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Liu X, Liu B, Luo X, Liu Z, Tan X, Zhu K, Ouyang F. Research progress on the role of p53 in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respir Investig 2024; 62:541-550. [PMID: 38643536 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure. At present, the definitive pathology of PAH has not been elucidated and its effective treatment remains lacking. Despite PAHs having multiple pathogeneses, the cancer-like characteristics of cells have been considered the main reason for PAH progression. RECENT FINDINGS p53 protein, an important tumor suppressor, regulates a multitude of gene expressions to maintain normal cellular functions and suppress the progression of malignant tumors. Recently, p53 has been found to exert multiple biological effects on cardiovascular diseases. Since PAH shares similar metabolic features with cancer cells, the regulatory roles of p53 in PAH are mainly the induction of cell cycle, inhibition of cell proliferation, and promotion of apoptosis. SUMMARY This paper summarized the advanced findings on the molecular mechanisms and regulatory functions of p53 in PAH, aiming to reveal the potential therapeutic targets for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.116 Changjiangnan Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou City, 412000, Hunan, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taojiang County People's Hospital, No.328 Taohuaxi Road, Taohuajiang Town, Taojiang County, Yiyang City, 413499, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.116 Changjiangnan Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou City, 412000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenfang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.116 Changjiangnan Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou City, 412000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.116 Changjiangnan Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou City, 412000, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.116 Changjiangnan Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou City, 412000, Hunan, China.
| | - Fan Ouyang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.116 Changjiangnan Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou City, 412000, Hunan, China.
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Tao Y, Li G, Yang Y, Wang Z, Wang S, Li X, Yu T, Fu X. Epigenomics in aortic dissection: From mechanism to therapeutics. Life Sci 2023; 335:122249. [PMID: 37940070 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) has an unfavorable prognosis. It requires early diagnosis, appropriate treatment strategies, and suspicion to recognize symptoms; thus, it is commonly described as an acute aortic emergency. The clinical manifestations of painless AD are complex and variable. However, there is no effective treatment to prevent the progression of AD. Therefore, study of the molecular targets and mechanisms of AD to enable prevention or early intervention is particularly important. Although multiple gene mutations have been proposed as linked to AD development, evidence that multiple epigenetic elements are strongly associated is steadily increasing. These epigenetic processes include DNA methylation, N6-methyladenosine, histone modification, non-histone posttranslational modification, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Among these processes, resveratrol targeting Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), 5-azacytidine (5azaC) targeting DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), and vitamin C targeting ten-eleven translocation 2 (Tet2) showed unique advantages in improving AD and vascular dysfunction. Finally, we explored potential epigenetic drugs and diagnostic methods for AD, which might provide options for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tao
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhong Wang
- The department of Cardiology surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China.
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Harrington JS, Ryter SW, Plataki M, Price DR, Choi AMK. Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2349-2422. [PMID: 37021870 PMCID: PMC10393386 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be their most important function, mitochondria are also integral for the synthesis of metabolic precursors, calcium regulation, the production of reactive oxygen species, immune signaling, and apoptosis. Considering the breadth of their responsibilities, mitochondria are fundamental for cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Appreciating this significance, translational medicine has begun to investigate how mitochondrial dysfunction can represent a harbinger of disease. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of mitochondrial metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways, and how mitochondrial dysfunction at any of these levels is associated with disease pathogenesis. Mitochondria-dependent pathways may thereby represent an attractive therapeutic target for ameliorating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Harrington
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Maria Plataki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - David R Price
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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Fujiwara T, Takeda N, Hara H, Ishii S, Numata G, Tokiwa H, Katoh M, Maemura S, Suzuki T, Takiguchi H, Yanase T, Kubota Y, Nomura S, Hatano M, Ueda K, Harada M, Toko H, Takimoto E, Akazawa H, Morita H, Nishimura S, Komuro I. PGC-1α-mediated angiogenesis prevents pulmonary hypertension in mice. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e162632. [PMID: 37681410 PMCID: PMC10544206 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by a progressive narrowing of pulmonary arterioles. Although VEGF is highly expressed in lung of patients with PH and in animal PH models, the involvement of angiogenesis remains elusive. To clarify the pathophysiological function of angiogenesis in PH, we compared the angiogenic response in hypoxia (Hx) and SU5416 (a VEGFR2 inhibitor) plus Hx (SuHx) mouse PH models using 3D imaging. The 3D imaging analysis revealed an angiogenic response in the lung of the Hx-PH, but not of the severer SuHx-PH model. Selective VEGFR2 inhibition with cabozantinib plus Hx in mice also suppressed angiogenic response and exacerbated Hx-PH to the same extent as SuHx. Expression of endothelial proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) increased along with angiogenesis in lung of Hx-PH but not SuHx mice. In pulmonary endothelial cell-specific Ppargc1a-KO mice, the Hx-induced angiogenesis was suppressed, and PH was exacerbated along with increased oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and DNA damage. By contrast, treatment with baicalin, a flavonoid enhancing PGC-1α activity in endothelial cells, ameliorated Hx-PH with increased Vegfa expression and angiogenesis. Pulmonary endothelial PGC-1α-mediated angiogenesis is essential for adaptive responses to Hx and might represent a potential therapeutic target for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Norifumi Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Hara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Translational Research and Medicine in Management of Pulmonary Hypertension, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genri Numata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Translational Research and Medicine in Management of Pulmonary Hypertension, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tokiwa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Katoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takiguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Yanase
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seitaro Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Therapeutic Strategy for Heart Failure, and
| | - Masaru Hatano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Toko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishimura
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Ma H, Yu Y, Mo L, Chen Q, Dong H, Xu Y, Zhuan B. Exosomal miR-663b from "M1" macrophages promotes pulmonary artery vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction through inhibiting the AMPK/Sirt1 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3549-3571. [PMID: 37142272 PMCID: PMC10449306 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory mediators from macrophages are proven to be involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Here, this study intends to explore the mechanism of "M1" macrophage-derived exosomal miR-663b in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) dysfunctions and pulmonary hypertension. METHODS Hypoxia-treated PASMCs were utilized for constructing an in-vitro pulmonary hypertension model. THP-1 cells were treated with PMA (320 nM) and LPS (10 μg/mL) + IFN-γ (20 ng/ml) for eliciting macrophage "M1" polarization. Exosomes derived from "M1" macrophages were isolated and added into PASMCs. The proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and migration of PASMCs were evaluated. RT-PCR or Western blot examined the levels of miR-663b and the AMPK/Sirt1 pathway. Dual luciferase activity assay and RNA pull-down assay were carried out for confirming the targeted association between miR-663b and AMPK. An in-vivo PH model was built. Macrophage-derived exosomes with miR-663b inhibition were used for treating the rats, and alterations of pulmonary histopathology were monitored. RESULTS miR-663b was obviously up-regulated in hypoxia-elicited PASMCs and M1 macrophages. miR-663b overexpression boosted hypoxia-induced proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and migration in PASMCs, whereas miR-663b low expression resulted in the opposite situation. AMPK was identified as a target of miR-663b, and miR-663b overexpression curbed the AMPK/Sirt1 pathway. AMPK activation ameliorated the damaging impact of miR-663b overexpression and "M1" macrophage exosomes on PASMCs. In vivo, "M1" macrophage exosomes with miR-663b low expression alleviated pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension rats. CONCLUSION Exosomal miR-663b from "M1" macrophage facilitates PASMC dysfunctions and PH development by dampening the AMPK/Sirt1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Lirong Mo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Hui Dong
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Bing Zhuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
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Qin HL, Bao JH, Tang JJ, Xu DY, Shen L. Arterial remodeling: the role of mitochondrial metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C183-C192. [PMID: 36468843 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00074.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arterial remodeling is a common pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, vascular restenosis, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, aortic dissection, and aneurysm. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are not only the main cellular components in the middle layer of the arterial wall but also the main cells involved in arterial remodeling. Dedifferentiated VSMCs lose their contractile properties and are converted to a synthetic, secretory, proliferative, and migratory phenotype, playing key roles in the pathogenesis of arterial remodeling. As mitochondria are the main site of biological oxidation and energy transformation in eukaryotic cells, mitochondrial numbers and function are very important in maintaining the metabolic processes in VSMCs. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are novel triggers of the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs, leading to the onset and development of arterial remodeling. Therefore, pharmacological measures that alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction reverse arterial remodeling by ameliorating VSMCs metabolic dysfunction and phenotypic transformation, providing new options for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases related to arterial remodeling. This review summarizes the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases associated with arterial remodeling and then discusses the potential mechanism by which mitochondrial dysfunction participates in pathological arterial remodeling. Furthermore, maintaining or improving mitochondrial function may be a new intervention strategy to prevent the progression of arterial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Li Qin
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Hui Bao
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Jun Tang
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan-Yan Xu
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhang W, Liu B, Wang Y, Zhang H, He L, Wang P, Dong M. Mitochondrial dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1079989. [PMID: 36589421 PMCID: PMC9795033 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1079989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by the increased pulmonary vascular resistance due to pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. PAH has high disability, high mortality and poor prognosis, which is becoming a more common global health issue. There is currently no drug that can permanently cure PAH patients. The pathogenesis of PAH is still not fully elucidated. However, the role of metabolic theory in the pathogenesis of PAH is becoming clearer, especially mitochondrial metabolism. With the deepening of mitochondrial researches in recent years, more and more studies have shown that the occurrence and development of PAH are closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, redox homeostasis, enhanced glycolysis, and increased reactive oxygen species production, calcium dysregulation, mitophagy, etc. This review will further elucidate the relationship between mitochondrial metabolism and pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. It might be possible to explore more comprehensive and specific treatment strategies for PAH by understanding these mitochondrial metabolic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Geratric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Hengli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Lang He
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
| | - Mingqing Dong
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
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Integrating epigenetics and metabolomics to advance treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115245. [PMID: 36096239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating vascular disease with multiple etiologies. Emerging evidence supports a fundamental role for epigenetic machinery and metabolism in the initiation and progression of PAH. Here, we summarize emerging epigenetic mechanisms that have been identified as contributors to PAH evolution, specifically, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. Furthermore, the interplay between epigenetics with metabolism is explored while new crosstalk targets to be investigated in PAH are proposed that highlight multi-omics strategies including integrated epigenomics and metabolomics. Therapeutic opportunities and challenges associated with epigenetics and metabolomics in PAH are examined, highlighting the role that epigenetics and metabolomics have in facilitating early detection, personalized dietary plans, and advanced drug therapy for PAH.
