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Nwakasi C, Esiaka D, Staab T, Philip AA, Nweke C. HIV knowledge and information access among women cancer survivors in Nigeria. J Cancer Policy 2024; 39:100456. [PMID: 37989454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2023.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Women in Nigeria have a high burden of diseases, such as cancer and HIV. Nigerian women also have inadequate access to health information, especially for disease prevention and health promotion. Researchers have indicated that living with HIV can be particularly harmful to the health and survival of cancer survivors. However, there is a dearth of research on Nigerian women cancer survivors' knowledge of cancer and HIV linkage and their access to HIV health information. This knowledge gap may have negative health consequences. Therefore, there is a need to ensure HIV prevention among Nigerian women cancer survivors by improving access to health information. This study used a qualitative descriptive method to examine HIV knowledge and access to health information among women cancer survivors in Nigeria. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 30 women cancer survivors from Abuja, Nigeria. We identified three themes from the data, illuminating women's knowledge of the connection between HIV and cancer. The themes include: (a) perception of HIV versus cancer which described views of HIV and cancer as distinct health conditions, (b) perceived effect of HIV on cancer given that HIV can worsen cancer outcomes, and (c) sourcing for HIV health information which highlighted issues of inadequate or inaccessible HIV-cancer information. Our findings showed that targeted health education interventions are required to address the lack of HIV information among cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candidus Nwakasi
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Darlingtina Esiaka
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center for Health Equity Transformation (CHET), The University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Theresa Staab
- Department of Health Sciences, Providence College, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Aaron Akpu Philip
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health, and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chizobam Nweke
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Uwishema O, Frederiksen KS, Badri R, Pradhan AU, Shariff S, Adanur I, Dost B, Esene I, Rosseau G. Epidemiology and etiology of brain cancer in Africa: A systematic review. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3112. [PMID: 37312649 PMCID: PMC10498065 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a significant threat to public health and a leading cause of morbidity across the globe. Of all cancers, brain cancer can be particularly catastrophic as treatment often fails to achieve the desired degree of effectiveness and diagnosis remains associated with a high mortality rate. Africa, as a continent with resource-limited countries, needs to allocate the necessary proper healthcare infrastructure to significantly reduce cancer rates and improve patient survival. In addition, the relative paucity of data within this field in Africa makes effective management a challenge. OBJECTIVE This review is aimed at elucidating the currently available evidence base with regard to the epidemiology and etiology of brain cancer within resource-limited African countries. This review hopes to bring to the attention of the wider clinical community the growing burden of brain cancer within Africa and to encourage future research into this field of research. METHODS The available literature for this Systematic Review was searched on two bibliographic databases, PubMed and Scopus, using an individually verified, prespecified approach. In addition, the Global Cancer Observatory and Global Burden of Disease databases were also utilized. Studies reporting on the epidemiology, etiology, and impact of brain cancer in Africa were suitable for inclusion. The level of evidence of the included studies was considered as per the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine recommendations. RESULTS Out of the four databases searched, 3848 articles were initially screened rigorously, filtered into 54 articles, and finally assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. We have demonstrated a poor survival rate and lack of proper funds/resources necessary to report, identify, and treat cases, as well as the dearth of comprehensive research on the subject of brain cancer that has become a challenging healthcare concern in many African developing nations. Also, because of the gradual improvement in healthcare facilities and the increasing population within many countries in Africa, the number of patients with central nervous system and intracranial tumors is rising specifically in the elder population. In addition, the population in West Africa is at a higher risk of HIV-related malignancies due to the high prevalence of HIV in West Africa. The burden of brain cancer in Africa is increasing in comparison with the developed parts of the world in which it is decreasing. Moreover, the mismanagement of cancers in Africa leads to higher morbidity and mortality and decreased quality of life. CONCLUSION This study addresses the burden of brain cancer as a major public health crisis in Africa. Improved treatment modalities and access to screening are required to better address the burden of this disease. Therefore, there is a clear need for more substantial and comprehensive research on etiology, epidemiology, and treatment of brain cancer within Africa to understand its epidemiological distribution and provide a means for managing and reducing the associated morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Uwishema
