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Wolfe PN, Stoker AM, Leary E, Crist BD, Bozynski CC, Cook JL. Evaluation of Serum and Urine Biomarker Panels for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Prior to Onset of Secondary Osteoarthritis. Cartilage 2024; 15:164-174. [PMID: 37051936 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231163032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate serum and urine biomarker panels for their capabilities in discriminating between individuals (13- to 34-years-olds) with healthy hips versus those with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) prior to diagnosis of secondary hip osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN Urine and serum were collected from individuals (15-33 years old) with DDH, prior to and following diagnosis of hip OA, and from age-matched healthy-hip controls. Samples were analyzed for panels of protein biomarkers with potential for differentiation of hip status using receiver operator characteristic curve (area under curve [AUC]) assessments. RESULTS Multiple urine and serum biomarker panels effectively differentiated individuals with DDH from healthy-hip controls in a population at risk for developing secondary hip OA with the best performing panel demonstrating an AUC of 0.959. The panel comprised of two serum and two urinary biomarkers provided the highest combined values for sensitivity, 0.85, and specificity, 1.00, while a panel of four serum biomarkers provided the highest sensitivity, 0.93, while maintaining adequate specificity, 0.71. CONCLUSION Results of this study indicate that panels of protein biomarkers measured in urine and serum may be able to differentiate young adults with DDH from young adults with healthy hips. These data suggest the potential for clinical application of a routine diagnostic method for cost-effective and timely screening for DDH in at-risk populations. Further development and validation of these biomarker panels may result in highly sensitive and specific tools for early diagnosis, staging, and prognostication of DDH, as well as treatment decision making and monitoring capabilities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston N Wolfe
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Aaron M Stoker
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Emily Leary
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brett D Crist
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Chantelle C Bozynski
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James L Cook
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Torga T, Suutre S, Kisand K, Aunapuu M, Arend A. Cartilage Collagen Neoepitope C2C Expression in the Articular Cartilage and Its Relation to Joint Tissue Damage in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1063. [PMID: 38791025 PMCID: PMC11117959 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological cleavage of type II collagen (Col2) and generation of Col2 neoepitopes can serve as useful molecular markers of the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). One of such potential biomarkers is type II collagen neoepitope C2C. The aim of this study was to correlate the degree of articular cartilage damage in OA patients with C2C expression in histological samples of tissues removed during total knee replacement. Cartilage samples were obtained from 27 patients ranging in age from 55 to 66 years. In each patient, medial and lateral tibia plateau samples were analyzed according to the OARSI histopathology grading system. The C2C expression was evaluated on histological slides by semi-quantitative analysis using ImageJ Fiji 2.14.0 software. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed a positive weak correlation (rho = 0.289, p = 0.0356) between the histological grade of tissue damage and the percentage of C2C staining. In addition, a highly significant positive correlation (rho = 0.388, p = 0.0041) was discovered between the osteoarthritis score (combining the histological grade of damage with the OA macroscopic stage) and the percentage of C2C staining in the samples. The C2C expression was detected in all the regions of the articular cartilage (i.e., the superficial zone, mid zone, deep zone and tidemark area, and the zone of calcified cartilage). Our findings imply that local expression of C2C correlates with the articular cartilage damage in OA-affected knees. This confirms that C2C can be used as a prospective marker for assessing pathological changes in the OA course and OA clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taavi Torga
- Department of Anatomy, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (S.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Siim Suutre
- Department of Anatomy, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (S.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Kalle Kisand
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Marina Aunapuu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (S.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Andres Arend
- Department of Anatomy, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (S.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
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Fan X, Sun AR, Young RSE, Afara IO, Hamilton BR, Ong LJY, Crawford R, Prasadam I. Spatial analysis of the osteoarthritis microenvironment: techniques, insights, and applications. Bone Res 2024; 12:7. [PMID: 38311627 PMCID: PMC10838951 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating degenerative disease affecting multiple joint tissues, including cartilage, bone, synovium, and adipose tissues. OA presents diverse clinical phenotypes and distinct molecular endotypes, including inflammatory, metabolic, mechanical, genetic, and synovial variants. Consequently, innovative technologies are needed to support the development of effective diagnostic and precision therapeutic approaches. Traditional analysis of bulk OA tissue extracts has limitations due to technical constraints, causing challenges in the differentiation between various physiological and pathological phenotypes in joint tissues. This issue has led to standardization difficulties and hindered the success of clinical trials. Gaining insights into the spatial variations of the cellular and molecular structures in OA tissues, encompassing DNA, RNA, metabolites, and proteins, as well as their chemical properties, elemental composition, and mechanical attributes, can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the disease subtypes. Spatially resolved biology enables biologists to investigate cells within the context of their tissue microenvironment, providing a more holistic view of cellular function. Recent advances in innovative spatial biology techniques now allow intact tissue sections to be examined using various -omics lenses, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, with spatial data. This fusion of approaches provides researchers with critical insights into the molecular composition and functions of the cells and tissues at precise spatial coordinates. Furthermore, advanced imaging techniques, including high-resolution microscopy, hyperspectral imaging, and mass spectrometry imaging, enable the visualization and analysis of the spatial distribution of biomolecules, cells, and tissues. Linking these molecular imaging outputs to conventional tissue histology can facilitate a more comprehensive characterization of disease phenotypes. This review summarizes the recent advancements in the molecular imaging modalities and methodologies for in-depth spatial analysis. It explores their applications, challenges, and potential opportunities in the field of OA. Additionally, this review provides a perspective on the potential research directions for these contemporary approaches that can meet the requirements of clinical diagnoses and the establishment of therapeutic targets for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Fan
