver abscess (ALA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Local institutional review committee on animal care approved all animal experiments. Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites were labeled with SPIO nanoparticles (SPIO-Eh). The uptake of SPIO by Eh was optimized using flow cytometry and visualized by bright field, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. The viability of SPIO-Eh was assessed in vitro by determination of growth and ingestion rate of red blood cells. Migration of SPIO-Eh was proven by in vitro MRI in a preclinical 7 T MRI system using continually repeated MRI scans. In vivo distribution of SPIO-Eh within the mouse liver was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by serial respiration-triggered T2*-weighted MRI, T2-weighted MRI, and R2* MR relaxometry up to 5 days after injection and correlated with immunohistology of the liver sections after removal. RESULTS Entamoeba histolytica can be efficiently labeled with SPIO without influence on parasite growth rate or phagocytic capacity. In vitro dynamic MRI allowed real-time migration monitoring and determination of velocity of single SPIO-Eh. In vivo SPIO-Eh showed signal decrease in T2*-weighted and increase of R2* in ALA formations. Motility of SPIO-Eh was necessary to induce ALA formations. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates the feasibility of an efficient magnetic labeling and a noninvasive in vitro and in vivo MR tracking of the pathogenic protozoan Eh in a mouse model for ALA, thus representing in future a noninvasive imaging tool to study parasite, as well as on host-specific pathomechanisms.
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Yang G, Ma W, Zhang B, Xie Q. The labeling of stem cells by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles modified with PEG/PVP or PEG/PEI. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:384-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Spira D, Bantleon R, Wolburg H, Schick F, Groezinger G, Wiskirchen J, Wiesinger B. Labeling Human Melanoma Cells With SPIO: In Vitro Observations. Mol Imaging 2016; 15:15/0/1536012115624915. [PMID: 27030399 PMCID: PMC5469517 DOI: 10.1177/1536012115624915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To use the superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) contrast agent Resovist (±transfection agent) to label human melanoma cells and determine its effects on cellular viability, microstructure, iron quantity, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detectability. Materials and Methods: Human SK-Mel28 melanoma cells were incubated with Resovist (±liposomal transfection agent DOSPER). The cellular iron content was measured, and labeled cells were examined at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. The intracellular and extracellular distributions of the contrast agent were assessed by light and electron microscopy. Results: The incubation of melanoma cells with SPIO does not interfere with cell viability or proliferation. The iron is located both intracellularly and extracellularly as iron clusters associated with the exterior of the cell membrane. Despite thorough washing, the extracellular SPIO remained associated with the cell membrane. The liposomal transfection agent does not change the maximum achievable cellular iron content but promotes a faster iron uptake. The MRI detectability persists for at least 7 days. Conclusion: The transfection agent DOSPER facilitates the efficient labeling of human metastatic melanoma cells with Resovist. Our findings raise the possibility that other Resovist-labeled cells may collect associated extracellular nanoparticles. The SPIO may be available to other iron-handling cells and not completely compartmentalized during the labeling procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Spira
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Rüdiger Bantleon
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hartwig Wolburg
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Groezinger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakub Wiskirchen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Franziskus Hospital Bielefeld, Kiskerstraße 26, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wiesinger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Zupke O, Distler E, Jürchott A, Paiphansiri U, Dass M, Thomas S, Hartwig UF, Theobald M, Landfester K, Mailänder V, Herr W. Nanoparticles and antigen-specific T-cell therapeutics: a comprehensive study on uptake and release. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1063-76. [PMID: 25929565 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM T lymphocytes are used as cellular therapeutics in many disease entities including cancer. We investigated the uptake and retention of nanoparticles (NPs) by these nonphagocytic cells. MATERIALS & METHODS Uptake, release and toxicity of various polymeric NP preparations were analyzed by flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. T-cell effector functions were measured using IFN-γ-ELISPOT and (51)Chromium-release assays. RESULTS Amino-functionalized NPs were efficiently ingested by antigen-specific T cells without adversely influencing effector functions. NPs were stored in membrane-surrounded vesicles, with major proportions released extracellularly during 24 h. CONCLUSION Amino-functionalized polymeric NPs are efficiently taken up by human T cells and could be used to design nanocarriers for direct access and manipulation of antigen-specific T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Zupke