- Department of Research and EducationOli Health Magazine OrganizationKigaliRwanda
- Department of Research and ProjectClinton Global Initiative UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Faculty of MedicineKaradeniz Technical UniversityTrabzonTurkey
| | | | - Rawa Badri
- Department of Research and EducationOli Health Magazine OrganizationKigaliRwanda
- Mycetoma Research CentreKhartoumSudan
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | | | - Sanobar Shariff
- Department of Research and EducationOli Health Magazine OrganizationKigaliRwanda
- Faculty of medicineYerevan State Medical UniversityYerevanArmenia
| | - Irem Adanur
- Department of Research and EducationOli Health Magazine OrganizationKigaliRwanda
- Faculty of MedicineKaradeniz Technical UniversityTrabzonTurkey
| | - Burhan Dost
- Department of Anaesthesiology and ReanimationOndokuz Mayis University Faculty of MedicineSamsunTurkey
| | - Ignatius Esene
- Neurosurgery Division, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of BamendaBambiliCameroon
| | - Gail Rosseau
- Department of NeurosurgeryGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington, D.C.USA
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Palliative Care: The Nigerian Perspective. Palliat Care 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.85235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Moses A, Mwafongo A, Chikasema M, Kafantenganji L, Stanely C, Chimzukira E, Kampani C, Krysiak R, Gopal S, Rosenberg NE, Shores CG, Hosseinipour MC. Risk factors for common cancers among patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi: A retrospective cohort study. Malawi Med J 2018; 29:136-141. [PMID: 28955421 PMCID: PMC5610284 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v29i2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about risk factors for different cancers in Malawi. This study aimed to assess risk factors for and epidemiologic patterns of common cancers among patients treated at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) in Lilongwe, and to determine the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in the same population. Methods We analysed data from the hospital-based KCH cancer registry, from June 2009 to September 2012, including data from a nested substudy on coinfections among cancer patients. Demographics and behavioural variables, including smoking and alcohol use, were collected through personal interviews with patients. We assessed HIV prevalence across cancer types. The distribution of cancer types was reported overall and by gender. Logistic regression was used to assess risk factors associated with common cancer types. Results Data from 504 registered cancer patients were included—300 (59.5%) were female and 204 (40.5%) were male. Mean age was 49 years (standard deviation, SD = 16). There were 343 HIV-negative patients (71.2%), and 139 (28.8%) were HIV-positive. The commonest cancers were oesophageal (n = 172; 34.5%), cervical (n = 109; 21.9%), and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (n = 52; 10.4%). Only 18% of cancer cases were histologically confirmed. Patients with oesophageal cancer were likely to be older than 50 years (odds ratio, OR = 2.22), male (OR = 1.47), and smokers (OR = 2.02). Kaposi's sarcoma patients had the highest odds (OR = 54.4) of being HIV-positive and were also more likely to be male (OR = 6.02) and smokers. Cervical cancer patients were more likely to be HIV-positive (OR = 2.2) and less than 50 years of age. Conclusions Age, smoking, and HIV are important risk factors for the 3 commonest cancer types (oesophageal, KS, and cervical) at this teaching hospital in Malawi. HIV is the single most important risk factor for Kaposi's sarcoma and cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Moses
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.,Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Satish Gopal
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.,Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Nora E Rosenberg
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carol G Shores
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mina C Hosseinipour
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
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Ingwu JA, Nwaiku L, Ohaeri B. Knowledge and practice of end-of-life care among nurses in a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Int J Palliat Nurs 2016; 22:194-9. [PMID: 27119407 DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2016.22.4.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving end-of-life care (EoLC) has become a major goal among nurses since they have the most contact with patients and their families at this phase of life. This study examined the knowledge and practice of EoLC among nurses working at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, in Enugu. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive research study was used. A total of 130 nurses, working in selected wards of the hospital, took part in the study, meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire, analysed using descriptive statistics and results were presented in tables and charts. RESULTS The results showed that 123 respondents (94.6%) had knowledge of EoLC as care given to terminal state of life and or a dying person. Findings also showed the practice of EoLC with a mean score of 3.6±2.8 and inadequate manpower and lack of experience with the mean 2.9±1.6 and 2.9±1.5 respectively, as factors negatively influenced their practice of EoLC. CONCLUSIONS It was recommended that workshop or seminar and advocacy on EoLC should be organised to create awareness and raise the practice of EoLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Agorye Ingwu
