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AT1 receptor blockage impairs NF-κB activation mediated by thyroid hormone in cardiomyocytes. Pflugers Arch 2017; 470:549-558. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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叶 显, 黄 伟, 郑 彦, 梁 莺, 龚 望, 杨 翀, 刘 斌. [Irbesartan ameliorates cardiac inflammation in type 2 diabetic db/db mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2016; 37:505-511. [PMID: 28446404 PMCID: PMC6744100 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.04.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of irbesartan against cardiac inflammation associated with diabetes and obesity in the db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Twenty- four 10-week-old diabetic db/db mice were equally randomized into irbesartan treatment (50 mg/kg per day) group and model group, using 12 nondiabetic littermates (db/+) as the controls, The mice were treated with irbesartan or saline vehicle for 16 consecutive weeks, after which the heart pathology was observed and the heart weight, body weight, and serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol(TC), and triglycerides(TG) were measured. The expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65 in the myocardium was assessed with immunohistochemistry, the protein levels of P-IκBα ,IκBα and β-actin were analyzed with Western blotting, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS Compared with db/+ mice, the saline-treated db/db mice developed obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia (P<0.01). Histopathological examination of the heart tissue revealed inflammatory cell infiltration, increased myocardial interstitium and disorders of myocardial fiber arrangement. The diabetic mice showed increased P-IαBα and decreased IκBα protein levels, enhanced activity and expression of NF-κB in the hearts, and increased mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the myocardium. These abnormalities were all associated with increased inflammatory response. Treatment with irbesartan improved the heart architecture and attenuated high glucose-induced inflammation in the diabetic mice. CONCLUSION Treatment with irbesartan attenuates cardiac inflammation in type 2 diabetic db/db mice, and this effect was probably associated with the suppression of cardiac angiotensin II and NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- 显朗 叶
- 南方医科大学珠江医院急诊科,广东 广州 510280Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 伟昌 黄
- 南方医科大学珠江医院急诊科,广东 广州 510280Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 彦涛 郑
- 南方医科大学珠江医院急诊科,广东 广州 510280Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 莺 梁
- 南方医科大学珠江医院心血管内科,广东 广州 510280Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 望球 龚
- 南方医科大学珠江医院肾内科,广东 广州 510280Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 翀邈 杨
- 南方医科大学珠江医院急诊科,广东 广州 510280Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 斌 刘
- 南方医科大学珠江医院急诊科,广东 广州 510280Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
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Samanta A, Dawn B. IL-10 for cardiac autophagy modulation: New direction in the pursuit of perfection. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 91:204-6. [PMID: 26772532 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/genetics
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Autophagy/genetics
- Beclin-1
- Cardiomegaly/complications
- Cardiomegaly/genetics
- Cardiomegaly/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Humans
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Mice
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stroke Volume
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Affiliation(s)
- Anweshan Samanta
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center and Hospital, Kansas City, KS, United States; Midwest Stem Cell Therapy Center, University of Kansas Medical Center and Hospital, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center and Hospital, Kansas City, KS, United States; Midwest Stem Cell Therapy Center, University of Kansas Medical Center and Hospital, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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Jin JL, Lv RG, Guo J, Liu XH, Liang YW, Wei JR, Wang L. Improvement of Left Ventricular Remodelling by Inhibition of NF-κB in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2015; 25:1007-12. [PMID: 27118230 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of inhibition of NF-κB activation on left ventricular (LV) remodelling in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS The acute MI model was established by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) (20mg/kg, Qd) was administered intraperitoneally to inhibit NF-κB activation. Eight weeks later, the cardiac structure and LV ejection fraction were assessed with echocardiography. The rat body, heart, and LV weights were measured to calculate LV mass indices. Activation of NF-κB in non-infarcted myocardium was detected by a TransAM NF-κB p65 Transcription Factor Assay Kit. Cardiac collagen volume fraction was evaluated by Masson staining. RESULTS Eight weeks after the MI model was established, the LV posterior wall thickness in PDTC and MI group was 1.75±0.07mm and 1.85±0.07mm respectively (p<0.05). The LV mass index in the PDTC group (2.53±0.09) was lower than in the MI group (2.65±0.08, p<0.05). The LVEF in the PDTC group (63.89%±4.21%) was higher than in the MI group (42.73%±8.94%, p<0.05). The interstitial collagen deposition in the non-infarcted myocardium in the PDTC group was less than in the MI group (7.25%±1.88% vs. 10.09%±2.19%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Inhibition of activation of NF-κB may result in improvement of myocardial remodelling after myocardial infarction, which is possibly attributable to reduced collagen deposition in non-infarcted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lan Jin
