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de Groot VA, Trueman C, Bates AE. Incorporating otolith-isotope inferred field metabolic rate into conservation strategies. Conserv Physiol 2024; 12:coae013. [PMID: 38666227 PMCID: PMC11044438 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluctuating ocean conditions are rearranging whole networks of marine communities-from individual-level physiological thresholds to ecosystem function. Physiological studies support predictions from individual-level responses (biochemical, cellular, tissue, respiratory potential) based on laboratory experiments. The otolith-isotope method of recovering field metabolic rate has recently filled a gap for the bony fishes, linking otolith stable isotope composition to in situ oxygen consumption and experienced temperature estimates. Here, we review the otolith-isotope method focusing on the biochemical and physiological processes that yield estimates of field metabolic rate. We identify a multidisciplinary pathway in the application of this method, providing concrete research goals (field, modeling) aimed at linking individual-level physiological data to higher levels of biological organization. We hope that this review will provide researchers with a transdisciplinary 'roadmap', guiding the use of the otolith-isotope method to bridge the gap between individual-level physiology, observational field studies, and modeling efforts, while ensuring that in situ data is central in marine policy-making aimed at mitigating climatic and anthropogenic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valesca A de Groot
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
- University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BCV8 P5C2, Canada
| | - Clive Trueman
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO1 43ZH, UK
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
- University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BCV8 P5C2, Canada
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2
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Dupéré V, Dion E, Pelletier-Dumas M, Lacourse E, Archambault I, Cantin S, Ahn JS. Diseases of despair in early adulthood: The complex role of social relationships. Dev Psychol 2024:2024-69056-001. [PMID: 38557066 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
"Diseases of despair," most prominently depressive and substance-related problems, diminish the prospects of many young adults, especially those with lower levels of education. Yet many young adults in that situation avoid these problems. Close relationships are thought to be a key factor underpinning risk and resilience among this group. To examine this premise, this study explored links, beyond potential confounders assessed in adolescence, between strengths and strains in the social domain and markers of despair in the early and mid-20s in a Canadian sample overrepresenting youth without postsecondary credentials (N = 543, 52% male, 23% non-White). Having a good general ability to maintain supportive relationships was associated with fewer depressive and substance-related symptoms. Furthermore, support and less strain in relationships with parents and friends were associated with fewer depressive symptoms in the early and mid-20s, while for romantic relationships, associations with depressive symptoms became more consistent and robust in the mid-20s. Therefore, support and strains in romantic relationships gradually gained prominence as a determinant of depressive symptoms as youth advanced in adulthood. For substance-related problems, significant associations emerged for strains in friendships only, in both the early and mid-20s. These results suggest that multiple aspects of relationships pose a risk for or protect from the development of diseases of despair in early adulthood and that their relative importance changes depending on outcomes and developmental timing. Thus, facilitating meaningful social connections and reducing the prevalence and impact of relationship strains might contribute to preventing diseases of despair among youth with lower educational attainment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Dion
- Departement d'Education et Formation Specialisees, Universite du Quebec a Montreal
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3
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Zambrano Garza E, Murphy RA, Linden W, Ashe MC, Madden KM, Jakobi JM, DeLongis A, Gerstorf D, Hoppmann CA. Daily Rumination-Affect Associations in Dyads During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbad187. [PMID: 38134244 PMCID: PMC10873859 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Negative and repetitive self-oriented thinking (rumination) is associated with lower well-being and health. The social context of rumination remains underexplored and mostly centers on marital relationships. To embrace the diversity of older adult relationships, this study includes a range of different relationships (e.g., spouses, siblings, friends, etc.) and examines the role of rumination by close others on individual well-being during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. METHODS Using daily diary data from 140 Canadian older adults (M = 72.21 years, standard deviation [SD] = 5.39, range: 63-87 years, 47% women, 71% university educated) and a close other of their choice (M = 59.95 years, SD = 16.54, range: 18-83 years, 78% women, 81% university educated), this project builds on past research examining daily life rumination dynamics from a dyadic perspective. For 10 days, both dyad members reported their daily rumination and affect quality in the evening. RESULTS Multilevel models replicate past work showing that individual rumination was associated with higher negative affect (within-person: b = 0.27, p < .001, between-person: b = 0.57, p < .001) and lower positive affect (within-person: b = -0.18, p < .001, between-person: b = -0.29, p < .001). Importantly, we additionally observed that partner rumination was associated with higher negative affect (b = 0.03, p = .038) and lower positive affect (b = -0.04, p = .023), highlighting the social context of rumination. DISCUSSION Findings illustrate the significance of rumination for the self and others and underline the merit of taking a dyadic perspective on what is typically viewed as an individual-level phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel A Murphy
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Linden
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maureen C Ashe
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kenneth M Madden
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Jakobi
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anita DeLongis
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Denis Gerstorf
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane A Hoppmann
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Liu M, Lai Y, Marquez M, Vetrone F, Liang J. Short-wave Infrared Photoluminescence Lifetime Mapping of Rare-Earth Doped Nanoparticles Using All-Optical Streak Imaging. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2305284. [PMID: 38183381 PMCID: PMC10953585 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The short-wave infrared (SWIR) photoluminescence lifetimes of rare-earth doped nanoparticles (RENPs) have found diverse applications in fundamental and applied research. Despite dazzling progress in the novel design and synthesis of RENPs with attractive optical properties, existing optical systems for SWIR photoluminescence lifetime imaging are still considerably restricted by inefficient photon detection, limited imaging speed, and low sensitivity. To overcome these challenges, SWIR photoluminescence lifetime imaging microscopy using an all-optical streak camera (PLIMASC) is developed. Synergizing scanning optics and a high-sensitivity InGaAs CMOS camera, SWIR-PLIMASC has a 1D imaging speed of up to 138.9 kHz in the spectral range of 900-1700 nm, which quantifies the photoluminescence lifetime of RENPs in a single shot. A 2D photoluminescence lifetime map can be acquired by 1D scanning of the sample. To showcase the power of SWIR-PLIMASC, a series of core-shell RENPs with distinct SWIR photoluminescence lifetimes is synthesized. In particular, using Er3+ -doped RENPs, SWIR-PLIMASC enables multiplexed anti-counterfeiting. Leveraging Ho3+ -doped RENPs as temperature indicators, this system is applied to SWIR photoluminescence lifetime-based thermometry. Opening up a new avenue for efficient SWIR photoluminescence lifetime mapping, this work is envisaged to contribute to advanced materials characterization, information science, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité du Québec1650 boulevard Lionel‐Boulet, VarennesQuébecJ3X1P7Canada
| | - Yingming Lai
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité du Québec1650 boulevard Lionel‐Boulet, VarennesQuébecJ3X1P7Canada
| | - Miguel Marquez
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité du Québec1650 boulevard Lionel‐Boulet, VarennesQuébecJ3X1P7Canada
| | - Fiorenzo Vetrone
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité du Québec1650 boulevard Lionel‐Boulet, VarennesQuébecJ3X1P7Canada
| | - Jinyang Liang
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité du Québec1650 boulevard Lionel‐Boulet, VarennesQuébecJ3X1P7Canada
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5
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Kunzmann U, Nestler S, Lücke AJ, Katzorreck M, Hoppmann CA, Wahl HW, Schilling O, Gerstorf D. Three facets of emotion regulation in old and very old age: Strategy use, effectiveness, and variability. Emotion 2024; 24:316-328. [PMID: 37535568 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to regulate emotions in stressful situations is an important building block for high well-being across the lifespan. Yet, very little is known about how old and very old adults regulate their emotions. In this study, 123 young old adults (Mage = 67.18, SD = 0.94) and 47 very old adults (Mage = 86.70, SD = 1.46) were prompted 6 times a day for 7 consecutive days to report both their stressors and 10 emotion regulation strategies. Overall, there was little indication of age differences in the use of emotion regulation strategies during exposure to stressors, but very old, as compared with young old, individuals used three of the 10 strategies considered here more intensively. The 10 emotion regulation strategies were similarly effective across age groups based on their association with perceived overall emotion regulation success. We also did not find age group differences in within-strategy variability, defined as the variation in using a given strategy across stressor situations. By contrast, between-strategy variability, defined as the selective use of fewer rather than many strategies across stressor situations, was lower for very old participants. Only between-strategy, and not within-strategy, variability contributed to overall emotion regulation success. There was no age group difference in this regard. Taken together, the evidence suggests small age differences in emotion regulation if at all. This is noteworthy given the advanced age of the very old subsample in this study and the deficits in multiple domains of functioning reported in the literature for this advanced age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Kunzmann
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute for Psychology, Lifespan Psychology Lab, University of Leipzig
| | - Steffen Nestler
- Institute for Psychology, Statistics and Psychological Methods Working Unit, University of Munster
| | - Anna J Lücke
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Psychological Ageing Research, Heidelberg University
| | - Martin Katzorreck
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute for Psychology, Lifespan Psychology Lab, University of Leipzig
| | - Christiane A Hoppmann
- Department of Psychology, Personality, Aging, and Health Research Laboratory, University of British Columbia
| | - Hans-Werner Wahl
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Psychological Ageing Research, Heidelberg University
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Psychological Ageing Research, Heidelberg University
| | - Denis Gerstorf
- Department of Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humboldt University
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6
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Zhao Z, Yu W, Yang W, Zhang G, Huang C, Han J, Narain R, Zeng H. Dual-Protection Inorganic-Protein Coating on Mg-Based Biomaterials through Tooth-Enamel-Inspired Biomineralization. Adv Mater 2024:e2313211. [PMID: 38339916 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Biocompatible magnesium alloys represent revolutionary implantable materials in dentistry and orthopedics but face challenges due to rapid biocorrosion, necessitating protective coatings to mitigate dysfunction. Directly integrating durable protective coatings onto Mg surfaces is challenging because of intrinsic low coating compactness. Herein, inspired by tooth enamel, a novel highly compact dual-protection inorganic-protein (inorganicPro) coating is in situ constructed on Mg surfaces through bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein-boosted reaction between sodium fluoride (NaF) and Mg substrates. The association of Mg ions and BSA establishes a local hydrophobic domain that lowers the formation enthalpy of NaMgF3 nanoparticles. This process generates finer nanoparticles that function as "bricks," facilitating denser packing, consequently reducing voidage inside coatings by over 50% and reinforcing mechanical durability. Moreover, the incorporation of BSA in and on the coatings plays two synergistic roles: 1) acting as "mortar" to seal residual cracks within coatings, thereby promoting coating compactness and tripling anticorrosion performance, and 2) mitigating fouling-accelerated biocorrosion in complex biosystems via tenfold resistance against biofoulant attachments, including biofluids, proteins, and metabolites. This innovative strategy, leveraging proteins to alter inorganic reactions, benefits the future coating design for Mg-based and other metallic materials with tailored anticorrosion and antifouling performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Wenting Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wenshuai Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Guohao Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Charley Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Jianmin Han
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
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7
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Whittaker BA, Balasubramanian G, Camacho-Alpízar A, Lambert CT, Guillette LM. The roles of social information, asocial information, and initial bias in nest-building decisions. J Comp Psychol 2024:2024-52041-001. [PMID: 38330314 DOI: 10.1037/com0000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Animals can use asocial (e.g., environmental cues) or social (e.g., conspecific behavior) information when making decisions. We investigated decisions made by zebra finches when asocial and social sources conveyed agreeing or conflicting information, and assessed the influence of initial bias on decision making. Finches completed an initial preference test ranking preference for three colors of nest-building material. Birds in the agree group (n = 14) then observed demonstrators build nests using nonpreferred color material (social information) that matched the environment color (asocial information). Birds in the conflict group (n = 15) observed demonstrators build nests with nonpreferred color material that did not match the cage environment (another nonpreferred color). A final preference test assessed any changes in color preference. The agree group reduced average preference for their initially preferred color, but did not significantly increase average preference for the asocial/social colors. The conflict group also reduced average preference for the initially preferred color and also increased preference for the socially demonstrated color. Observers with stronger initial bias were less likely to choose the socially demonstrated color than observers with weaker initial bias. This shows that social information informs nest-building decisions, even when in conflict with asocial information. However, bias influences social information use and adds nuance to how different individuals use information when making decisions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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8
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Becker M, Fehr K, Goguen S, Miliku K, Field C, Robertson B, Yonemitsu C, Bode L, Simons E, Marshall J, Dawod B, Mandhane P, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Subbarao P, Rodriguez N, Aghaeepour N, Azad MB. Multimodal machine learning for modeling infant head circumference, mothers' milk composition, and their shared environment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2977. [PMID: 38316895 PMCID: PMC10844250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Links between human milk (HM) and infant development are poorly understood and often focus on individual HM components. Here we apply multi-modal predictive machine learning to study HM and head circumference (a proxy for brain development) among 1022 mother-infant dyads of the CHILD Cohort. We integrated HM data (19 oligosaccharides, 28 fatty acids, 3 hormones, 28 chemokines) with maternal and infant demographic, health, dietary and home environment data. Head circumference was significantly predictable at 3 and 12 months. Two of the most associated features were HM n3-polyunsaturated fatty acid C22:6n3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA; p = 9.6e-05) and maternal intake of fish (p = 4.1e-03), a key dietary source of DHA with established relationships to brain function. Thus, using a systems biology approach, we identified meaningful relationships between HM and brain development, which validates our statistical approach, gives credence to the novel associations we observed, and sets the foundation for further research with additional cohorts and HM analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Becker
- International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium, Winnipeg, Canada
- Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, USA
| | - Kelsey Fehr
- International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium, Winnipeg, Canada
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Goguen
- International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium, Winnipeg, Canada
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Kozeta Miliku
- University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | | | - Chloe Yonemitsu
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium, Winnipeg, Canada
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Stuart E Turvey
- University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, V5Z4H4, Canada
| | | | - Padmaja Subbarao
- University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, M5S 1A8, Canada
- SickKids, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Natalie Rodriguez
- International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium, Winnipeg, Canada
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, USA.