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Vascular peroxidase 1 promotes phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via ERK pathway in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2022; 307:120910. [PMID: 36029851 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular peroxidase 1 (VPO1) plays an important role in mediation of vascular remodeling with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study aims to determine whether VPO1 can promote phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and the underlying mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to 10 % O2 for 21 days to establish the model of vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. PASMCs were incubated with 3 % O2 for 48 h to induce phenotypic transformation. Western blot was performed to detect the expressions of target proteins. The 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay was conducted to measure the proliferation of PASMCs. KEY FINDINGS In the rats exposed to hypoxia, there were increases in right ventricular systolic pressure, pulmonary vascular remodeling and phenotypic transformation of PASMCs (the down-regulated contractile proteins of α-smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle 22α while the up-regulated synthetic proteins of osteopontin, cyclinD1), accompanied by up-regulation of VPO1, increase of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) production and elevation of the phosphorylation of ERK. In the cultured PASMCs exposed to hypoxia, similar results were achieved but they were reversed by VPO1 small interfering RNA (VPO1 siRNA) or HOCl inhibitor. Replacement of hypoxia with NaOCl could induce PASMCs phenotypic transformation and activate the ERK signaling. Furthermore, ERK inhibitor (PD98059) could also attenuate hypoxia-induced PASMCs phenotypic transformation. SIGNIFICANCE VPO1 play a pivotal role in promotion of phenotypic transformation of PASMCs under hypoxic condition through activation of VPO1/HOCl/ERK pathway. It might serve as a potential target for prevention of pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Gogulamudi VR, Machin DR, Henson GD, Lim J, Bramwell RC, Durrant JR, Donato AJ, Lesniewski LA. Sirt1 overexpression attenuates Western-style diet-induced aortic stiffening in mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15284. [PMID: 35561022 PMCID: PMC9101596 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased arterial stiffness is a cardiovascular disease risk factor in the setting of advancing age and Western diet (WD) induced obesity. Increases in large artery stiffness, as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), occur within 8 weeks of WD feeding in mice. Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1), a NAD-dependent deacetylase, regulates cellular metabolic activity and activation of this protein has been associated with vasoprotection in aged mice. The aim of the study was to elucidate the effect of global Sirt1 overexpression (Sirttg ) on WD-induced arterial stiffening. Sirt1 overexpression did not influence PWV in normal chow (NC) fed mice. However, PWV was higher in wild-type (WT) mice (p < 0.04), but not in Sirttg mice, after 12 weeks of WD and this effect was independent of changes in blood pressure or the passive pressure diameter relation in the carotid artery. Overexpression of Sirt1 was associated with lower collagen and higher elastin mRNA expression in the aorta of WD fed mice (both p < 0.05). Although MMP2 and MMP3 mRNA were both upregulated in WT mice after WD (both p < 0.05), this effect was reversed in Sirttg mice compared to WT mice fed WD (both p < 0.05). Surprisingly, histologically assessed collagen and elastin quality were unchanged in the aortas of WT or Sirttg mice after WD. However, Sirttg mice were protected from WD-induced glucose intolerance, although there was no difference in insulin tolerance between groups. These findings demonstrate a vasoprotective effect of Sirt1 overexpression that limits the increase in arterial stiffness in response to consumption of a WD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel R. Machin
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Grant D. Henson
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Jisok Lim
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | | | - Anthony J. Donato
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical CenterVeteran’s Affairs Medical CenterSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Lisa A. Lesniewski
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical CenterVeteran’s Affairs Medical CenterSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
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11
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Predescu DN, Mokhlesi B, Predescu SA. The Impact of Sex Chromosomes in the Sexual Dimorphism of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:582-594. [PMID: 35114193 PMCID: PMC8978209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a sex-biased disease with a poorly understood female prevalence. Emerging research suggests that nonhormonal factors, such as the XX or XY sex chromosome complement and sex bias in gene expression, may also lead to sex-based differences in PAH incidence, penetrance, and progression. Typically, one of females' two X chromosomes is epigenetically silenced to offer a gender-balanced gene expression. Recent data demonstrate that the long noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript, essential for X chromosome inactivation and dosage compensation of X-linked gene expression, shows elevated levels in female PAH lung specimens compared with controls. This molecular event leads to incomplete inactivation of the females' second X chromosome, abnormal expression of X-linked gene(s) involved in PAH pathophysiology, and a pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) proliferative phenotype. Moreover, the pathogenic proliferative p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/ETS transcription factor ELK1 (Elk1)/cFos signaling is mechanistically linked to the sexually dimorphic proliferative response of PAECs in PAH. Apprehending the complicated relationship between long noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript and X-linked genes and how this relationship integrates into a sexually dimorphic proliferation of PAECs and PAH sex paradox remain challenging. We highlight herein new findings related to how the sex chromosome complement and sex-differentiated epigenetic mechanisms to control gene expression are decisive players in the sexual dimorphism of PAH. Pharmacologic interventions in the light of the newly elucidated mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan N Predescu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Babak Mokhlesi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sanda A Predescu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Metabolism, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Redox Homeostasis in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020428. [PMID: 35204311 PMCID: PMC8869288 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a group of disorders characterized by elevated mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressure, progressive right ventricular failure, and often death. Some of the hallmarks of pulmonary hypertension include endothelial dysfunction, intimal and medial proliferation, vasoconstriction, inflammatory infiltration, and in situ thrombosis. The vascular remodeling seen in pulmonary hypertension has been previously linked to the hyperproliferation of PA smooth muscle cells. This excess proliferation of PA smooth muscle cells has recently been associated with changes in metabolism and mitochondrial biology, including changes in glycolysis, redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial quality control. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms that have been reported to contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic changes, and redox biology in PH.