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antonia Rujia Sun
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Reuben S E Young
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Isaac O Afara
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett R Hamilton
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Louis Jun Ye Ong
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross Crawford
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Indira Prasadam
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Shi D, Mei Y, Hao W, Li J, Liu S, Lin X. Biological functions and applications of LncRNAs in the regulation of the extracellular matrix in osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1330624. [PMID: 38259516 PMCID: PMC10800956 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1330624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability, characterized by chronic pain, irreversible destruction, and loss of function of the articular cartilage. The integrity and arrangement of the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are essential for maintaining the elasticity, integrity, and mechanical support function of the cartilage tissue. Osteoarthritis causes substantial changes in the ECM, driving the progression of the disease. Recent studies have shown that the ECM plays a critical role in the development of cartilage tissue as well as the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis by directly or indirectly regulating chondrocyte proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and gene expression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs derived from large transcripts. Mutations and disorders of lncRNAs are closely related to the development of osteoarthritis. Abnormal expression of lncRNAs in osteoarthritic cartilage regulates the synthesis and decomposition of the cartilaginous ECM. Therefore, the use of lncRNAs as nucleic acid drugs that regulate their targets may reduce ECM degradation, thereby delaying the pathological progression of osteoarthritis. In this review, the regulatory effects of lncRNAs on ECM in different cell behaviors related to OA are summarized. The roles of lncRNAs in the proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and ECM-related gene activity of chondrocytes, as well as the application of lncRNAs as potential gene therapy drugs for the repair and regeneration of osteoarthritic tissue, are also reviewed. A better understanding of the roles of lncRNAs in guiding chondrocyte behavior and ECM metabolism is critical for their future applications in osteoarthritis therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Shi
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yufeng Mei
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wan Hao
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Hannani MT, Thudium CS, Karsdal MA, Ladel C, Mobasheri A, Uebelhoer M, Larkin J, Bacardit J, Struglics A, Bay-Jensen AC. From biochemical markers to molecular endotypes of osteoarthritis: a review on validated biomarkers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:23-38. [PMID: 38353446 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2315282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) affects over 500 million people worldwide. OA patients are symptomatically treated, and current therapies exhibit marginal efficacy and frequently carry safety-risks associated with chronic use. No disease-modifying therapies have been approved to date leaving surgical joint replacement as a last resort. To enable effective patient care and successful drug development there is an urgent need to uncover the pathobiological drivers of OA and how these translate into disease endotypes. Endotypes provide a more precise and mechanistic definition of disease subgroups than observable phenotypes, and a panel of tissue- and pathology-specific biochemical markers may uncover treatable endotypes of OA. AREAS COVERED We have searched PubMed for full-text articles written in English to provide an in-depth narrative review of a panel of validated biochemical markers utilized for endotyping of OA and their association to key OA pathologies. EXPERT OPINION As utilized in IMI-APPROACH and validated in OAI-FNIH, a panel of biochemical markers may uncover disease subgroups and facilitate the enrichment of treatable molecular endotypes for recruitment in therapeutic clinical trials. Understanding the link between biochemical markers and patient-reported outcomes and treatable endotypes that may respond to given therapies will pave the way for new drug development in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica T Hannani
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Jonathan Larkin
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- SynOA Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jaume Bacardit
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - André Struglics
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Shan L, Liu M, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Zhang X, Meng H, Song Y, Zhang W, Sang Z. Chronic Iodine Intake Excess Damages the Structure of Articular Cartilage and Epiphyseal Growth Plate. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023:10.1007/s12011-023-03985-6. [PMID: 38060174 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the influence of excess iodine on the articular cartilage and epiphyseal growth plate in rats. Wistar rats (n = 200) were randomly divided into five groups with 40 rats in each: normal iodine (NI), 5-fold high iodine group (5HI), 10-fold high iodine group (10HI), 50-fold high iodine group (50HI), and 100-fold high iodine group (100HI). The rats were executed in 6 and 12 months. 24-h urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was monitored by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. The chemiluminescence method was used to determine the thyroid function. The pathological changes in the epiphyseal plate, articular cartilage, and thickness of the epiphyseal plate were observed. The mRNA expression of collagen II (ColII), collagen X, matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 in articular chondrocytes was detected by RT-PCR. 24-h UIC increased as iodine intake increased. In the 12th month, there was a significant increase in serum sTSH and a decrease in serum FT4 in HI groups, compared to the NI group. There was a decrease in the number of proliferating cells in the epiphyseal plate and an increase in the number of mast cell layers. The chondrocytes appeared disorganized, and the tidal lines were disturbed or even broken. Growth plate thickness decreased with increasing iodine intake. Compared with the NI group, ColII and MMP-13 mRNA expression in chondrocytes in all HI groups significantly increased. Chronic iodine overdose increases the risk of hypothyroidism. Chronic iodine overdose leads to abnormal morphology of epiphyseal growth plates and articular cartilage, increasing the risk of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Hand Microsurgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Le Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Comprehensive Office, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, China
