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Benjamim CJR, da Silva LSL, Sousa YBA, Rodrigues GDS, Pontes YMDM, Rebelo MA, Gonçalves LDS, Tavares SS, Guimarães CS, da Silva Sobrinho AC, Tanus-Santos JE, Gualano B, Bueno Júnior CR. Acute and short-term beetroot juice nitrate-rich ingestion enhances cardiovascular responses following aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension: A triple-blinded randomized controlled trial. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 211:12-23. [PMID: 38092272 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in blood pressure (BP) levels in the postmenopausal period can be partly explained by the decrease in nitric oxide synthases (NOS). OBJECTIVE To investigate the acute and one-week effects of beetroot juice nitrate-rich (BRJ-NO3-rich) ingestion on cardiovascular and autonomic performance in response to submaximal aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) who are physically inactive. METHODS Fourteen postmenopausal women with SAH [mean (SD) age: 59(4) y; BMI (kg/m2): 29.2(3.1)] completed submaximal aerobic exercise bouts after an acute and a one-week intervention with BRJ in a placebo-controlled, randomized, triple-blind, crossover design. Participants ingested either BRJ (800 mg of NO3-) or placebo acutely and drank either BRJ (400 mg of NO3-) or placebo every day for the next six days. After two and ½ hours, they performed a session of aerobic submaximal aerobic exercise, and their systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), heart rate (HR) recovery, and HR variability were measured. RESULTS In the post-exercise recovery period, SBP dropped significantly in the BRJ-NO3-rich group (-9.28 mmHg [95%CI: -1.68 to -16.88] ES: -0.65, p = 0.019) compared to placebo after acute ingestion. The FMD values increased after acute BRJ-NO3-rich on post-exercise (3.18 % [0.36 to 5.99] ES: 0.87, p = 0.031). After the one-week intervention, FMD values were higher in the BRJ-NO3-rich group before (4.5 % [1.62 to 7.37] ES: 1.21, p = 0.005) and post-exercise measurements (4.2 % [1.52 to 6.87] ES: 1.22, p = 0.004) vs. placebo. HRV indices with remarkable parasympathetic modulation to heart recovered faster on the BRJ-NO3-rich group than placebo group. No between-group differences were identified in values of HR post-exercise recovery in the 30s, 60s, 120s, 180s, and 300s. CONCLUSIONS Acute and short-term BRJ-NO3-rich ingestion may enhance cardiovascular and autonomic behavior in response to aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women diagnosed with SAH. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05384340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cicero Jonas R Benjamim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Santos L da Silva
- School of Physical Education of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (EEFERP/USP) Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Yaritza B Alves Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme da Silva Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Macario Arosti Rebelo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Sakagute Tavares
- School of Physical Education of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (EEFERP/USP) Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina S Guimarães
- Ribeirao Preto Nursing School, University of São Paulo (EERP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa C da Silva Sobrinho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Medical School (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Bueno Júnior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Physical Education of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (EEFERP/USP) Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Ribeirao Preto Nursing School, University of São Paulo (EERP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Nogueira RC, Sanches-Lopes JM, Oliveira-Paula GH, Tanus-Santos JE. Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion increase oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity leading to vascular remodeling. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-023-04921-x. [PMID: 38302836 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The use of inhibitors of gastric acid secretion (IGAS), especially proton pump inhibitors (PPI), has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. While the mechanisms involved are not known, there is evidence supporting increased oxidative stress, a major activator of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), as an important player in such effect. However, there is no study showing whether other IGAS such as histamine H2-receptor blockers (H2RB) cause similar effects. This study aimed at examining whether treatment with the H2RB ranitidine promotes oxidative stress resulting in vascular MMP activation and corresponding functional and structural alterations in the vasculature, as compared with those found with the PPI omeprazole. Male Wistar rats were treated (4 weeks) with vehicle (2% tween 20), omeprazole (10 mg/Kg/day; i.p.) or ranitidine (100 mg/Kg/day; gavage). Then the aorta was collected to perform functional, biochemical, and morphometric analysis. Both ranitidine and omeprazole increased gastric pH and oxidative stress assessed in situ with the fluorescent dye dihydroethidium (DHE) and with lucigenin chemiluminescence assay. Both IGAS augmented vascular activated MMP-2. These findings were associated with aortic remodeling (increased media/lumen ratio and number of cells/μm2). Both IGAS also impaired the endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine (isolated aortic ring preparation). This study provides evidence that the H2RB ranitidine induces vascular dysfunction, redox alterations, and remodeling similar to those found with the PPI omeprazole. These findings strongly suggest that IGAS increase oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity leading to vascular remodeling, which helps to explain the increased cardiovascular risk associated with the use of those drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato C Nogueira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jéssica M Sanches-Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Moreira ALG, Silva GA, Silva PHF, Salvador SL, Vicente RM, Ferreira GC, Tanus-Santos JE, Mayer MPA, Ishikawa KH, de Souza SLS, Furlaneto FAC, Messora MR. Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis HN019 can reduce the sequelae of experimental periodontitis in rats modulating intestinal parameters, expression of lipogenic genes, and levels of hepatic steatosis. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1006-1019. [PMID: 37482954 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis HN019 (B. lactis HN019) can reduce the sequelae of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats modulating systemic parameters. BACKGROUND This study evaluated the effects of probiotic therapy (PROB) in the prevention of local and systemic damage resulting from EP. METHODS Forty-eight rats were allocated into four groups: C (control), PROB, EP, and EP-PROB. PROB (1 × 1010 CFU/mL) administration lasted 8 weeks and PE was induced on the 7th week by placing ligature on the animals' lower first molars. All animals were euthanized in the 9th week of the experiment. Biomolecular analyses, RT-PCR, and histomorphometric analyses were performed. The data obtained were analyzed statistically (ANOVA, Tukey, p < .05). RESULTS The EP group had higher dyslipidemia when compared to the C group, as well as higher levels of insulin resistance, proteinuria levels, percentages of systolic blood pressure, percentage of fatty hepatocytes in the liver, and expression of adipokines was up-regulated (LEPR, NAMPT, and FABP4). All these parameters (except insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure, LEPR and FABP4 gene expression) were reduced in the EP-PROB group when compared to the EP group. The EP group had lower villus height and crypt depth, as well as a greater reduction in Bacteroidetes and a greater increase in Firmicutes when compared to the EP-PROB group. Greater alveolar bone loss was observed in the EP group when compared to the EP-PROB group. CONCLUSION Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 can reduce the sequelae of EP in rats modulating intestinal parameters, attenuating expression of lipogenic genes and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L G Moreira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle A Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro H F Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Salvador
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael M Vicente
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziele C Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin H Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luís Scombatti de Souza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia A C Furlaneto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel R Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Oliveira-Paula GH, I M Batista R, Stransky S, Tella SC, Ferreira GC, Portella RL, Pinheiro LC, Damacena-Angelis C, Riascos-Bernal DF, Sidoli S, Sibinga N, Tanus-Santos JE. Orally administered sodium nitrite prevents the increased α-1 adrenergic vasoconstriction induced by hypertension and promotes the S-nitrosylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115571. [PMID: 37127250 PMCID: PMC10198929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The unsatisfactory rates of adequate blood pressure control among patients receiving antihypertensive treatment calls for new therapeutic strategies to treat hypertension. Several studies have shown that oral sodium nitrite exerts significant antihypertensive effects, but the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. While these mechanisms may involve nitrite-derived S-nitrosothiols, their implication in important alterations associated with hypertension, such as aberrant α1-adrenergic vasoconstriction, has not yet been investigated. Here, we examined the effects of oral nitrite treatment on vascular responses to the α1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine in two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats and investigated the potential underlying mechanisms. Our results show that treatment with oral sodium nitrite decreases blood pressure and prevents the increased α1-adrenergic vasoconstriction in 2K1C hypertensive rats. Interestingly, we found that these effects require vascular protein S-nitrosylation, and to investigate the specific S-nitrosylated proteins we performed an unbiased nitrosoproteomic analysis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with the nitrosylating compound S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). This analysis revealed that GSNO markedly increases the nitrosylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II γ (CaMKIIγ), a multifunctional protein that mediates the α1-adrenergic receptor signaling. This result was associated with reduced α1-adrenergic receptor-mediated CaMKIIγ activity in VSMCs. We further tested the relevance of these findings in vivo and found that treatment with oral nitrite increases CaMKIIγ S-nitrosylation and blunts the increased CaMKIIγ activity induced by phenylephrine in rat aortas. Collectively, these results are consistent with the idea that oral sodium nitrite treatment increases vascular protein S-nitrosylation, including CaMKIIγ as a target, which may ultimately prevent the increased α1-adrenergic vasoconstriction induced by hypertension. These mechanisms may help to explain the antihypertensive effects of oral nitrite and hold potential implications in the therapy of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases associated with abnormal α1-adrenergic vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rose I M Batista
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Stransky
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra C Tella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Graziele C Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Portella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Celio Damacena-Angelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dario F Riascos-Bernal
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Sibinga