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Ho L, Hossen N, Nguyen T, Vo A, Ahsan F. Epigenetic Mechanisms as Emerging Therapeutic Targets and Microfluidic Chips Application in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010170. [PMID: 35052850 PMCID: PMC8773438 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease that progress over time and is defined as an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance that frequently leads to right-ventricular (RV) failure and death. Epigenetic modifications comprising DNA methylation, histone remodeling, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been established to govern chromatin structure and transcriptional responses in various cell types during disease development. However, dysregulation of these epigenetic mechanisms has not yet been explored in detail in the pathology of pulmonary arterial hypertension and its progression with vascular remodeling and right-heart failure (RHF). Targeting epigenetic regulators including histone methylation, acetylation, or miRNAs offers many possible candidates for drug discovery and will no doubt be a tempting area to explore for PAH therapies. This review focuses on studies in epigenetic mechanisms including the writers, the readers, and the erasers of epigenetic marks and targeting epigenetic regulators or modifiers for treatment of PAH and its complications described as RHF. Data analyses from experimental cell models and animal induced PAH models have demonstrated that significant changes in the expression levels of multiple epigenetics modifiers such as HDMs, HDACs, sirtuins (Sirt1 and Sirt3), and BRD4 correlate strongly with proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis linked to the pathological vascular remodeling during PAH development. The reversible characteristics of protein methylation and acetylation can be applied for exploring small-molecule modulators such as valproic acid (HDAC inhibitor) or resveratrol (Sirt1 activator) in different preclinical models for treatment of diseases including PAH and RHF. This review also presents to the readers the application of microfluidic devices to study sex differences in PAH pathophysiology, as well as for epigenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (N.H.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (F.A.); Tel.: +1-916-686-7370 (L.H.); +1-916-686-3529 (F.A.)
| | - Nazir Hossen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (N.H.); (T.N.)
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (N.H.); (T.N.)
- East Bay Institute for Research & Education (EBIRE), Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | - Au Vo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (N.H.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (F.A.); Tel.: +1-916-686-7370 (L.H.); +1-916-686-3529 (F.A.)
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14
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Huang CX, Jiang ZX, Du DY, Zhang ZM, Liu Y, Li YT. The MFF-SIRT1/3 axis, regulated by miR-340-5p, restores mitochondrial homeostasis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. J Transl Med 2022; 102:515-523. [PMID: 35042949 PMCID: PMC9042702 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics and quality control play a central role in the maintenance of the proliferation-apoptosis balance, which is closely related to the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the exact mechanism of this balance remains unknown. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were cultured in hypoxia condition for constructing a PAH model in vitro. The expression of genes and proteins were determined by qRT-PCR and western bolt assays. Cell proliferation-apoptosis balance were tested by MTT, EdU and TUNEL assays. The mitochondrial functions were assessed by flow cytometry, JC-1, Mito tracker red staining, and corresponding kits. Besides, the molecular interaction was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. MFF was overexpressed in hypoxia-treated PAMSCs. Knockdown of MFF significantly repressed the excessive proliferation but enhanced cell apoptosis in hypoxia-treated PAMSCs. Moreover, MFF silencing improved mitochondrial function of hypoxia-treated PAMSCs by increasing ATP production and decreasing ROS release and mitochondrial fission. Mechanistically, MFF was a directly target of miR-340-5p, and could negatively regulate SIRT1/3 expression. Subsequently, functional rescue assays showed that the biological effects of MFF in hypoxia-treated PAMSCs were negatively regulated by miR-340-5p and depended on the regulation on SIRT1/3 pathway. These results provided evidences that miR-340-5p regulated MFF-SIRT1/3 axis to improve mitochondrial homeostasis and proliferation-apoptosis imbalance of hypoxia-treated PAMSCs, which provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Huang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province PR China
| | - Zhi-Xin Jiang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Cardiology, 305 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, PR China
| | - Da-Yong Du
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Cardiology, 305 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhang
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Linfen Peoples’ Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Linfen, Shanxi Province PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Cardiology, 305 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yun-Tian Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China. .,Department of Cardiology, 305 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, PR China.
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Li Y, Li Y, Li L, Yin M, Wang J, Li X. PKR deficiency alleviates pulmonary hypertension via inducing inflammasome adaptor ASC inactivation. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:20458940211046156. [PMID: 34540200 PMCID: PMC8447110 DOI: 10.1177/20458940211046156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive fatal disease that currently has no specific
therapeutic approaches. In this study, dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) was considered
a candidate molecule in pulmonary hypertension. We demonstrated that PKR is activated in
the endothelium of experimental pulmonary hypertension models. Deletion of PKR or
treatment with the PKR activation inhibitor C16 inhibited the development of pulmonary
hypertension. To explore the mechanism of PKR in pulmonary hypertension, we detected its
downstream signaling and found that PKR knockout represses apoptosis-associated speck-like
protein containing CARD (ASC) activation to inhibit high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and
interleukin-1 beta release. To further explore whether ASC mediates the pro-pulmonary
hypertension role of PKR, we used ASC deletion mice and found that ASC deletion inhibits
the development of pulmonary hypertension and the release of HMGB1 and interleukin-1 beta.
Furthermore, we co-cultured pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) and pulmonary
arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and found that endothelial PKR promotes PASMCs
proliferation through the release of HMGB1 and interleukin-1 beta. In conclusion, these
data indicate that endothelial PKR promotes the excessive proliferation of PASMCs by
inducing ASC activation to release HMGB1 and interleukin-1 beta, which lead to the
development of pulmonary hypertension. Our study will provide a novel insight that PKR is
a potential target in the future treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapei Li
- Department of Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghui Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Department of Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, China
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16
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Zhu J, Zhao L, Hu Y, Cui G, Luo A, Bao C, Han Y, Zhou T, Lu W, Wang J, Black SM, Tang H. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2-Alpha Mediated Gene Sets Differentiate Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:701247. [PMID: 34422822 PMCID: PMC8375387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.701247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HIF2α is of vital importance in the regulation of endothelial dysfunction, cell proliferation, migration, and pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Our previous studies demonstrated that conditional and inducible deletion of HIF2α in mouse lung endothelial cells, dramatically protected the mice against vascular remodeling and the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Here, we provide a novel transcriptome insight into the impact of HIF2α in PAH pathogenesis and the potential to use HIF2α-mediated gene sets to differentiate PAH human subjects. METHODS Using transcriptome data, we first tapped the value of the difference in gene expression profile between wild type (WT) and Hif2a knockdown (KD) cell lines. We considered the deregulated genes between WT and Hif2a-KD cells as HIF2α influenced genes. By examining the lung tissue transcriptome data set with nine controls and eight PAH patients, we evaluated the HIF2α regulatory network in PAH pathogenesis to further determine the identification ability of HIF2α-mediated gene sets in human PAH subjects. On the other hand, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) transcriptome data from PAH patients and healthy controls, we further validated the potential of the HIF2α-mediated PBMC gene sets as a possible diagnostic tool for PAH. To verify the ability of HIF2α-mediated gene sets for the identification of PAH, endothelial cell-specific Phd2 knockout mice with spontaneous pulmonary hypertension were used for reverse validation experiments. RESULTS 19 identified GO biological process terms were significantly correlated with the genes down-regulated in Hif2a-KD cells, all of which are strongly related to the PAH pathogenesis. We further assessed the discriminative power of these HIF2α-mediated gene sets in PAH human subjects. We found that the expression profile of the HIF2α-mediated gene sets in lung tissues and PBMCs were differentiated both between controls and PAH patients. Further, a significant positive correlation was observed between hypoxia and Phd2 deficiency mediated gene set expression profiles. As expected, 7 of the 19 significantly down-regulated GO terms in Hif2a-KD cells were found to overlap with the up-regulated GO gene sets in Phd2 EC-/- mice compared to WT controls, suggesting opposing effects of HIF2α and PHD2 on PAH pathogenesis. CONCLUSION HIF2α-mediated gene sets may be used to differentiate pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yadan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Guoqi Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ang Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Changlei Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Miami, FL, United States