| | - Zeji Wang
- Department of Medical Technology, Clinical Medical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinbao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Haohao Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhongna Sang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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7
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Xu R, Wu J, Zheng L, Zhao M. Undenatured type II collagen and its role in improving osteoarthritis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102080. [PMID: 37774932 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease, affecting 32.5 million US adults or 242 million people worldwide. There is no cure for OA. Many animal and clinical trials showed that oral administration of undenatured type II collagen could significantly reduce the incidence of OA or alleviate the symptoms of articular cartilage. Type II collagen is an important component of cartilage matrix. This article reviewed research progress of undenatured type II collagen including its methods of extraction and preparation, structure and characterization, solubility, thermal stability, gastrointestinal digestive stability, its role in improving OA, and the mechanism of its action in improving OA. Type II collagen has been extensively explored for its potential in improving arthritis. Methods of extraction of type II collagen are inefficient and tedious. The method of limited enzymatic hydrolysis is mainly used to prepare soluble undenatured type II collagen (SC II). The solubility, thermal and gastrointestinal digestive stability of SC II are affected by the sources of raw material, pH, salt ions, and temperature. Oral administration of undenatured type II collagen improves OA, whereas its activity is affected by the sources, degree of denaturalization, intervention methods and doses. However, the influence of the structure of undenatured type II collagen on its activity and the mechanism are unclear. The findings in this review support that undenatured type II collagen can be used in the intervention or auxiliary intervention of patients with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Suito H, Minamizono W, Yashima N, Matsunaga H, Fujikawa K, Ohsako M. Vector potential dual effect of promoting the proliferation of chondrocytes and inhibiting the calcification process in the articular cartilage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16845. [PMID: 37803162 PMCID: PMC10558497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OA commonly affects the articular cartilage of the tibia, and its calcification worsens its advancement and its prevalence has recently increased. Vector potential (VP) represents a novel physical therapy for treating OA. Since the impact of VP on articular cartilage remains unknown, we aimed to assess its effects on articular cartilage and its potential as a new treatment for OA. Here, we divided 24 male Wistar rats, 6-week-old, into control (CO, n = 12) and VP stimulus (n = 12) groups (VP conditions: volt, 67 mV; frequency, 20 kHz; current, 0.12 mA; experimental frequency, 30 min/days, 5 days/week, and 3 weeks). Articular cartilage can be classified into four layers: superficial, medial, deep, and calcified. Moreover, the number of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage was higher in the CO group compared to the VP group, although the calcified layer was thinner in the VP group. Furthermore, MKi67 exhibited higher expression in the VP group than in the CO group, while ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 was downregulated in the VP group. Our findings indicate that VP positively influenced chondrocyte proliferation and inhibited calcification in articular cartilage. Thus, VP stimulation may assist in the development of novel strategies for preventing OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirai Suito
- Graduate School of Human Life Design, Toyo University, 1-7-11 Akabanedai, Kita-Ku, Tokyo, 115-8650, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellowships DC, 5-3-1 Koji-Machi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Wataru Minamizono
- Graduate School of Human Life Design, Toyo University, 1-7-11 Akabanedai, Kita-Ku, Tokyo, 115-8650, Japan
| | - Nao Yashima
- Graduate School of Health Sports Science, Toyo University, 1-7-11 Akabanedai, Kita-Ku, Tokyo, 115-8650, Japan
| | - Hiroya Matsunaga
- Graduate School of Health Sports Science, Toyo University, 1-7-11 Akabanedai, Kita-Ku, Tokyo, 115-8650, Japan
| | - Kaoru Fujikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Density, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ohsako
- Graduate School of Health Sports Science, Toyo University, 1-7-11 Akabanedai, Kita-Ku, Tokyo, 115-8650, Japan
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Karsdal MA, Tambiah J, Felson D, Ladel C, Nikolov NP, Hodgins D, Bihlet AR, Neogi T, Baatenburg de Jong C, Bay-Jensen AC, Baron R, Laslop A, Mobasheri A, Kraus VB. Reflections from the OARSI 2022 clinical trials symposium: The pain of OA-Deconstruction of pain and patient-reported outcome measures for the benefit of patients and clinical trial design. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1293-1302. [PMID: 37380011 PMCID: PMC11184959 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) drug development is hampered by a number of challenges. One of the main challenges is the apparent discordance between pain and structure, which has had a significant impact on drug development programs and has led to hesitance among stakeholders. Since 2017, the Clinical Trials Symposium (CTS) has been hosted under the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) leadership. OARSI and the CTS steering committee yearly invite and encourage discussions on selected special subject matter between regulators, drug developers, clinicians, clinical researchers, biomarker specialists, and basic scientists to progress drug development in the OA field. METHOD The main topic for the 2022 OARSI CTS was to elucidate the many facets of pain in OA and to enable a discussion between regulators (Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA)) and drug developers to clarify outcomes and study designs for OA drug development. RESULTS Signs or symptoms indicative of nociceptive pain occur in 50-70% of OA patients, neuropathic-like pain in 15-30% of patients, and nociplastic pain in 15-50% of patients. Weight-bearing knee pain is associated with bone marrow lesions and effusions. There are currently no simple objective functional tests whose improvements correlate with patient perceptions. CONCLUSIONS The CTS participants, in collaboration with the FDA and EMA, raised several suggestions that they consider key to future clinical trials in OA including the need for more precise differentiation of pain symptoms and mechanisms, and methods to reduce placebo responses in OA trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark; Southern Danish University, Odense, Denmark.
