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Melnichenko OO, Denisova EV, Zhukova OV, Potekaev NN. Basic genetic and biological markers of psoriasis. CONSILIUM MEDICUM 2021. [DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2021.8.201188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by an excessively aberrant hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is complex, and the exact mechanism, despite numerous studies, is still unclear. Complex genetic relationships play an important role in the pathogenesis of this skin disease. A large number of genes that are also associated with other diseases are involved in the development of psoriasis. The variety of comorbidities in patients with psoriasis often present challenges to the treatment for dermatosis. Understanding the role of certain genes in the pathogenesis of psoriasis will contribute the development of more effective targeted therapy aimed at blocking the corresponding inflammatory signaling pathways and molecules.
Aim. To analyze and systematize the basic genetic and biological markers of psoriasis.
Materials and methods. The study included research articles on the genetic analysis of psoriasis. The ResNet, PubMed and eLibrary databases were used.
Results and discussion. Basic genetic and biological markers were identified by analysis of literature sources devoted to psoriasis. Attention is paid to the role and effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms, which make it possible to establish a clear association of a number of genes involved in the development of psoriasis. Genes with altered expression in the psoriatic process were considered separately.
Conclusion. The identified biomarkers can be used in targeted biological therapy of psoriasis using biological modulators that block signaling.
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The Role of Single-Nucleotide Variants of NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3 Genes in the Comorbidity of Arterial Hypertension and Tension-Type Headache. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061556. [PMID: 33809023 PMCID: PMC8002043 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with tension-type headache (TTH) have an increased risk of developing arterial hypertension (AH), while hypertensive subjects do seem to have an increased risk of TTH. We searched for full-text English publications in databases using keywords and combined word searches over the past 15 years. In addition, earlier publications of historical interest were included in the review. In our review, we summed up the single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of Nitric Oxide Synthases (NOSs) genes involved in the development of essential AH and TTH. The results of studies we discussed in this review are contradictory. This might be due to different designs of the studies, small sample sizes in some of them, as well as different social and geographical characteristics. However, the contribution of genetic and environmental factors remains understudied. This makes the issue interesting for researchers, as understanding these mechanisms can contribute to a search for new approaches to pathogenetic and disease-modifying treatment of the AH and TTH phenotype. New drugs against AH and TTH can be based on inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, blockade of steps in the NO-cGMP pathway, or NO scavenging. Indeed, selective neuronal NOS (n-NOS) and inducible NOS (i-NOS) inhibitors are already in early clinical development.
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Beghi S, Cavaliere F, Buschini A. Gene polymorphisms in calcium-calmodulin pathway: Focus on cardiovascular disease. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 786:108325. [PMID: 33339582 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries and affects an increasing number of people. Several risk factors play an important role in the etiology of this disease, such as an unhealthy lifestyle. It is increasingly clear that genetic factors influencing the molecular basis of excitation-contraction mechanisms in the heart could contribute to modify the individual's risk. Thanks to the progress that has been made in understanding calcium signaling in the heart, it is assumed that calmodulin can play a crucial role in the excitation-contraction coupling. In fact, calmodulin (CaM) binds calcium and consequently regulates calcium channels. Several works show how some polymorphic variants can be considered predisposing factors to complex pathologies. Therefore, we hypothesize that the identification of polymorphic variants of proteins involved in the CaM pathway could be important for understanding how genetic traits can influence predisposition to myocardial infarction. This review considers each pathway of the three different isoforms of calmodulin (CaM1; CaM2; CaM3) and focuses on some common proteins involved in the three pathways, with the aim of analyzing the polymorphisms studied in the literature and understanding if they are associated with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Beghi