| | - Meghan B Azad
- International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, Canada.
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada.
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9
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Ayala-Borda P, Bogard MJ, Grosbois G, Prėskienis V, Culp JM, Power M, Rautio M. Dominance of net autotrophy in arid landscape low relief polar lakes, Nunavut, Canada. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17193. [PMID: 38380447 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The Arctic is the fastest warming biome on the planet, and environmental changes are having striking effects on freshwater ecosystems that may impact the regional carbon cycle. The metabolic state of Arctic lakes is often considered net heterotrophic, due to an assumed supply of allochthonous organic matter that supports ecosystem respiration and carbon mineralization in excess of rates of primary production. However, lake metabolic patterns vary according to regional climatic characteristics, hydrological connectivity, organic matter sources and intrinsic lake properties, and the metabolism of most Arctic lakes is unknown. We sampled 35 waterbodies along a connectivity gradient from headwater to downstream lakes, on southern Victoria Island, Nunavut, in an area characterized by low precipitation, organic-poor soils, and high evaporation rates. We evaluated whether lakes were net autotrophic or heterotrophic during the open water period using an oxygen isotopic mass balance approach. Most of the waterbodies were autotrophic and sites of net organic matter production or close to metabolic equilibrium. Autotrophy was associated with higher benthic primary production, as compared to its pelagic counterpart, due to the high irradiance reaching the bottom and efficient internal carbon and nutrient cycling. Highly connected midstream and downstream lakes showed efficient organic matter cycling, as evidenced by the strong coupling between gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration, while decoupling was observed in some headwater lakes with significantly higher GPP. The shallow nature of lakes in the flat, arid region of southern Victoria Island supports net autotrophy in most lakes during the open water season. Ongoing climate changes that lengthen the ice-free irradiance period and increase rates of nutrient evapoconcentration may further promote net autotrophy, with uncertain long-term effects for lake functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ayala-Borda
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études nordiques (CEN), Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie (GRIL), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew J Bogard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guillaume Grosbois
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie (GRIL), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vilmantas Prėskienis
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études nordiques (CEN), Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie (GRIL), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseph M Culp
- Cold Regions Research Centre and Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Power
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milla Rautio
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études nordiques (CEN), Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie (GRIL), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Kujala J, Ciumas C, Jung J, Bouvard S, Lecaignard F, Lothe A, Bouet R, Ryvlin P, Jerbi K. GABAergic inhibition shapes behavior and neural dynamics in human visual working memory. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad522. [PMID: 38186005 PMCID: PMC10839845 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal inhibition, primarily mediated by GABAergic neurotransmission, is crucial for brain development and healthy cognition. Gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration levels in sensory areas have been shown to correlate with hemodynamic and oscillatory neuronal responses. How these measures relate to one another during working memory, a higher-order cognitive process, is still poorly understood. We address this gap by collecting magnetoencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and Flumazenil positron emission tomography data within the same subject cohort using an n-back working-memory paradigm. By probing the relationship between GABAA receptor distribution, neural oscillations, and Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) modulations, we found that GABAA receptor density in higher-order cortical areas predicted the reaction times on the working-memory task and correlated positively with the peak frequency of gamma power modulations and negatively with BOLD amplitude. These findings support and extend theories linking gamma oscillations and hemodynamic responses to gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmission and to the excitation-inhibition balance and cognitive performance in humans. Considering the small sample size of the study, future studies should test whether these findings also hold for other, larger cohorts as well as to examine in detail how the GABAergic system and neural fluctuations jointly support working-memory task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kujala
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Carolina Ciumas
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Lyon F-69000, France
- Institute for Child and Adolescent with Epilepsy (IDEE), Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Julien Jung
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Lyon F-69000, France
- Department of Epileptology and Functional Neurology, Lyon Neurological Hospital, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Sandrine Bouvard
- Institute for Child and Adolescent with Epilepsy (IDEE), Lyon F-69000, France
- CERMEP Imaging Center, Bron F-69003, France
| | - Françoise Lecaignard
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Lyon F-69000, France
- CERMEP Imaging Center, Bron F-69003, France
| | - Amélie Lothe
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Romain Bouet
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Philippe Ryvlin
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Lyon F-69000, France
- Institute for Child and Adolescent with Epilepsy (IDEE), Lyon F-69000, France
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Karim Jerbi
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Lyon F-69000, France
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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11
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Giratallah H, Chenoweth MJ, Pouget JG, El-Boraie A, Alsaafin A, Lerman C, Knight J, Tyndale RF. CYP2A6 associates with respiratory disease risk and younger age of diagnosis: a phenome-wide association Mendelian Randomization study. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:198-210. [PMID: 37802914 PMCID: PMC10772040 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP2A6, a genetically variable enzyme, inactivates nicotine, activates carcinogens, and metabolizes many pharmaceuticals. Variation in CYP2A6 influences smoking behaviors and tobacco-related disease risk. This phenome-wide association study examined associations between a reconstructed version of our weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) for CYP2A6 activity with diseases in the UK Biobank (N = 395 887). Causal effects of phenotypic CYP2A6 activity (measured as the nicotine metabolite ratio: 3'-hydroxycotinine/cotinine) on the phenome-wide significant (PWS) signals were then estimated in two-sample Mendelian Randomization using the wGRS as the instrument. Time-to-diagnosis age was compared between faster versus slower CYP2A6 metabolizers for the PWS signals in survival analyses. In the total sample, six PWS signals were identified: two lung cancers and four obstructive respiratory diseases PheCodes, where faster CYP2A6 activity was associated with greater disease risk (Ps < 1 × 10-6). A significant CYP2A6-by-smoking status interaction was found (Psinteraction < 0.05); in current smokers, the same six PWS signals were found as identified in the total group, whereas no PWS signals were found in former or never smokers. In the total sample and current smokers, CYP2A6 activity causal estimates on the six PWS signals were significant in Mendelian Randomization (Ps < 5 × 10-5). Additionally, faster CYP2A6 metabolizer status was associated with younger age of disease diagnosis for the six PWS signals (Ps < 5 × 10-4, in current smokers). These findings support a role for faster CYP2A6 activity as a causal risk factor for lung cancers and obstructive respiratory diseases among current smokers, and a younger onset of these diseases. This research utilized the UK Biobank Resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidy Giratallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Meghan J Chenoweth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jennie G Pouget
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Boraie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Alaa Alsaafin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Caryn Lerman
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Jo Knight
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Data Science Institute, Lancaster University Medical School, Lancaster LA1 4YE, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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12
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Kalantari Bolaghi Z, Rodriguez-Seco C, Yurtsever A, Ma D. Exploring the Remarkably High Photocatalytic Efficiency of Ultra-Thin Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:103. [PMID: 38202558 PMCID: PMC10781176 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a metal-free photocatalyst used for visible-driven hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, and organic pollutant degradation. In addition to the most attractive feature of visible photoactivity, its other benefits include thermal and photochemical stability, cost-effectiveness, and simple and easy-scale-up synthesis. However, its performance is still limited due to its low absorption at longer wavelengths in the visible range, and high charge recombination. In addition, the exfoliated nanosheets easily aggregate, causing the reduction in specific surface area, and thus its photoactivity. Herein, we propose the use of ultra-thin porous g-C3N4 nanosheets to overcome these limitations and improve its photocatalytic performance. Through the optimization of a novel multi-step synthetic protocol, based on an initial thermal treatment, the use of nitric acid (HNO3), and an ultrasonication step, we were able to obtain very thin and well-tuned material that yielded exceptional photodegradation performance of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation, without the need for any co-catalyst. About 96% of MO was degraded in as short as 30 min, achieving a normalized apparent reaction rate constant (k) of 1.1 × 10-2 min-1mg-1. This represents the highest k value ever reported using C3N4-based photocatalysts for MO degradation, based on our thorough literature search. Ultrasonication in acid not only prevents agglomeration of g-C3N4 nanosheets but also tunes pore size distribution and plays a key role in this achievement. We also studied their performance in a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), achieving a production of 1842 µmol h-1 g-1. Through a profound analysis of all the samples' structure, morphology, and optical properties, we provide physical insight into the improved performance of our optimized porous g-C3N4 sample for both photocatalytic reactions. This research may serve as a guide for improving the photocatalytic activity of porous two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Seco
- Centre Énergie Materiaux et Telécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada; (Z.K.B.); (A.Y.)
| | | | - Dongling Ma
- Centre Énergie Materiaux et Telécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada; (Z.K.B.); (A.Y.)