- Lecturer, the Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Nigeria; Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Linda Nwaiku
- Nurse Clinician, the Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Nigeria; Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Beatrice Ohaeri
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Ngulde SI, Fezeu F, Ramesh A, Moosa S, Purow B, Lopez B, Schiff D, Hussaini IM, Sandabe UK. Improving Brain Tumor Research in Resource-Limited Countries: A Review of the Literature Focusing on West Africa. Cureus 2015; 7:e372. [PMID: 26677422 PMCID: PMC4671837 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoplasms of the brain are often overlooked in resource-limited countries. Our literature search via AJOL and PubMed demonstrated that brain tumor research is still a rarity in these regions. We highlight the current status, importance, challenges, and methods of improving brain tumor research in West Africa. We suggest that more attention be given to basic, clinical, and epidemiological brain tumor research by national governments, private organizations, international organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and individuals in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidu I Ngulde
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia ; Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Francis Fezeu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Arjun Ramesh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shayan Moosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Benjamin Purow
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Beatrice Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David Schiff
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Isa M Hussaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Umar K Sandabe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
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Jedy-Agba EE, Oga EA, Odutola M, Abdullahi YM, Popoola A, Achara P, Afolayan E, Banjo AAF, Ekanem IO, Erinomo O, Ezeome E, Igbinoba F, Obiorah C, Ogunbiyi O, Omonisi A, Osime C, Ukah C, Osinubi P, Hassan R, Blattner W, Dakum P, Adebamowo CA. Developing National Cancer Registration in Developing Countries - Case Study of the Nigerian National System of Cancer Registries. Front Public Health 2015; 3:186. [PMID: 26284233 PMCID: PMC4519655 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological transition in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has given rise to a concomitant increase in the incidence of non-communicable diseases including cancers. Worldwide, cancer registries have been shown to be critical for the determination of cancer burden, conduct of research, and in the planning and implementation of cancer control measures. Cancer registration though vital is often neglected in SSA owing to competing demands for resources for healthcare. We report the implementation of a system for representative nation-wide cancer registration in Nigeria - the Nigerian National System of Cancer Registries (NSCR). The NSCR coordinates the activities of cancer registries in Nigeria, strengthens existing registries, establishes new registries, complies and analyses data, and makes these freely available to researchers and policy makers. We highlight the key challenges encountered in implementing this strategy and how they were overcome. This report serves as a guide for other low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) wishing to expand cancer registration coverage in their countries and highlights the training, mentoring, scientific and logistic support, and advocacy that are crucial to sustaining cancer registration programs in LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elima E. Jedy-Agba
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel A. Oga
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- The Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Centre, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abidemi Omonisi
- Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Clement Osime
- University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Cornelius Ukah
- Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | | | | | - William Blattner
- The Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Centre, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Clement A. Adebamowo
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- The Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Centre, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Morhason-Bello IO, Odedina F, Rebbeck TR, Harford J, Dangou JM, Denny L, Adewole IF. Challenges and opportunities in cancer control in Africa: a perspective from the African Organisation for Research and Training in Cancer. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14:e142-51. [PMID: 23561745 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(12)70482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa has a disproportionate burden of disease and faces a major public-health challenge from non-communicable diseases. Although infectious diseases continue to afflict Africa, the proportion of the overall disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa attributable to cancer is rising. The region is predicted to have a greater than 85% increase in cancer burden by 2030. Approaches to minimise the burden of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa in the past few years have had little success because of low awareness of the cancer burden and a poor understanding of the potential for cancer prevention. Success will not be easy, and will need partnerships and bridges to be built across countries, economies, and professions. A strategic approach to cancer control in sub-Saharan Africa is needed to build on what works there and what is unique to the region. It should ideally be situated within strong, robust, and sustainable health-care systems that offer quality health care to all people, irrespective of their social or economic standing. However, to achieve this will need new leadership, critical thinking, investment, and understanding. We discuss the present situation in sub-Saharan Africa and propose ideas to advance cancer control in the region, including the areas of cancer awareness, advocacy, research, workforce, care, training, and funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran O Morhason-Bello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Jedy-Agba E, Adebamowo C. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of AIDS associated malignancies among people living with HIV in Nigeria. Infect Agent Cancer 2012; 7:28. [PMID: 23098099 PMCID: PMC3527187 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-7-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The epidemic of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa varies significantly across countries in the region with high prevalence in Southern Africa and Nigeria. Cancer is increasingly identified as a complication of HIV infection with higher incidence and mortality in this group than in the general population. Without cancer prevention strategies, improved cancer treatment alone would be an insufficient response to this increasing burden among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Although previous studies have noted low levels of awareness of cancers in sub-Saharan Africa none has examined the knowledge and perceptions of cancer among people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods Focus group discussions (FGD) and Key Informant Interviews (KII) were carried out in 4 high volume tertiary care institutions that offer HIV care and treatment in Nigeria. FGD and KII assessed participants’ knowledge of cancer, attitudes towards cancer risk and cancer screening practices. Results The mean age (SD) of the FGD participants was 38 (2.8) years. Most participants had heard about cancer and considered it a fatal disease but displayed poor knowledge of the causes of cancer in general and of AIDs associated cancers in particular. PLHIV in Nigeria expressed fear, denial and disbelief about their perceived cancer risk. Some of the participants had heard about cancer screening but very few participants had ever been screened. Conclusion Our findings of poor knowledge of cancer among PLHIV in Nigeria indicate the need for health care providers and the government to intervene by developing primary cancer prevention strategies for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elima Jedy-Agba
- Office of Strategic Information, Training and Research, Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way, Central Business District, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.
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Jedy-Agba E, Curado MP, Ogunbiyi O, Oga E, Fabowale T, Igbinoba F, Osubor G, Otu T, Kumai H, Koechlin A, Osinubi P, Dakum P, Blattner W, Adebamowo CA. Cancer incidence in Nigeria: a report from population-based cancer registries. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 36:e271-8. [PMID: 22621842 PMCID: PMC3438369 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer has become a major source of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite the threat that cancer poses to public health in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), few countries in this region have data on cancer incidence. In this paper, we present estimates of cancer incidence in Nigeria based on data from 2 population-based cancer registries (PBCR) that are part of the Nigerian national cancer registry program. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed data from 2 population based cancer registries in Nigeria, the Ibadan Population Based Cancer Registry (IBCR) and the Abuja Population Based Cancer Registry (ABCR) covering a 2 year period 2009-2010. Data are reported by registry, gender and in age groups. We present data on the age specific incidence rates of all invasive cancers and report age standardized rates of the most common cancers stratified by gender in both registries. RESULTS The age standardized incidence rate for all invasive cancers from the IBCR was 66.4 per 100000 men and 130.6 per 100000 women. In ABCR it was 58.3 per 100000 for men and 138.6 per 100000 for women. A total of 3393 cancer cases were reported by the IBCR. Of these cases, 34% (1155) were seen among males and 66% (2238) in females. In Abuja over the same period, 1128 invasive cancers were reported. 33.6% (389) of these cases were in males and 66.4% (768) in females. Mean age of diagnosis of all cancers in men for Ibadan and Abuja were 51.1 and 49.9 years respectively. For women, mean age of diagnosis of all cancers in Ibadan and Abuja were 49.1 and 45.4 respectively. Breast and cervical cancer were the commonest cancers among women and prostate cancer the most common among men. Breast cancer age standardized incidence rate (ASR) at the IBCR was 52.0 per 100000 in IBCR and 64.6 per 100000 in ABCR. Cervical cancer ASR at the IBCR was 36.0 per 100000 and 30.3 per 100000 at the ABCR. The observed differences in incidence rates of breast, cervical and prostate cancer between Ibadan and Abuja, were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Cancer incidence data from two population based cancer registries in Nigeria suggests substantial increase in incidence of breast cancer in recent times. This paper highlights the need for high quality regional cancer registries in Nigeria and other SSA countries.