- Department of Medicine III, Hematology, Oncology & Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Hu C, Xia T, Gong Y, Wang X, Liu RQ, Zhang QY, Yi CF, Xu ZS, Guo DZ. Emulsifier-free emulsion polymerized poly(MMA-HEMA-Eu(AA)3Phen)/Fe3O4 magnetic fluorescent bifunctional nanospheres for magnetic resonance and optical imaging. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Potential stem cell labeling ability of poly-L-lysine complexed to ultrasmall iron oxide contrast agent: An optimization and relaxometry study. Exp Cell Res 2015; 339:427-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Granot D, Nkansah MK, Bennewitz MF, Tang KS, Markakis EA, Shapiro EM. Clinically viable magnetic poly(lactide-co-glycolide) particles for MRI-based cell tracking. Magn Reson Med 2015; 71:1238-50. [PMID: 23568825 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To design, fabricate, characterize, and in vivo assay clinically viable magnetic particles for MRI-based cell tracking. METHODS Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) encapsulated magnetic nano and microparticles were fabricated. Multiple biologically relevant experiments were performed to assess cell viability, cellular performance, and stem cell differentiation. In vivo MRI experiments were performed to separately test cell transplantation and cell migration paradigms, as well as in vivo biodegradation. RESULTS Highly magnetic nano (∼100 nm) and microparticles (∼1-2 µm) were fabricated. Magnetic cell labeling in culture occurred rapidly achieving 3-50 pg Fe/cell at 3 h for different particles types, and >100 pg Fe/cell after 10 h, without the requirement of a transfection agent, and with no effect on cell viability. The capability of magnetically labeled mesenchymal or neural stem cells to differentiate down multiple lineages, or for magnetically labeled immune cells to release cytokines following stimulation, was uncompromised. An in vivo biodegradation study revealed that NPs degraded ∼80% over the course of 12 weeks. MRI detected as few as 10 magnetically labeled cells, transplanted into the brains of rats. Also, these particles enabled the in vivo monitoring of endogenous neural progenitor cell migration in rat brains over 2 weeks. CONCLUSION The robust MRI properties and benign safety profile of these particles make them promising candidates for clinical translation for MRI-based cell tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Granot
- Molecular and Cellular MRI Laboratory, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Usman A, Sadat U, Patterson AJ, Tang TY, Varty K, Boyle JR, Armon MP, Hayes PD, Graves MJ, Gillard JH. Use of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles for imaging carotid atherosclerosis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:3077-3087. [PMID: 26420349 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the results of histopathological studies, inflammation within atherosclerotic tissue is now widely accepted as a key determinant of the disease process. Conventional imaging methods can highlight the location and degree of luminal stenosis but not the inflammatory activity of the plaque. Iron oxide-based MRI contrast media particularly ultrasmall supermagnetic particles of iron oxide have shown potential in assessing atheromatous plaque inflammation and in determining efficacy of antiatherosclerosis pharmacological treatments. In this paper, we review current data on the use of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides in atherosclerosis imaging with focus on ferumoxtran-10 and ferumoxytol. The basic chemistry, pharmacokinetics and dynamics, potential applications, limitations and future perspectives of these contrast media nanoparticles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Usman
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 218, Level 5, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Umar Sadat
- Cambridge Vascular Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrew J Patterson
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 218, Level 5, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tjun Y Tang
- Department of Surgery, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kevin Varty
- Cambridge Vascular Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jonathan R Boyle
- Cambridge Vascular Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mathew P Armon
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Paul D Hayes
- Cambridge Vascular Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Martin J Graves
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 218, Level 5, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jonathan H Gillard
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 218, Level 5, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Tracking Transplanted Stem Cells Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Nanoparticle Labeling Method in Urology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:231805. [PMID: 26413510 PMCID: PMC4564577 DOI: 10.1155/2015/231805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A reliable in vivo imaging method to localize transplanted cells and monitor their viability would enable a systematic investigation of cell therapy. Most stem cell transplantation studies have used immunohistological staining, which does not provide information about the migration of transplanted cells in vivo in the same host. Molecular imaging visualizes targeted cells in a living host, which enables determining the biological processes occurring in transplanted stem cells. Molecular imaging with labeled nanoparticles provides the opportunity to monitor transplanted cells noninvasively without sacrifice and to repeatedly evaluate them. Among several molecular imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high resolution and sensitivity of transplanted cells. MRI is a powerful noninvasive imaging modality with excellent image resolution for studying cellular dynamics.