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Benjamim CJR, Sousa YBA, Porto AA, de Moraes Pontes YM, Tavares SS, da Silva Rodrigues G, da Silva LSL, da Silva Goncalves L, Guimaraes CS, Rebelo MA, da Silva Sobrinho AC, Tanus-Santos JE, Valenti VE, Gualano B, Bueno Júnior CR. Nitrate-rich beet juice intake on cardiovascular performance in response to exercise in postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:94. [PMID: 36750904 PMCID: PMC9903428 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no evidence of the use of beetroot juice with a previously recommended dose of nitrate (NO3) (> 300 mg) on the cardiovascular performance during and recovery following exercise in postmenopausal women with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH). METHODS We will investigate the effects of beetroot juice rich in NO3 acutely (800 mg) and during a week with daily doses (400 mg) on blood pressure, heart rate (HR), cardiac autonomic control, endothelial function, inflammatory, hormonal, and stress biomarkers oxidative stress and enzymes involved in nitric oxide synthesis and mitochondrial regulation, under resting conditions, as well as mediated by submaximal aerobic exercise sessions. Through a randomized, crossover, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 25 physically inactive women with SAH will undergo an acute and 1-week trial, each with two intervention protocols: (1) placebo and (2) beetroot, in which will ingest beet juice with or without NO3 in its composition with a 7-day washout interval. On collection days, exercise will be performed on a treadmill for 40 min at a speed corresponding to 65-70% of VO2peak. The collection of variables (cardiovascular, autonomic, and blood samples for molecular analyses) of the study will take place at rest (135 min after ingestion of the intervention), during exercise (40 min), and in the effort recovery stage (during 60 min) based on previously validated protocols. The collections were arranged so that the measurement of one variable does not interfere with the other and that they have adequate intervals between them. DISCUSSION The results of this research may help in the real understanding of the nutritional compounds capable of generating safety to the cardiovascular system during physical exercise, especially for women who are aging and who have cardiovascular limitations (e.g., arterial hypertension) to perform physical exercise. Therefore, our results will be able to help specific nutritional recommendations to optimize cardiovascular health. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05384340. Registered on May 20, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cicero Jonas R. Benjamim
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Yaritza Brito Alves Sousa
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Ribeirao Preto Nursing School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Andrey Alves Porto
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XMovement Sciences, Autonomic Nervous System Center (CESNA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP Brazil
| | - Yasmim Mota de Moraes Pontes
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Ribeirao Preto School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Simone Sakagute Tavares
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Ribeirao Preto School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Guilherme da Silva Rodrigues
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Leonardo Santos Lopes da Silva
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Ribeirao Preto School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Leonardo da Silva Goncalves
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Ribeirao Preto School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Carolina Scoqui Guimaraes
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Ribeirao Preto Nursing School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Macário Arosti Rebelo
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Andressa Crystine da Silva Sobrinho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Jose E. Tanus-Santos
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Vitor Engracia Valenti
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XAutonomic Nervous System Center (CESNA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Marília, SP Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Medical School (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Bueno Júnior
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Ribeirao Preto School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
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de Melo IB, Oliveira-Paula GH, Ferezin LP, Ferreira GC, Pinheiro LC, Tanus-Santos JE, Garcia LV, Lacchini R, Paula-Garcia WN. TRPA1 Polymorphisms Modify the Hypotensive Responses to Propofol with No Change in Nitrite or Nitrate Levels. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6333-6345. [PMID: 36547093 PMCID: PMC9777046 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia with propofol is frequently associated with hypotension. The TRPA1 gene contributes to the vasodilator effect of propofol. Hypotension is crucial for anesthesiologists because it is deleterious in the perioperative period. We tested whether the TRPA1 gene polymorphisms or haplotypes interfere with the hypotensive responses to propofol. PCR-determined genotypes and haplotype frequencies were estimated. Nitrite, nitrates, and NOx levels were measured. Propofol induced a more expressive lowering of the blood pressure (BP) without changing nitrite or nitrate levels in patients carrying CG+GG genotypes for the rs16937976 TRPA1 polymorphism and AG+AA genotypes for the rs13218757 TRPA1 polymorphism. The CGA haplotype presented the most remarkable drop in BP. Heart rate values were not impacted. The present exploratory analysis suggests that TRPA1 genotypes and haplotypes influence the hypotensive responses to propofol. The mechanisms involved are probably other than those related to NO bioavailability. With better genetic knowledge, planning anesthesia with fewer side effects may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Borges de Melo
- Department of Orthopedics and Anesthesiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14048900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H. Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14048900, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Perticarrara Ferezin
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14048900, SP, Brazil
| | - Graziele C. Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14048900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas C. Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14048900, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E. Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14048900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis V. Garcia
- Department of Orthopedics and Anesthesiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14048900, SP, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14048900, SP, Brazil
| | - Waynice N. Paula-Garcia
- Department of Orthopedics and Anesthesiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14048900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3602-2814
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Pereira DA, Pinheiro LC, Ferreira GC, Paula-Garcia WN, Garcia LV, Lacchini R, Luizon MR, Tanus-Santos JE. Gene-gene interactions in the protein kinase C/endothelial nitric oxide synthase axis impact the hypotensive effects of propofol. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 130:277-287. [PMID: 34825477 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anaesthesia with propofol is frequently associated with hypotension, which is at least partially attributable to increased nitric oxide (NO) formation derived from the activation of protein kinase C (PKC)/endothelial NO synthase (NOS3) axis. In this cross-sectional study, we tested whether PRKCA (which encodes PKCα) polymorphisms, or haplotypes, and interactions among PRKCA and NOS3 polymorphisms affect the hypotensive responses to propofol. We collected venous blood samples from 164 patients before and 10 min after propofol administration. Genotypes were determined by PCR and haplotype frequencies were estimated. Nitrite and NOx (nitrites+nitrates) levels were measured by using an ozone-based chemiluminescence assay and the Griess reaction, respectively. We used multifactor dimensionality reduction to test interactions among PRKCA and NOS3 polymorphisms. Propofol promoted enhanced blood pressure-lowering effects and increased nitrite levels in subjects carrying GA + AA genotypes for the rs16960228 and TC + CC genotypes for the rs1010544 PRKCA polymorphisms, and the CCG haplotype. Moreover, genotypes for the rs1010544 PRKCA polymorphism were associated with higher or lower blood pressure decreases in response to propofol depending on the genotypes for the rs2070744 NOS3 polymorphism. Our findings suggest that PRKCA genotypes and haplotypes impact the hypotensive responses to propofol, possibly by modifying NO bioavailability, and that PRKCA-NOS3 interactions modify the blood pressure-lowering effects of propofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniela A Pereira
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Graziele C Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Waynice N Paula-Garcia
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Luis V Garcia
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Luizon
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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8
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Pereira DA, Sandrim VC, Palei AC, Amaral LM, Belo VA, Lacchini R, Cavalli RC, Tanus-Santos JE, Luizon MR. NAMPT single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1319501 and visfatin/NAMPT affect nitric oxide formation, sFlt-1 and antihypertensive therapy response in preeclampsia. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:451-464. [PMID: 33944612 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We examined the relationships between visfatin/NAMPT and nitrite concentrations (a marker of nitric oxide [NO] formation) or sFlt-1 levels in 205 patients with preeclampsia (PE) responsive or nonresponsive to antihypertensive therapy, and whether NAMPT SNPs rs1319501 and rs3801266 affect nitrite concentrations in PE and 206 healthy pregnant women. Patients & methods: Circulating visfatin/NAMPT and sFlt-1 levels were measured by ELISA, and nitrite concentrations by using an ozone-based chemiluminescence assay. Results: In nonresponsive PE patients, visfatin/NAMPT levels were inversely related to nitrite concentrations and positively related to sFlt-1 levels. NAMPT SNP rs1319501 affected nitrite concentrations in nonresponsive PE patients and was tightly linked with NAMPT functional SNPs in Europeans. Conclusion: NAMPT SNP rs1319501 and visfatin/NAMPT affect NO formation, sFlt-1 levels and antihypertensive therapy response in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Pereira
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valeria C Sandrim
- Department of Biophysics & Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Palei
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 392164, USA
| | - Lorena M Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 392164, USA
| | - Vanessa A Belo
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing & Human Sciences, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C Cavalli
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Luizon
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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9
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Prado AF, Batista RIM, Tanus-Santos JE, Gerlach RF. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Arterial Hypertension: Role of Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide in Vascular Functional and Structural Alterations. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040585. [PMID: 33923477 PMCID: PMC8074048 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pathophysiological mechanisms have been implicated in hypertension, but those resulting in vascular dysfunction and remodeling are critical and may help to identify critical pharmacological targets. This mini-review article focuses on central mechanisms contributing to the vascular dysfunction and remodeling of hypertension, increased oxidative stress and impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, which enhance vascular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. The relationship between NO, MMP and oxidative stress culminating in the vascular alterations of hypertension is examined. While the alterations of hypertension are not fully attributable to these pathophysiological mechanisms, there is strong evidence that such mechanisms play critical roles in increasing vascular MMP expression and activity, thus resulting in abnormal degradation of extracellular matrix components, receptors, peptides, and intracellular proteins involved in the regulation of vascular function and structure. Imbalanced vascular MMP activity promotes vasoconstriction and impairs vasodilation, stimulating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to switch from contractile to synthetic phenotypes, thus facilitating cell growth or migration, which is associated with the deposition of extracellular matrix components. Finally, the protective effects of MMP inhibitors, antioxidants and drugs that enhance vascular NO activity are briefly discussed. Newly emerging therapies that address these essential mechanisms may offer significant advantages to prevent vascular remodeling in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F. Prado
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Rose I. M. Batista
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil; (R.I.M.B.); (J.E.T.-S.)