- Central Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong-Gui Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi-Hong Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Wen Liang
- Central Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Rui Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lexin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
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Cau SBA, Guimaraes DA, Rizzi E, Ceron CS, Gerlach RF, Tanus-Santos JE. The Nuclear Factor kappaB Inhibitor Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate Prevents Cardiac Remodelling and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Up-Regulation in Renovascular Hypertension. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 117:234-41. [PMID: 25816715 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Imbalanced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is involved in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy. Pharmacological inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-кB) with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) can prevent MMP up-regulation. We suggested that treatment with PDTC could prevent 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) hypertension-induced left ventricular remodelling. Sham-operated controls or 2K1C rats with hypertension received either vehicle or PDTC (100 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was monitored every week. Histological assessment of left ventricles was carried out with haematoxylin/eosin sections, and fibrosis was quantified in picrosirius red-stained sections. Oxidative stress was evaluated in heart samples with the dihydroethidium probe. Cardiac MMP activity was determined by in situ zymography, and cardiac MMP-2 was assessed by immunofluorescence. 2K1C surgery significantly increased systolic blood pressure in the 2K1C vehicle. PDTC exerted antihypertensive effects after 2 weeks of treatment. Histology revealed increased left ventricular and septum wall thickness associated with augmented myocyte diameter in hypertensive rats, which were reversed by treatment with PDTC. Hypertensive rats developed pronounced cardiac fibrosis with increased interstitial collagen area, increased cardiac reactive oxygen species levels, gelatinase activity and MMP-2 expression. PDTC treatment decreased these alterations. These findings show that PDTC modulates myocardial MMP-2 expression and ameliorates cardiac remodelling in renovascular hypertension. These results suggest that interfering with MMP expression at transcriptional level may be an interesting strategy in the therapy of organ damage associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefany B A Cau
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle A Guimaraes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elen Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla S Ceron
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Gerlach
- Department of Morphology, Estomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Qiu H, Li N, Liu JY, Harris TR, Hammock BD, Chiamvimonvat N. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors and heart failure. Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 29:99-111. [PMID: 20433684 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death in the Western societies. Heart failure (HF) is due primarily to progressive myocardial dysfunction accompanied by myocardial remodeling. Once HF develops, the condition is, in most cases, irreversible and is associated with a very high mortality rate. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which are lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid through the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase pathway. EETs have been shown to have vasodilatory, antiinflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. When EETs are hydrolyzed by sEH to corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids, their cardioprotective activities become less pronounced. In line with the recent genetic study that has identified sEH as a susceptibility gene for HF, the sEH enzyme has received considerable attention as an attractive therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, sEH inhibition has been demonstrated to have antihypertensive and antiinflammatory actions, presumably due to the increased bioavailability of endogenous EETs and other epoxylipids, and several potent sEH inhibitors have been developed and tested in animal models of cardiovascular disease including hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. sEH inhibitor treatment has been shown to effectively prevent pressure overload- and angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and reverse the pre-established cardiac hypertrophy caused by chronic pressure overload. Application of sEH inhibitors in several cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury models reduced infarct size and prevented the progressive cardiac remodeling. Moreover, the use of sEH inhibitors prevented the development of electrical remodeling and ventricular arrhythmias associated with cardiac hypertrophy and ischemia/reperfusion injury. The data published to date support the notion that sEH inhibitors may represent a promising therapeutic approach for combating detrimental cardiac remodeling and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System Mather, CA, USA Department of Entomology and UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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7
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FU HUAYING, LI GUANGPING, LIU CHANGLE, LI JIAN, WANG XINGHUA, CHENG LIJUN, LIU TONG. Probucol Prevents Atrial Remodeling by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and TNF-α/NF-κB/TGF-β Signal Transduction Pathway in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rabbits. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2014; 26:211-22. [PMID: 25199622 DOI: 10.1111/jce.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- HUAYING FU