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Cavaliere
- University of Parma, Department of Food and Drug, Parco Area Delle Scienze 17A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
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Leonidou A, Lepetsos P, Kenanidis E, Macheras G, Tzetis M, Potoupnis M, Tsiridis E. Association of Polymorphisms in the Promoter Region of NOS2A Gene with Primary Knee Osteoarthritis in the Greek Population. Cureus 2020; 12:e6780. [PMID: 32140340 PMCID: PMC7045981 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A new emerging role of nitric oxide (NO) in the aetiology of osteoarthritis (OA) has been reported. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS), produced by chondrocytes, is the major source of NO in the osteoarthritic cartilage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential association between the -1173C/T (rs9282799), -1026 C/A (rs 2779249) and -954G/C (rs1800482) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter of the iNOS gene (NOS2A) and the incidence of knee OA in Greek population. Methods Ninety-six patients with primary knee OA were included in the study along with 44 controls. Genotypes were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing techniques. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were compared between patients and controls. Results None of the -1173C/T, -1026 C/A and -954G/C SNPs were detected in the studied population, either in patients or controls. However, another SNP was identified at the site -1056 at the promoter region, where the initial G allele was substituted by the T allele. Interestingly, the TT genotype was completely absent in controls, but was detected in six patients with a 6.2% observed frequency. The difference between patients and controls was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.18). In male OA patients, the observed frequency of the TT genotype was higher (28.6%) in comparison to the 0% of the male controls (p-value = 0.1). The frequency of the G allele was 0.82 in controls and 0.78 in OA patients (p-value = 0.53). Conclusions The present study demonstrates that the 954G/C, -1026C/A, -1056G/T and -1173C/T SNPs of the NOS2A gene are not a risk factor for primary knee OA in Greek population. Moreover, -954G/C, -1026C/A and -1173C/T are rare, if not completely absent, in the Greek population. Additional research is mandatory in order to investigate the association of these SNPs with OA in different ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Leonidou
- Orthopaedics and Trauma, Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | | | | | | | - Maria Tzetis
- Medical Genetics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GRC
| | - Michael Potoupnis
- Orthopaedics and Trauma, Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki, GRC
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Brookes C, Ribbans WJ, El Khoury LY, Raleigh SM. Variability within the human iNOS gene and Achilles tendon injuries: Evidence for a heterozygous advantage effect. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 23:342-346. [PMID: 31761559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this case control genetic association study was to explore whether two variants within the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene, rs2779249 (C/A) and rs2248814 (A/G), influenced the risk of Achilles tendinopathy in a British population. DESIGN Candidate gene, case control association study. METHOD We recruited 145 individuals diagnosed with Achilles tendon pathology and 132 asymptomatic controls. All participants were genotyped for the iNOS variants using qPCR and significant associations were discovered using a combination of Chi squared and ANOVA type analysis. RESULTS The CA genotype of the iNOS rs2779249 variant was protective and conformed to a heterozygous advantage model of inheritance as it was overrepresented in the control participants (p=0.009). In sex specific analysis the protective association persisted in male participants (p=0.016) but not in females. Unlike the rs2779249 variant, the rs2248814 variant was not associated with Achilles tendinopathy or Achilles tendon rupture. CONCLUSION The rs2779249 CA genotype within the human iNOS gene appears to protect individuals from Achilles tendinopathy. This study further supports a genetic contribution to modifying the risk of Achilles tendon problems. The study also infers an important role for nitric oxide in tendon healing and/or degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Louis Y El Khoury
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, The University of Northampton, USA
| | - Stuart M Raleigh
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, The University of Northampton, UK.