| | - Jose E. Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil; (R.I.M.B.); (J.E.T.-S.)
| | - Raquel F. Gerlach
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-33154065
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10
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Amaral LM, Sandrim VC, Kutcher ME, Spradley FT, Cavalli RC, Tanus-Santos JE, Palei AC. Circulating Total Cell-Free DNA Levels Are Increased in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Associated with Prohypertensive Factors and Adverse Clinical Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E564. [PMID: 33429954 PMCID: PMC7826953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have described increased circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Here, we aimed first to confirm this information using a simple, but sensible fluorescent assay, and second to investigate whether total cfDNA is associated with circulating factors known to be linked to the pathophysiology of HDP as well as with poor maternal-fetal outcomes. We studied 98 women with healthy pregnancies (HP), 88 with gestational hypertension (GH), and 91 with preeclampsia (PE). Total DNA was extracted from plasma using the QIAamp DNA blood mini kit and quantified using Quant-iT™ PicoGreen® dsDNA fluorescent detection kit. We found higher total cfDNA levels in GH and PE (197.0 and 174.2 ng/mL, respectively) than in HP (140.5 ng/mL; both p < 0.0001). Interestingly, total cfDNA levels were elevated in both male and female-bearing pregnancies diagnosed with either HDP, and in more severe versus less severe HDP cases, as classified according to responsiveness to antihypertensive therapy. In addition, total cfDNA was independently associated with HDP, and a cutoff concentration of 160 ng/mL provided appropriate sensitivity and specificity values for diagnosing GH and PE compared to HP (70-85%, both p < 0.0001). Moreover, high total cfDNA was associated with adverse clinical outcomes (high blood pressure, low platelet count, preterm delivery, fetal growth restriction) and high prohypertensive factors (sFLT-1, sEndoglin, MMP-2). These findings represent a step towards to the establishment of cfDNA as a diagnostic tool and the need to understand its role in HDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena M. Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4500, USA;
| | - Valeria C. Sandrim
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-689, Brazil;
| | - Matthew E. Kutcher
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4500, USA; (M.E.K.); (F.T.S.)
| | - Frank T. Spradley
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4500, USA; (M.E.K.); (F.T.S.)
| | - Ricardo C. Cavalli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil;
| | - Jose E. Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil;
| | - Ana C. Palei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4500, USA; (M.E.K.); (F.T.S.)
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11
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Fernandes JO, Tella SOC, Ferraz IS, Ciampo LAD, Tanus-Santos JE. Assessment of nitric oxide metabolites concentrations in plasma, saliva, and breast milk and their relationship in lactating women. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:1293-1302. [PMID: 33237454 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in many biological mechanisms. The amounts of physiologically produced NO are associated with the concentrations of its metabolites nitrate and nitrite. This study investigated whether there is any association between the concentrations of NO metabolites nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosylated species (RXNO) in mature breast milk, saliva, and plasma in healthy lactating women (N = 30). We hypothesized that the NO metabolites concentrations in plasma are associated with those found in saliva and in breast milk. NO metabolites concentrations were measured using chemiluminensce-based assays. Nitrate concentrations in breast milk are twice as much as plasma concentrations, whereas nitrate concentrations in saliva are about eightfold higher (both P < 0.001). Similar differences were found when nitrite concentrations were taken into consideration. RXNO concentrations in breast milk were negligible, and RXNO concentrations in saliva were approximately sixfold higher than those found in plasma samples (P < 0.0001). Nitrate concentrations in plasma are associated with nitrate concentrations in saliva (rs = 0.474, P = 0.004). However, no significant association was found between nitrate concentrations in breast milk and in plasma (P > 0.05). Our results show a significant association between nitrate concentrations in plasma with those found in saliva, whereas all other relationships were not significant. In conclusion, this report shows for the first time that the physiological concentrations of NO metabolites in human breast milk are probably independent of circulating NO metabolites concentrations and may depend mostly on endogenous NO synthesis in the breast. These findings may have clinical implications for newborns and lactating women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana O Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra O C Tella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan S Ferraz
- Department of Puericulture and Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz A D Ciampo
- Department of Puericulture and Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Guimaraes DA, Batista RIM, Tanus-Santos JE. Nitrate and nitrite-based therapy to attenuate cardiovascular remodelling in arterial hypertension. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 128:9-17. [PMID: 32772466 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a highly prevalent disease marked by vascular and cardiac maladaptive remodelling induced mainly by renin-angiotensin system activation followed by oxidative stress. Here, we briefly describe these damages and review the current evidence supporting a potential role for nitrate and nitrite as antihypertensive molecules that act via nitric oxide (NO) formation-dependent and NO formation-independent mechanisms and how nitrate/nitrite inhibits cardiovascular remodelling in hypertension. The renin-angiotensin system activation and oxidative stress converge to activate proteases involved in cardiovascular remodelling in hypertension. Besides these proteases, several investigations have demonstrated that reduced endogenous NO bioavailability is a central pathological event in hypertension. In this regard, nitrate/nitrite, long considered inert products of NO, is now known as physiological molecules able to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients and in different experimental models of hypertension. These effects are associated with the formation of NO and other NO-related molecules, which could induce S-nitrosylation of target proteins. However, it remains unclear whether S-nitrosylation is an essential mechanism for the anti-remodelling effects of nitrate/nitrite in hypertension. Moreover, nitrate/nitrite produces antioxidant effects associated with the inhibition of signalling pathways involved in cardiovascular remodelling. Together, these findings may help to establish nitrate and nitrite as effective therapies in hypertension-induced cardiovascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Guimaraes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rose I M Batista
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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13
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Sanches-Lopes JM, Ferreira GC, Pinheiro LC, Kemp R, Tanus-Santos JE. Consistent gastric pH-dependent effects of suppressors of gastric acid secretion on the antihypertensive responses to oral nitrite. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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Pinheiro LC, Ferreira GC, Damacena de Angelis C, Toledo JC, Tanus-Santos JE. A comprehensive time course study of tissue nitric oxide metabolites concentrations after oral nitrite administration. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:43-51. [PMID: 32151744 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite and nitrate are considered nitric oxide (NO) storage pools. The assessment of their tissue concentrations may improve our understanding of how they attenuate pathophysiological mechanisms promoting disease. We hypothesized that significant differences exist when the tissue concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, and nitrosylated species (RXNO) are compared among different tissues, particularly when nitrite is administered orally because nitrite generates various NO-related species in the stomach. We studied the different time-dependent changes in plasma and tissue concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, and RXNO after oral nitrite 15 mg/kg was administered rats, which were euthanized 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480 or 1440 min after nitrite administration. A control group received water. Arterial blood samples were collected and the rats were perfused with a PBS solution containing NEM/DTPA to prevent the destruction of RXNO. After perfusion, heart, aorta, mesenteric artery, brain, stomach, liver and femoral muscle were harvested and immediately stored at -70°C until analyzed for their nitrite, nitrate and RXNO contents using an ozone-based reductive chemiluminescence assay. While nitrite administration did not increase aortic nitrite or nitrate concentrations for at least 60 min, both aorta and mesenteric vessels stored nitrite from 8 to 24 h after its administration and their tissue concentrations increased from 10 to 40-fold those found in plasma. In contrast, the other studied tissues showed only transient increases in the concentrations of these NO metabolites, including RXNO. The differences among tissues may reflect differences in mechanisms regulating cellular influx of nitrite. These findings have important pharmacological and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Graziele C Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Célio Damacena de Angelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 13083-887, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Carlos Toledo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Mendes AS, Blascke de Mello MM, Parente JM, Omoto ACM, Neto-Neves EM, Fazan R, Tanus-Santos JE, Castro MM. Verapamil decreases calpain-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activities and improves hypertension-induced hypertrophic cardiac remodeling in rats. Life Sci 2020; 244:117153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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do Vale GT, Sousa AH, Gonzaga NA, de Oliveira MG, Justo AF, Alexandre EC, Tanus-Santos JE, Antunes E, Tirapelli CR. Chronic ethanol consumption induces micturition dysfunction and alters the oxidative state of the urinary bladder. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:1103-1114. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is pointed out as a major mechanism by which ethanol induces functional and structural changes in distinctive tissues. We evaluated whether ethanol consumption would increase oxidative stress and cause micturition dysfunction. Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with 20% ethanol (v/v) for 10 weeks. Our findings showed that chronic ethanol consumption reduced micturition spots and urinary volume in conscious mice, whereas in anaesthetized animals cystometric analysis revealed reduced basal pressure and increased capacity, threshold pressure, and maximum voiding. Treatment with ethanol reduced the contraction induced by carbachol in isolated bladders. Chronic ethanol consumption increased the levels of oxidant molecules and thiobarbituric acid reactive species in the mouse bladder. Upregulation of Nox2 was detected in the bladder of ethanol-treated mice. Increased activity of both superoxide dismutase and catalase were detected in the mouse bladder after treatment with ethanol. Conversely, decreased levels of reduced glutathione were detected in the bladder of ethanol-treated mice. The present study first demonstrated that chronic ethanol consumption induced micturition dysfunction and that this response was accompanied by increased levels of oxidant molecules in the mousebladder. These findings suggest that ethanol consumption is a risk factor for vesical dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel T. do Vale
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur H. Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália A. Gonzaga
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana G. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto F.O. Justo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C. Alexandre
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E. Tanus-Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Tirapelli
- Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto - DEPCH / Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - DFQ, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Pereira SC, Tanus-Santos JE, Lacchini R. Pharmacogenomics And Hypertension: Current Insights. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2019; 12:341-359. [PMID: 31819590 PMCID: PMC6878918 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s230201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a multifactorial disease that affects approximately one billion subjects worldwide and is a major risk factor associated with cardiovascular events, including coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular accidents. Therefore, adequate blood pressure control is important to prevent these events, reducing premature mortality and disability. However, only one third of patients have the effective control of blood pressure, despite several classes of antihypertensive drugs available. These disappointing outcomes may be at least in part explained by interpatient variability in drug response due to genetic polymorphisms. To address the effects of genetic polymorphisms on blood pressure responses to the antihypertensive drug classes, studies have applied candidate genes and genome wide approaches. More recently, a third approach that considers gene-gene interactions has also been applied in hypertension pharmacogenomics. In this article, we carried out a comprehensive review of recent findings on the pharmacogenomics of antihypertensive drugs, including diuretics, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers. We also discuss the limitations and inconsistences that have been found in hypertension pharmacogenomics and the challenges to implement this valuable approach in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sherliane C Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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18
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Neto-Neves EM, Pinheiro LC, Nogueira RC, Portella RL, Batista RI, Tanus-Santos JE. Sodium nitrite improves hypertension-induced myocardial dysfunction by mechanisms involving cardiac S-nitrosylation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 134:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Nakashima MA, Silva CB, Gonzaga NA, Simplicio JA, Omoto AC, Tirapelli LF, Tanus-Santos JE, Tirapelli CR. Chronic ethanol consumption increases reactive oxygen species generation and the synthesis of pro-inflammatory proteins in the heart through TNFR1-dependent mechanisms. Cytokine 2019; 121:154734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Rizzi Sanchez E, Bonacio G, Batista RIM, Garcia VT, Gonçalves BR, Victorino TR, Dellalibera-Jovilliano R, Franca SC, Tanus-Santos JE. Abstract P3022: Pentoxifylline Exerts Antiinflammatory And Antioxidant Effects, Inhibits MMP-2 Activity And Attenuates Renovascular Hypertension-Induced Vascular Alterations. Hypertension 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.74.suppl_1.p3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Angiotensin II promotes inflammation, oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) activation leading to vascular remodeling in hypertension. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases that has also shown antiinflamatory and antioxidant effects. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether PTX treatment decreases morphological and functional vascular alterations in 2-kidney and 1-Clip (2K1C) rats through reduction of cytokines, oxidative stress and MMP-2 activity.
Methods:
Male 2K1C and Sham rats were treated with Vehicle or PTX. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly. Aortic rings were isolated to assess endothelium-dependent relaxations. The vascular hypertrohy were examined in the aorta sections stained with hematoxylin/eosin. Aortic MMP-2 levels and gelatinolytic activity were determined using gelatin and
in situ
zymography assays, respectively. Vascular oxidative stress was evaluated using dihydroethidium (DHE). Cytokines levels were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results:
2K1C rats exhibited high SBP (195±4 mmHg vs Sham 123±2 mmHg ) and significant vascular hypertrophy when compared to Sham group (0.7±0.03 mm
2
vs
0.5±0.02 mm
2
; p<0.05), which were attenuated with PTX treatment (174±4 mmHg and 0.6±0.02 mm
2
;p<0.05). PTX treatment also ameliorated the endothelial dysfunction in aortas from 2K1C rats (from 78±5% to 98±6%; p<0.05). MMP-2 levels and activity were augmented in 2K1C rats when compared to sham group (p<0.05). The treatment with PTX reduced MMP-2 upregulation in 2K1C rats (p<0.05). Overproduction of ROS in aortas from 2K1C rats (136±1.8%) was reduced with PTX treatment (21±8%; p<0.05). Elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta levels in 2K1C rats was diminished with PTX treatment (p<0.05).
Conclusion:
PTX ameliorates 2K1C-induced hypertension, vascular morphometric and functional alterations, oxidative stress, elevated MMP-2 activity and cytokines levels. PTX exerted antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, and decreased renovascular hypertension-induced MMP-2 up-regulation, leading to improvement of vascular dysfunction and remodelling typically found in 2K1C hypertension.