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease; Department of Cardiology; Tianjin Institute of Cardiology; Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - GUANGPING LI
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease; Department of Cardiology; Tianjin Institute of Cardiology; Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - CHANGLE LIU
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease; Department of Cardiology; Tianjin Institute of Cardiology; Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - JIAN LI
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease; Department of Cardiology; Tianjin Institute of Cardiology; Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - XINGHUA WANG
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease; Department of Cardiology; Tianjin Institute of Cardiology; Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - LIJUN CHENG
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease; Department of Cardiology; Tianjin Institute of Cardiology; Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - TONG LIU
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease; Department of Cardiology; Tianjin Institute of Cardiology; Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
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Qi GM, Jia LX, Li YL, Li HH, Du J. Adiponectin suppresses angiotensin II-induced inflammation and cardiac fibrosis through activation of macrophage autophagy. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2254-65. [PMID: 24684303 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that adiponectin (APN) protects against cardiac remodeling, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate how APN regulates inflammatory responses and cardiac fibrosis in response to angiotensin II (Ang II). Male APN knockout (APN KO) mice and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 littermates were sc infused with Ang II at 750 ng/kg per minute. Seven days after Ang II infusion, both APN KO and WT mice developed equally high blood pressure levels. However, APN KO mice developed more severe cardiac fibrosis and inflammation compared with WT mice. This finding was demonstrated by the up-regulation of collagen I, α-smooth muscle actin, IL-1β, and TNF-α and increased macrophage infiltration in APN KO mice. Moreover, there were substantially fewer microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-positive autophagosomes in macrophages in the hearts of Ang II-infused APN KO mice. Additional in vitro studies also revealed that globular APN treatment induced autophagy, inhibited Ang II-induced nuclear factor-κB activity, and enhanced the expression of antiinflammatory cytokines, including IL-10, macrophage galactose N-acetyl-galactosamine specific lectin 2, found in inflammatory zone 1, and type-1 arginase in macrophages. In contrast, APN-induced autophagy and antiinflammatory cytokine expression was diminished in Atg5-knockdown macrophages or by Compound C, an inhibitor of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Our study indicates that APN activates macrophage autophagy through the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway and suppresses Ang II-induced inflammatory responses, thereby reducing the extent of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ming Qi
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital (G.-M.Q., L.-X.J., Y.-L.L., J.D.), The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China; and Department of Pathology (H.-H.L.), Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Hypoxia-induced collagen synthesis of human lung fibroblasts by activating the angiotensin system. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:24029-45. [PMID: 24336063 PMCID: PMC3876092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141224029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact molecular mechanism that mediates hypoxia-induced pulmonary fibrosis needs to be further clarified. The aim of this study was to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of angiotensin II (Ang II) on collagen synthesis in hypoxic human lung fibroblast (HLF) cells. The HLF-1 cell line was used for in vitro studies. Angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) expression levels in human lung fibroblasts were analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after hypoxic treatment. Additionally, the collagen type I (Col-I), AT1R and nuclear factor κappaB (NF-κB) protein expression levels were detected using Western blot analysis, and NF-κB nuclear translocation was measured using immunofluorescence localization analysis. Ang II levels in HLF-1 cells were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that hypoxia increased Col-I mRNA and protein expression in HLF-1 cells, and this effect could be inhibited by an AT1R or AT2R inhibitor. The levels of NF-κB, RAS components and Ang II production in HLF-1 cells were significantly increased after the hypoxia exposure. Hypoxia or Ang II increased NF-κB-p50 protein expression in HLF-1 cells, and the special effect could be inhibited by telmisartan (TST), an AT1R inhibitor, and partially inhibited by PD123319, an AT2R inhibitor. Importantly, hypoxia-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation could be nearly completely inhibited by an AT1R or AT2R inhibitor. Furthermore pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a NF-κB blocker, abolished the expression of hypoxia-induced AT1R and Col-I in HLF-1 cells. Our results indicate that Ang II-mediated NF-κB signalling via ATR is involved in hypoxia-induced collagen synthesis in human lung fibroblasts.