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Haiyang Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Tian Q, Fan X, Ma J, Li D, Han Y, Yin X, Wang H, Huang T, Wang Z, Shentu Y, Xue F, Du C, Wang Y, Mao S, Fan J, Gong Y. Critical role of VGLL4 in the regulation of chronic normobaric hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21822. [PMID: 34314061 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002650rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a rare but deadly cardiopulmonary disorder, is characterized by extensive remodeling of pulmonary arteries resulting from enhancement of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recently, epigenetics has gained increasing prominence in the development of PH. We aimed to investigate the role of vestigial-like family member 4 (VGLL4) in chronic normobaric hypoxia (CNH)-induced PH and to address whether it is associated with epigenetic regulation. The rodent model of PH was established by CNH treatment (10% O2 , 23 hours/day). Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and adeno-associated virus tests were performed to explore the potential mechanisms involved in CNH-induced PH in mice. VGLL4 expression was upregulated and correlated with CNH in PH mouse lung tissues in a time-dependent manner. VGLL4 colocalized with α-smooth muscle actin in cultured pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and VGLL4 immunoactivity was increased in PASMCs following hypoxia exposure in vitro. VGLL4 knockdown attenuated CNH-induced PH and pulmonary artery remodeling by blunting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling; conversely, VGLL4 overexpression exacerbated the development of PH. CNH enhanced the acetylation of VGLL4 and increased the interaction of ac-H3K9/VGLL4 and ac-H3K9/STAT3 in the lung tissues, and levels of ac-H3K9, p-STAT3/STAT3, and proliferation-associated protein levels were markedly up-regulated, whereas apoptosis-related protein levels were significantly downregulated, in the lung tissues of mice with CNH-induced PH. Notably, abrogation of VGLL4 acetylation reversed CNH-induced PH and pulmonary artery remodeling and suppressed STAT3 signaling. Finally, STAT3 knockdown alleviated CNH-induced PH. In conclusion, VGLL4 acetylation upregulation could contribute to CNH-induced PH and pulmonary artery remodeling via STAT3 signaling, and abrogation of VGLL4 acetylation reversed CNH-induced PH. Pharmacological or genetic deletion of VGLL4 might be a potential target for therapeutic interventions in CNH-induced PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Tian
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianshe Ma
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dantong Li
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yujiao Han
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianghong Yin
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenglu Wang
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yangping Shentu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Congkuo Du
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongyu Wang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sunzhong Mao
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junming Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Pulmonary arterial hypertension induces the release of circulating extracellular vesicles with oxidative content and alters redox and mitochondrial homeostasis in the brains of rats. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:918-931. [PMID: 33875858 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by increased resistance of the pulmonary vasculature and afterload imposed on the right ventricle (RV). Two major contributors to the worsening of this disease are oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment. This study aimed to explore the effects of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH on redox and mitochondrial homeostasis in the RV and brain and how circulating extracellular vesicle (EV) signaling is related to these phenomena. Wistar rats were divided into control and MCT groups (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), and EVs were isolated from blood on the day of euthanasia (21 days after MCT injections). There was an oxidative imbalance in the RV, brain, and EVs of MCT rats. PAH impaired mitochondrial function in the RV, as seen by a decrease in the activities of mitochondrial complex II and citrate synthase and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) protein expression, but this function was preserved in the brain. The key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, namely, proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha and sirtuin 1, were poorly expressed in the EVs of MCT rats, and this result was positively correlated with MnSOD expression in the RV and negatively correlated with MnSOD expression in the brain. Based on these findings, we can conclude that the RV is severely impacted by the development of PAH, but this pathological injury may signal the release of circulating EVs that communicate with different organs, such as the brain, helping to prevent further damage through the upregulation of proteins involved in redox and mitochondrial function.
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Liu C, Sun H, Tang M, Li J, Zhang X, Cao G. Ethyl Pyruvate Alleviates Pulmonary Hypertension through the Suppression of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation via the High Mobility Group Protein B1/Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products Axis. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 27:380-388. [PMID: 34011805 PMCID: PMC8684839 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.oa.21-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a formidable disease with no effective treatment at present. With the goal of developing potential therapies, we attempted to determine whether ethyl pyruvate (EP) could alleviate PAH and its mechanism. Methods: Pulmonary smooth muscle cells were cultured in conventional low-oxygen environments, and cellular proliferation was monitored after treatment with either EP or phosphate-balanced solution (PBS). Expression of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) protein were detected by western blot. After hyperkinetic PAH rat models were treated with EP, hemodynamic data were collected. Right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodeling were evaluated. Expression of HMGB1 and RAGE protein was also detected. Results: In vitro, proliferative activity increased in low-oxygen environments, but was inhibited by EP treatment. Furthermore, Western blotting showed the decreased expression of HMGB1 and RAGE protein after EP treatment. In vivo, pulmonary artery pressures were attenuated with EP. Right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodeling were also reversed. Additionally, the expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE were reduced in lung tissues. Conclusions: EP can alleviate PAH by suppressing the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via inhibition of HMGB1/RAGE expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hourong Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengmeng Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangqing Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Liu R, Xu J, Jiang Y, Hong W, Li S, Fu Z, Cao W, Li B, Ran P, Peng G. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB induces pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells proliferation by upregulating calcium sensing receptor under hypoxic conditions. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:189-201. [PMID: 33927476 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, which exists in both pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins. Pulmonary vascular remodeling stems from excessive proliferation of pulmonary vascular myocytes. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is a vital vascular regulator whose level increases in PH human lungs. Although the mechanisms by which pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells respond to PDGF-BB have been studied extensively, the effects of PDGF-BB on pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs) remain unknown. We herein examined the involvement of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in PDGF-BB-induced PVSMCs proliferation under hypoxic conditions. In PVSMCs isolated from rat intrapulmonary veins, PDGF-BB increased the cell number and DNA synthesis under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, which was accompanied by upregulated CaSR expression. The influences of PDGF-BB on proliferation and CaSR expression in hypoxic PVSMCs were greater than that in normoxic PVSMCs. In hypoxic PVSMCs superfused with Ca2+-free solution, restoration of extracellular Ca2+ induced an increase of [Ca2+]i, which was significantly smaller than that in PDGF-BB-treated hypoxic PVSMCs. The positive CaSR modulator spermine enhanced, whereas the negative CaSR modulator NPS2143 attenuated, the extracellular Ca2+-induced [Ca2+]i increase in PDGF-BB-treated hypoxic PVSMCs. Furthermore, the spermine enhanced, whereas the NPS2143 inhibited, PDGF-BB-induced proliferation in hypoxic PVSMCs. Silencing CaSR with siRNA attenuated the extracellular Ca2+-induced [Ca2+]i increase in PDGF-BB-treated hypoxic PVSMCs and inhibited PDGF-BB-induced proliferation in hypoxic PVSMCs. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that CaSR mediating PDGF-BB-induced excessive PVSMCs proliferation is an important mechanism involved in the initiation and progression of PVSMCs proliferation under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmin Liu
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Juan Xu
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Hong
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoxing Li
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Zhenli Fu
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Weitao Cao
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Bing Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pixin Ran
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Gongyong Peng
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
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21
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Testicular STAC3 regulates Leydig cell steroidogenesis through potentiating mitochondrial membrane potential and StAR processing. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:195-209. [PMID: 33409656 PMCID: PMC8016781 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SH3 and cysteine-rich protein 3 (STAC3), a small adapter protein originally identified as a core component of excitation–contraction coupling machinery, regulates the voltage-induced Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle. However, the possibility of additional, as yet unknown, non-muscle effects of STAC3 cannot be ruled out. Herein, we provide the evidence for the expression and functional involvement of STAC3 in spermatogenesis. STAC3 expression was localized in the testicular interstitium of rodent and human testes. By using the cytotoxic drug ethylene dimethane sulfonate (EDS), STAC3 expression was observed to be decreased sharply in rat testis after selective withdrawal of Leydig cells (LCs), and reappeared immediately after LCs repopulation, indicating that testicular expression of STAC3 mainly stems from LCs. From a functional standpoint, in vivo lentiviral vector–mediated suppression of STAC3 resulted in a significant decrease in testosterone production, and thereafter caused impairment of male fertility by inducing oligozoospermia and asthenospermia. The indispensible involvement of STAC3 in testicular steroidogenesis was validated using the in vivo knockdown model with isolated primary LCs as well as in vitro experiments with primary LCs. By generating the TM3Stac3−/− cells, we further revealed that STAC3 depletion attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential and StAR processing in db-cAMP-stimulated LCs. Thus, the inhibitory effect of STAC3 deficiency on testicular steroidogenesis may be ascribed to a disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis. Collectively, the present results strongly suggest that STAC3 may function as a novel regulator linking mitochondrial homeostasis and testicular steroidogenesis in LCs. Our data underscore an unexpected reproductive facet of this muscle-derived factor.