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Amaral JH, Rizzi ES, Alves-Lopes R, Pinheiro LC, Tostes RC, Tanus-Santos JE. Antioxidant and antihypertensive responses to oral nitrite involves activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:261-268. [PMID: 31251976 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Impaired redox balance contributes to the cardiovascular alterations of hypertension and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway may counteract these alterations. While nitrite recycles back to NO and exerts antioxidant and antihypertensive effects, the mechanisms involved in these responses are not fully understood. We hypothesized that nitrite treatment of two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats activates the Nrf2 pathway, promotes the transcription of antioxidant genes, and improves the vascular redox imbalance and dysfunction in this model. Two doses of oral nitrite were studied: 15 mg/kg and the sub-antihypertensive dose of 1 mg/kg. Nitrite 15 mg/kg (but not 1 mg/kg) decreased blood pressure and increased circulating plasma nitrite and nitrate. Both doses blunted hypertension-induced increases in mesenteric artery reactive oxygen species concentrations assessed by DHE technique and restored the impaired mesenteric artery responses to acetylcholine. While 2K1C hypertension decreased nuclear Nrf2 accumulation, both doses of nitrite increased nuclear Nrf2 accumulation and mRNA expression of Nrf2-regulated genes including superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), thioredoxin-1(TRDX-1) and -2 (TRDX-2). To further confirm nitrite-mediated antioxidant effects, we measured vascular SOD and GPX activity and we found that nitrite at 1 or 15 mg/kg increased the activity of both enzymes (P < 0.05). These results suggest that activation of the Nrf2 pathway promotes antioxidant effects of nitrite, which may improve the vascular dysfunction in hypertension, even when nitrite is given at a sub-antihypertensive dose. These findings may have many clinical implications, particularly in the therapy of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson H Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elen S Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Tanus-Santos JE, Pinheiro LC. Proton pump inhibitors: New mechanisms of action. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125:87-88. [PMID: 30980783 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Sertorio JT, Tanus-Santos JE. Increased Proton Pump Inhibitors−Induced Mortality Risk in Hemodialysis Patients. Kidney Int Rep 2019; 4:505. [PMID: 30899880 PMCID: PMC6409394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Gonzaga NA, Awata WM, Tanus-Santos JE, Padovan JC, Tirapelli CR. Mechanisms underlying vascular hypocontractility induced by ethanol withdrawal: Role of cyclooxygenase 2-derived prostacyclin. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 847:103-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Pinheiro LC, Tanus-Santos JE. Mechanisms impairing blood pressure responses to nitrite and nitrate. Nitric Oxide 2019; 85:35-43. [PMID: 30716418 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a multifactorial disease associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO) production and bioavailability. In this respect, restoring NO activity by using nitrite and nitrate has been considered a potential therapeutic strategy to treat hypertension. This possibility is justified by the understanding that both nitrite and nitrate may be recycled back to NO and also promote the generation of other bioactive species. This process involves a complex biological circuit known as the enterosalivary cycle of nitrate, where this anion is actively taken up by the salivary glands and converted to nitrite by nitrate-reducing bacteria in the oral cavity. Nitrite is then ingested and reduced to NO and other nitroso species under the acid conditions of the stomach, whereas reminiscent nitrite that escapes gastric reduction is absorbed systemically and can be converted into NO by nitrite-reductases in tissues. While there is no doubt that nitrite and nitrate exert antihypertensive effects, several agents can impair the blood pressure responses to these anions by disrupting the enterosalivary cycle of nitrate. These agents include dietary and smoking-derived thiocyanate, antiseptic mouthwash, proton pump inhibitors, ascorbate at high concentrations, and xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors. In this article, we provide an overview of the physiological aspects of nitrite and nitrate bioactivation and the therapeutic potential of these anions in hypertension. We also discuss mechanisms by which agents counteracting the antihypertensive responses to nitrite and nitrate mediate their effects. These critical aspects should be taken into consideration when suggesting nitrate or nitrite-based therapies to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Tanus-Santos JE. Nitrite-stimulated Gastric Formation of S-nitrosothiols As An Antihypertensive Therapeutic Strategy. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:431-443. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180816120816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is usually associated with deficient nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and therefore stimulating NO activity is an important antihypertensive strategy. Recently, many studies have shown that both nitrite and nitrate anions are not simple products of NO metabolism and indeed may be reduced back to NO. While enzymes with nitrite-reductase activity capable of generating NO from nitrite may contribute to antihypertensive effects of nitrite, another mechanism involving the generation of NO-related species in the stomach from nitrite has been validated. Under the acidic conditions of the stomach, nitrite generates NO-related species that form S-nitrosothiols. Conversely, drugs that increase gastric pH may impair the gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols, which may mediate antihypertensive effects of oral nitrite or nitrate. Therefore, it is now becoming clear that promoting gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols may result in effective antihypertensive responses, and this mechanism opens a window of opportunity in the therapy of hypertension. In this review, we discuss the recent studies supporting the gastric generation of S-nitrosothiols as a potential antihypertensive mechanism of oral nitrite. We also highlight some drugs that increase S-nitrosothiols bioavailability, which may also improve the responses to nitrite/nitrate therapy. This new approach may result in increased nitrosation of critical pharmacological receptors and enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, which tend to respond less to their activators resulting in lower blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H. Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E. Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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27
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Rizzi E, Amaral JH, Guimarães DA, Conde-Tella SO, Pinheiro LC, Gerlach RF, Castro MM, Tanus-Santos JE. Nitrite treatment downregulates vascular MMP-2 activity and inhibits vascular remodeling in hypertension independently of its antihypertensive effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:234-243. [PMID: 30399409 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with cardiovascular remodeling. Given that impaired redox state activates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)- 2 and promotes vascular remodeling, we hypothesized that nitrite treatment at a non-antihypertensive dose exerts antioxidant effects and attenuates both MMP-2 activation and vascular remodeling of hypertension. We examined the effects of oral sodium nitrite at antihypertensive (15 mg/kg) or non-antihypertensive (1 mg/kg) daily dose in hypertensive rats (two kidney, one clip; 2K1C model). Sham-operated and 2K1C hypertensive rats received vehicle or nitrite by gavage for four weeks. Systolic blood pressure decreased only in hypertensive rats treated with nitrite 15 mg/Kg/day. Both low and high nitrite doses decreased 2K1C-induced vascular remodeling assessed by measuring aortic cross-sectional area, media/lumen ratio, and number of vascular smooth muscle cells/aortic length. Both low and high nitrite doses decreased 2K1C-induced vascular oxidative stress assessed in situ with the fluorescent dye DHE and with the lucigenin chemiluminescence assay. Vascular MMP-2 expression and activity were assessed by gel zymography, Western blot, and in situ zymography increased with hypertension. While MMP-2 levels did not change in response to both doses of nitrite, both doses completely prevented hypertension-induced increases in vascular MMP activity. Moreover, incubation of aortas from hypertensive rats with nitrite at 1-20 μmol/L reduced gelatinolytic activity by 20-30%. This effect was fully inhibited by the xanthine oxidase (XOR) inhibitor febuxostat, suggesting XOR-mediated generation of nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite as a mechanism explaining the responses to nitrite. In vitro incubation of aortic extracts with nitrite 20 μmol/L did not affect MMP-2 activity. These results show that nitrite reverses the vascular structural alterations of hypertension, independently of anti-hypertensive effects. This response is mediated, at least in part, by XOR and is attributable to antioxidant effects of nitrite blunting vascular MMP-2 activation. Our findings suggest nitrite therapy to reverse structural alterations of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elen Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil; Biotechnology Unit, Ribeirao Preto University, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jefferson H Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Danielle A Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Sandra O Conde-Tella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Gerlach
- Department of Morphology, Estomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Michele M Castro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
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Sertorio JT, Tanus-Santos JE. Mechanisms involved in proton pump inhibitors-induced increases in ischemic events. Atherosclerosis 2019; 280:197-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Luizon MR, Pereira DA, Tanus-Santos JE. Pharmacogenetic relevance of endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms and gene interactions. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:1423-1435. [PMID: 30398085 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) is a key enzyme responsible for nitric oxide (NO) generation in the vascular endothelium. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by reduced NO production, and is a hallmark of cardiovascular diseases. Drugs with cardiovascular action may activate NOS3 and result in NO release and vasodilation. Moreover, genetic variations affect NOS3 expression and activity, and may partially explain the variability in the responses to cardiovascular drugs. We reviewed NO signaling and genetic effects on NO formation, and the effects of NOS3 polymorphisms, haplotypes and gene-gene interactions within NO signaling pathways on the responses to cardiovascular drugs. We discuss the role of rare NOS3 variants and further gene-gene interactions analysis for the development of novel therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo R Luizon
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.,UFMG Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Daniela A Pereira
- UFMG Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
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Gonzaga NA, Awata WMC, do Vale GT, Marchi KC, Muniz JJ, Tanus-Santos JE, Tirapelli CR. Perivascular adipose tissue protects against the vascular dysfunction induced by acute ethanol intake: Role of hydrogen peroxide. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 111:44-53. [PMID: 30157459 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM We investigated the consequences of acute ethanol intake on the anti-contractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). METHODS The effects of a single dose of ethanol (1 g/kg; p.o. gavage) on the vascular function were assessed within 30 min in male Wistar rats. RESULTS Ethanol decreased the relaxation induced by acetylcholine and increased the contraction induced by phenylephrine in endothelium-intact, but not in endothelium-denuded aortas without PVAT. The vascular dysfunction induced by ethanol was not observed in aortic rings with PVAT. Nω-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), NG-nitro-l-arginine (L-NNA) and 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), but not tiron or tempol, increased the contraction induced by phenylephrine in endothelium-intact aortas with PVAT from control and ethanol-treated rats. Catalase increased phenylephrine-induced contraction in aortas with PVAT from ethanol-treated rats, but not from control rats. Conversely, inhibition of catalase with aminotriazole decreased phenylephrine-induced contraction in aortas from ethanol-treated rats. Treatment with ethanol increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and decreased catalase activity in aortas with PVAT. Ethanol increased superoxide anion (O2-) generation in aortas with or without PVAT. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was not affected by ethanol intake. In situ quantification of H2O2 using 2'7'dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) revealed increased levels of H2O2 in periaortic PVAT from ethanol-treated rats. However, in situ evaluation of nitric oxide (NO) in both aorta and PVAT showed no differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides novel evidence that the periaortic PVAT protects against the vascular dysfunction induced by acute ethanol intake through a mechanism that involves increased generation of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália A Gonzaga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wanessa M C Awata
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel T do Vale
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia C Marchi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline J Muniz
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Tirapelli
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Prado AF, Pernomian L, Azevedo A, Costa RAP, Rizzi E, Ramos J, Paes Leme AF, Bendhack LM, Tanus-Santos JE, Gerlach RF. Matrix metalloproteinase-2-induced epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation impairs redox balance in vascular smooth muscle cells and facilitates vascular contraction. Redox Biol 2018; 18:181-190. [PMID: 30029165 PMCID: PMC6052251 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation may enhance matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity and promote cardiovascular dysfunction. We show for the first time that MMP-2 is upstream of increased ROS formation and activates signaling mechanisms impairing redox balance. Incubation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with recombinant MMP-2 increased ROS formation assessed with dihydroethidium (DHE) by flow cytometry. This effect was blocked by the antioxidant apocynin or by polyethylene glycol-catalase (PEG-catalase), and by MMP inhibitors (doxycycline or GM6001). Next, we showed in HEK293 cells that MMP-2 transactivates heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) leading to EGF receptor (EGFR) activation and increased ROS concentrations. This effect was prevented by the EGFR kinase inhibitor Ag1478, and by phospholipase C (PLC) or protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors (A778 or chelerythrine, respectively), confirming the involvement of EGFR pathway in MMP-2-induce responses. Next, we showed that intraluminal exposure of aortas to MMP-2 increased vascular MMP-2 levels detected by immunofluorescence and gelatinolytic activity (by in situ zimography) in association with increased ROS formation. This effect was inhibited by MMP inhibitors (phenanthroline or doxycycline) and by apocynin or PEG-catalase. MMP-2 also increased aortic contractility to phenylephrine and this effect was prevented by MMP inhibitor GM6001 and by apocynin or PEG-catalase, showing again that increased ROS formation mediates functional effects of MMP-2. These results show that MMP-2 activates the EGFR and triggers downstream signaling pathways increasing ROS formation and promoting vasoconstriction. These findings may have various implications for cardiovascular diseases. MMP-2 is activated by reactive oxygen species and promotes cardiovascular diseases. We show here that MMP-2 is upstream of reactive oxygen species formation. This effect involves epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. MMP-2 impairs redox balance and contributes to vascular contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Laena Pernomian
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Azevedo
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rute A P Costa
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Elen Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Junia Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil; Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences from Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Café, S/N - Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Paes Leme
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lusiane M Bendhack
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences from Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Gerlach
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Café, S/N - Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil.