Several types of nanoparticles including superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles have been used to magnetically label stem cells and monitor viability by MRI in the urologic field. This review focuses on the current role and limitations of MRI with labeled nanoparticles for tracking transplanted stem cells in urology.
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Cores J, Caranasos TG, Cheng K. Magnetically Targeted Stem Cell Delivery for Regenerative Medicine. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:526-46. [PMID: 26133387 PMCID: PMC4598669 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells play a special role in the body as agents of self-renewal and auto-reparation for tissues and organs. Stem cell therapies represent a promising alternative strategy to regenerate damaged tissue when natural repairing and conventional pharmacological intervention fail to do so. A fundamental impediment for the evolution of stem cell therapies has been the difficulty of effectively targeting administered stem cells to the disease foci. Biocompatible magnetically responsive nanoparticles are being utilized for the targeted delivery of stem cells in order to enhance their retention in the desired treatment site. This noninvasive treatment-localization strategy has shown promising results and has the potential to mitigate the problem of poor long-term stem cell engraftment in a number of organ systems post-delivery. In addition, these same nanoparticles can be used to track and monitor the cells in vivo, using magnetic resonance imaging. In the present review we underline the principles of magnetic targeting for stem cell delivery, with a look at the logic behind magnetic nanoparticle systems, their manufacturing and design variants, and their applications in various pathological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Cores
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC-Chapel Hill & NC State University, NC 27606, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Thomas G Caranasos
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Ke Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC-Chapel Hill & NC State University, NC 27606, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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Sharifi S, Seyednejad H, Laurent S, Atyabi F, Saei AA, Mahmoudi M. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for in vivo molecular and cellular imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 10:329-55. [PMID: 25882768 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the biomedical applications of nanoparticles (NPs) (e.g. cell tracking, biosensing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), targeted drug delivery, and tissue engineering) have been increasingly developed. Among the various NP types, superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs) have attracted considerable attention for early detection of diseases due to their specific physicochemical properties and their molecular imaging capabilities. A comprehensive review is presented on the recent advances in the development of in vitro and in vivo SPION applications for molecular imaging, along with opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Sharifi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Hajar Seyednejad
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic, and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Avenue Maistriau 19, B-7000, Mons, Belgium.,CMMI - Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ata Saei
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Ramos-Gómez M, Seiz EG, Martínez-Serrano A. Optimization of the magnetic labeling of human neural stem cells and MRI visualization in the hemiparkinsonian rat brain. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:20. [PMID: 25890124 PMCID: PMC4416262 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging is the ideal modality for non-invasive in vivo cell tracking allowing for longitudinal studies over time. Cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been shown to induce sufficient contrast for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging enabling the in vivo analysis of the final location of the transplanted cells. For magnetic nanoparticles to be useful, a high internalization efficiency of the particles is required without compromising cell function, as well as validation of the magnetic nanoparticles behaviour inside the cells. RESULTS In this work, we report the development, optimization and validation of an efficient procedure to label human neural stem cells with commercial nanoparticles in the absence of transfection agents. Magnetic nanoparticles used here do not affect cell viability, cell morphology, cell differentiation or cell cycle dynamics. Moreover, human neural stem cells progeny labeled with magnetic nanoparticles are easily and non-invasively detected long time after transplantation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (up to 5 months post-grafting) by magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the use of commercial MNPs to track cells for short- and mid-term periods after transplantation for studies of brain cell replacement therapy. Nevertheless, long-term MR images should be interpreted with caution due to the possibility that some MNPs may be expelled from the transplanted cells and internalized by host microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Ramos-Gómez