| | - J Tambiah
- Biosplice Therapeutics, San Diego, USA
| | - D Felson
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Ladel
- CHL4special Consultancy, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N P Nikolov
- Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - D Hodgins
- Dynamic Metrics Limited, Codicote, UK
| | | | - T Neogi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - R Baron
- University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - A Laslop
- Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP), European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bundesamt für Sicherheit im Gesundheitswesen (BASG), Vienna, Austria
| | - A Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - V B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Felekkis K, Pieri M, Papaneophytou C. Exploring the Feasibility of Circulating miRNAs as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Osteoarthritis: Challenges and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13144. [PMID: 37685951 PMCID: PMC10487837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage degradation and joint inflammation. As the most common aging-related joint disease, OA is marked by inadequate extracellular matrix synthesis and the breakdown of articular cartilage. However, traditional diagnostic methods for OA, relying on clinical assessments and radiographic imaging, often need to catch up in detecting early-stage disease or i accurately predicting its progression. Consequently, there is a growing interest in identifying reliable biomarkers that can facilitate early diagnosis and prognosis of OA. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential candidates due to their involvement in various cellular processes, including cartilage homeostasis and inflammation. This review explores the feasibility of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in OA, focusing on knee OA while shedding light on the challenges and opportunities associated with their implementation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christos Papaneophytou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus; (K.F.); (M.P.)
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11
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Wang X, Cai Y, Wu C, Liang J, Tang K, Lin Z, Chen L, Lu Y, Wang Q. Conversion of senescent cartilage into a pro-chondrogenic microenvironment with antibody-functionalized copper sulfate nanoparticles for efficient osteoarthritis therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:258. [PMID: 37550685 PMCID: PMC10408088 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of osteoarthritis (OA) correlates with the expansion of senescent cells in cartilage, which contributes to an inflammatory microenvironment that accelerates matrix degradation and hampers cartilage generation. To address OA, we synthesized small copper sulfide nanoparticles functionalized with anti-beta-2-microglobulin antibodies (B2M-CuS NPs) that catalyze the formation of toxic •OH from H2O2 via peroxidase-like activity. These B2M-CuS NPs are specifically targeted to induce apoptosis in senescent chondrocytes while showing no toxicity toward normal chondrocytes. Furthermore, B2M-CuS NPs enhance the chondrogenesis of normal chondrocytes. Thus, B2M-CuS NPs can effectively treat OA by clearing senescent chondrocytes and promoting cartilage regeneration after intra-articular injection into the knee joints of surgery-induced OA mice. This study uses smart nanomaterials to treat OA with a synergistic strategy that both remodels senescent cartilage and creates a pro-chondrogenic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cuixi Wu
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Orthopedic Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiamin Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kangning Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zefeng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Orthopedic Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Wolfe PN, Stoker AM, Crist BD, Leary E, Bozynski CC, Cook JL. Evaluation of mechanistic serum and urine biomarkers for secondary osteoarthritis associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip. J Orthop 2023; 42:24-29. [PMID: 37601815 PMCID: PMC10435905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Determine measurable differences for mechanistic urine and serum biomarkers in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) prior to, and following, secondary hip osteoarthritis (OA) when compared to controls. Design Urine and serum were collected from individuals with developmental dysplasia of the hip (n = 39), prior to (Pre-OA DDH, n = 32) and following diagnosis of secondary hip OA (Post-OA DDH, n = 7), age-matched Pre-OA controls (n = 35), and age-matched Post-OA controls (n = 12). Samples were analyzed for protein biomarkers with potential for differentiation of hip status through a Mann-Whitney U test with a Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Results Several interleukin and degradation related proteins were found to be differentially expressed when comparing DDH-related hip status prior to and following diagnosis of hip OA. In addition, MCP-1 and TIMP-1 were significantly different between younger and older patients in the control cohorts. Conclusion These results provide initial evidence for serum and urine protein biomarkers that define clinically relevant stages of symptomatic DDH and its progression to secondary hip osteoarthritis categorized by known mechanisms of disease. Level of evidence III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston N. Wolfe
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Arthrex, Inc, Naples, FL, United States
| | - Aaron M. Stoker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Brett D. Crist
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Emily Leary
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Chantelle C. Bozynski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - James L. Cook
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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13