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13
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Chebli Y, Geitmann A. Pectate lyase-like lubricates the male gametophyte's path toward its mating partner. Plant Physiol 2023; 194:124-136. [PMID: 37658849 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The pollen tube is an extension of the male gametophyte in plants and mediates sexual reproduction by delivering the sperm cells to the female gametophyte. To accomplish this task, the elongating pollen tube must break through the thick wall of the pollen grain and penetrate multiple pistillar tissues. Both processes require the loosening of cell wall material-that of the pollen intine and that of the apoplast of the transmitting tract. The enzymatic toolbox for these cell wall modifying processes employed by the invading male gametophyte is elusive. We investigated the role of the pectin-digesting pectate lyase-like (PLL) by combining mutant analysis with microscopy observations, fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching experiments, and immuno-detection. We show that in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), PLLs are required for intine loosening during the first steps of pollen tube germination. We provide evidence that during pollen tube elongation, PLLs are released by the pollen tube into the extracellular space, suggesting that they may be employed to soften the apoplast of the transmitting tissue. The synergistic enzymatic action of PLLs in the pollen grain, the pollen tube, and the transmitting track contribute to an effective fertilization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Chebli
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada
- ECP3-Multi-Scale Imaging Facility, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Anja Geitmann
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada
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14
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Pak V, Hashmi JA. Top-down threat bias in pain perception is predicted by higher segregation between resting-state networks. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:1248-1265. [PMID: 38144683 PMCID: PMC10631789 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Top-down processes such as expectations have a strong influence on pain perception. Predicted threat of impending pain can affect perceived pain even more than the actual intensity of a noxious event. This type of threat bias in pain perception is associated with fear of pain and low pain tolerance, and hence the extent of bias varies between individuals. Large-scale patterns of functional brain connectivity are important for integrating expectations with sensory data. Greater integration is necessary for sensory integration; therefore, here we investigate the association between system segregation and top-down threat bias in healthy individuals. We show that top-down threat bias is predicted by less functional connectivity between resting-state networks. This effect was significant at a wide range of network thresholds and specifically in predefined parcellations of resting-state networks. Greater system segregation in brain networks also predicted higher anxiety and pain catastrophizing. These findings highlight the role of integration in brain networks in mediating threat bias in pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pak
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Javeria Ali Hashmi
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The frailty index is commonly used in research and clinical practice to quantify health. Using a health deficit accumulation model, a frailty index can be calculated retrospectively from data collected via survey, interview, performance test, laboratory report, clinical or administrative medical record, or any combination of these. Here, we offer a detailed 10-step approach to frailty index creation, with a worked example. METHODS We identified 10 steps to guide the creation of a valid and reliable frailty index. We then used data from waves 5 to 12 of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to illustrate the steps. RESULTS The 10 steps are as follows: (1) select every variable that measures a health problem; (2) exclude variables with more than 5% missing values; (3) recode the responses to 0 (no deficit) through 1 (deficit); (4) exclude variables when coded deficits are too rare (< 1%) or too common (> 80%); (5) screen the variables for association with age; (6) screen the variables for correlation with each other; (7) count the variables retained; (8) calculate the frailty index scores; (9) test the characteristics of the frailty index; (10) use the frailty index in analyses. In our worked example, we created a 61-item frailty index following these 10 steps. CONCLUSIONS This 10-step procedure can be used as a template to create one continuous health variable. The resulting high-information variable is suitable for use as an exposure, predictor or control variable, or an outcome measure of overall health and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Theou
- School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E1, Canada
| | - Clove Haviva
- Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E1, Canada
| | - Lindsay Wallace
- Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E1, Canada
| | - Samuel D Searle
- Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E1, Canada
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E1, Canada
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16
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Yi Q, Qiu M, Sun X, Wu H, Huang Y, Xu H, Wang T, Nimmo W, Tang T, Shi L, Zeng H. Water-Assisted Programmable Assembly of Flexible and Self-Standing Janus Membranes. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2305239. [PMID: 37875393 PMCID: PMC10724425 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Janus membranes with asymmetric wettability have been considered cutting-edge for energy/environmental-sustainable applications like water/fog harvester, breathable skin, and smart sensor; however, technical challenges in fabrication and accurate regulation of asymmetric wettability limit their development. Herein, by using water-assisted hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) assembly of small molecules at water/oil interface, a facile strategy is proposed for one-step fabrication of membranes with well-regulable asymmetric wettability. Asymmetric orderly patterns, beneficial for mass transport based on abundant high-permeability sites and large surface area, are constructed on opposite membrane surfaces. Upon tuning water-assisted H-bonding via H-sites/configuration design and temperature/pH modulation, double-hydrophobic, double-hydrophilic, and hydrophobic-hydrophilic membranes are facilely fabricated. The Janus membranes show smart vapor-responsive curling and unidirectional water transport with promising flux of 1158±25 L m-2 h-1 under natural gravity and 31500±670 L·(m-2 h-1 bar-1 ) at negative pressure. This bottom-up approach offers a feasible-to-scalable avenue to precise-manipulation of Janus membranes for advanced applications, providing an effective pathway for developing tailor-made self-assembled nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering and PharmacyHubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical TechnologyKey Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of EducationWuhan Institute of TechnologyNo.206 Guanggu Road, East Lake New Technology Development ZoneWuhan430072China
| | - Mingyue Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and PharmacyHubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical TechnologyKey Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of EducationWuhan Institute of TechnologyNo.206 Guanggu Road, East Lake New Technology Development ZoneWuhan430072China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Alberta9211‐116 Street NWEdmontonAlbertaT6G 1H9Canada
| | - Haonan Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and PharmacyHubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical TechnologyKey Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of EducationWuhan Institute of TechnologyNo.206 Guanggu Road, East Lake New Technology Development ZoneWuhan430072China
| | - Yi Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and PharmacyHubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical TechnologyKey Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of EducationWuhan Institute of TechnologyNo.206 Guanggu Road, East Lake New Technology Development ZoneWuhan430072China
| | - Hongxue Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and PharmacyHubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical TechnologyKey Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of EducationWuhan Institute of TechnologyNo.206 Guanggu Road, East Lake New Technology Development ZoneWuhan430072China
| | - Tielin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and PharmacyHubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical TechnologyKey Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of EducationWuhan Institute of TechnologyNo.206 Guanggu Road, East Lake New Technology Development ZoneWuhan430072China
| | - William Nimmo
- Energy Engineering GroupEnergy 2050University of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldS3 7RDUK
| | - Tian Tang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Alberta9211‐116 Street NWEdmontonAlbertaT6G 1H9Canada
| | - Lijuan Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and PharmacyHubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical TechnologyKey Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of EducationWuhan Institute of TechnologyNo.206 Guanggu Road, East Lake New Technology Development ZoneWuhan430072China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Alberta9211‐116 Street NWEdmontonAlbertaT6G 1H9Canada
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17
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Gerstorf D, Schilling OK, Pauly T, Katzorreck M, Lücke AJ, Wahl HW, Kunzmann U, Hoppmann CA, Ram N. Long-term aging trajectories of the accumulation of disease burden as predictors of daily affect dynamics and stressor reactivity. Psychol Aging 2023; 38:763-777. [PMID: 37824238 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple-timescale studies provide new opportunities to examine how developmental processes that evolve at different cadences are intertwined. Developmental theories of emotion regulation suggest that the long-term, slowly evolving age-related accumulation of disease burden should shape short-term, faster evolving (daily) affective experiences. To empirically examine this proposition, we combined data from 123 old adults (65-69 years, 47% women) and 32 very old adults (85-88 years, 59% women) who provided 20 + year within-person longitudinal data on physician-rated morbidity and subsequently also completed repeated daily-life assessments of stress and affect six times a day over 7 consecutive days as they were going about their daily-life routines. Results from models that simultaneously articulate growth and intraindividual variability processes (in a dynamic structural equation modeling framework) revealed that individual differences in long-term aging trajectories of the accumulation of disease burden were indeed predictive of differences in three facets of affective dynamics that manifest in everyday life. In particular-over and above mean levels of disease burden-older adults whose disease burden had increased more over the past 20 years had higher base level of negative affect in their daily lives, more emotional reactivity to the experience of daily stressors, and more moment-to-moment fluctuations in negative affect that was unrelated to stressors (affective systemic noise). We highlight that developmental processes evolving over vastly different timescales are intertwined, and speculate how new knowledge about those relations can inform developmental theories of emotion regulation and daily-life functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nilam Ram
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University
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18
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Tanentzap AJ, Kolmakova O. Global change ecology: Science to heal a damaged planet. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002455. [PMID: 38079446 PMCID: PMC10914387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Humanity has drastically altered the biophysical systems that sustain life on Earth. We summarize progress and chart future directions in the emerging field of global change ecology, which studies interactions between organisms and their changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Tanentzap
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olesya Kolmakova
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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19
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Pizzo A, Porter JS, Carroll Y, Burcheri A, Smeltzer MP, Beestrum M, Nwosu C, Badawy SM, Hankins JS, Klesges LM, Alberts NM. Provider prescription of hydroxyurea in youth and adults with sickle cell disease: A review of prescription barriers and facilitators. Br J Haematol 2023; 203:712-721. [PMID: 37691131 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited red blood cell disorder associated with frequent painful events and organ damage. Hydroxyurea (HU) is the recommended evidence-based treatment of SCD. However, among patients eligible for HU, prescription rates are low. Utilizing a scoping review approach, we summarized and synthesized relevant findings regarding provider barriers and facilitators to the prescription of HU in youth and adults with SCD and provided suggestions for future implementation strategies to improve prescription rates. Relevant databases were searched using specified search terms. Articles reporting provider barriers and/or facilitators to prescribing HU were included. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Common barriers to the prescription of HU identified by providers included: doubts around patients' adherence to HU and their engaging in required testing, concerns about side effects, lack of knowledge, cost and patient concerns about side effects. Facilitators to the prescription of HU included beliefs in the effectiveness of HU, provider demographics and knowledge. Findings suggest significant provider biases exist, particularly in the form of negative perceptions towards patients' ability to adhere to taking HU and engaging in the required follow-up. Improving provider knowledge and attitudes towards HU and SCD may help improve low prescription rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pizzo
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jerlym S Porter
- Department of Psychology and Biobehavioral Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yvonne Carroll
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adam Burcheri
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Matthew P Smeltzer
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Molly Beestrum
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chinonyelum Nwosu
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sherif M Badawy
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jane S Hankins
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lisa M Klesges
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicole M Alberts
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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20
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Pinheiro E, Ouarda TBMJ. Short-lead seasonal precipitation forecast in northeastern Brazil using an ensemble of artificial neural networks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20429. [PMID: 37993488 PMCID: PMC10665445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assesses the deterministic and probabilistic forecasting skill of a 1-month-lead ensemble of Artificial Neural Networks (EANN) based on low-frequency climate oscillation indices. The predictand is the February-April (FMA) rainfall in the Brazilian state of Ceará, which is a prominent subject in climate forecasting studies due to its high seasonal predictability. Additionally, the study proposes combining the EANN with dynamical models into a hybrid multi-model ensemble (MME). The forecast verification is carried out through a leave-one-out cross-validation based on 40 years of data. The EANN forecasting skill is compared with traditional statistical models and the dynamical models that compose Ceará's operational seasonal forecasting system. A spatial comparison showed that the EANN was among the models with the smallest Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Ranked Probability Score (RPS) in most regions. Moreover, the analysis of the area-aggregated reliability showed that the EANN is better calibrated than the individual dynamical models and has better resolution than Multinomial Logistic Regression for above-normal (AN) and below-normal (BN) categories. It is also shown that combining the EANN and dynamical models into a hybrid MME reduces the overconfidence of the extreme categories observed in a dynamically-based MME, improving the reliability of the forecasting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Pinheiro
- Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 490 de la Couronne, Office 2435, Québec, QC, G1K9A9, Canada.