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Guimaraes DA, Dos Passos MA, Rizzi E, Pinheiro LC, Amaral JH, Gerlach RF, Castro MM, Tanus-Santos JE. Nitrite exerts antioxidant effects, inhibits the mTOR pathway and reverses hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Free Radic Biol Med 2018. [PMID: 29530793 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a common consequence of chronic hypertension and leads to heart failure and premature death. The anion nitrite is now considered as a bioactive molecule able to exert beneficial cardiovascular effects. Previous results showed that nitrite attenuates hypertension-induced increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the vasculature. Whether antioxidant effects induced by nitrite block critical signaling pathways involved in cardiac hypertrophy induced by hypertension has not been determined yet. The Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is responsible to activate protein synthesis during cardiac remodeling and is activated by increased ROS production, which is commonly found in hypertension. Here, we investigated the effects of nitrite treatment on cardiac remodeling and activation of this hypertrophic signaling pathway in 2 kidney-1 clip (2K1C) hypertension. Sham and 2K1C rats were treated with oral nitrite at 1 or 15 mg/kg for four weeks. Nitrite treatment (15 mg/kg) reduced systolic blood pressure and decreased ROS production in the heart tissue from hypertensive rats. This nitrite dose also blunted hypertension-induced activation of mTOR pathway and cardiac hypertrophy. While the lower nitrite dose (1 mg/kg) did not affect blood pressure, it exerted antioxidant effects and tended to attenuate mTOR pathway activation and cardiac hypertrophy induced by hypertension. Our findings provide strong evidence that nitrite treatment decreases cardiac remodeling induced by hypertension as a result of its antioxidant effects and downregulation of mTOR signaling pathway. This study may help to establish nitrite as an effective therapy in hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Guimaraes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Madla A Dos Passos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elen Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, UNAERP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jefferson H Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Gerlach
- Department of Morphology, Estomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Michele M Castro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Lacchini R, Pinheiro LC, Ferreira GC, Luizon MR, Garcia WNP, Garcia LV, Tanus-Santos JE. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms affect the changes in blood pressure and nitric oxide bioavailability induced by propofol. Nitric Oxide 2018; 75:77-84. [PMID: 29496565 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Propofol anesthesia is usually accompanied by hypotension, which is at least in part related to enhanced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3)-derived NO bioavailability. We examined here whether NOS3 polymorphisms (rs2070744, 4b/4a VNTR, rs3918226 and rs1799983) and haplotypes affect the changes in blood pressure and NO bioavailability induced by propofol. Venous blood samples were collected from 168 patients at baseline and after 10 min of anesthesia with propofol 2 mg/kg administered intravenously by bolus injection. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and haplotype frequencies were estimated. Nitrite concentrations were measured by using an ozone-based chemiluminescence assay, while NOx (nitrites + nitrates) levels were determined by using the Griess reaction. We found that CT + TT genotypes for the rs3918226 polymorphism, the ba + aa genotypes for the 4b/4a VNTR and the CTbT haplotype were associated with lower decreases in blood pressure and lower increases in nitrite levels after propofol anesthesia. On the other hand, the TCbT and CCbT haplotypes were associated with more intense decreases in blood pressure and higher increases in nitrite levels in response to propofol. Our results suggest that NOS3 polymorphisms and haplotypes influence the hypotensive responses to propofol, possibly by affecting NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Graziele C Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Luizon
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Waynice N P Garcia
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis V Garcia
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Martins-Oliveira A, Guimaraes DA, Ceron CS, Rizzi E, Oliveira DM, Tirapelli CR, Casarini DE, Fernandes FB, Pinheiro LC, Tanus-Santos JE. Direct renin inhibition is not enough to prevent reactive oxygen species generation and vascular dysfunction in renovascular hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 821:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Pinheiro LC, Ferreira GC, Garcia WNP, Lacchini R, Garcia LV, Tanus-Santos JE. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors enhance the hypotensive effects of propofol by increasing nitric oxide production. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:10-17. [PMID: 29138017 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Propofol anesthesia is usually accompanied by hypotension. Studies have shown that the hypotensive effects of propofol increase in patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi). Given that both propofol and ACEi affect nitric oxide (NO) signaling, the present study tested the hypothesis that ACEi treatment induces pronounced hypotensive responses to propofol by increasing NO bioavailability. In this study we evaluated 65 patients, divided into three groups: hypertensive patients chronically treated with ACEi (HT-ACEi; n = 21), hypertensive patients treated with other antihypertensive drugs instead of ACEi, such as angiotensin II receptor blockers, β-blockers or diuretics (HT; n = 21) and healthy normotensive subjects (NT; n = 23). Venous blood samples were collected at baseline and after 10min of anesthesia with propofol 2mg/kg administrated intravenously by bolus injection. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at each blood sample collection. Nitrite levels were determined by using an ozone-based chemiluminescence assay, while NOx (nitrites+nitrates) levels were measured by using the Griess reaction. Additionally, experimental approaches were used to validate our clinical findings. Higher decreases in blood pressure after propofol anesthesia were observed in HT-ACEi group as compared with those found in NT and HT groups. Consistently, rats treated with the ACEi enalapril showed more intense hypotensive responses to propofol. The hypotensive effects of propofol were associated with increased NO production in both clinical and experimental approaches. Enhanced increases in nitrite levels after propofol anesthesia were observed in HT-ACEi patients compared with NT and HT groups. Accordingly, rats treated with enalapril showed increased vascular NO formation after propofol anesthesia compared with rats receiving vehicle. Our data show that ACEi enhance the hypotensive responses to propofol anesthesia and increase nitrite concentrations. These findings suggest that increased NO bioavailability may account for the enhanced hypotensive effects of propofol in ACEi-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Graziele C Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Waynice N P Garcia
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis V Garcia
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Lacchini R, Muniz JJ, Nobre YTDA, Cologna AJ, Martins ACP, Tanus-Santos JE. Influence of arginase polymorphisms and arginase levels/activity on the response to erectile dysfunction therapy with sildenafil. Pharmacogenomics J 2017; 18:238-244. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A major pathophysiological factor contributing to hypertension is reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Strategies to address this pathophysiological mechanism could offer significant advantages. Areas covered: In this review we aimed at examining a variety of drugs (statins, beta-adrenergic receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II type-1 receptor blockers) used to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, particularly with respect to their potential of increasing NO bioavailability and activity in the cardiovascular system. There is now evidence supporting the notion that many cardiovascular drugs activate NO signaling or enhance NO bioavailability as a contributing mechanism to their beneficial cardiovascular effects. Moreover, other drugs may attenuate NO inactivation by superoxide and other reactive oxygen species by exerting antioxidant effects. More recently, the NO oxidation products nitrite and nitrate have been acknowledged as sources of NO after recycling back to NO. Activation of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is an alternate pathway that may generate NO from both anions and exert antihypertensive effects. Expert opinion: In this review, we provide an overview of the possible mechanisms by which these drugs enhance NO bioavailability and help in the therapy of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Pinheiro
- a Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School , University of Sao Paulo , Ribeirao Preto , Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- a Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School , University of Sao Paulo , Ribeirao Preto , Brazil
| | - Michele M Castro
- a Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School , University of Sao Paulo , Ribeirao Preto , Brazil