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Fortis MF, Fraga LR, Boquett JA, Kowalski TW, Dutra CG, Gonçalves RO, Vianna FSL, Schüler-Faccini L, Sanseverino MTV. Angiogenesis and oxidative stress-related gene variants in recurrent pregnancy loss. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:498-506. [PMID: 28825972 DOI: 10.1071/rd17117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) affects ~3-5% of couples attempting to conceive and in around 50% of cases the aetiology remains unknown. Adequate vascularisation and placental circulation are indispensable for the development of a normal pregnancy. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the nitric oxide (NO) systems play important roles in reproductive physiology, participating in several steps including implantation and apoptosis of trophoblast cells. In this study we evaluated genetic polymorphisms in the inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), PTGS2 and VEGFA genes as susceptibility factors for RPL. A case-control study was conducted in 149 women having two or more miscarriages and 208 controls. Allele and genotype distributions of the polymorphisms studied in the two groups were not statistically different. However, the dominant model showed that the presence of variant T (TT/GT) of rs2779249 (-1290G>T) of NOS2 was significantly associated with RPL (OR=1.58, CI 95%=1.03-2.44; P=0.037). The increased risk remained significant when adjusted for number of pregnancies, alcohol consumption and ethnicity (OR=1.92, CI95%=1.18-3.11; P=0.008). These results suggest that the variant genotypes of the functional polymorphism rs2779249 in the NOS2 promoter are a potential risk for RPL, possibly due to oxidative stress mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Felix Fortis
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Juliano André Boquett
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Caroline Gross Dutra
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Rozana Oliveira Gonçalves
- Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Department, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Lavinia Schüler-Faccini
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Vieira Sanseverino
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
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Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Polymorphisms and Nitric Oxide Levels in Individuals with Chronic Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061128. [PMID: 28617311 PMCID: PMC5485952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the -1026(A>C)(rs2779249) and +2087(A>G)(2297518) polymorphisms in the NOS2 gene were associated with chronic periodontitis (CP) and with salivary levels of nitrite (NO₂-) and/or nitrate + nitrite (NOx). A group of 113 mixed-race patients were subjected to periodontal, genetic, and biochemical evaluations (65 CP/48 periodontally healthy subjects). DNA was extracted from oral epithelial cells and used for genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (real-time). Salivary NOx concentrations were determined using an ozone-based chemiluminescence assay. Association of CP with alleles and genotypes of the -1026(A>C) polymorphism was found (X² test, p = 0.0075; 0.0308), but this was not maintained after multiple logistic regression, performed to estimate the effect of covariates and polymorphisms in CP. This analysis demonstrated, after correction for multiple comparisons, that only the female gender was significantly associated with CP. Polymorphisms analyzed as haplotypes were not associated with CP. NOx levels were significantly higher in the control group of heterozygous individuals for both polymorphisms. In conclusion, the female gender was significantly associated with CP, and higher levels of salivary NOx were found in control subjects and associated with the heterozygous state of the NOS2 polymorphisms, reinforcing the potential of NO metabolites as markers of periodontitis status.
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Negi VS, Mariaselvam CM, Misra DP, Muralidharan N, Fortier C, Charron D, Krishnamoorthy R, Tamouza R. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of iNOS
predispose to rheumatoid arthritis in south Indian Tamils. Int J Immunogenet 2017; 44:114-121. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Negi
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER); Puducherry India
| | - C. M. Mariaselvam
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER); Puducherry India
- INSERM, UMRS, U1160; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
| | - D. P. Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER); Puducherry India
| | - N. Muralidharan
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER); Puducherry India
| | - C. Fortier
- Jean Dausset laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics and LabExTransplantex; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
| | - D. Charron
- INSERM, UMRS, U1160; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
- Jean Dausset laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics and LabExTransplantex; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
| | | | - R. Tamouza
- INSERM, UMRS, U1160; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
- Jean Dausset laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics and LabExTransplantex; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