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22
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Yang Y, Yin L, Zhu M, Song S, Sun C, Han X, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Qi Y, Xu L, Peng JY. Protective effects of dioscin on vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension via adjusting GRB2/ERK/PI3K-AKT signal. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111056. [PMID: 33378960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and lethal cardiopulmonary. Pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) caused by excessive proliferation and apoptosis resistance of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is the chief pathological feature of PAH. Dioscin is a natural product that possesses multiple pharmacological activities, but its effect on PAH remains unclear. In this study, effect of dioscin on vascular remodeling in PAH was assessed in hypoxia-induced PASMCs, hypoxia-induced and monocrotaline (MCT)-induced rats. Western blot, Real-time PCR and siRNA transfection tests were applied to evaluate the possible mechanisms of dioscin. In vitro experiments, results showed dioscin markedly inhibited the proliferation and migration, and promoted apoptosis of hypoxic PASMCs. In vivo, dioscin significantly decreased the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), and improved pulmonary vascular stenosis in rats induced by hypoxia or MCT. Molecular mechanism studies showed that dioscin significantly reduced the expression of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2). Subsequently, dioscin reduced the expressions of Ras, Cyclin D1, CDK4, c-Fos, PCNA and p-ERK to inhibit proliferation and migration of PASMCs, inhibited p-PI3K and p-AKT levels and increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio to promote cell apoptosis. GRB2 siRNA transfection in PASMCs further confirmed that the inhibitory action of dioscin in PAH was evoked by adjusting GRB2/ERK/PI3K-AKT signal. Taken together, our study indicated that dioscin attenuates PAH through adjusting GRB2/ERK/PI3K-AKT signal to inhibit PASMCs proliferation and migration, and promote apoptosis, and dioscin may be developed as a therapeutic strategy for treating PAH in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Diosgenin/analogs & derivatives
- Diosgenin/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- GRB2 Adaptor Protein/genetics
- GRB2 Adaptor Protein/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/enzymology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/enzymology
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Manning Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shasha Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Changjie Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - J-Y Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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23
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Xi L, Ruan L, Yao X, Zhang D, Yuan H, Li Q, Yan C. SIRT1 promotes pulmonary artery endothelial cell proliferation by targeting the Akt signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:179. [PMID: 33101469 PMCID: PMC7579766 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and obliterative pulmonary vascular remodeling; however, the pathogenesis of the disease is not completely understood. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a histone deacetylase involved in cell survival and metabolism. The present study explored the potential role of SIRT1 in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs) under hypoxic conditions. In vitro HPAECs were cultured and exposed to hypoxic conditions. Subsequently, SIRT1 expression levels were measured via western blotting, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated, and the interaction between SIRT1 and Akt was assessed via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. In addition, the effects of SIRT1 on cell proliferation and apoptosis were also investigated. The results indicated that hypoxia induced SIRT1 expression in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells, which may be associated with ROS generation. SIRT1 expression activated the Akt signaling pathway, which increased the expression levels of Bcl-2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in HPAECs. Moreover, SIRT1 promoted HPAEC proliferation and inhibited HPAEC apoptosis. ROS generation enhanced the SIRT1/Akt axis, which was essential for epithelial cell injury under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, blocking SIRT1 may reduce hypoxia-induced pathological damage in HPAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liandong Xi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Miyun Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing 101500, P.R. China
| | - Lin Ruan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Yao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200; P.R. China.,Department of Surgery, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200; P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Yuan
- The Third Cardiovascular Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200; P.R. China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Cuihuan Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200; P.R. China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
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24
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Hsu JY, Major JL, Riching AS, Sen R, Pires da Silva J, Bagchi RA. Beyond the genome: challenges and potential for epigenetics-driven therapeutic approaches in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:631-646. [PMID: 32706995 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease of the cardiopulmonary system caused by the narrowing of the pulmonary arteries, leading to increased vascular resistance and pressure. This leads to right ventricle remodeling, dysfunction, and eventually, death. While conventional therapies have largely focused on targeting vasodilation, other pathological features of PAH including aberrant inflammation, mitochondrial dynamics, cell proliferation, and migration have not been well explored. Thus, despite some recent improvements in PAH treatment, the life expectancy and quality of life for patients with PAH remains poor. Showing many similarities to cancers, PAH is characterized by increased pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation, decreased apoptotic signaling pathways, and changes in metabolism. The recent successes of therapies targeting epigenetic modifiers for the treatment of cancer has prompted epigenetic research in PAH, revealing many new potential therapeutic targets. In this minireview we discuss the emergence of epigenetic dysregulation in PAH and highlight epigenetic-targeting compounds that may be effective for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Y Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer L Major
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew S Riching
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rwik Sen
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie Pires da Silva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rushita A Bagchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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25
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Le Ribeuz H, Courboulin A, Ghigna MR, Lambert M, Hautefort A, Humbert M, Montani D, Cohen-Kaminsky S, Perros F, Antigny F. In vivo miR-138-5p inhibition alleviates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and normalizes pulmonary KCNK3 and SLC45A3 expression. Respir Res 2020; 21:186. [PMID: 32678044 PMCID: PMC7364627 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves many signalling pathways. MicroRNAs are potential candidates involved in simultaneously coordinating multiple genes under such multifactorial conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS MiR-138-5p is overexpressed in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from PAH patients and in lungs from rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (MCT-PH). MiR-138-5p is predicted to regulate the expression of the potassium channel KCNK3, whose loss is associated with the development and progression of PAH. We hypothesized that, in vivo, miR-138-5p inhibition would restore KCNK3 lung expression and subsequently alleviate PAH. Nebulization-based delivery of anti-miR-138-5p to rats with established MCT-PH significantly reduced the right ventricular systolic pressure and significantly improved the pulmonary arterial acceleration time (PAAT). These haemodynamic improvements were related to decrease pulmonary vascular remodelling, lung inflammation and pulmonary vascular cell proliferation in situ. In vivo inhibition of miR-138-5p restored KCNK3 mRNA expression and SLC45A3 protein expression in the lungs. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that in vivo inhibition of miR-138-5p reduces the development of PH in experimental MCT-PH. The possible curative mechanisms involve at least the normalization of lung KCNK3 as well as SLC45A3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Le Ribeuz
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension pulmonaire : Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Audrey Courboulin
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension pulmonaire : Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Maria-Rosa Ghigna
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension pulmonaire : Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension pulmonaire : Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Aurélie Hautefort
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension pulmonaire : Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension pulmonaire : Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - David Montani
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension pulmonaire : Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvia Cohen-Kaminsky
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension pulmonaire : Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Frédéric Perros
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension pulmonaire : Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension pulmonaire : Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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26
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Novel Molecular Mechanisms of Pulmonary Hypertension: A Search for Biomarkers and Novel Drug Targets-From Bench to Bed Site. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7265487. [PMID: 32566097 PMCID: PMC7261339 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7265487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as increased mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) above 25 mmHg, measured at rest by right heart catheterization. The exact global prevalence of PH is difficult to estimate, mainly due to the complex aetiology, and its spread may be underestimated. To date, numerous studies on the aetiology and pathophysiology of PH at molecular level were conducted. Simultaneously, some clinical studies have shown potential usefulness of well-known and widely recognized cardiovascular biomarkers, but their potential clinical usefulness in diagnosis and management of PH is poor due to their low specificity accompanied with numerous other cardiovascular comorbidities of PH subjects. On the other hand, a large body of basic research-based studies provides us with novel molecular pathomechanisms, biomarkers, and drug targets, according to the evidence-based medicine principles. Unfortunately, the simple implementation of these results to clinical practice is impossible due to a large heterogeneity of the PH pathophysiology, where the clinical symptoms constitute only a common denominator and a final result of numerous crosstalking metabolic pathways. Therefore, future studies, based mostly on translational medicine, are needed in order to both organize better the pathophysiological classification of various forms of PH and define precisely the optimal diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in particular forms of PH. This review paper summarizes the current state of the art regarding the molecular background of PH with respect to its current classification. Novel therapeutic strategies and potential biomarkers are discussed with respect to their limitations in use in common clinical practice.