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Emma G Seiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa", Autonomous University of Madrid-C.S.I.C, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Martínez-Serrano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa", Autonomous University of Madrid-C.S.I.C, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Huang Z, Li C, Yang S, Xu J, Shen Y, Xie X, Dai Y, Lu H, Gong H, Sun A, Qian J, Ge J. Magnetic resonance hypointensive signal primarily originates from extracellular iron particles in the long-term tracking of mesenchymal stem cells transplanted in the infarcted myocardium. Int J Nanomedicine 2015. [PMID: 25767388 PMCID: PMC4354691 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s77858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The long-lasting hypointensities in cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) were believed to originate from superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-engulfed macrophages during long-term stem cell tracking. However, the iron clearance capacity of the ischemic heart was limited. Therefore, we speculated that the extracellular SPIO particles may also be involved in the generation of false-positive signals. METHODS AND RESULTS Male swine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were incubated with SPIO for 24 hours, and SPIO labeling had no significant effects on either cell viability or differentiation. In vitro studies showed that magnetic resonance failed to distinguish SPIO from living SPIO-MSCs or dead SPIO-MSCs. Two hours after the establishment of the female swine acute myocardial infarction model, 2×10(7) male SPIO-labeled MSCs (n=5) or unlabeled MSCs (n=5) were transextracardially injected into the infarcted myocardium at ten distinct sites. In vivo CMR with T2 star weighted imaging-flash-2D sequence revealed a signal void corresponding to the initial SPIO-MSC injection sites. At 6 months after transplantation, CMR identified 32 (64%) of the 50 injection sites, where massive Prussian blue-positive iron deposits were detected by pathological examination. However, iron particles were predominantly distributed in the extracellular space, and a minority was distributed within CD68-positive macrophages and other CD68-negative cells. No sex-determining region Y DNA of donor MSCs was detected. CONCLUSION CMR hypointensive signal is primarily caused by extracellular iron particles in the long-term tracking of transplanted MSCs after myocardial infarction. Consideration should be given to both the false-positive signal and the potential cardiac toxicity of long-standing iron deposits in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyong Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunli Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxing Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Dai
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gong
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juying Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Wei MQ, Wen DD, Wang XY, Huan Y, Yang Y, Xu J, Cheng K, Zheng MW. Experimental study of endothelial progenitor cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:3814-9. [PMID: 25529111 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have an essential role in counteracting risk factor‑induced endothelial injury and protecting against the development of vascular injury, such as myocardial infarction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was reported to be effective in tracking transplanted stem cells following cell‑labeling with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles. SPIO has previously been used to label and track EPCs; however, the safest concentration of SPIO for labeling EPCs on a cellular level has remained to be elucidated. In addition, the optimum number of SPIO‑labeled cells required to produce the highest quality magnetic resonance images has not yet been determined. In the present study, EPCs were isolated from the bone marrow of minipigs using density gradient centrifugation. Their biological activity was then studied using flow cytometric analysis. Cells were incubated at different concentrations of SPIO for different durations and then the growth curve, apoptosis, morphology and labeling efficiency of the EPCs were detected using optical and electron microscopy. T2‑weighted fast spin‑echo (T2WITSE) MRI of the different numbers of SPIO‑labeled EPCs (35 µg/ml) were then obtained in axial and sagittal planes. The results of the present study demonstrated that EPCs were efficiently labeled with SPIO, with a labeling efficiency in each group of ~100% following incubation for 24 h. SPIO was found to be localized in the endosomal vesicles of EPCs, which was confirmed by electron microscopy. When the concentration of SPIO was <70 µg/ml, no significant differences were observed in cell viability, proliferative capability (P>0.05) and morphology between labeled and unlabeled EPCs. Furthermore, the T2WITSE signal intensity was significantly decreased in the groups of 5.0x105/ml and 1.0x105/ml compared with that of the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that 35 µg/ml was the most effective concentration of SPIO to label EPCs in vitro and acquire a high quality MRI. These findings may therefore contribute to the development of a promising novel therapeutic method for the treatment of myocardial infarction following autograft with SPIO‑labeled EPCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Wei