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Iwakiri Y. Nitric oxide in liver fibrosis: The role of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Clin Mol Hepatol 2015; 21:319-25. [PMID: 26770919 PMCID: PMC4712158 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2015.21.4.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed in hepatic cells in pathological conditions. Its induction is involved in the development of liver fibrosis, and thus iNOS could be a therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. This review summarizes the role of iNOS in liver fibrosis, focusing on 1) iNOS biology, 2) iNOS-expressing liver cells, 3) iNOS-related therapeutic strategies, and 4) future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Iwakiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Nikkari ST, Määttä KM, Kunnas TA. Functional Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Variants Associate With Hypertension: A Case-Control Study in a Finnish Population-The TAMRISK Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1958. [PMID: 26579803 PMCID: PMC4652812 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and expression has been associated with hypertension, but less is known whether the 2 known functional polymorphic sites in the iNOS gene (g.-1026 C/A (rs2779249), g.2087 G/A (rs2297518)) affect susceptibility to hypertension. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the genetic variants of iNOS and diagnosed hypertension in a Finnish cohort.This study included 320 hypertensive cases and 439 healthy controls. All participants were 50-year-old men and women and the data were collected from the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study (TAMRISK). DNA was extracted from buccal swabs and iNOS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed using KASP genotyping PCR. Data analysis was done by logistic regression.At the age of 50 years, the SNP rs2779249 (C/A) associated significantly with hypertension (P = 0.009); specifically, subjects carrying the A-allele had higher risk of hypertension compared to those carrying the CC genotype (OR = 1.47; CI = 1.08-2.01; P = 0.015). In addition, a 15-year follow-up period (35, 40, and 45 years) of the same individuals showed that carriers of the A-allele had more often hypertension in all of the studied age-groups. The highest risk for developing hypertension was obtained among 35-year-old subjects (odds ratio [OR] 3.83; confidence interval [CI] = 1.20-12.27; P = 0.024). Those carrying variant A had also significantly higher readings of both systolic (P = 0.047) and diastolic (P = 0.048) blood pressure during the follow-up. No significant associations between rs2297518 (G/A) variants alone and hypertension were found. However, haplotype analysis of rs2779249 and rs2297518 revealed that individuals having haplotype H3 which combines both A alleles (CA-GA, 19.7% of individuals) was more commonly found in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group (OR = 2.01; CI = 1.29-3.12; P = 0.002).In conclusion, there was a significant association between iNOS genetic variant (rs2779249) and hypertension in the genetically homogenous Finnish population. Those who carried the rare A-allele of the gene had higher risk for hypertension already at the age of 35 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppo T Nikkari
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (STN, KMM, TAK)
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Lacchini R, Tanus-Santos JE. Pharmacogenetics of erectile dysfunction: navigating into uncharted waters. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:1519-38. [PMID: 25303302 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil and other PDE-5 inhibitors have revolutionized erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment. However, a significant number of patients do not respond or present adverse reactions to these drugs. While genetic polymorphisms may underlie this phenomenon, very little research has been undertaken in this research field. Most of the current knowledge is based on sildenafil, thus almost completely ignoring other important pharmacological therapies. Currently, the most promising genes with pharmacogenetic implications in ED are related to the nitric oxide and cGMP pathway, although other genes are likely to affect the responsiveness to treatment of ED. Nevertheless, the small number of studies available opens the possibility of further exploring other genes and phenotypes related to ED. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the genes being tested for their pharmacogenetic relevance in the therapy of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing & Human Sciences, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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12
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Oliveira J, Debnath M, Etain B, Bennabi M, Hamdani N, Lajnef M, Bengoufa D, Fortier C, Boukouaci W, Bellivier F, Kahn JP, Henry C, Charron D, Krishnamoorthy R, Leboyer M, Tamouza R. Violent suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder is associated with nitric oxide synthase 3 gene polymorphism. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 132:218-25. [PMID: 25939888 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the importance of nitric oxide system in oxidative stress, inflammation, neurotransmission and cerebrovascular tone regulation, we postulated its potential dysfunction in bipolar disorder (BD) and suicide. By simultaneously analysing variants of three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) genes, we explored interindividual genetic liability to suicidal behaviour in BD. METHOD A total of 536 patients with BD (DSM-IV) and 160 healthy controls were genotyped for functionally relevant NOS1, NOS2 and NOS3 polymorphisms. History of suicidal behaviour and violent suicide attempt was documented for 511 patients with BD. Chi-squared test was used to perform genetic association analyses and logistic regression to test for gene-gene interactions. RESULTS NOS3 rs1799983 T homozygous state was associated with violent suicide attempts (26.4% vs. 10.8%, in patients and controls, P = 0.002, corrected P (Pc) = 0.004, OR: 2.96, 95% CI = 1.33-6.34), and this association was restricted to the early-onset BD subgroup (37.9% vs. 10.8%, in early-onset BD and controls, P = 0.0003, Pc = 0.0006 OR: 5.05, 95% CI: 1.95-12.45), while we found no association with BD per se and no gene-gene interactions. CONCLUSION Our results bring further evidence for the potential involvement of endothelial NOS gene variants in susceptibility to suicidal behaviour. Future exploration of this pathway on larger cohort of suicidal behaviour is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oliveira
- INSERM, U1160, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - M Debnath
- INSERM, U1160, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - B Etain