| | - Taha B M J Ouarda
- Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 490 de la Couronne, Office 2435, Québec, QC, G1K9A9, Canada
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21
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Dobischok S, Guh D, Marchand K, MacDonald S, Lock K, Harrison S, Lajeunesse J, Schechter MT, Oviedo-Joekes E. The Impact of Injectable Opioid Agonist Treatment (iOAT) on Involvement in Criminalized Activities: A Secondary Analysis from a Clinical Trial in Vancouver, BC. Subst Abuse Rehabil 2023; 14:147-156. [PMID: 38026787 PMCID: PMC10657756 DOI: 10.2147/sar.s438451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose A significant portion of the economic consequences of untreated Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) relate to individuals' involvement in the criminal justice system. The present study uncovers if treatment with iOAT is related to the number of criminal charges amongst participants, what type of crime participants were involved in, and the frequency with which participants were victims of crime. This study contributes to the body of research on the effectiveness of iOAT reducing criminal involvement. Patients and Methods This is a secondary analysis of police record data obtained from the Vancouver Police Department over a three-year period during the Study to Assess Longer-term Opioid Medication Effectiveness clinical trial. The data was obtained from participants (N = 192) enrolled in the trial through a release of information form. Results During the three-year period, most charges (45.6%) were property offences, and 25.5% of participants were victims of crime. Participants with no treatment prior to randomization into the SALOME trial were 2.61 (95% CI = 1.64-4.14) more likely to have been charged with a crime than during the iOAT state. Conclusion IOAT can reduce individuals' involvement with the criminal justice system and is thus a crucial part of the continuum of care. Addiction should be conceptualized as a healthcare rather than criminal issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Dobischok
- Department of Education and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daphne Guh
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kirsten Marchand
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Scott MacDonald
- Providence Health Care, Providence Crosstown Clinic, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kurt Lock
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Scott Harrison
- Providence Health Care, Providence Crosstown Clinic, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julie Lajeunesse
- Providence Health Care, Providence Crosstown Clinic, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin T Schechter
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eugenia Oviedo-Joekes
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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22
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Solbach MD, Tsotsos JK. The psychophysics of human three-dimensional active visuospatial problem-solving. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19967. [PMID: 37968501 PMCID: PMC10651907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of how visual systems detect, analyze and interpret visual stimuli has advanced greatly. However, the visual systems of all animals do much more; they enable visual behaviours. How well the visual system performs while interacting with the visual environment and how vision is used in the real world is far from fully understood, especially in humans. It has been suggested that comparison is the most primitive of psychophysical tasks. Thus, as a probe into these active visual behaviours, we use a same-different task: Are two physical 3D objects visually the same? This task is a fundamental cognitive ability. We pose this question to human subjects who are free to move about and examine two real objects in a physical 3D space. The experimental design is such that all behaviours are directed to viewpoint change. Without any training, our participants achieved a mean accuracy of 93.82%. No learning effect was observed on accuracy after many trials, but some effect was seen for response time, number of fixations and extent of head movement. Our probe task, even though easily executed at high-performance levels, uncovered a surprising variety of complex strategies for viewpoint control, suggesting that solutions were developed dynamically and deployed in a seemingly directed hypothesize-and-test manner tailored to the specific task. Subjects need not acquire task-specific knowledge; instead, they formulate effective solutions right from the outset, and as they engage in a series of attempts, those solutions progressively refine, becoming more efficient without compromising accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Solbach
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - John K Tsotsos
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
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23
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Milisav F, Bazinet V, Iturria-Medina Y, Misic B. Resolving inter-regional communication capacity in the human connectome. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:1051-1079. [PMID: 37781139 PMCID: PMC10473316 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Applications of graph theory to the connectome have inspired several models of how neural signaling unfolds atop its structure. Analytic measures derived from these communication models have mainly been used to extract global characteristics of brain networks, obscuring potentially informative inter-regional relationships. Here we develop a simple standardization method to investigate polysynaptic communication pathways between pairs of cortical regions. This procedure allows us to determine which pairs of nodes are topologically closer and which are further than expected on the basis of their degree. We find that communication pathways delineate canonical functional systems. Relating nodal communication capacity to meta-analytic probabilistic patterns of functional specialization, we also show that areas that are most closely integrated within the network are associated with higher order cognitive functions. We find that these regions' proclivity towards functional integration could naturally arise from the brain's anatomical configuration through evenly distributed connections among multiple specialized communities. Throughout, we consider two increasingly constrained null models to disentangle the effects of the network's topology from those passively endowed by spatial embedding. Altogether, the present findings uncover relationships between polysynaptic communication pathways and the brain's functional organization across multiple topological levels of analysis and demonstrate that network integration facilitates cognitive integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Milisav
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Vincent Bazinet
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Yasser Iturria-Medina
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Bratislav Misic
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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24
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Moradi S, Kundu S, Awais M, Haruta Y, Nguyen HD, Zhang D, Tan F, Saidaminov MI. High-Throughput Exploration of Triple-Cation Perovskites via All-in-One Compositionally-Graded Films. Small 2023; 19:e2301037. [PMID: 37330659 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Many devices heavily rely on combinatorial material optimization. However, new material alloys are classically developed by studying only a fraction of giant chemical space, while many intermediate compositions remain unmade in light of the lack of methods to synthesize gapless material libraries. Here report a high-throughput all-in-one material platform to obtain and study compositionally-tunable alloys from solution is reported. This strategy is applied to make all Csx MAy FAz PbI3 perovskite alloys (MA and FA stand for methylammonium and formamidinium, respectively), in less than 10 min, on a single film, on which 520 unique alloys are then studied. Through stability mapping of all these alloys in air supersaturated with moisture, a range of targeted perovskites are found, which are then chosen to make efficient and stable solar cells in relaxed fabrication conditions, in ambient air. This all-in-one platform provides access to an unprecedented library of compositional space with no unmade alloys, and hence aids in a comprehensive accelerated discovery of efficient energy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Moradi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Soumya Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Yuki Haruta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Hai-Dang Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Dongyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Furui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Makhsud I Saidaminov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
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25
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Adams A, Blawatt S, Magel T, MacDonald S, Lajeunesse J, Harrison S, Byres D, Schechter MT, Oviedo-Joekes E. The impact of relaxing restrictions on take-home doses during the COVID-19 pandemic on program effectiveness and client experiences in opioid agonist treatment: a mixed methods systematic review. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2023; 18:56. [PMID: 37777766 PMCID: PMC10543348 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-023-00564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented relaxation of restrictions on take-home doses in opioid agonist treatment (OAT). We conducted a mixed methods systematic review to explore the impact of these changes on program effectiveness and client experiences in OAT. METHODS The protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022352310). From Aug.-Nov. 2022, we searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and the grey literature. We included studies reporting quantitative measures of retention in treatment, illicit substance use, overdose, client health, quality of life, or treatment satisfaction or using qualitative methods to examine client experiences with take-home doses during the pandemic. We critically appraised studies using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. We synthesized quantitative data using vote-counting by direction of effect and presented the results in harvest plots. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic synthesis. We used a convergent segregated approach to integrate quantitative and qualitative findings. RESULTS Forty studies were included. Most were from North America (23/40) or the United Kingdom (9/40). The quantitative synthesis was limited by potential for confounding, but suggested an association between take-home doses and increased retention in treatment. There was no evidence of an association between take-home doses and illicit substance use or overdose. Qualitative findings indicated that take-home doses reduced clients' exposure to unregulated substances and stigma and minimized work/treatment conflicts. Though some clients reported challenges with managing their medication, the dominant narrative was one of appreciation, reduced anxiety, and a renewed sense of agency and identity. The integrated analysis suggested reduced treatment burden as an explanation for improved retention and revealed variation in individual relationships between take-home doses and illicit substance use. We identified a critical gap in quantitative measures of patient-important outcomes. CONCLUSION The relaxation of restrictions on take-home doses was associated with improved client experience and retention in OAT. We found no evidence of an association with illicit substance use or overdose, despite the expansion of take-home doses to previously ineligible groups. Including patient-important outcome measures in policy, program development, and treatment planning is essential to ensuring that decisions around take-home doses accurately reflect their value to clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Adams
- Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, St. Paul's Hospital, 575-1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Sarin Blawatt
- Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, St. Paul's Hospital, 575-1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tianna Magel
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Scott MacDonald
- Providence Health Care, Providence Crosstown Clinic, 84 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BCV6B 1G6, Canada
| | - Julie Lajeunesse
- Providence Health Care, Providence Crosstown Clinic, 84 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BCV6B 1G6, Canada
| | - Scott Harrison
- Providence Health Care, Providence Crosstown Clinic, 84 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BCV6B 1G6, Canada
| | - David Byres
- Provincial Health Services Authority, 200-1333 W Broadway, Vancouver, BC, V6H 4C1, Canada
| | - Martin T Schechter
- Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, St. Paul's Hospital, 575-1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eugenia Oviedo-Joekes
- Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, St. Paul's Hospital, 575-1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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26
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Boyle AJ, Lindberg A, Tong J, Zhai D, Liu F, Vasdev N. Preliminary PET imaging of [ 11 C]evobrutinib in mouse models of colorectal cancer, SARS-CoV-2, and lung damage: Radiosynthesis via base-aided palladium-NiXantphos-mediated 11 C-carbonylation. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023. [PMID: 37691152 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Evobrutinib is a second-generation, highly selective, irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor that has shown efficacy in the autoimmune diseases arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Its development as a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer has potential for in vivo imaging of BTK in various disease models including several cancers, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung damage. Herein, we report the automated radiosynthesis of [11 C]evobrutinib using a base-aided palladium-NiXantphos-mediated 11 C-carbonylation reaction. [11 C]Evobrutinib was reliably formulated in radiochemical yields of 5.5 ± 1.5% and a molar activity of 34.5 ± 17.3 GBq/μmol (n = 12) with 99% radiochemical purity. Ex vivo autoradiography studies showed high specific binding of [11 C]evobrutinib in HT-29 colorectal cancer mouse xenograft tissues (51.1 ± 7.1%). However, in vivo PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging with [11 C]evobrutinib showed minimal visualization of HT-29 colorectal cancer xenografts and only a slight increase in radioactivity accumulation in the associated time-activity curves. In preliminary PET/CT studies, [11 C]evobrutinib failed to visualize either SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection or LPS-induced injury in mouse models. In conclusion, [11 C]evobrutinib was successfully synthesized by 11 C-carbonylation and based on our preliminary studies does not appear to be a promising BTK-targeted PET radiotracer in the rodent disease models studied herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Boyle
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anton Lindberg
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dongxu Zhai
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fang Liu