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Di-Di Wen
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The People's Liberation Army No. 323 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Yi Huan
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Kang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Min-Wen Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Azzabi F, Rottmar M, Jovaisaite V, Rudin M, Sulser T, Boss A, Eberli D. Viability, differentiation capacity, and detectability of super-paramagnetic iron oxide-labeled muscle precursor cells for magnetic-resonance imaging. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 21:182-91. [PMID: 24988198 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies are a promising approach for the treatment of a variety of human conditions including stress urinary incontinence, but their success greatly depends on the biodistribution, migration, survival, and differentiation of the transplanted cells. Noninvasive in vivo cell tracking therefore presents an important aspect for translation of such a procedure into the clinics. Upon labeling with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, cells can be tracked by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but possible adverse effect of the labeling have to be considered when labeling stem cells with SPIOs. In this study, human muscle precursor cells (hMPC) were labeled with increasing concentrations of SPIO nanoparticles (100-1600 μg/mL) and cell viability and differentiation capacity upon labeling was assessed in vitro. While a linear dependence between cell viability and nanoparticle concentration could be observed, differentiation capacity was not affected by the presence of SPIOs. Using a nude mouse model, a concentration (400 μg/mL) could be defined that allows reliable detection of hMPCs by MRI but does not influence myogenic in vivo differentiation to mature and functional muscle tissue. This suggests that such an approach can be safely used in a clinical setting to track muscle regeneration in patients undergoing cell therapy without negative effects on the functionality of the bioengineered muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd Azzabi
- 1 Division of Urology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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Raabe N, Forberich E, Freund B, Bruns OT, Heine M, Kaul MG, Tromsdorf U, Herich L, Nielsen P, Reimer R, Hohenberg H, Weller H, Schumacher U, Adam G, Ittrich H. Determination of liver-specific r2 * of a highly monodisperse USPIO by (59) Fe iron core-labeling in mice at 3 T MRI. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 10:153-62. [PMID: 25078884 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Accurate determination of tissue concentration of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO) using T2 * MR relaxometry is still challenging. We present a reliable quantification method for local USPIO amount with the estimation of the liver specific relaxivity r2 * using monodisperse (59) Fe-core-labeled USPIO ((59) FeUSPIO). Dynamic and relaxometric in vivo characteristics of unlabeled monodisperse USPIO were determined in MRI at 3 T. The in vivo MR studies were performed for liver tissue with (59) FeUSPIO using iron dosages of 9 (n = 3), 18 (n = 2) and 27 (n = 3) µmol Fe kg(-1) body weight. The R2 * of the liver before and after USPIO injection (∆R2 *) was measured and correlated with (59) Fe activity measurements of excised organs by a whole body radioactivity counter (HAMCO) to define the dependency of ∆R2 * and (59) FeUSPIO liver concentration and calculate the r2 * of (59) FeUSPIO for the liver. Ultrastructural analysis of liver uptake was performed by histology and transmission electron microscopy. ∆R2 * of the liver revealed a dosage-dependent accumulation of (59) FeUSPIO with a percentage uptake of 70-88% of the injection dose. Hepatic ∆R2 * showed a dose-dependent linear correlation to (59) FeUSPIO activity measurements (r = 0.92) and an r2 * in the liver of 481 ± 74.9 mm(-1) s(-1) in comparison to an in vitro r2 * of 60.5 ± 3.3 mm(-1) s(-1) . Our results indicate that core-labeled (59) FeUSPIO can be used to quantify the local amount of USPIO and to estimate the liver-specific relaxivity r2 *.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Raabe
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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