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Damacena-Angelis C, Oliveira-Paula GH, Pinheiro LC, Crevelin EJ, Portella RL, Moraes LAB, Tanus-Santos JE. Nitrate decreases xanthine oxidoreductase-mediated nitrite reductase activity and attenuates vascular and blood pressure responses to nitrite. Redox Biol 2017; 12:291-299. [PMID: 28285190 PMCID: PMC5345972 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrite and nitrate restore deficient endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production as they are converted back to NO, and therefore complement the classic enzymatic NO synthesis. Circulating nitrate and nitrite must cross membrane barriers to produce their effects and increased nitrate concentrations may attenuate the nitrite influx into cells, decreasing NO generation from nitrite. Moreover, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) mediates NO formation from nitrite and nitrate. However, no study has examined whether nitrate attenuates XOR-mediated NO generation from nitrite. We hypothesized that nitrate attenuates the vascular and blood pressure responses to nitrite either by interfering with nitrite influx into vascular tissue, or by competing with nitrite for XOR, thus inhibiting XOR-mediated NO generation. We used two independent vascular function assays in rats (aortic ring preparations and isolated mesenteric arterial bed perfusion) to examine the effects of sodium nitrate on the concentration-dependent responses to sodium nitrite. Both assays showed that nitrate attenuated the vascular responses to nitrite. Conversely, the aortic responses to the NO donor DETANONOate were not affected by sodium nitrate. Further confirming these results, we found that nitrate attenuated the acute blood pressure lowering effects of increasing doses of nitrite infused intravenously in freely moving rats. The possibility that nitrate could compete with nitrite and decrease nitrite influx into cells was tested by measuring the accumulation of nitrogen-15-labeled nitrite (15N-nitrite) by aortic rings using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Nitrate exerted no effect on aortic accumulation of 15N-nitrite. Next, we used chemiluminescence-based NO detection to examine whether nitrate attenuates XOR-mediated nitrite reductase activity. Nitrate significantly shifted the Michaelis Menten saturation curve to the right, with a 3-fold increase in the Michaelis constant. Together, our results show that nitrate inhibits XOR-mediated NO production from nitrite, and this mechanism may explain how nitrate attenuates the vascular and blood pressure responses to nitrite. The anions nitrite and nitrate are converted back to NO under certain conditions. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) mediates NO formation from nitrite and nitrate. Increased nitrate concentrations attenuate XOR-mediated NO generation from nitrite. This may explain how nitrate attenuates the vascular and blood pressure responses to nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célio Damacena-Angelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J Crevelin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Portella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto B Moraes
- Department of Chemistry, School of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Amaral JH, Tanus-Santos JE. Mechanisms contributing to increased cardiovascular risk in patients taking proton pump inhibitors. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28132440 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - J E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Lacchini R, Tanus-Santos JE. Clinical and pharmacogenetic impact of endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms on cardiovascular diseases. Nitric Oxide 2017; 63:39-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Luizon MR, Lacchini R, Fontana V, Silva PS, Biagi C, Tanus-Santos JE. Gene-Gene Interactions Among PRKCA, NOS3 and BDKRB2 Polymorphisms Affect the Antihypertensive Effects of Enalapril. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 120:284-291. [PMID: 27696692 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) signalling is critically involved in the control of blood pressure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) affect PKC expression and activity, which are partially associated with the responses to ACEi. We examined whether PRKCA (protein kinase C, alpha) polymorphisms (rs887797 C>T, rs1010544 T>C and rs16960228 G>A), or haplotypes, and gene-gene interactions within the ACEi pathway affect the antihypertensive responses in 104 hypertensive patients treated with enalapril as monotherapy. Patients were classified as poor responders (PR) or good responders (GR) to enalapril if their changes in mean arterial pressure were lower or higher than the median value, respectively. Multi-factor dimensionality reduction was used to characterize interactions among PRKCA, NOS3 (nitric oxide synthase 3) and BDKRB2 (bradykinin receptor B2) polymorphisms. The TC+CC genotypes for the rs1010544 polymorphism were more frequent in GR than in PR (p = 0.037). Conversely, the GA+AA genotypes for the rs16960228 polymorphism, and the CTA haplotype, were more frequent in PR than in GR (p = 0.040 and p = 0.008, respectively). Moreover, the GG genotype for the PRKCA rs16960228 polymorphism was associated with PR or GR depending on the genotypes for the rs2070744 (NOS3) and rs1799722 (BDKRB2) polymorphisms (p = 0.012). Our results suggest that PRKCA polymorphisms and gene-gene interactions within the ACEi pathway affect the antihypertensive responses to enalapril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Luizon
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Fontana
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pamela S Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso Biagi
- Santa Casa of Araçatuba, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Pinheiro LC, Ferreira GC, Amaral JH, Portella RL, Tella SDOC, Passos MA, Tanus-Santos JE. Oral nitrite circumvents antiseptic mouthwash-induced disruption of enterosalivary circuit of nitrate and promotes nitrosation and blood pressure lowering effect. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:226-235. [PMID: 27769921 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO•) metabolites nitrite and nitrate exert antihypertensive effects by mechanisms that involve gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols. However, while the use of antiseptic mouthwash (AM) is known to attenuate the responses to nitrate by disrupting its enterosalivary cycle, there is little information about whether AM attenuates the effects of orally administered nitrite. We hypothesized that the antihypertensive effects of orally administered nitrite would not be prevented by AM because, in contrast to oral nitrate, oral nitrite could promote S-nitrosothiols formation in the stomach without intereference by AM. Chronic effects of oral nitrite or nitrate were studied in two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats (and normotensive controls) treated with AM (or vehicle) once/day. We found that orally administered nitrite exerts antihypertensive effects that were not affected by AM. This finding contrasts with lack of antihypertensive responses to oral nitrate in 2K1C hypertensive rats treated with AM. Nitrite and nitrate treatments increased plasma nitrites, nitrates, and S-nitrosothiols concentrations. However, while treatment with AM attenuated the increases in plasma nitrite concentrations after both nitrite and nitrate treatments, AM attenuated the increases in S-nitrosothiols in nitrate-treated rats, but not in nitrite-treated rats. Moreover, AM attenuated vascular S-nitrosylation (detected by the SNO-RAC method) after nitrate, but not after nitrite treatment. Significant correlations were found between the hypotensive responses and S-nitrosothiols, and vascular S-nitrosylation levels. These results show for the first time that oral nitrite exerts antihypertensive effects notwithstanding the fact that antiseptic mouthwash disrupts the enterosalivary circulation of nitrate. Our results support a major role for S-nitrosothiols formation resulting in vascular S-nitrosylation as a key mechanism for the antihypertensive effects of both oral nitrite and nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Graziele C Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jefferson H Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Portella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra de O C Tella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Madla A Passos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Carvalho CC, Tanus-Santos JE, Oliveira-Paula GH. Impaired xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR)-mediated nitrite reductase activity possibly involved in the lack of antihypertensive effects of XOR inhibitors. Hypertens Res 2016; 40:301. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pinheiro LC, Oliveira-Paula GH, Portella RL, Guimarães DA, de Angelis CD, Tanus-Santos JE. Omeprazole impairs vascular redox biology and causes xanthine oxidoreductase-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Redox Biol 2016; 9:134-143. [PMID: 27521759 PMCID: PMC4983109 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used drugs that may increase the cardiovascular risk by mechanisms not entirely known. While PPIs increase asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels and inhibit nitric oxide production, it is unknown whether impaired vascular redox biology resulting of increased xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity mediates PPIs-induced endothelial dysfunction (ED). We examined whether increased XOR activity impairs vascular redox biology and causes ED in rats treated with omeprazole. We also examined whether omeprazole aggravates the ED found in hypertension. Treatment with omeprazole reduced endothelium-dependent aortic responses to acetylcholine without causing hypertension. However, omeprazole did not aggravate two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertension, nor hypertension-induced ED. Omeprazole and 2K1C increased vascular oxidative stress as assessed with dihydroethidium (DHE), which reacts with superoxide, and by the lucigenin chemiluminescence assay. The selective XOR inhibitor febuxostat blunted both effects induced by omeprazole. Treatment with omeprazole increased plasma ADMA concentrations, XOR activity and systemic markers of oxidative stress. Incubation of aortic rings with ADMA increased XOR activity, DHE fluorescence and lucigenin chemiluminescence signals, and febuxostat blunted these effects. Providing functional evidence that omeprazole causes ED by XOR-mediated mechanisms, we found that febuxostat blunted the ED caused by omeprazole treatment. This study shows that treatment with omeprazole impairs the vascular redox biology by XOR-mediated mechanisms leading to ED. While omeprazole did not further impair hypertension-induced ED, further studies in less severe animal models are warranted. Our findings may have major relevance, particularly to patients with cardiovascular diseases taking PPIs. Proton pump inhibitors are widely used and increase the cardiovascular risk by unknown mechanisms. Omeprazole increased vascular oxidative stress and caused endothelial dysfunction (ED). Those effects were dependent on the prooxidant enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). XOR inhibition by the selective XOR inhibitor febuxostat blunted both effects induced by omeprazole. Omeprazole impairs the vascular redox biology by XOR-mediated mechanisms leading to ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Portella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle A Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Celio D de Angelis