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Scime NV, Brown HK, Shea AK, Brennand EA. Association of infertility with type and timing of menopause: a prospective cohort study. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:1843-1852. [PMID: 37451681 PMCID: PMC10477942 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the association between past infertility and the type and timing of menopause in midlife women? SUMMARY ANSWER Women with a history of infertility were more likely to experience surgical menopause overall and had elevated risk of earlier surgical menopause until age 43 years but experienced no differences in the timing of natural menopause. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Infertility is experienced by 12-25% of women and is thought to reveal a propensity for poor health outcomes, such as chronic illness, later in life. However, little is known about whether infertility is linked with characteristics of the menopausal transition as women age, despite possible shared underlying pathways involving ovarian function and gynecologic disease. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of 13 243 midlife females recruited in Phase 1 of the Alberta's Tomorrow Project (Alberta, Canada) and followed approximately every 4 years (2000-2022). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Data were collected through standardized self-report questionnaires. History of infertility, defined as ever trying to become pregnant for more than 1 year without conceiving, was measured at baseline. Menopause characteristics were measured at each study follow-up. Menopause type was defined as premenopause, natural menopause, surgical menopause (bilateral oophorectomy), or indeterminate menopause (premenopausal hysterectomy with ovarian conservation). Timing of natural menopause was defined as the age at 1 full year after the final menstrual period, and timing of surgical and indeterminate menopause was defined as the age at the time of surgery. We used flexible parametric survival analysis for the outcome of menopause timing with age as the underlying time scale and multinomial logistic regression for the outcome of menopause type. Multivariable models controlled for race/ethnicity, education, parity, previous pregnancy loss, and smoking. Sensitivity analyses additionally accounted for birth history, menopausal hormone therapy, body mass index, chronic medical conditions, and age at baseline. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Overall, 18.2% of women reported a history of infertility. Past infertility was associated with earlier timing of surgical menopause exclusively before age 43 years (age 35: adjusted hazard ratio 3.13, 95% CI 1.95-5.02; age 40: adjusted hazard ratio 1.83, 95% CI 1.40-2.40; age 45: adjusted hazard ratio 1.13, 95% CI 0.87-1.46) as well as greater odds of experiencing surgical menopause compared to natural menopause (adjusted odds ratio 1.40, 95% CI 1.18-1.66). Infertility was not associated with the timing of natural or indeterminate menopause. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Information on the underlying cause of infertility and related interventions was not collected, which precluded us from disentangling whether associations differed by infertility cause and treatment. Residual confounding is possible given that some covariates were measured at baseline and may not have temporally preceded infertility. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Women with a history of infertility were more likely to experience early surgical menopause and may therefore benefit from preemptive screening and treatment for gynecologic diseases to reduce bilateral oophorectomy, where clinically appropriate, and its associated health risks in midlife. Moreover, the lack of association between infertility and timing of natural menopause adds to the emerging knowledge that diminishing ovarian reserve does not appear to be a primary biological mechanism of infertility nor its downstream implications for women's health. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Alberta's Tomorrow Project is only possible due to the commitment of its research participants, its staff and its funders: Alberta Health, Alberta Cancer Foundation, Canadian Partnership Against Cancer and Health Canada, and substantial in-kind funding from Alberta Health Services. The views expressed herein represent the views of the author(s) and not of Alberta's Tomorrow Project or any of its funders. This secondary analysis is funded by Project Grant Priority Funding in Women's Health Research from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant no. 491439). N.V.S. is supported by a Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. H.K.B. is supported by the Canada Research Chairs Program. E.A.B. is supported by an Early Career Investigator Award in Maternal, Reproductive, Child and Youth Health from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. A.K.S. has received honoraria from Pfizer, Lupin, Bio-Syent, and Eisai and has received grant funding from Pfizer. N.V.S., H.K.B., and E.A.B. have no conflicts of interest to report. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie V Scime
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hilary K Brown
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alison K Shea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging (MIRA), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Erin A Brennand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Yaghoobi H, Clarke A, Kerr G, Frampton J, Kreplak L. Multifilament Collagen Fiber Bundles with Tendon-like Structure and Mechanical Performance. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300204. [PMID: 37291949 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Collagen multifilament bundles comprised of thousands of monofilaments are prepared by multipin contact drawing of an entangled polymer solution consisting of collagen and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The multifilament bundles are hydrated in graded concentrations of PEO and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to promote assembly of collagen fibrils within each monofilament while preserving the structure of the multifilament bundle. Multiscale structural characterization reveals that the hydrated multifilament bundle contains properly folded collagen molecules packed in collagen fibrils containing microfibrils, staggered by exactly one-sixth of the microfibril D-band spacing to produce a periodicity of 11 nm. Sequence analysis predicts that in this structure, phenylalanine residues are close enough within and between microfibrils to become ultraviolet C (UVC) crosslinked. In agreement with this analysis, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Young's modulus of the hydrated collagen multifilament bundles crosslinked by UVC radiation increase nonlinearly with total UVC energy to reach values in the range of native tendons without damage to the collagen molecules. This fabrication method recapitulates the structure of a tendon across multiple length scales and offers tunability in tensile properties using only collagen molecules and no other chemical additives in addition to PEO, which is almost entirely removed during the hydration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessameddin Yaghoobi
- Department of Physics & Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alison Clarke
- Department of Physics & Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Gavin Kerr
- Department of Physics & Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - John Frampton
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Laurent Kreplak
- Department of Physics & Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
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29
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Bacsu JDR, Rahemi Z, Nanson K, Webster C, Norman M, Spiteri RJ. Stigma of dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076300. [PMID: 37643852 PMCID: PMC10465918 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dementia-related stigma reduces the quality of life of people living with dementia and their care partners. However, there is a dearth of literature synthesising knowledge on stigma of dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This scoping review protocol outlines a methodology that will be used to understand the impact of stigma on people living with dementia during the pandemic. Addressing dementia-related stigma is critical to promoting timely dementia diagnoses and enhancing the quality of life for people living with dementia and their care partners. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This review will follow the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. The review will focus on English-language, peer-reviewed literature published between 13 January 2020 and 30 June 2023. Stigma will be broadly defined according to pre-established components (stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination). We will search six databases including CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science. We will also hand-search the reference lists of relevant articles to identify additional manuscripts. Two reviewers will develop the data extraction table, as well as independently conduct the data screening. Any disagreements will be resolved through open discussion between the two researchers, and if necessary, by consulting the full team to achieve consensus. Data synthesis will be conducted using an inductive thematic analysis approach. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This review will be the first to explore the impact of dementia-related stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic. An advisory panel including a person living with dementia and a care partner will be consulted to inform our review's findings and support the data dissemination process. The results of this scoping review will be shared and disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal, presentations at academic conferences, a community workshop and webinars with various stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Rahemi
- School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kate Nanson
- School of Nursing, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Myrna Norman
- Engagement of People with Lived Experience of Dementia (EPLED), Maple Ridge, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond J Spiteri
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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30
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Sandhu A, Rockel JS, Lively S, Kapoor M. Emerging molecular biomarkers in osteoarthritis pathology. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2023; 15:1759720X231177116. [PMID: 37359177 PMCID: PMC10288416 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x231177116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis resulting in joint discomfort and disability, culminating in decline in life quality. Attention has been drawn in recent years to disease-associated molecular biomarkers found in readily accessible biofluids due to low invasiveness of acquisition and their potential to detect early pathological molecular changes not observed with traditional imaging methodology. These biochemical markers of OA have been found in synovial fluid, blood, and urine. They include emerging molecular classes, such as metabolites and noncoding RNAs, as well as classical biomarkers, like inflammatory mediators and by-products of degradative processes involving articular cartilage. Although blood-based biomarkers tend to be most studied, the use of synovial fluid, a more isolated biofluid in the synovial joint, and urine as an excreted fluid containing OA biomarkers can offer valuable information on local and overall disease activity, respectively. Furthermore, larger clinical studies are required to determine relationships between biomarkers in different biofluids, and their impacts on patient measures of OA. This narrative review provides a concise overview of recent studies of OA using these four classes of biomarkers as potential biomarker for measuring disease incidence, staging, prognosis, and therapeutic intervention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sandhu
- Division of Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis Research Program, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason S. Rockel
- Division of Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis Research Program, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Starlee Lively
- Division of Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis Research Program, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Division of Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis Research Program, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, 5th Floor Krembil Discovery Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Swaich A, Richardson L, Cui Z, DeBeck K, Milloy MJ, Kerr T, Hayashi K. Experiences of violence during the COVID-19 pandemic among people who use drugs in a Canadian setting: a gender-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1020. [PMID: 37254109 PMCID: PMC10227817 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People who use drugs (PWUD) experience disproportionately high rates of violent victimization. Emerging research has demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated violence against some priority populations (e.g., women), however there is limited research examining the impact of the pandemic on the experiences of violence of PWUD. METHODS Using data collected between July and November 2020 from three prospective cohort studies of PWUD in Vancouver, Canada, we employed multivariable logistic regression stratified by gender to identify factors associated with recent experiences of violence, including the receipt of COVID-19 emergency income support. RESULTS In total, 77 (17.3%) of 446 men, and 54 (18.8%) of 288 women experienced violence in the previous six months. Further, 33% of men and 48% of women who experienced violence reported that their experience of violence was intensified since the COVID-19 pandemic began. In the multivariable analyses, sex work (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-4.35) and moderate to severe anxiety or depression (AOR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.37-6.57) were associated with experiencing violence among women. Among men, drug dealing (AOR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.10-3.38), street-based income sources (AOR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.10-3.38), homelessness (AOR = 2.54, 95%CI: 1.40-4.62), and regular employment (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.75-5.04) were associated with experiencing violence. CONCLUSION Our study results suggest economic conditions and gender were major factors associated with experiencing violence among our sample of PWUD during COVID-19. These findings highlight criminalization of drug use and widespread socioeconomic challenges as barriers to addressing violence among PWUD during periods of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Swaich
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Lindsey Richardson
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zishan Cui
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kora DeBeck
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Public Policy, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M-J Milloy
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thomas Kerr
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kanna Hayashi