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Alcaide-Ruggiero L, Cugat R, Domínguez JM. Proteoglycans in Articular Cartilage and Their Contribution to Chondral Injury and Repair Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10824. [PMID: 37446002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are vital components of the extracellular matrix in articular cartilage, providing biomechanical properties crucial for its proper functioning. They are key players in chondral diseases, specifically in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. Evaluating proteoglycan molecules can serve as a biomarker for joint degradation in osteoarthritis patients, as well as assessing the quality of repaired tissue following different treatment strategies for chondral injuries. Despite ongoing research, understanding osteoarthritis and cartilage repair remains unclear, making the identification of key molecules essential for early diagnosis and effective treatment. This review offers an overview of proteoglycans as primary molecules in articular cartilage. It describes the various types of proteoglycans present in both healthy and damaged cartilage, highlighting their roles. Additionally, the review emphasizes the importance of assessing proteoglycans to evaluate the quality of repaired articular tissue. It concludes by providing a visual and narrative description of aggrecan distribution and presence in healthy cartilage. Proteoglycans, such as aggrecan, biglycan, decorin, perlecan, and versican, significantly contribute to maintaining the health of articular cartilage and the cartilage repair process. Therefore, studying these proteoglycans is vital for early diagnosis, evaluating the quality of repaired cartilage, and assessing treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Alcaide-Ruggiero
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
- Fundación García-Cugat, Plaza Alfonso Comín 5-7, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Cugat
- Fundación García-Cugat, Plaza Alfonso Comín 5-7, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Cugat y Mutualidad de Futbolistas Españoles, Delegación Catalana, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Domínguez
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
- Fundación García-Cugat, Plaza Alfonso Comín 5-7, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Sandhu A, Rockel JS, Lively S, Kapoor M. Emerging molecular biomarkers in osteoarthritis pathology. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2023; 15:1759720X231177116. [PMID: 37359177 PMCID: PMC10288416 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x231177116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis resulting in joint discomfort and disability, culminating in decline in life quality. Attention has been drawn in recent years to disease-associated molecular biomarkers found in readily accessible biofluids due to low invasiveness of acquisition and their potential to detect early pathological molecular changes not observed with traditional imaging methodology. These biochemical markers of OA have been found in synovial fluid, blood, and urine. They include emerging molecular classes, such as metabolites and noncoding RNAs, as well as classical biomarkers, like inflammatory mediators and by-products of degradative processes involving articular cartilage. Although blood-based biomarkers tend to be most studied, the use of synovial fluid, a more isolated biofluid in the synovial joint, and urine as an excreted fluid containing OA biomarkers can offer valuable information on local and overall disease activity, respectively. Furthermore, larger clinical studies are required to determine relationships between biomarkers in different biofluids, and their impacts on patient measures of OA. This narrative review provides a concise overview of recent studies of OA using these four classes of biomarkers as potential biomarker for measuring disease incidence, staging, prognosis, and therapeutic intervention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sandhu
- Division of Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis Research Program, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason S. Rockel
- Division of Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis Research Program, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Starlee Lively
- Division of Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis Research Program, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Division of Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis Research Program, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, 5th Floor Krembil Discovery Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Ouyang Z, Dong L, Yao F, Wang K, Chen Y, Li S, Zhou R, Zhao Y, Hu W. Cartilage-Related Collagens in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9841. [PMID: 37372989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagens serve essential mechanical functions throughout the body, particularly in the connective tissues. In articular cartilage, collagens provide most of the biomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix essential for its function. Collagen plays a very important role in maintaining the mechanical properties of articular cartilage and the stability of the ECM. Noteworthily, many pathogenic factors in the course of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, such as mechanical injury, inflammation, and senescence, are involved in the irreversible degradation of collagen, leading to the progressive destruction of cartilage. The degradation of collagen can generate new biochemical markers with the ability to monitor disease progression and facilitate drug development. In addition, collagen can also be used as a biomaterial with excellent properties such as low immunogenicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and hydrophilicity. This review not only provides a systematic description of collagen and analyzes the structural characteristics of articular cartilage and the mechanisms of cartilage damage in disease states but also provides a detailed characterization of the biomarkers of collagen production and the role of collagen in cartilage repair, providing ideas and techniques for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230032, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230032, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
| | - Shufang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
| | - Renpeng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230032, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230601, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230032, China
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16