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13081-970, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Luizon MR, Belo VA, Fernandes KS, Andrade VL, Tanus-Santos JE, Sandrim VC. Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels, MMP-9 gene haplotypes, and cardiovascular risk in obese subjects. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:463-71. [PMID: 27146834 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-3993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plasma matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is a predictor of cardiovascular mortality, and MMP-9 polymorphisms affect plasma MMP-9 levels. However, no study examined whether MMP-9 haplotypes affect MMP-9 levels in obese adults. We examined whether MMP-9 polymorphisms and haplotypes are associated with obesity, and whether they affect MMP-9 levels in obese subjects. We examined the plasma levels of MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in 105 subjects with normal weight (controls), 100 obese subjects, and 156 obese subjects with ≥3 metabolic risk factors (MRFs). We determined genotypes for three polymorphisms: C-1562T (rs3918242), Q279R (A>G, rs17576), and R668Q (G>A, rs17577). MMP-9 levels and activity (MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio) were higher in obese subjects than in controls (P < 0.05). However, MMP-9 levels were higher in obese subjects with ≥3 MRFs than in obese subjects (P < 0.05). Obese subjects with ≥3 MRFs carrying the GA+AA genotypes for R668Q (G>A) polymorphism had higher MMP-9 levels than subjects carrying the AA genotype (P < 0.05). The "T, G, A" haplotype was more common in both groups of obese subjects than in controls (OR 3.95 and 4.39, respectively; P < 0.01). Notably, obese subjects with ≥3 MRFs carrying the "T, G, A" haplotype had higher MMP-9 levels than subjects carrying the "C, A, G" reference haplotype (P < 0.05). The "T, G, A" haplotype was associated with an increased risk of obesity and affected MMP-9 levels in obese subjects with ≥3 MRFs. Our findings suggest that plasma MMP-9 levels and MMP-9 haplotypes may help to discriminate obese subjects at an increased cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo R Luizon
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, SP, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Belo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Karla S Fernandes
- Núcleo de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Rua Domingos Vieira, 590, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30150-240, Brazil
| | - Vanessa L Andrade
- Núcleo de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Rua Domingos Vieira, 590, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30150-240, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Valeria C Sandrim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, SP, 18618-000, Brazil.
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Lacchini R, Luizon MR, Fontana V, Silva PS, Biagi C, Tanus-Santos JE. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase tagSNPs influence the effects of enalapril in essential hypertension. Nitric Oxide 2016; 55-56:62-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Pinheiro LC, Guimaraes DA, Tella SOC, Blanco ALF, Angelis CD, Schechter AN, Tanus-Santos JE. Tempol improves xanthine oxidoreductase-mediated vascular responses to nitrite in experimental renovascular hypertension. Redox Biol 2016; 8:398-406. [PMID: 27078869 PMCID: PMC5022046 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) increases vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and contributes to nitroso-redox imbalance. However, XOR can generate nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite, and increased superoxide could inactivate NO formed from nitrite. This study tested the hypothesis that XOR contributes to the cardiovascular effects of nitrite in renovascular hypertension, and that treatment with the antioxidant tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) improves XOR-mediated effects of nitrite. Blood pressure was assessed weekly in two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) and control rats. After six weeks of hypertension, the relaxing responses to nitrite were assessed in aortic rings in the presence of the XOR inhibitor oxypurinol (or vehicle), either in the absence or in the presence of tempol. Moreover, in vivo hypotensive responses to nitrite were also examined in the presence of oxypurinol (or vehicle) and tempol (or vehicle). Aortic XOR activity and expression were evaluated by fluorescence and Western blot, respectively. Vascular ROS production was assessed by the dihydroethidium assay. 2K1C hypertensive rats showed increased aortic XOR activity and vascular ROS production compared with control rats. Oxypurinol shifted the nitrite concentration–response curve to the right in aortic rings from 2K1C rats (but not in controls). Oxypurinol also attenuated the hypotensive responses to nitrite in 2K1C rats (but not in controls). These functional findings agree with increased aortic and plasma XOR activity found in 2K1C rats. Tempol treatment enhanced oxypurinol-induced shift of the nitrite concentration–response curve to the right. However, antioxidant treatment did not affect XOR-mediated hypotensive effects of nitrite. Our results show that XOR is important to the cardiovascular responses to nitrite in 2K1C hypertension, and XOR inhibitors commonly used by patients may cancel this effect. This finding suggests that nitrite treatment may not be effective in patients being treated with XOR inhibitors. Moreover, while tempol may improve the vascular responses to nitrite, antihypertensive responses are not affected. Upregulation of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is usually found in hypertension. While XOR produces superoxide, it can also produce NO from nitrite. This study shows that XOR mediates vasorelaxing effects of nitrite in renovascular hypertension. XOR inhibition prevents against the antihypertensive effects of nitrite. Antioxidant treatment improves XOR-mediated vasorelaxing effects of nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle A Guimaraes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra O Conde Tella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana L Furlan Blanco
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Celio D Angelis
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan N Schechter
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Sandrim VC, Dias MC, Bovolato ALDC, Tanus-Santos JE, Deffune E, Cavalli RC. Plasma from pre-eclamptic patients induces the expression of the anti-angiogenic miR-195-5p in endothelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1198-200. [PMID: 27012926 PMCID: PMC4882987 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of plasma incubation from preeclampsia pregnant on the antiangiogenic miR-195-5p expression. Higher miR-195-5p expression was found in cultures incubated with preeclampsia plasma compared to those incubated with healthy pregnant plasma. Next, as VEGF is a target of miR-195-5p we have quantified its expression by real-time qPCR and ELISA. We found reduced VEGF levels in culture incubated with preeclampsia plasma. Therefore, we have concluded that the higher expression of miR-195-5p in endothelial cell cultures incubated with preeclampsia plasma may contribute to decreased expression of VEGFA (gene and protein) and increased antiangiogenic status in preeclampsia. Therefore, this miR may be an important target in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cristina Sandrim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara Caldeira Dias
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lívia de Carvalho Bovolato
- Blood Transfusion Center, Cell Engineering Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elenice Deffune
- Blood Transfusion Center, Cell Engineering Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C Cavalli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Eleuterio NM, Palei ACT, Machado JSR, Tanus-Santos JE, Cavalli RC, Sandrim VC. Role of adiponectin on antioxidant profile: evaluation during healthy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Blood Press 2016; 25:241-3. [PMID: 26935256 DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2015.1134550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The study of adipokines and oxidative stress has aided in understanding pre-eclampsia physiopathology. Therefore, our group aimed to evaluate the correlation between the adipokines (adiponectin and leptin) and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (MDA-TBARS) and antioxidant activity of plasma [ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)] in healthy pregnant women and patients with gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. We found a significant negative correlation between MDA-TBARS and adiponectin (r = -0.40, p = 0.0042), suggesting a relationship between antioxidant levels and this adipokine in healthy pregnancies which is altered in patients with gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Níbia Mariana Eleuterio
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biosciences, State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP) , Botucatu , SP , Brazil
| | - Ana C T Palei
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicinal Sciences , State University of Campinas , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- d Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto , University of Sao Paulo , Ribeirao Preto , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Valeria C Sandrim
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biosciences, State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP) , Botucatu , SP , Brazil
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