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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Sweatman H, Lewis-de los Angeles CP, Zhang J, de los Angeles C, Ofen N, Gabrieli JDE, Chai XJ. Development of the neural correlates of recollection. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6028-6037. [PMID: 36520501 PMCID: PMC10183736 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recollection of past events has been associated with the core recollection network comprising the posterior medial temporal lobe and parietal regions, as well as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The development of the brain basis for recollection is understudied. In a sample of adults (n = 22; 18-25 years) and children (n = 23; 9-13 years), the present study aimed to address this knowledge gap using a cued recall paradigm, known to elicit recollection experience. Successful recall was associated with activations in regions of the core recollection network and frontoparietal network. Adults exhibited greater successful recall activations compared with children in the precuneus and right angular gyrus. In contrast, similar levels of successful recall activations were observed in both age groups in the mPFC. Group differences were also seen in the hippocampus and lateral frontal regions. These findings suggest that the engagement of the mPFC in episodic retrieval may be relatively early maturing, whereas the contribution to episodic retrieval of more posterior regions such as the precuneus and angular gyrus undergoes more protracted maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Sweatman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - C Paula Lewis-de los Angeles
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Carlo de los Angeles
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Noa Ofen
- Department of Psychology and the Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, 87 East Ferry Street, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 524 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 45 Carleton Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Xiaoqian J Chai
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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O'Briain TB, Uribe C, Sechopoulos I, Michel C, Bazalova-Carter M. Publicly available framework for simulating and experimentally validating clinical PET systems. Med Phys 2023; 50:1549-1559. [PMID: 36215081 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are a powerful tool to model medical imaging systems. However, before simulations can be considered the ground truth, they have to be validated with experiments. PURPOSE To provide a pipeline that models a clinical positron emission tomography (PET)/CT system using MC simulations after extensively validating the results against experimental measurements. METHODS A clinical four-ring PET imaging system was modeled using Geant4 application for tomographic emission (v. 9.0). To validate the simulations, PET images were acquired of a cylindrical phantom, point source, and image quality phantom with the modeled system and the simulations of the experimental procedures. For the purpose of validating the quantification capabilities and image quality provided by the simulation pipeline, the simulations were compared against the measurements in terms of their count rates and sensitivity as well as their image uniformity, resolution, recovery coefficients (RCs), coefficients of variation, contrast, and background variability. RESULTS When compared to the measured data, the number of true detections in the MC simulations was within 5%. The scatter fraction was found to be 30.0% ± 2.2% and 28.8% ± 1.7% in the measured and simulated scans, respectively. Analyzing the measured and simulated sinograms, the sensitivities were found to be 8.2 and 7.8 cps/kBq, respectively. The fraction of random coincidences were 19% in the measured data and 25% in the simulation. When calculating the image uniformity within the axial slices, the measured image exhibited a uniformity of 0.015 ± 0.005, whereas the simulated image had a uniformity of 0.029 ± 0.011. In the axial direction, the uniformity was measured to be 0.024 ± 0.006 and 0.040 ± 0.015 for the measured and simulated data, respectively. Comparing the image resolution, an average percentage difference of 2.9% was found between the measurements and simulations. The RCs calculated in both the measured and simulated images were found to be within the EARL ranges, except for that of the simulation of the smallest sphere. The coefficients of variation for the measured and simulated images were found to be 12% and 13%, respectively. Lastly, the background variability was consistent between the measurements and simulations, whereas the average percentage difference in the sphere contrasts was found to be 8.8%. CONCLUSION The clinical PET/CT system was modeled and validated to provide a simulation pipeline for the community. The pipeline and the validation procedures have been made available (https://github.com/teaghan/PET_MonteCarlo).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teaghan B O'Briain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carlos Uribe
- Functional Imaging Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ioannis Sechopoulos
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Carroll L, Enger SA. Simulation of a novel, non-invasive radiation detector to measure the arterial input function for dynamic positron emission tomography. Med Phys 2023; 50:1647-1659. [PMID: 36250522 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic positron emission tomography (dPET) is a nuclear medicine imaging technique providing functional images for organs of interest with applications in oncology, cardiology, and drug discovery. This technique requires the acquisition of the time-course arterial plasma activity concentration, called the arterial input function (AIF), which is conventionally acquired via arterial blood sampling. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to (A) optimize the geometry for a novel and cost efficient non-invasive detector called NID designed to measure the AIF for dPET scans through Monte Carlo simulations and (B) develop a clinical data analysis chain to successfully separate the arterial component of a simulated AIF signal from the venous component. METHODS The NID was optimized by using an in-house Geant4-based software package. The sensitive volume of the NID consists of a band of 10 cm long and 1 mm in diameter scintillating fibers placed over a wrist phantom. The phantom was simulated as a cylinder, 10 cm long and 6.413 cm in diameter comprised of polyethylene with two holes placed through it to simulate the patient's radial artery and vein. This phantom design was chosen to match the wrist phantom used in our previous proof of concept work. Two geometries were simulated with different arrangements of scintillating fibers. The first design used a single layer of 64 fibers. The second used two layers, an inner layer with 29 fibers and an outer layer with 30 fibers. Four positron emitting radioisotopes were simulated: 18 F, 11 C, 15 O, and 68 Ga with 100 million simulated decay events per run. The total and intrinsic efficiencies of both designs were calculated as well as the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the signal. In addition, contribution by the annihilation photons versus positrons to the signal was investigated. The results obtained from the two simulated detector models were compared. A clinical data analysis chain using an expectation maximization maximum likelihood algorithm was tested. This analysis chain will be used to separate arterial counts from the total signal. RESULTS The second NID design with two layers of scintillating fibers had a higher efficiency for all simulations with a maximum increase of 17% total efficiency for 11 C simulation. All simulations had a significant annihilation photon contribution. The signal for 18 F and 11 C was almost entirely due to photons. The clinical data analysis chain was within 1% of the true value for 434 out of 440 trials. Further experimental studies to validate these simulations will be required. CONCLUSIONS The design of the NID was optimized and its efficiency increased through Monte Carlo simulations. A clinical data analysis chain was successfully developed to separate the arterial component of an AIF signal from the venous component. The simulations show that the NID can be used to accurately measure the AIF non-invasively for dPET scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Carroll
- Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shirin A Enger
- Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Barnabas G, Goebeler V, Tsui J, Bush JW, Lange PF. ASAP─Automated Sonication-Free Acid-Assisted Proteomes─from Cells and FFPE Tissues. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3291-3299. [PMID: 36724070 PMCID: PMC9933881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are an invaluable resource for retrospective studies, but protein extraction and subsequent sample processing steps have been shown to be challenging for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Streamlined high-throughput sample preparation workflows are essential for efficient peptide extraction from complex clinical specimens such as fresh frozen tissues or FFPE. Overall, proteome analysis has gained significant improvements in the instrumentation, acquisition methods, sample preparation workflows, and analysis pipelines, yet even the most recent FFPE workflows remain complex and are not readily scalable. Here, we present an optimized workflow for automated sonication-free acid-assisted proteome (ASAP) extraction from FFPE sections. ASAP enables efficient protein extraction from FFPE specimens, achieving similar proteome coverage as established methods using expensive sonicators, resulting in reduced sample processing time. The broad applicability of ASAP on archived pediatric tumor FFPE specimens resulted in high-quality data with increased proteome coverage and quantitative reproducibility. Our study demonstrates the practicality and superiority of the ASAP workflow as a streamlined, time- and cost-effective pipeline for high-throughput FFPE proteomics of clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina
D. Barnabas
- Department
of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael
Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital and Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Verena Goebeler
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael
Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital and Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Janice Tsui
- Department
of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael
Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital and Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jonathan W. Bush
- Department
of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Philipp F. Lange
- Department
of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael
Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital and Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
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Gravel R, Lai S, Berteaux D. Long-term satellite tracking reveals patterns of long-distance dispersal in juvenile and adult Arctic foxes ( Vulpes lagopus). R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:220729. [PMID: 36756054 PMCID: PMC9890113 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance dispersal plays a key role in species distribution and persistence. However, its movement metrics and ecological implications may differ whether it is undertaken by juveniles (natal dispersal) or adults (breeding dispersal). We investigated the influence of life stage on long-distance dispersal in the Arctic fox, an important tundra predator. We fitted 170 individuals with satellite collars during a 13-year study on Bylot Island (Nunavut, Canada), and analysed the tracks of 10 juveniles and 27 adults engaging in long-distance dispersal across the Canadian High Arctic. This behaviour was much more common than expected, especially in juveniles (62.5%, adults: 19.4%). Emigration of juveniles occurred mainly at the end of summer while departure of adults was not synchronized. Juveniles travelled for longer periods and over longer cumulative distances than adults, but spent similar proportions of their time travelling on sea ice versus land. Successful immigration occurred mostly in late spring and was similar for juveniles and adults (30% versus 37%). Our results reveal how life stage influences key aspects of long-distance dispersal in a highly mobile canid. This new knowledge is critical to understand the circumpolar genetic structure of the species, and how Arctic foxes can spread zoonoses across vast geographical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gravel
- Canada Research Chair on Northen Biodiversity, Centre for Northern Studies and Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Sandra Lai
- Canada Research Chair on Northen Biodiversity, Centre for Northern Studies and Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Dominique Berteaux
- Canada Research Chair on Northen Biodiversity, Centre for Northern Studies and Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada G5L 3A1
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Hendryckx C, Nalder E, Drake E, Leclaire É, Pituch E, Gouin-Vallerand C, Wang RH, Poulin V, Paquet V, Bottari C. Managing challenging behaviours in adults with traumatic brain injury: A scoping review of technology-based interventions. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng 2023; 10:20556683231191975. [PMID: 37614442 PMCID: PMC10443634 DOI: 10.1177/20556683231191975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Challenging behaviours are one of the most serious sequelae after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). These chronic behaviours must be managed to reduce the associated burden for caregivers, and people with TBI. Though technology-based interventions have shown potential for managing challenging behaviours, no review has synthesised evidence of technology aided behaviour management in the TBI population. The objective of this scoping review was to explore what technology-based interventions are being used to manage challenging behaviours in people with TBI. Two independent reviewers analysed 3505 studies conducted between 2000 and 2023. Studies were selected from five databases using search strategies developed in collaboration with a university librarian. Sixteen studies were selected. Most studies used biofeedback and mobile applications, primarily targeting emotional dysregulation. These technologies were tested in a variety of settings. Two interventions involved both people with TBI and their family caregivers. This review found that technology-based interventions have the potential to support behavioural management, though research and technology development is at an early stage. Future research is needed to further develop technology-based interventions that target diverse challenging behaviours, and to document their effectiveness and acceptability for use by people with TBI and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hendryckx
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Institut Universitaire sur la Réadaptation en déficience Physique de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Research Center from CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department Of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emily Nalder
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emma Drake
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Éliane Leclaire
- Department Of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Evelina Pituch
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles Gouin-Vallerand