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Lihua C, Zhiyin T. Microplastics aggravates rheumatoid arthritis by affecting the proliferation/migration/inflammation of fibroblast-like synovial cells by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110268. [PMID: 37201404 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease involving multiple joints. RA is a systemic disease characterized by chronic synovial inflammation and destruction of articular cartilage and bone. As a new pollutant, microplastics can enter the body through the respiratory and digestive tract and cause health damage. However, to date, the impact of microplastics on RA has not been revealed. Therefore, in the current research, we explored the impact of microplastics on RA. First, FLS (fibroblast-like synoviocytes) from RA was isolated and identified. FLS has been used as a cell model in vivo to study the potential impact of microplastics on FLS. Therefore, a series of biochemical experiments have been carried out, such as indirect immunofluorescence, western blotting and flow cytometry. First, we found that microplastics promote the proliferation of RA-FLSs through the MTT assay and the detection of cell proliferation markers and the cell cycle analysis through flow cytometry. On this basis, further research showed that microplastics also promoted the invasion and migration ability of RA-FLSs through Transwell experiments. In addition, microplastics also promote the secretion of inflammatory factors in RA-FLSs. In in vivo studies, the effect of microplastics on RA cartilage damage was evaluated. The results showed that RA cartilage damage was aggravated by microplastics, as determined by Alcian blue, toluidine blue and safranin O-fast green staining. Current research shows that microplastics, as a new pollutant, can promote sustained damage in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Lihua
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Tang Zhiyin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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17
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Motta F, Barone E, Sica A, Selmi C. Inflammaging and Osteoarthritis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 64:222-238. [PMID: 35716253 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent disease particularly in subjects over 65 years of age worldwide. While in the past it was considered a mere consequence of cartilage degradation leading to anatomical and functional joint impairment, in recent decades, there has been a more dynamic view with the synovium, the cartilage, and the subchondral bone producing inflammatory mediators which ultimately lead to cartilage damage. Inflammaging is defined as a chronic, sterile, low-grade inflammation state driven by endogenous signals in the absence of infections, occurring with aging. This chronic status is linked to the production of reactive oxygen species and molecules involved in the development of age-related disease such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Inflammaging contributes to osteoarthritis development where both the innate and the adaptive immune response are involved. Elevated systemic and local inflammatory cytokines and senescent molecules promote cartilage degradation, and antigens derived from damaged joints further trigger inflammation through inflammasome activation. B and T lymphocyte populations also change with inflammaging and OA, with reduced regulatory functions, thus implicating self-reactivity as an additional mechanism of joint damage. The discovery of the underlying pathogenic pathways may help to identify potential therapeutic targets for the management or the prevention of osteoarthritis. We will provide a comprehensive evaluation of the current literature on the role of inflammaging in osteoarthritis and discuss the emerging therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Motta
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Barone
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
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18
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Xu N, Yu Y, Duan C, Wei J, Sun W, Jiang C, Jian B, Cao W, Jia L, Ma X. Quantitative proteomics identifies and validates urinary biomarkers of rhabdomyosarcoma in children. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:10. [PMID: 36918772 PMCID: PMC10012572 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma with poor prognosis in children. The 5-year survival rate for early RMS has improved, whereas it remains unsatisfactory for advanced patients. Urine can rapidly reflect changes in the body and identify low-abundance proteins. Early screening of tumor markers through urine in RMS allows for earlier treatment, which is associated with better outcomes. METHODS RMS patients under 18 years old, including those newly diagnosed and after surgery, were enrolled. Urine samples were collected at the time points of admission and after four cycles of chemotherapy during follow-up. Then, a two-stage workflow was established. (1) In the discovery stage, differential proteins (DPs) were initially identified in 43 RMS patients and 12 healthy controls (HCs) using a data-independent acquisition method. (2) In the verification stage, DPs were further verified as biomarkers in 54 RMS patients and 25 HCs using parallel reaction monitoring analysis. Furthermore, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to construct the protein panels for the diagnosis of RMS. Gene Ontology (GO) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software were used to perform bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS A total of 251 proteins were significantly altered in the discovery stage, most of which were enriched in the head, neck and urogenital tract, consistent with the most common sites of RMS. The most overrepresented biological processes from GO analysis included immunity, inflammation, tumor invasion and neuronal damage. Pathways engaging the identified proteins revealed 33 common pathways, including WNT/β-catenin signaling and PI3K/AKT signaling. Finally, 39 proteins were confirmed as urinary biomarkers for RMS, and a diagnostic panel composed of 5 candidate proteins (EPS8L2, SPARC, HLA-DRB1, ACAN, and CILP) was constructed for the early screening of RMS (AUC: 0.79, 95%CI = 0.66 ~ 0.92). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide novel biomarkers in urine that are easy to translate into clinical diagnosis of RMS and illustrate the value of global and targeted urine proteomics to identify and qualify candidate biomarkers for noninvasive molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xu
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Beijing, 100045, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuncui Yu
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Chao Duan
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Proteomics Research Center, Core Facility of Instruments, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chiyi Jiang
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Binglin Jian
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wang Cao
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Lulu Jia
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Beijing, 100045, China.