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Thalji RK, McAtee JJ, Belyanskaya S, Brandt M, Brown GD, Costell MH, Ding Y, Dodson JW, Eisennagel SH, Fries RE, Gross JW, Harpel MR, Holt DA, Israel DI, Jolivette LJ, Krosky D, Li H, Lu Q, Mandichak T, Roethke T, Schnackenberg CG, Schwartz B, Shewchuk LM, Xie W, Behm DJ, Douglas SA, Shaw AL, Marino JP. Discovery of 1-(1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamides as inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3584-8. [PMID: 23664879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1-(1,3,5-Triazin-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase were identified from high through-put screening using encoded library technology. The triazine heterocycle proved to be a critical functional group, essential for high potency and P450 selectivity. Phenyl group substitution was important for reducing clearance, and establishing good oral exposure. Based on this lead optimization work, 1-[4-methyl-6-(methylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-N-{[[4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethoxy)]-phenyl]methyl}-4-piperidinecarboxamide (27) was identified as a useful tool compound for in vivo investigation. Robust effects on a serum biomarker, 9, 10-epoxyoctadec-12(Z)-enoic acid (the epoxide derived from linoleic acid) were observed, which provided evidence of robust in vivo target engagement and the suitability of 27 as a tool compound for study in various disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema K Thalji
- Department of Chemistry, Heart Failure Disease Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
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11
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Aro J, Tokola H, Ronkainen VP, Koivisto E, Tenhunen O, Ilves M, Szokodi I, Ruskoaho H, Rysä J. Regulation of cardiac melusin gene expression by hypertrophic stimuli in the rat. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013. [PMID: 23198998 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Melusin is an integrin β1-interacting protein proposed to act as a biomechanical sensor in the heart. We characterized mechanisms and signalling pathways regulating cardiac melusin expression. METHODS Infusion of arginine(8) -vasopressin (AVP) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and double transgenic rats (dTGR) harbouring both human angiotensinogen and renin genes as well as infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) in SD rats were used. The effect of direct left ventricular (LV) wall stretch was analysed by using isolated perfused rat heart preparation. For the cell culture studies, mouse atrial HL-1 cell line and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were used. RESULTS Left atrial melusin mRNA levels increased already after 30 min of AVP infusion. Ang II caused significant upregulation of left atrial melusin mRNA (2.1-fold at 6 h, P < 0.05) and protein (1.9-fold at 72 h, P < 0.05) levels. In contrast, LV melusin mRNA levels remained unchanged in response to both infusions, as well as to aortic banding-induced pressure overload. Direct LV wall stress or late-stage hypertensive heart disease did not modify LV melusin gene expression either. Interestingly, in atrial HL-1 cells, cyclic stretching increased melusin mRNA levels. Stretching and treatments with hypertrophic agonists increased melusin mRNA and protein levels in NRVMs, endothelin-1 being the most potent. PD98059, an extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 inhibitor, markedly attenuated the endothelin-1-induced upregulation of melusin gene expression in NRVMs. CONCLUSION Multiple hypertrophic stimuli regulate melusin expression predominately in the atria, which may represent a necessary initial step in early adaptive remodelling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Aro
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Institute of Biomedicine; University of Oulu; Oulu; Finland
| | - H. Tokola
- Department of Pathology; Institute of Diagnostics; University of Oulu; Oulu; Finland
| | - V-P. Ronkainen
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Biomedicine; University of Oulu; Oulu; Finland
| | - E. Koivisto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Institute of Biomedicine; University of Oulu; Oulu; Finland
| | - O. Tenhunen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Institute of Biomedicine; University of Oulu; Oulu; Finland
| | - M. Ilves
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Biomedicine; University of Oulu; Oulu; Finland
| | - I. Szokodi
- The Heart Institute; University of Pécs; Pécs; Hungary
| | - H. Ruskoaho
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Institute of Biomedicine; University of Oulu; Oulu; Finland
| | - J. Rysä
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Institute of Biomedicine; University of Oulu; Oulu; Finland
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Role of NF-κB and p38 MAPK activation in mediating angiotensin II and endothelin-1-induced stimulation in leptin production and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 366:287-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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The role of nuclear factor kappa B and nitric oxide interaction in heart remodelling. J Hypertens 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S39-44. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000388493.81578.b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Mustonen E, Säkkinen H, Tokola H, Isopoussu E, Aro J, Leskinen H, Ruskoaho H, Rysä J. Tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor Fn14 during cardiac remodelling in rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2010; 199:11-22. [PMID: 20082609 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Accumulating evidence supports the concept that proinflammatory cytokines play an essential role in the failing heart. We examined the concomitant tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/Fn14 expression in myocytes in vitro as well as in vivo in cardiac remodelling. METHODS We assessed TWEAK and its receptor Fn14 expression in response to angiotensin (Ang) II, myocardial infarction (MI) as well as to local adenovirus-mediated p38 gene transfer in vivo. The effect of various hypertrophic factors and mechanical stretch was studied in neonatal rat ventricular myocyte cell culture. RESULTS Ang II increased Fn14 levels from 6 h to 2 weeks, the greatest increase in mRNA levels being observed at 6 h (6.3-fold, P < 0.001) and protein levels at 12 h (4.9-fold, P < 0.01). TWEAK mRNA and protein levels remained almost unchanged during Ang II infusion. Likewise, a rapid and sustained elevation of Fn14 mRNA and protein levels in the left ventricle was observed after experimental MI. Moreover, local p38 gene transfer increased Fn14 mRNA and protein but not TWEAK levels. Fn14 immunoreactive cells were mainly proliferating non-myocytes in the inflammation area while TWEAK immunoreactivity localized to cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells of the coronary arteries. Hypertrophic agonists and lipopolysaccharide increased Fn14 but not TWEAK gene expression in neonatal rat myocytes, while mechanical stretch upregulated Fn14 and downregulated TWEAK gene expression. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the cardiac TWEAK/Fn14 pathway is modified in response to myocardial injury, inflammation and pressure overload. Furthermore, our findings underscore the importance of Fn14 as a mediator of TWEAK/Fn14 signalling in the heart and a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mustonen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Huang XR, Chung ACK, Yang F, Yue W, Deng C, Lau CP, Tse HF, Lan HY. Smad3 mediates cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in angiotensin II-induced hypertensive cardiac remodeling. Hypertension 2010; 55:1165-71. [PMID: 20231525 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.147611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although Smad3 is a key mediator of fibrosis, the functional role of Smad3 in hypertensive cardiovascular disease remains unclear. The present study tested the hypothesis that angiotensin II may activate the transforming growth factor-beta/Smad3 pathway to mediate hypertensive cardiac remodeling in Smad3 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice by subcutaneous angiotensin II infusion and in the primary culture of Smad3 KO cardiac fibroblasts. Fourteen days after angiotensin II infusion, both Smad3 KO and wild-type mice developed equal levels of high blood pressure. However, hypertensive cardiac fibrosis and inflammation were developed in Smad3 wild-type but not in Smad3 KO mice. This was demonstrated by the findings that mice lacking Smad3 were protected against a fall in left ventricular ejection fraction (P<0.05), an increase in left ventricular mass (P<0.05), and the development of cardiac fibrosis and inflammation, including upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta1, connective tissue growth factor, collagen I/III, alpha-smooth muscle actin, interleukin 1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and an increase in macrophage and T-cell infiltration in left ventricular tissues (all P<0.01, respectively). Additional studies in vitro also revealed that angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis and inflammation were prevented in Smad3 KO cardiac fibroblasts. Inactivation of both Smad3 and nuclear factor kappaB/p65 signaling pathways was a key mechanism by which Smad3 KO mice were protected from angiotensin II-mediated hypertensive cardiac remodeling. In conclusion, Smad3 plays an essential role in hypertensive cardiac remodeling. Results from this study suggest that targeting Smad3 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for hypertensive cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao R Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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Genetic polymorphism on type 2 receptor of angiotensin II, modifies cardiovascular risk and systemic inflammation in hypertensive males. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:237-42. [PMID: 19959996 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2009.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R), plays a crucial role in blood pressure regulation and atherogenesis. AT2R gene is located on chromosome X and the biological effect of polymorphism A1675G in this gene needs to be further specified. We examined the impact of A1675G on the risk and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), and the expression of proatherogenic inflammatory molecules in hypertensive patients. METHODS The study population consisted of 146 with CAD (102 with hypertension) and 266 age-matched individuals without CAD (114 with hypertension). The presence of A1675G polymorphism on AT2R gene was determined by PCR. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were measured in all the participants. RESULTS The G allele was associated with decreased risk of CAD among hypertensives (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI))): 0.4 (0.2-0.9), P = 0.01) and less aggressive angiographic CAD (P < 0.001). The G allele was associated with lower IL-6 (median (25-75th percentile): 1.4 (0.6-3.8)), sVCAM-1 (621 (476-799)), CRP (1.2 (0.6-1.7)), and fibrinogen (369 (320-416)) vs. A allele (IL-6: 2.4 (1.1-4.5) P < 0.01, sVCAM-1: 702 (548-925) P < 0.05, CRP: 3.5 (2.0-6.1) P < 0.001, and fibrinogen: 407 (348-514) P < 0.01). The effect of A1675G on serum IL-6, sVCAM-1, and fibrinogen was driven by its effect among hypertensives (IL-6 3.1 (2.1-5.6 in A vs. 1.2 (0.3-3.4) in G P < 0.001, sVCAM-1: 890 (560-1000) in A vs. 556 (377-788) in G P < 0.01, and fibrinogen: 408 (354-510) in A vs. 369 (324-418) in G P < 0.001) whereas it had no effect among nonhypertensives. CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphism A1675G on AT2R gene affects cardiovascular risk and the severity of atherosclerosis by modifying systemic inflammation, especially in hypertensive males.