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27
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Zha LH, Zhou J, Tan Y, Guo S, Zhang MQ, Li S, Yan P, Yu ZX. NLRC3 inhibits PDGF-induced PASMCs proliferation via PI3K-mTOR pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9557-9567. [PMID: 32383265 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Few studies about nucleotide-oligomerization domain-like receptor subfamily C3 (NLRC3) in PASMCs have been conducted. This research aimed to investigate the role of NLRC3 on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and its underlying mechanism. We found that the proliferation of PASMCs stimulated with PDGF decreased when phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors pretreatment. Overexpression of NLRC3 inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs and the phosphorylation of PI3K and mTOR while knocking down NLRC3 reversed this effect. Targeted to PI3K or mTOR can also reverse the effect of NLRC3. Activation of PI3K increased the phosphorylation of mTOR while inhibition of PI3K reduced it. Our data suggest that PDGF can induce abnormal proliferation of PASMCs, and NLRC3 suppresses activation of the PI3K-mTOR signaling thus inhibits PASMCs proliferation. These findings unveiled the effect of NLRC3 as an inhibitor of the PI3K-mTOR pathway mediating protection against PASMCs proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Huang Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yilong Tan
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhuzhou Hospital, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Shuhong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhuzhou Hospital, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Men-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zai-Xin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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28
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Pullamsetti SS, Nayakanti S, Chelladurai P, Mamazhakypov A, Mansouri S, Savai R, Seeger W. Cancer and pulmonary hypertension: Learning lessons and real-life interplay. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2020; 2020:e202010. [PMID: 33150154 PMCID: PMC7590929 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2020.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the scientific reasons that support the intriguing vision of pulmonary hypertension (PH) as a disease with a cancer-like nature and to understand whether this point of view may have fruitful consequences for the overall management of PH. This review compares cancer and PH in view of Hanahan and Weinberg’s principles (i.e., hallmarks of cancer) with an emphasis on hyperproliferative, metabolic, and immune/inflammatory aspects of the disease. In addition, this review provides a perspective on the role of transcription factors and chromatin and epigenetic aberrations, besides genetics, as “common driving mechanisms” of PH hallmarks and the foreseeable use of transcription factor/epigenome targeting as multitarget approach against the hallmarks of PH. Thus, recognition of the widespread applicability and analogy of these concepts will increasingly affect the development of new means of PH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Sreenath Nayakanti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Prakash Chelladurai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Argen Mamazhakypov
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Siavash Mansouri
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany
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Rafikova O, James J, Eccles CA, Kurdyukov S, Niihori M, Varghese MV, Rafikov R. Early progression of pulmonary hypertension in the monocrotaline model in males is associated with increased lung permeability. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:11. [PMID: 32188512 PMCID: PMC7079376 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms involved in pulmonary hypertension (PH) development in patients and pre-clinical models are poorly understood. PH has a well-established sex dimorphism in patients with increased frequency of PH in females, and more severe disease with poor survival prognosis in males. Previously, we found that heme signaling plays an essential role in the development phase of the Sugen/Hypoxia (SU/Hx) model. This study is focused on the elucidation of sex differences in mechanisms of PH development related to heme action at the early stage of the monocrotaline (MCT) PH model. Methods Rats received MCT injection (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and followed for 14 days to investigate early disease changes. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at the end of the study; plasma, lung homogenates, and nuclear fractions were used for the evaluation of protein levels. Results Our data indicate that on day 14, rats did not show any significant increase in the Fulton index due to the early disease phase. However, the right ventricular systolic pressure was significantly increased in male rats, while female rats showed only a trend. Interestingly, only males demonstrated an increased lung-to-bodyweight ratio that indicated lung edema. Indeed, lung histology confirmed severe perivascular edema in males. Previously, we have reported that the increased perivascular edema in SU/Hx model correlated with intravascular hemolysis and activated heme signaling. Here, we found that elevated free hemoglobin levels and perivascular edema were increased, specifically in males showing more rapid progress of PH. A high level of heme carrier protein 1 (HCP-1), which is involved in heme uptake from the bloodstream into the cells, was also found elevated in the lungs of males. The upregulation of heme oxygenase in males indicated increased intracellular heme catabolism. Increased heme signaling resulted in the activation of heme-mediated barrier-disruptive mechanisms. Thus, hemolysis in males can be responsible for increased permeability of the lungs and early disease development. Conclusions Our study indicates the importance of barrier-disruptive mechanisms as an earlier event in the induction of pulmonary hypertension. Importantly, males are more susceptible to hemolysis and develop PH earlier than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rafikova
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Joel James
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Cody A Eccles
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sergey Kurdyukov
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Maki Niihori
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | - Ruslan Rafikov
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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Dasgupta A, Wu D, Tian L, Xiong PY, Dunham-Snary KJ, Chen KH, Alizadeh E, Motamed M, Potus F, Hindmarch CCT, Archer SL. Mitochondria in the Pulmonary Vasculature in Health and Disease: Oxygen-Sensing, Metabolism, and Dynamics. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:713-765. [PMID: 32163206 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In lung vascular cells, mitochondria serve a canonical metabolic role, governing energy homeostasis. In addition, mitochondria exist in dynamic networks, which serve noncanonical functions, including regulation of redox signaling, cell cycle, apoptosis, and mitochondrial quality control. Mitochondria in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) are oxygen sensors and initiate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Acquired dysfunction of mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics contribute to a cancer-like phenotype in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Acquired mitochondrial abnormalities, such as increased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) and pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 (PKM2) expression, which increase uncoupled glycolysis (the Warburg phenomenon), are implicated in PAH. Warburg metabolism sustains energy homeostasis by the inhibition of oxidative metabolism that reduces mitochondrial apoptosis, allowing unchecked cell accumulation. Warburg metabolism is initiated by the induction of a pseudohypoxic state, in which DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)-mediated changes in redox signaling cause normoxic activation of HIF-1α and increase PDK expression. Furthermore, mitochondrial division is coordinated with nuclear division through a process called mitotic fission. Increased mitotic fission in PAH, driven by increased fission and reduced fusion favors rapid cell cycle progression and apoptosis resistance. Downregulation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUC) occurs in PAH and is one potential unifying mechanism linking Warburg metabolism and mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial metabolic and dynamic disorders combine to promote the hyperproliferative, apoptosis-resistant, phenotype in PAH PASMC, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Understanding the molecular mechanism regulating mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics has permitted identification of new biomarkers, nuclear and CT imaging modalities, and new therapeutic targets for PAH. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:713-765, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danchen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lian Tian
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ping Yu Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kuang-Hueih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elahe Alizadeh
- Department of Medicine, Queen's Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehras Motamed
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - François Potus
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles C T Hindmarch
- Department of Medicine, Queen's Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Chelladurai P, Boucherat O, Stenmark K, Kracht M, Seeger W, Bauer UM, Bonnet S, Pullamsetti SS. Targeting histone acetylation in pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:54-71. [PMID: 31749139 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), have been known to regulate chromatin structure and lineage-specific gene expression during cardiovascular development and disease. However, alterations in the landscape of histone PTMs and their contribution to the pathogenesis of incurable cardiovascular diseases such as pulmonary hypertension (PH) and associated right heart failure (RHF) remain largely unexplored. This review focusses on the studies in PH and RHF that investigated the gene families that write (histone acetyltransferases), read (bromodomain-containing proteins) or erase (histone deacetylases [HDACs] and sirtuins [SIRT]) acetyl moieties from the ε-amino group of lysine residues of histones and non-histone proteins. Analysis of cells and tissues isolated from the in vivo preclinical models of PH and human pulmonary arterial hypertension not only confirmed significant alterations in the expression levels of multiple HDACs, SIRT1, SIRT3 and BRD4 proteins but also demonstrated their strong association to proliferative, inflammatory and fibrotic phenotypes linked to the pathological vascular remodelling process. Due to the reversible nature of post-translational protein acetylation, the therapeutic efficacy of numerous small-molecule inhibitors (vorinostat, valproic acid, sodium butyrate, mocetinostat, entinostat, tubastatin A, apabetalone, JQ1 and resveratrol) have been evaluated in different preclinical models of cardiovascular disease, which revealed the promising therapeutic benefits of targeting histone acetylation pathways in the attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, left heart dysfunction, PH and RHF. This review also emphasizes the need for deeper molecular insights into the contribution of epigenetic changes to PH pathogenesis and therapeutic evaluation of isoform-specific modulation in ex vivo and in vivo models of PH and RHF. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chelladurai
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Uta-Maria Bauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Napoli C, Benincasa G, Loscalzo J. Epigenetic Inheritance Underlying Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:653-664. [PMID: 30727752 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), the Warburg effect (glycolytic shift) and mitochondrial fission are determinants of phenotype alterations characteristic of the disease, such as proliferation, apoptosis resistance, migration, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix stiffness. Current therapies, focusing largely on vasodilation and antithrombotic protection, do not restore these aberrant phenotypes suggesting that additional pathways need be targeted. The multifactorial nature of PAH suggests epigenetic changes as potential determinants of vascular remodeling. Transgenerational epigenetic changes induced by hypoxia can result in permanent changes early in fetal development increasing PAH risk in adulthood. Unlike genetic mutations, epigenetic changes are pharmacologically reversible, making them an attractive target as therapeutic strategies for PAH. This review offers a landscape of the most current clinical, epigenetic-sensitive changes contributing to PAH vascular remodeling both in early and later life, with a focus on a network medicine strategy. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of the application (from morphogenesis to disease onset) of molecular network-based algorithms to dissect PAH molecular pathobiology. Additionally, we suggest an integrated network-based program for clinical disease gene discovery that may reveal novel biomarkers and novel disease targets, thus offering a truly innovative path toward redefining and treating PAH, as well as facilitating the trajectory of a comprehensive precision medicine approach to PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Napoli
- From the Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic, and Geriatric Sciences (C.N., G.B.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units AOU (C.N., G.B.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- From the Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic, and Geriatric Sciences (C.N., G.B.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units AOU (C.N., G.B.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.L.)