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19
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Morgan K, Cowburn J, Farrow M, Carter J, Cazzola D, Walhin JP, McKay C. Understanding the role of physical activity on the pathway from intra-articular knee injury to post-traumatic osteoarthritis disease in young people: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067147. [PMID: 36868595 PMCID: PMC9990625 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of intra-articular knee injuries and reparative surgeries is increasing in many countries. Alarmingly, there is a risk of developing post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) after sustaining a serious intra-articular knee injury. Although physical inactivity is suggested as a risk factor contributing to the high prevalence of the condition, there is a paucity of research characterising the association between physical activity and joint health. Consequently, the primary aim of this review will be to identify and present available empirical evidence regarding the association between physical activity and joint degeneration after intra-articular knee injury and summarise the evidence using an adapted Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluations. The secondary aim will be to identify potential mechanistic pathways through which physical activity could influence PTOA pathogenesis. The tertiary aim will be to highlight gaps in current understanding of the association between physical activity and joint degeneration following joint injury. METHODS A scoping review will be conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and best-practice recommendations. The review will be guided by the following research question: what is the role of physical activity in the trajectory from intra-articular knee injury to PTOA in young men and women? We will identify primary research studies and grey literature by searching the electronic databases Scopus, Embase: Elsevier, PubMed, Web of Science: all databases, and Google Scholar. Reviewing pairs will screen abstracts, full texts and will extract data. Data will be presented descriptively using charts, graphs, plots and tables. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This research does not require ethical approval due to the data being published and publicly available. This review will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed sports medicine journal irrespective of discoveries and disseminated through scientific conference presentations and social media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER https://osf.io/84pnh/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Morgan
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- University of Bath, Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (CHI2PS), Bath, UK
- University of Bath, Centre for Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (CNEM), Bath, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - James Cowburn
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- University of Bath, Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (CHI2PS), Bath, UK
| | - Matthew Farrow
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- University of Bath, Centre for Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (CNEM), Bath, UK
| | - Josh Carter
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- University of Bath, Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (CHI2PS), Bath, UK
| | - Dario Cazzola
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- University of Bath, Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (CHI2PS), Bath, UK
- University of Bath, Centre for the Analysis of Motion, Entertainment Research and Applications (CAMERA), Bath, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Walhin
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- University of Bath, Centre for Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (CNEM), Bath, UK
| | - Carly McKay
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- University of Bath, Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (CHI2PS), Bath, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Rapp AE, Zaucke F. Cartilage extracellular matrix-derived matrikines in osteoarthritis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C377-C394. [PMID: 36571440 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00464.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is among the most frequent diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Degradation of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) is a hallmark of OA. During the degradation process, intact/full-length proteins and proteolytic fragments are released which then might induce different downstream responses via diverse receptors, therefore leading to different biological consequences. Collagen type II and the proteoglycan aggrecan are the most abundant components of the cartilage ECM. However, over the last decades, a large number of minor components have been identified and for some of those, a role in the manifold processes associated with OA has already been demonstrated. To date, there is still no therapy able to halt or cure OA. A better understanding of the matrikine landscape occurring with or even preceding obvious degenerative changes in joint tissues is needed and might help to identify molecules that could serve as biomarkers, druggable targets, or even be blueprints for disease modifying drug OA drugs. For this narrative review, we screened PubMed for relevant literature in the English language and summarized the current knowledge regarding the function of selected ECM molecules and the derived matrikines in the context of cartilage and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Rapp
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Styrkarsdottir U, Lund SH, Thorleifsson G, Saevarsdottir S, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K. Cartilage Acidic Protein 1 in Plasma Associates With Prevalent Osteoarthritis and Predicts Future Risk as Well as Progression to Joint Replacements: Results From the UK Biobank Resource. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 75:544-552. [PMID: 36239377 DOI: 10.1002/art.42376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The level of cartilage acidic protein 1 (CRTAC1) in plasma was recently discovered to be associated with osteoarthritis (OA) risk and progression to joint replacement in Iceland. This study was undertaken to validate these findings in an independent population. METHODS In this study, 1,462 plasma proteins were measured in 54,265 participants from the UK Biobank on the Olink Explore platform. We analyzed the association of plasma proteins with prevalent OA, incident OA, and progression to joint replacement. We assessed the specificity of OA association through comparison of associations with inflammatory joint diseases and with previous joint replacement. RESULTS The CRTAC1 protein showed the strongest association with prevalent knee OA (odds ratio [OR] 1.34 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.27, 1.41]) and was associated with hip OA (OR 1.19 [95% CI 1.11, 1.28]). It predicted incident diagnosis of OA in the knee (hazard ratio [HR] 1.40 [95% CI 1.35, 1.46]) and hip (HR 1.25 [95% CI 1.19, 1.31]), as well as progression to joint replacement (HR 1.20 [95% CI 1.08, 1.33] for the knee and HR 1.22 [95% CI 1.08, 1.38] for the hip), while no association was found with inflammatory joint diseases. Individuals in the highest quintile of risk based on CRTAC1 level, age, sex, and body mass index had a 10-fold risk of knee or hip OA within 5 years compared to those in the lowest quintile. Adding aggrecan core protein (ACAN) and neurocan core protein (NCAN) to the model improved the prediction of OA but not joint replacement. Furthermore, we replicated the association of CUB domain-containing protein 1 with prior joint replacement. CONCLUSION Plasma CRTAC1 is a specific biomarker for OA and a predictor of OA risk and progression to joint replacement. Adding ACAN and NCAN protein levels to the CRTAC1 model improved the prediction of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Saedis Saevarsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Department of Medicine, and Landspitali The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., and School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., and Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., and Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Biglycan neo-epitope (BGN 262), a novel biomarker for screening early changes in equine osteoarthritic subchondral bone. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:1328-1336. [PMID: 35870736 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Native biglycan (BGN), which can undergo proteolytic cleavage in pathological conditions, is well known to be involved in bone formation and mineralization. This study aimed to delineate the specific cleavage fragment, a neo-epitope for BGN (BGN262), in synovial fluid (SF) from young racehorses in training, osteoarthritic (OA) joints with subchondral bone sclerosis (SCBS), and chip fracture joints. DESIGN A custom-made inhibition ELISA was developed to quantify BGN262 in SF. Cohort 1: A longitudinal study comprising 10 racehorses undergoing long-term training. Cohort 2: A cross-sectional study comprising joints from horses (N = 69) with different stages of OA and radiographically classified SCBS. Cohort 3: A cross-sectional study comprising horses (N = 9) with chip fractures. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed (healthy joints vs chip joints) to evaluate BGN262 robustness. RESULTS Cohort 1: SF BGN262 levels from racehorses showed a statistical increase during the first 6 months of the training period. Cohort 2: BGN262 levels were significantly higher in the SF from severe SCBS joints. Cohort 3: SF BGN262 levels in chip fracture joints showed a significant increase compared to normal joints. The ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.957 (95% C.I 0.868-1.046), indicating good separation between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The data presented show that BGN262 levels increase in SF in correlation with the initiation of training, severity of SCBS, and presence of chip fractures. This suggests that BGN262 is a potential predictor and a novel biomarker for early changes in subchondral bone (SCB), aiming to prevent catastrophic injuries in racehorses.
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23
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Angelini F, Widera P, Mobasheri A, Blair J, Struglics A, Uebelhoer M, Henrotin Y, Marijnissen AC, Kloppenburg M, Blanco FJ, Haugen IK, Berenbaum F, Ladel C, Larkin J, Bay-Jensen AC, Bacardit J. Osteoarthritis endotype discovery via clustering of biochemical marker data. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:666-675. [PMID: 35246457 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoarthritis (OA) patient stratification is an important challenge to design tailored treatments and drive drug development. Biochemical markers reflecting joint tissue turnover were measured in the IMI-APPROACH cohort at baseline and analysed using a machine learning approach in order to study OA-dominant phenotypes driven by the endotype-related clusters and discover the driving features and their disease-context meaning. METHOD Data quality assessment was performed to design appropriate data preprocessing techniques. The k-means clustering algorithm was used to find dominant subgroups of patients based on the biochemical markers data. Classification models were trained to predict cluster membership, and Explainable AI techniques were used to interpret these to reveal the driving factors behind each cluster and identify phenotypes. Statistical analysis was performed to compare differences between clusters with respect to other markers in the IMI-APPROACH cohort and the longitudinal disease progression. RESULTS Three dominant endotypes were found, associated with three phenotypes: C1) low tissue turnover (low repair and articular cartilage/subchondral bone turnover), C2) structural damage (high bone formation/resorption, cartilage degradation) and C3) systemic inflammation (joint tissue degradation, inflammation, cartilage degradation). The method achieved consistent results in the FNIH/OAI cohort. C1 had the highest proportion of non-progressors. C2 was mostly linked to longitudinal structural progression, and C3 was linked to sustained or progressive pain. CONCLUSIONS This work supports the existence of differential phenotypes in OA. The biomarker approach could potentially drive stratification for OA clinical trials and contribute to precision medicine strategies for OA progression in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03883568.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweł Widera
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liege, Belgium
| | - Joseph Blair
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
| | - André Struglics
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Yves Henrotin
- Artialis SA, Liège, Belgium.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- Rheumatology, Leiden Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Servicio de Reumatologia, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ida K Haugen
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francis Berenbaum
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Jaume Bacardit
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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