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Breviscapine ameliorates hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes induced by high glucose in diabetic rats via the PKC signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:1081-91. [PMID: 19597526 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the influence of breviscapine on high glucose-induced hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and the relevant mechanism in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes were divided into i) control; ii) high glucose concentrations; iii) high glucose+PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8220; iv) high glucose+breviscapine; or v) high glucose+NF-kappaB inhibitor BAY11-7082. Cellular contraction frequency and volumes were measured; the expression of protein kinase C (PKC), NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and c-fos were assessed by Western blot or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Diabetic rats were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, and randomly divided into i) control rats; ii) diabetic rats; or iii) diabetic rats administered with breviscapine (10 or 25 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)). After treatment with breviscapine for six weeks, the echocardiographic parameters were measured. All rats were then sacrificed and heart tissue was obtained for microscopy. The expression patterns of PKC, NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and c-fos were measured by Western blot or RT-PCR. RESULTS Cardiomyocytes cultured in a high concentration of glucose showed an increased pulsatile frequency and cellular volume, as well as a higher expression of PKC, NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and c-fos compared with the control group. Breviscapine could partly prevent these changes. Diabetic rats showed relative cardiac hypertrophy and a higher expression of PKC, NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and c-fos; treatment with breviscapine could ameliorate these changes in diabetic cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION Breviscapine prevented cardiac hypertrophy in diabetic rats by inhibiting the expression of PKC, which may have a protective effect in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy via the PKC/NF-kappaB/c-fos signal transduction pathway.
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Min W, Bin ZW, Quan ZB, Hui ZJ, Sheng FG. The signal transduction pathway of PKC/NF-kappa B/c-fos may be involved in the influence of high glucose on the cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2009; 8:8. [PMID: 19210763 PMCID: PMC2652442 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-8-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High glucose could induce structure and function change in cardiomyocytes, PKC plays a core effect in the onset and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy, but its underlying downstream signal transduction pathway is still not completely understood. Objectives To study the influence of high glucose on the structure, function and signal transduction pathway of PKC (Protein Kinase C)/NF-κB(Nuclear factor-κB)/c-fos in cultured cardiomyocytes. Methods Using cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats as a model, groups were divided into: control group (glucose: 5 mmol/L); high glucose group (glucose: 10 mmol/L, 15 mmol/L, 20 mmol/L, 25.5 mmol/L); equimolar mannital group (5 mmol/L glucose + 20.5 mmol/L maninital); high glucose(25.5 mmol/L) add PKC inhibitor (Ro-31-8220, 50 nmol/L); high glucose (25.5 mmol/L) add NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082, 5 μmol/L). The cellular contracting frequency and volumes were measured and the expression of PKC-α, PKC-β2, p-PKC-α, p-PKC-β2, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and c-fos were measured by western blot or RT-PCR. Results Cardiomyocytes cultured in high glucose level, but not iso-osmotic mannital, showed an increased pulsatile frequency and higher cellular volumes consistent with the increased glucose levels, and also higher expression of PKC-α, PKC-β2, p-PKC-α, p-PKC-β2, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, TNF-α and c-fos. The addition of Ro-31-8220 and BAY11-7082 could partly reverse these changes induced by high glucose level. Conclusion High glucose significantly increased the pulsatile frequency and cellular volumes of cultured cardiomyocytes via PKC/NF-κB/c-fos pathway, which might lead to diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Min
- The Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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