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33
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Therapeutic targets and drugs for hyper-proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Li S, Zhai C, Shi W, Feng W, Xie X, Pan Y, Wang J, Yan X, Chai L, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Liu P, Li M. Leukotriene B 4 induces proliferation of rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells via modulating GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 867:172823. [PMID: 31770525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) has been found to contribute to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation and pulmonary arterial remodeling therefore the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study aims to address this issue. Our results demonstrate that LTB4 dose- and time-dependently induced proliferation of primary cultured rat PASMCs, this was accompanied with the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways, and consequent inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), up-regulation of β-catenin and induction of cyclin D1 expression. The presence of PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) or MEK inhibitor (U0126) or prior silencing of β-catenin with siRNA suppressed LTB4-induced cyclin D1 up-regulation and PASMCs proliferation. In addition, inactivation or lack of GSK-3β up-regulated β-catenin and cyclin D1 in PASMCs. Taken together, our study indicates that activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways mediates LTB4-induced PASMCs proliferation by modulating GSK-3β/β-catenin/cyclin D1 axis and suggests that targeting this pathway might have potential value in alleviating vascular remodeling and benefit PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Cui Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Yilin Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Pengtao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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Cheng X, Wang Y, Du L. Epigenetic Modulation in the Initiation and Progression of Pulmonary Hypertension. Hypertension 2019; 74:733-739. [PMID: 31476913 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe disease with multiple etiologies. In addition to genetics, recent studies have revealed the epigenetic modulation in the initiation and progression of PH. In this review, we summarize the epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PH, specifically, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. We further emphasize the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of these epigenetic hallmarks in PH. Finally, we highlight the developmental reprogramming in adult-onset PH because of adverse perinatal exposures such as intrauterine growth restriction and extrauterine growth restriction. Therefore, epigenetic modifications provide promise for the therapy and prevention of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Cheng
- From the Department of Pediatrics, (X.C., Y.W.) Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- From the Department of Pediatrics, (X.C., Y.W.) Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Chang Z, Zhang P, Zhang M, Jun F, Hu Z, Yang J, Wu Y, Zhou R. Aloperine suppresses human pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via inhibiting inflammatory response. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2019; 62:157-165. [PMID: 31535631 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_27_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation is critical pathological feature of pulmonary vascular remodeling that acts as driving force in the initiation and development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), ultimately leading to pulmonary hypertension. Aloperine is a main active alkaloid extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal Sophora alopecuroides and possesses outstanding antioxidation and anti-inflammatory effects. Our group found Aloperine has protective effects on monocroline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress in previous researches. However, the anti-inflammation effects of Aloperine on PAH remain unclear. Therefore, to further explore whether the beneficial role of Aloperine on PAH was connected with its anti-inflammatory effects, we performed experiments in vitro. Aloperine significantly inhibited the proliferation and DNA synthesis of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB, blocked progression through G0/G1to S phase of the cell cycle and promoted total ratio of apoptosis. In summary, these results suggested that Aloperine negatively regulated nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway activity to exert protective effects on PAH and suppressed HPASMCs proliferation therefore has a potential value in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension by negatively modulating pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Feng Jun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Jiamei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Ru Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy; Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education; Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
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Alruwaili N, Kandhi S, Sun D, Wolin MS. Metabolism and Redox in Pulmonary Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:752-769. [PMID: 30403147 PMCID: PMC6708269 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: This review considers how some systems controlling pulmonary vascular function are potentially regulated by redox processes to examine how and why conditions such as prolonged hypoxia, pathological mediators, and other factors promoting vascular remodeling contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recent Advances and Critical Issues: Aspects of vascular remodeling induction mechanisms described are associated with shifts in glucose metabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway and increased cytosolic NADPH generation by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, increased glycolysis generation of cytosolic NADH and lactate, mitochondrial dysfunction associated with superoxide dismutase-2 depletion, changes in reactive oxygen species and iron metabolism, and redox signaling. Future Directions: The regulation and impact of hypoxia-inducible factor and the function of cGMP-dependent and redox regulation of protein kinase G are considered for their potential roles as key sensors and coordinators of redox and metabolic processes controlling the progression of vascular pathophysiology in PH, and how modulating aspects of metabolic and redox regulatory systems potentially function in beneficial therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah Alruwaili
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Sharath Kandhi
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Michael S Wolin
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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Zhang M, Chang Z, Zhang P, Jing Z, Yan L, Feng J, Hu Z, Xu Q, Zhou W, Ma P, Hao Y, Zhou R. Protective effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid on pulmonary arterial hypertension via regulation of Rho A/Rho kinsase pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lysine acetyltransferases and lysine deacetylases as targets for cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 17:96-115. [DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Perros F, Sentenac P, Boulate D, Manaud G, Kotsimbos T, Lecerf F, Lamrani L, Fadel E, Mercier O, Londono-Vallejo A, Humbert M, Eddahibi S. Smooth Muscle Phenotype in Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension: Hyper-Proliferative but not Cancerous. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143575. [PMID: 31336611 PMCID: PMC6679125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a complex disease associated with vascular remodeling and a proliferative disorder in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) that has been variably described as having neoplastic features. To decode the phenotype of PASMCs in IPAH, PASMCs from explanted lungs of patients with IPAH (IPAH-PASMCs) and from controls (C-PASMCs) were cultured. The IPAH-PASMCs grew faster than the controls; however, both growth curves plateaued, suggesting contact inhibition in IPAH cells. No proliferation was seen without stimulation with exogenous growth factors, suggesting that IPAH cells are incapable of self-sufficient growth. IPAH-PASMCs were more resistant to apoptosis than C-PASMCs, consistent with the increase in the Bcl2/Bax ratio. As cell replication is governed by telomere length, these parameters were assessed jointly. Compared to C-PASMCs, IPAH-PASMCs had longer telomeres, but a limited replicative capacity. Additionally, it was noted that IPAH-PASMCs had a shift in energy production from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. As DNA damage and genomic instability are strongly implicated in IPAH development a comparative genomic hybridization was performed on genomic DNA from PASMCs which showed multiple break-points unaffected by IPAH severity. Activation of DNA damage/repair factors (γH2AX, p53, and GADD45) in response to cisplatin was measured. All proteins showed lower phosphorylation in IPAH samples than in controls, suggesting that the cells were resistant to DNA damage. Despite the cancer-like processes that are associated with end-stage IPAH-PASMCs, we identified no evidence of self-sufficient proliferation in these cells—the defining feature of neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Perros
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 999, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Montréal, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Pierre Sentenac
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Department of Anæsthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Arnaud de Villeneuve Teaching Hospital, Montpellier University School of Medicine, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - David Boulate
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Grégoire Manaud
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 999, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Tom Kotsimbos
- Alfred Health, Monash University, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Florence Lecerf
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 999, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France
- Research Department, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Lilia Lamrani
- Research Department, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Elie Fadel
- Research Department, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Olaf Mercier
- Research Department, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Arturo Londono-Vallejo
- Research Department, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 3244, Telomere and cancer lab, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 999, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Saadia Eddahibi
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 34295 Montpellier, France.