- Centre de Recherche Createch sur les Organisations Intelligentes, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- DOMUS Laboratory, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Rosalie H Wang
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Valérie Poulin
- Department Of Occupational therapy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, QC, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, QC, Canada
| | - Virginie Paquet
- Bibliothèque Marguerite-D’Youville, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Carolina Bottari
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Institut Universitaire sur la Réadaptation en déficience Physique de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Occupational Therapy Program, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Wearing OH, Scott GR. Evolved reductions in body temperature and the metabolic costs of thermoregulation in deer mice native to high altitude. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221553. [PMID: 36168757 PMCID: PMC9515628 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of endothermy was instrumental to the diversification of birds and mammals, but the energetic demands of maintaining high body temperature could offset the advantages of endothermy in some environments. We hypothesized that reductions in body temperature help high-altitude natives overcome the metabolic challenges of cold and hypoxia in their native environment. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) from high-altitude and low-altitude populations were bred in captivity to the second generation and were acclimated as adults to warm normoxia or cold hypoxia. Subcutaneous temperature (Tsub, used as a proxy for body temperature) and cardiovascular function were then measured throughout the diel cycle using biotelemetry. Cold hypoxia increased metabolic demands, as reflected by increased food consumption and heart rate (associated with reduced vagal tone). These increased metabolic demands were offset by plastic reductions in Tsub (approx. 2°C) in response to cold hypoxia, and highlanders had lower Tsub (approx. 1°C) than lowlanders in both environmental treatments. Empirical and theoretical evidence suggested that these reductions could together reduce metabolic demands by approximately 10-30%. Therefore, plastic and evolved reductions in body temperature can help mammals overcome the metabolic challenges at high altitude and may be a valuable energy-saving strategy in some non-hibernating endotherms in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver H. Wearing
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Life Sciences Building, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Graham R. Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Life Sciences Building, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
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Herrera M, Keynan Y, McLaren PJ, Isaza JP, Abrenica B, López L, Marin D, Rueda ZV. Gene expression profiling identifies candidate biomarkers for new latent tuberculosis infections. A cohort study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274257. [PMID: 36170228 PMCID: PMC9518923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the gene expression profile in individuals with new latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and to compare them with people with active tuberculosis (TB) and those exposed to TB but not infected. Design A prospective cohort study. Recruitment and follow-up were conducted between September 2016 to December 2018. Gene expression and data processing and analysis from April 2019 to April 2021. Setting Two male Colombian prisons. Participants 15 new tuberculin skin test (TST) converters (negative TST at baseline that became positive during follow-up), 11 people that continued with a negative TST after two years of follow-up, and 10 people with pulmonary ATB. Main outcome measures Gene expression profile using RNA sequencing from PBMC samples. The differential expression was assessed using the DESeq2 package in Bioconductor. Genes with |logFC| >1.0 and an adjusted p-value < 0.1 were differentially expressed. We analyzed the differences in the enrichment of KEGG pathways in each group using InterMiner. Results The gene expression was affected by the time of incarceration. We identified group-specific differentially expressed genes between the groups: 289 genes in people with a new LTBI and short incarceration (less than three months of incarceration), 117 in those with LTBI and long incarceration (one or more years of incarceration), 26 in ATB, and 276 in the exposed but non-infected individuals. Four pathways encompassed the largest number of down and up-regulated genes among individuals with LTBI and short incarceration: cytokine signaling, signal transduction, neutrophil degranulation, and innate immune system. In individuals with LTBI and long incarceration, the only enriched pathway within up-regulated genes was Emi1 phosphorylation. Conclusions Recent infection with MTB is associated with an identifiable RNA pattern related to innate immune system pathways that can be used to prioritize LTBI treatment for those at greatest risk for developing active TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Herrera
- Departments of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Doctorado en Epidemiologia, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yoav Keynan
- Departments of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Paul J. McLaren
- Departments of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Isaza
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Bernard Abrenica
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lucelly López
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Marin
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Zulma Vanessa Rueda
- Departments of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Logie CH, Kinitz DJ, Gittings L, Persad Y, Lacombe-Duncan A, Poteat T. Eliciting critical hope in community-based HIV research with transgender women in Toronto, Canada: methodological insights. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:ii37-ii47. [PMID: 35213717 PMCID: PMC9226654 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical hope centres optimism and possibilities for change in the midst of struggles for social justice. It was a central tenet of early participatory pedagogy and HIV research. However, critical hope has been overlooked in contemporary HIV research that largely focuses on risk and biomedical interventions in ways that obscure collective agency and community strengths. We conducted a community-based study with transgender (trans) women of colour in Toronto, Canada to adapt an evidence-based HIV prevention intervention. Participants resisted a focus on HIV, instead calling researchers to centre journeys to self-love in contexts of social exclusion. In response, we piloted three arts-based, participatory methods generated with community collaborators: (i) affirmation cards sharing supportive messages with other trans women, (ii) hand-held mirrors for reflecting and sharing messages of self-acceptance and (iii) anatomical heart images to visualize coping strategies. Participants generated solidarity and community through shared stories of self-acceptance within contexts of pain, exclusion and loss. Narratives revealed locating agency and self-acceptance through community connectedness. Critical hope was a by-product of this participatory process, whereby participants shared personal and collective optimism. Participatory and arts-based methods that centre self-acceptance and solidarity can nurture resistance to pathologizing discourses in HIV research. Centring critical hope and participant-generated methodologies is a promising approach to transformative health promotion and intervention research. These methodological insights can be engaged in future participatory work with other marginalized groups facing dominant biomedical risk discourses. Critical hope holds potential as a participatory health promotion strategy for envisioning possibilities for sustainable change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Kinitz
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Lesley Gittings
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Yasmeen Persad
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- 519 Community Centre, Toronto, ON M4Y 2C9, Canada
| | - Ashley Lacombe-Duncan
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tonia Poteat
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7240, USA
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Dev R, Raparelli V, Bacon SL, Lavoie KL, Pilote L, Norris CM. Impact of biological sex and gender-related factors on public engagement in protective health behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional analyses from a global survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059673. [PMID: 35688591 PMCID: PMC9189548 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the role of sociocultural gender in shaping human behaviours, the main objective of this study was to examine whether sex and gender-related factors were associated with the public's adherence to COVID-19-recommended protective health behaviours. DESIGN This was a retrospective analysis of the survey that captured data on people's awareness, attitudes and behaviours as they relate to the COVID-19 policies. SETTING Data from the International COVID-19 Awareness and Responses Evaluation survey collected between March 2020 and February 2021 from 175 countries. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample around the world. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We examined the role of sex and gender-related factors in relation to non-adherence of protective health behaviours including: (1) hand washing; (2) mask wearing; and (3) physical distancing. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine the factors associated with non-adherence to behaviours. RESULTS Among 48 668 respondents (mean age: 43 years; 71% female), 98.3% adopted hand washing, 68.5% mask wearing and 76.9% physical distancing. Compared with males, females were more likely to adopt hand washing (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.71 to 2.28) and maintain physical distancing (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.34). However, in multivariable sex-stratified models, females in countries with higher Gender Inequality Indexes (GII) were less likely to report hand washing (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.47, 95% CI: 0.21 to 1.05). Females who reported being employed (aOR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.48) and in countries with low/medium GIIs (aOR=0.18, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.51) were less likely to report mask wearing. Females who reported being employed were less likely to report physical distancing (aOR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.49). CONCLUSION While females showed greater adherence to COVID-19 protective health behaviours, gender-related factors, including employment status and high country-wide gender inequality, were independently associated with non-adherence. These findings may inform public health and vaccination policies in current as well as future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubee Dev
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Valeria Raparelli
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simon L Bacon
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM (Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal), Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kim L Lavoie
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM (Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal), Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louise Pilote
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Colleen M Norris
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Health & Stroke Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine & School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Razaghi M, Gharibeh N, Vanstone CA, Sotunde OF, Khamessan A, Wei SQ, McNally D, Rauch F, Jones G, Kimmins S, Weiler HA. Correction of neonatal vitamin D status using 1000 IU vitamin D/d increased lean body mass by 12 months of age compared with 400 IU/d: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:1612-1625. [PMID: 35441210 PMCID: PMC9170472 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine exposure to maternal vitamin D status <50 nmol/L of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may adversely affect infant body composition. Whether postnatal interventions can reprogram for a leaner body phenotype is unknown. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to test whether 1000 IU/d of supplemental vitamin D (compared with 400 IU/d) improves lean mass in infants born with serum 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L. METHODS Healthy, term, breastfed infants (Montréal, Canada, March 2016-2019) were assessed for serum 25(OH)D (immunoassay) 24-36 h postpartum. Infants with serum 25(OH)D <50nmol/L at 24-36 h were eligible for the trial and randomly assigned at baseline (1 mo postpartum) to 400 (29 males, 20 females) or 1000 IU/d (29 males, 20 females) of vitamin D until 12 mo. Infants (23 males, 18 females) with 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L (sufficient) formed a nonrandomized reference group provided 400 IU/d. Anthropometry, body composition (DXA), and serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo. RESULTS At baseline, mean ± SD serum 25(OH)D concentrations in infants allocated to the 400 and 1000 IU/d vitamin D groups were 45.8 ± 14.1 and 47.6 ± 13.4, respectively; for the reference group it was 69.2 ± 16.4 nmol/L. Serum 25(OH)D concentration increased on average to ≥50 nmol/L in the trial groups at 3-12 mo. Lean mass varied differently between groups over time; at 12 mo it was higher in the 1000 IU/d vitamin D group than in the 400 IU/d group (mean ± SD: 7013 ± 904.6 compared with 6690.4 ± 1121.7 g, P = 0.0428), but not the reference group (mean ± SD: 6715.1 ± 784.6 g, P = 0.19). Whole-body fat mass was not different between the groups over time. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation (400 or 1000 IU/d) during infancy readily corrects vitamin D status, whereas 1000 IU/d modestly increases lean mass by 12 mo. The long-term implications require further research. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02563015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Razaghi
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gharibeh
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Olusola F Sotunde
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Ali Khamessan
- Quality & Regulatory Affairs, Europharm International Canada Inc., Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Shu Q Wei
- Quebec National Institute of Public Health (INSPQ), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dayre McNally
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Glenville Jones
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Kimmins
- Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Osterlund EJ, Hirmiz N, Pemberton JM, Nougarède A, Liu Q, Leber B, Fang Q, Andrews DW. Efficacy and specificity of inhibitors of BCL-2 family protein interactions assessed by affinity measurements in live cells. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm7375. [PMID: 35442739 PMCID: PMC9020777 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic and membrane-bound BCL-2 family proteins regulate apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, via dozens of binary protein interactions confounding measurement of the effects of inhibitors in live cells. In cancer, apoptosis is frequently dysregulated, and cell survival depends on antiapoptotic proteins binding to and inhibiting proapoptotic BH3 proteins. The clinical success of BH3 mimetic inhibitors of antiapoptotic proteins has spawned major efforts by the pharmaceutical industry to develop molecules with different specificities and higher affinities. Here, quantitative fast fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy enabled comparison of BH3 mimetic drugs in trials and preclinical development by measuring drug effects on binding affinities of interacting protein pairs in live cells. Both selectivity and efficacy were assessed for 15 inhibitors of four antiapoptotic proteins for each of six BH3 protein ligands. While many drugs target the designed interaction, most also have unexpected selectivity and poor efficacy in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Osterlund
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada
| | - Nehad Hirmiz
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - James M. Pemberton
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada
| | - Adrien Nougarède
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Qian Liu
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Brian Leber
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Qiyin Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - David W. Andrews
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada
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Lau NTT, Wilkey ED, Soltanlou M, Lagacé Cusiac R, Peters L, Tremblay P, Goffin C, Alves IS, Ribner AD, Thompson C, Van Hoof J, Bahnmueller J, Alvarez A, Bellon E, Coolen I, Ollivier F, Ansari D. Numeracy and COVID-19: examining interrelationships between numeracy, health numeracy and behaviour. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:201303. [PMID: 35308625 PMCID: PMC8924770 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, people across the globe have been exposed to large amounts of statistical data. Previous studies have shown that individuals' mathematical understanding of health-related information affects their attitudes and behaviours. Here, we investigate the relation between (i) basic numeracy, (ii) COVID-19 health numeracy, and (iii) COVID-19 health-related attitudes and behaviours. An online survey measuring these three variables was distributed in Canada, the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK) (n = 2032). In line with predictions, basic numeracy was positively related to COVID-19 health numeracy. However, predictions, neither basic numeracy nor COVID-19 health numeracy was related to COVID-19 health-related attitudes and behaviours (e.g. follow experts' recommendations on social distancing, wearing masks etc.). Multi-group analysis was used to investigate mean differences and differences in the strength of the correlation across countries. Results indicate there were no between-country differences in the correlations between the main constructs but there were between-country differences in latent means. Overall, results suggest that while basic numeracy is related to one's understanding of data about COVID-19, better numeracy alone is not enough to influence a population's health-related attitudes about disease severity and to increase the likelihood of following public health advice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lien Peters
- Department of Psychology, Western University, Canada
| | - Paul Tremblay
- Department of Psychology, Western University, Canada
| | - Celia Goffin
- Department of Psychology, Western University, Canada
| | | | - Andrew David Ribner
- Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Clarissa Thompson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Jo Van Hoof
- Centre for Instructional Psychology and Technology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Aymee Alvarez
- Department of Psychology, Western University, Canada
| | - Elien Bellon
- Parenting and Special Education, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Coolen
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Ollivier
- Laboratoire de Psychologie, Cognition, Comportement et Communication, Université Rennes 2, France
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Psychology, Western University, Canada
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Grondin S, Davies B, Cadrin-Tourigny J, Steinberg C, Cheung CC, Jorda P, Healey JS, Green MS, Sanatani S, Alqarawi W, Angaran P, Arbour L, Antiperovitch P, Khan H, Leather R, Guerra PG, Rivard L, Simpson CS, Gardner M, MacIntyre C, Seifer C, Fournier A, Joza J, Gollob MH, Lettre G, Talajic M, Laksman ZW, Roberts JD, Krahn AD, Tadros R. OUP accepted manuscript. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:3071-3081. [PMID: 35352813 PMCID: PMC9392649 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Genetic testing is recommended in specific inherited heart diseases but its role remains unclear and it is not currently recommended in unexplained cardiac arrest (UCA). We sought to assess the yield and clinical utility of genetic testing in UCA using whole-exome sequencing (WES). Methods and results Survivors of UCA requiring external defibrillation were included from the Cardiac Arrest Survivor with Preserved Ejection fraction Registry. Whole-exome sequencing was performed, followed by assessment of rare variants in previously reported cardiovascular disease genes. A total of 228 UCA survivors (mean age at arrest 39 ± 13 years) were included. The majority were males (66%) and of European ancestry (81%). Following advanced clinical testing at baseline, the likely aetiology of cardiac arrest was determined in 21/228 (9%) cases. Whole-exome sequencing identified a pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant in 23/228 (10%) of UCA survivors overall, increasing the proportion of ‘explained’ cases from 9% only following phenotyping to 18% when combining phenotyping with WES. Notably, 13 (57%) of the 23 P/LP variants identified were located in genes associated with cardiomyopathy, in the absence of a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy at the time of arrest. Conclusions Genetic testing identifies a disease-causing variant in 10% of apparent UCA survivors. The majority of disease-causing variants was located in cardiomyopathy-associated genes, highlighting the arrhythmogenic potential of such variants in the absence of an overt cardiomyopathy diagnosis. The present study supports the use of genetic testing including assessment of arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy genes in survivors of UCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffany Grondin
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger, Montreal, QC, Canada H1T 1C8
| | - Brianna Davies
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julia Cadrin-Tourigny
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger, Montreal, QC, Canada H1T 1C8
| | - Christian Steinberg
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher C Cheung
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paloma Jorda
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger, Montreal, QC, Canada H1T 1C8
| | - Jeffrey S Healey
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin S Green
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shubhayan Sanatani
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wael Alqarawi
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Angaran
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Arbour
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pavel Antiperovitch
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Habib Khan
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Leather
- Division of Cardiology, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Peter G Guerra
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger, Montreal, QC, Canada H1T 1C8
| | - Lena Rivard
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger, Montreal, QC, Canada H1T 1C8
| | | | - Martin Gardner
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Colette Seifer
- St Boniface Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Anne Fournier
- Ste-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Joza
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael H Gollob
- Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger, Montreal, QC, Canada H1T 1C8
| | - Mario Talajic
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger, Montreal, QC, Canada H1T 1C8
| | - Zachary W Laksman
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jason D Roberts
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew D Krahn
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rafik Tadros
- Corresponding author. Tel: +1 514 376 3330, Fax: +1 514 593 2158, , Twitter: @rafik_tadros
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rehabilitation is key to improving outcomes and quality of life after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, individuals experiencing homelessness are rarely represented in research that informs evidence-based rehabilitation guidelines even though TBI is disproportionately prevalent among this population. This protocol is for a scoping review to explore the extent to which rehabilitation, including the types of rehabilitation interventions, is available to, or used by, individuals who experience homelessness and TBI to inform (1) opportunities to integrate rehabilitation for individuals experiencing homelessness and TBI, (2) considerations for existing clinical and practice guidelines for rehabilitation and (3) recommendations for future research. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The scoping review will be guided by six stages described in scoping review methodology frameworks. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase and Embase Classic, Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Clinical Trials, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, and Nursing and Allied Health), reference list of included articles and scoping or systematic reviews identified from the search and grey literature, defined as reports from relevant brain injury, housing and rehabilitation organisations, will be searched. Two reviewers will independently screen all articles based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A descriptive numerical summary of data items will be provided and qualitative content analytic techniques will be used to identify and report common themes. Preliminary findings will be shared with stakeholders to seek feedback on the implications of the results. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics review will not be required, as only publicly available data will be analysed. Findings from the scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific meetings and to stakeholders, defined as service providers in the housing and TBI sectors; health professionals who provide care for individuals with TBI and/or homelessness; health administrators, decision-makers and policy-makers; researchers; and caregivers or family members of individuals with lived experience of TBI and homelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincy Chan
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Jennifer Estrella
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Babineau
- Library & Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Institute for Education Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Colantonio
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
The brain influences liver metabolism through many neuroendocrine and autonomic mechanisms that have evolved to protect the organism against starvation and hypoglycemia. Unfortunately, this effective way of preventing death has become dysregulated in modern obesogenic environments, although the pathophysiological mechanisms behind metabolic dyshomeostasis are still unclear. In this Mini-Review, we provide our thoughts regarding obesity and type 2 diabetes as diseases of the autonomic nervous system. We discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms that alter the autonomic brain-liver communication in these diseases, and how they could represent important targets to prevent or treat metabolic dysfunctions. We discuss how sympathetic hyperactivity to the liver may represent an early event in the progression of metabolic diseases and could progressively lead to hepatic neuropathy. We hope that this discussion will inspire and help to frame a model based on better understanding of the chronology of autonomic dysfunctions in the liver, enabling the application of the right strategy at the right time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisia Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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Abstract
Background. Recent studies have reported lower statistics of upper limb (UL) weakness (48-57%) compared to widely cited values collected over 2 decades ago (70-80%). Objective. To explore potential factors contributing to the accuracy of prevalence values of UL weakness using a case study from a single regional centre. Methods. All patients admitted to the acute stroke unit with suspected diagnosis of stroke were screened from February 2016 to August 2017. Upper limb weakness was captured (a) prospectively using the Shoulder Abduction and Finger Extension (SAFE) score performed by unit physical therapists within 7 days post-stroke and (b) retrospectively via chart review using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) arm score at admission and 24 hours post-admission. Results. A total of 656 patients were admitted with a first-ever stroke, and 621 (95%) individuals were administered the SAFE score. A total of 40% of individuals had UL weakness using the SAFE score (SAFE ≤8) at a mean time of 1.9 (SD 1.5) days post-stroke. In the same sample, 57% and 49% had UL weakness using the admission and 24-hour post-admission NIHSS arm score, respectively. Conclusions. The accuracy of population-level UL weakness prevalence values can be affected by weakness measure and score cut-off, time post-stroke weakness is captured, sample characteristics and use of single or multiple sites. Researchers using prevalence values for clinical trial planning should consider these attributes when using prevalence data for estimating recruitment rates and resource needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Simpson
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation
Sciences, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kathryn S. Hayward
- Departments of Physiotherapy,
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, and NHMRC Centre of Research
Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, University of Melbourne,
Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Moira McPeake
- Neurosciences, Vancouver General
Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thalia S. Field
- Division of Neurology, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Janice J. Eng
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren A Brown
- Therapies Department, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kelly K O'Brien
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabiltation Sciences Institute (RSI), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
The ARP2/3 complex promotes branched actin networks, but the importance of specific subunit isoforms is unclear. In this issue, Galloni, Carra, et al. (2021. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202102043) show that MICAL2 mediates methionine oxidation of ARP3B, thus destabilizing ARP2/3 complexes and leading to disassembly of branched actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura M. Machesky
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute and Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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