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Jedy-Agba EE, Curado MP, Oga E, Samaila MO, Ezeome ER, Obiorah C, Erinomo OO, Ekanem IOA, Uka C, Mayun A, Afolayan EA, Abiodun P, Olasode BJ, Omonisi A, Otu T, Osinubi P, Dakum P, Blattner W, Adebamowo CA. The role of hospital-based cancer registries in low and middle income countries-The Nigerian Case Study. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 36:430-5. [PMID: 22704971 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of cancer continues to rise all over the world and current projections show that there will be 1.27 million new cases and almost 1 million deaths by 2030. In view of the rising incidence of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, urgent steps are needed to guide appropriate policy, health sector investment and resource allocation. We posit that hospital based cancer registries (HBCR) are fundamental sources of information on the frequent cancer sites in limited resource regions where population level data is often unavailable. In regions where population based cancer registries are not in existence, HBCR are beneficial for policy and planning. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen of twenty-one cancer registries in Nigeria met the definition of HBCR, and from these registries, we requested data on cancer cases recorded from January 2009 to December 2010. 16 of the 19 registries (84%) responded. Data on year hospital was established; year cancer registry was established, no. of pathologists and types of oncology services available in each tertiary health facility were shown. Analysis of relative frequency of cancers in each HBCR, the basis of diagnosis recorded in the HBCR and the total number of cases recorded by gender was carried out. RESULTS The total number of cancers registered in these 11 hospital based cancer registries in 2009 and 2010 was 6484. The number of new cancer cases recorded annually in these hospital based cancer registries on average was 117 cases in males and I77 cases in females. Breast and cervical cancer were the most common cancers seen in women while prostate cancer was the commonest among men seen in these tertiary hospitals. CONCLUSION Information provided by HBCR is beneficial and can be utilized for the improvement of cancer care delivery systems in low and middle income countries where there are no population based cancer registries.
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Abstract
Everyone, young and old, male and female, rich and poor, should have access to excellent care during the course of a serious illness and at the end of life. Therefore, a denial of such care becomes an infringement of the individual's human rights. Because of the efforts of pioneers in this field of Medicine in Africa and beyond, both living and immortalized, we can now say that palliative care in the African context is affordable and achievable. In this article, some of the challenges faced in setting up and running a new palliative care practice in an emerging and developing economy are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia C Onyeka
- Department of Anaesthesia/Pain and Palliative Care Unit, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Adoga A, Ma'an E. The challenges of treating laryngeal carcinoma in jos, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF THE WEST AFRICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2011; 1:63-75. [PMID: 25452954 PMCID: PMC4170258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal cancers are not uncommon with several factors affecting its management in our environment compared to the developed countries. Such factors include the time of presentation and diagnosis, co-morbid disease, finance, consent, treatment options, surgical expertise and the problems of follow up. Thus this results to a lot management challenges to both the patients and the care givers. AIM The aim of this paper is to highlight the challenges encountered in the management of laryngeal cancers at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. DESIGN OF STUDY it is a retrospective study. SETTING The study was carried out at the ENT department of the Jos University Teaching Hospital and Bingham (ECWA Evangel) Hospital Jos Nigeria. METHOD This was a 48-month (October 2005 - September 2009) review of laryngeal cancers seen and treated in these hospitals. Data extracted included age, gender, histologic diagnosis and treatment modality. Data was analyzed using simple descriptive method and the result presented in tabular forms. RESULT A total of twenty one (21) cases consisting of 20 males and a female were seen during the period. The age range was 30 years to 70 years. The average age was 56.14 years. The time of presentation ranged from 3 months (earliest) to 2years. Twenty cases (95.24%) were advanced diseases with only one early disease. The histological types were 6 each for well and moderately differentiated squamus cell carcinoma respectively, 2 each for poorly differentiated and squamus cell carcinoma (uncharacterized) and 1 carcinoma insitu. Two patients (a male and female) were seropositive for HIV type I. Twenty (95.24%) of the patients had tracheostomy at presentation with two having peristomal spread in the course of the disease. Eight (38.10%) patients had total laryngectomy out of which one was a salvage laryngectomy with subsequent right pectoralis major myocutaneous flap; 6 had concomitant chemoradiotherapy with one discontinuing after the first course and while the sixth total laryngectomee had no chemoradiotherapy. Three (14.29%) had primary radiotherapy; 2 of the cases were advanced diseases and one early disease. Eight (38.10%) had no treatment. Of the 6 laryngectomees, three had tracheo-oesophageal fistula post-operatively while one had disease recurrence and died. The first laryngectomy case is still on follow-up, disease free four years now while the rest have been lost to follow up. CONCLUSION Education and provision of standard oncologic treatment centres with trained personnel will help in alleviating theses challenges by providing treatment, data for assessment and improving the standard of our treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- As Adoga
- Department of ENT Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - En Ma'an
- Department of ENT Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
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