- Research Department, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
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41
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Chinnappan M, Gunewardena S, Chalise P, Dhillon NK. Analysis of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Interactions in Hyper-proliferative Human Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10533. [PMID: 31324852 PMCID: PMC6642142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported enhanced proliferation of smooth muscle cells on the combined exposure of HIV proteins and cocaine leading to the development of HIV-pulmonary arterial hypertension. Here, we attempt to comprehensively understand the interactions between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), mRNAs and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) to determine their role in smooth muscle hyperplasia. Differential expression of lncRNAs, mRNAs and miRNAs were obtained by microarray and small-RNA sequencing from HPASMCs treated with and without cocaine and/or HIV-Tat. LncRNA to mRNA associations were conjectured by analyzing their genomic proximity and by interrogating their association to vascular diseases and cancer co-expression patterns reported in the relevant databases. Neuro-active ligand receptor signaling, Ras signaling and PI3-Akt pathway were among the top pathways enriched in either differentially expressed mRNAs or mRNAs associated to lncRNAs. HPASMC with combined exposure to cocaine and Tat (C + T) vs control identified the following top lncRNA-mRNA pairs, ENST00000495536-HOXB13, T216482-CBL, ENST00000602736-GDF7, and, TCONS_00020413-RND1. Many of the down-regulated miRNAs in the HPASMCs treated with C + T were found to be anti-proliferative and targets of up-regulated lncRNAs targeting up-regulated mRNAs, including down-regulation of miR-185, -491 and up-regulation of corresponding ENST00000585387. Specific knock down of the selected lncRNAs highlighted the importance of non-coding RNAs in smooth muscle hyperplasia.
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MESH Headings
- Cocaine/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Gene Ontology
- HIV Infections/complications
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- MicroRNAs/biosynthesis
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- RNA, Long Noncoding/biosynthesis
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Tissue Array Analysis
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendran Chinnappan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Prabhakar Chalise
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Navneet K Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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42
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Li T, Luo XJ, Wang EL, Li NS, Zhang XJ, Song FL, Yang JF, Liu B, Peng J. Magnesium lithospermate B prevents phenotypic transformation of pulmonary arteries in rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension through suppression of NADPH oxidase. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 847:32-41. [PMID: 30659826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) shows multiple biological activities including anti-oxidation and anti-proliferation in various diseases. However, the function of MLB in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is still unknown. This study aims to investigate the effect of MLB on hypoxia-induced phenotypic transformation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and the underlying mechanisms. SD rats (or PASMCs) were exposed to 10% O2 for 3 weeks (or 3% O2 for 48 h) along with MLB or NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor intervention. The effects of MLB on hemodynamics, pulmonary vascular remodeling and phenotypic transformation of PASMCs were observed first. Then, its effects on the protein levels of NOX (NOX2 and NOX4), ERK and p-ERK were examined. The results showed that MLB prevented the elevation in right ventricular systolic pressure and the increase in ratio of wall thickness to vessel external diameter of pulmonary arteries in PAH rats, and attenuated phenotypic transformation of PASMCs (decrease in α-smooth muscle actin while increase in osteopontin), accompanied by downregulation of NOX (NOX2 and NOX4) protein levels, decrease of ROS and H2O2 production, and suppression of the phosphorylation of ERK. NOX inhibitor (VAS2870) achieved similar results to that of MLB did in the hypoxia-treated PASMCs. Based on the observations, we conclude that MLB is able to prevent phenotypic transformation of pulmonary arteries in hypoxic PAH rats through suppression of NOX/ROS/ERK pathway, and MLB might have the potentials in PAH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - E-Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Nian-Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Feng-Lin Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hosptial, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Fu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hosptial, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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43
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Jiang Y, Zhou Y, Peng G, Liu N, Tian H, Pan D, Liu L, Yang X, Li C, Li W, Chen L, Ran P, Dai A. Topotecan prevents hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and TRPC channels. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 104:161-170. [PMID: 30266526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effects of topotecan (TPT) on the hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in a rat model, and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS The experiments were carried out in vitro using rat PASMCs and in vivo using a rat model of hypoxia-induced PAH. RESULTS TPT significantly suppressed the hypoxia-induced upregulation of HIF-1α and TRPC1/4/6 expression both in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from normal rats and in pulmonary arteries from PAH model rats. Furthermore, TPT effectively inhibited intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) change (Ca2+ influx) in PASMCs from both normal rats and PAH model rats. Importantly, TPT treatment significantly inhibited the hypoxia-induced proliferation, migration and a contractile-to-synthetic phenotypic switching of normal rat PASMCs in vitro, where the effect was abrogated by overexpression of TRPC1/4/6. Furthermore, TPT administration potently attenuated the hypoxia-induced PAH-associated pulmonary arteriolar remodeling in PAH model rats, as evidenced by amelioration of elevated hemodynamic parameters, and enhanced right ventricle hypertrophy and wall thickening. CONCLUSION TPT ameliorates the hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH, and the mechanism is associated with TPT-mediated inhibition of hypoxia-induced upregulation of HIF-1α and TRPC1/4/6 expression, Ca2+ influx, and PASMCs proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Jiang
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yumin Zhou
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Gongyong Peng
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Nian Liu
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, PR China
| | - Heshen Tian
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, PR China
| | - Dan Pan
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xing Yang
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, PR China
| | - Ling Chen
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, PR China
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Aiguo Dai
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, PR China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, PR China.
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44
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Voelkel NF, Newman JH. The Light at the End of the Long Pulmonary Hypertension Tunnel Brightens. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198:818-820. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201802-0325le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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45
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Culley MK, Chan SY. Mitochondrial metabolism in pulmonary hypertension: beyond mountains there are mountains. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3704-3715. [PMID: 30080181 DOI: 10.1172/jci120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous and fatal disease of the lung vasculature, where metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction may drive pathogenesis. Similar to the Warburg effect in cancer, a shift from mitochondrial oxidation to glycolysis occurs in diseased pulmonary vessels and the right ventricle. However, appreciation of metabolic events in PH beyond the Warburg effect is only just emerging. This Review discusses molecular, translational, and clinical concepts centered on the mitochondria and highlights promising, controversial, and challenging areas of investigation. If we can move beyond the "mountains" of obstacles in this field and elucidate these fundamental tenets of pulmonary vascular metabolism, such work has the potential to usher in much-needed diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the mitochondrial and metabolic management of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda K Culley
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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46
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Jing X, Jiang T, Dai L, Wang X, Jia L, Wang H, An L, Liu M, Zhang R, Cheng Z. Hypoxia-induced autophagy activation through NF-κB pathway regulates cell proliferation and migration to induce pulmonary vascular remodeling. Exp Cell Res 2018; 368:174-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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47
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Cheng XW, Narisawa M, Jin X, Murohara T, Kuzuya M. Sirtuin 1 as a potential therapeutic target in pulmonary artery hypertension. J Hypertens 2018; 36:1032-1035. [PMID: 29578961 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology and Heart Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Institute of Innovation for the Future Society.,Department of Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Megumi Narisawa
- Department of Cardiology, Tajimikenlitsu General Hospital, Tajimi, Gifu Prefecture
| | - Xiongjie Jin
- Department of Cardiology and Heart Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | | | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Institute of Innovation for the Future Society.,Department of Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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