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Psychopathologie et Génétique des maladies psychiatriques, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - M Bennabi
- INSERM, U1160, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - N Hamdani
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Psychopathologie et Génétique des maladies psychiatriques, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - M Lajnef
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Psychopathologie et Génétique des maladies psychiatriques, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - D Bengoufa
- Laboratoire Jean Dausset and LabEx Transplantex, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - C Fortier
- Laboratoire Jean Dausset and LabEx Transplantex, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - W Boukouaci
- INSERM, U1160, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - F Bellivier
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Psychopathologie et Génétique des maladies psychiatriques, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - J-P Kahn
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Service de Psychiatrie et Psychologie Clinique, CHU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - C Henry
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Psychopathologie et Génétique des maladies psychiatriques, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - D Charron
- INSERM, U1160, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Laboratoire Jean Dausset and LabEx Transplantex, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - M Leboyer
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Psychopathologie et Génétique des maladies psychiatriques, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - R Tamouza
- INSERM, U1160, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Laboratoire Jean Dausset and LabEx Transplantex, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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Abstract
Resistant hypertension (RHTN), defined as an uncontrolled blood pressure despite the use of multiple antihypertensive medications, is an increasing clinical problem associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, including stroke and target organ damage. Genetic variability in blood pressure (BP)-regulating genes and pathways may, in part, account for the variability in BP response to antihypertensive agents, when taken alone or in combination, and may contribute to the RHTN phenotype. Pharmacogenomics focuses on the identification of genetic factors responsible for inter-individual variability in drug response. Expanding pharmacogenomics research to include patients with RHTN taking multiple BP-lowering medications may identify genetic markers associated with RHTN. To date, the available evidence surrounding pharmacogenomics in RHTN is limited and primarily focused on candidate genes. In this review, we summarize the most current data in RHTN pharmacogenomics and offer some recommendations on how to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal El Rouby
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, PO Box 100486, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA
| | - Rhonda M. Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, PO Box 100486, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100486, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA
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14
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Genetic risk score of NOS gene variants associated with myocardial infarction correlates with coronary incidence across Europe. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96504. [PMID: 24806096 PMCID: PMC4013019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality and morbidity is present in the European continent in a four-fold gradient across populations, from the South (Spain and France) with the lowest CAD mortality, towards the North (Finland and UK). This observed gradient has not been fully explained by classical or single genetic risk factors, resulting in some cases in the so called Southern European or Mediterranean paradox. Here we approached population genetic risk estimates using genetic risk scores (GRS) constructed with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from nitric oxide synthases (NOS) genes. These SNPs appeared to be associated with myocardial infarction (MI) in 2165 cases and 2153 controls. The GRSs were computed in 34 general European populations. Although the contribution of these GRS was lower than 1% between cases and controls, the mean GRS per population was positively correlated with coronary incidence explaining 65–85% of the variation among populations (67% in women and 86% in men). This large contribution to CAD incidence variation among populations might be a result of colinearity with several other common genetic and environmental factors. These results are not consistent with the cardiovascular Mediterranean paradox for genetics and support a CAD genetic architecture mainly based on combinations of common genetic polymorphisms. Population genetic risk scores is a promising approach in public health interventions to develop lifestyle programs and prevent intermediate risk factors in certain subpopulations with specific genetic predisposition.
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15
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Gallo-Ebert C, Donigan M, Liu HY, Pascual F, Manners M, Pandya D, Swanson R, Gallagher D, Chen W, Carman GM, Nickels JT. The yeast anaerobic response element AR1b regulates aerobic antifungal drug-dependent sterol gene expression. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:35466-77. [PMID: 24163365 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.526087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ergosterol biosynthesis, like cholesterol biosynthesis in mammals, is regulated at the transcriptional level by a sterol feedback mechanism. Yeast studies defined a 7-bp consensus sterol-response element (SRE) common to genes involved in sterol biosynthesis and two transcription factors, Upc2 and Ecm22, which direct transcription of sterol biosynthetic genes. The 7-bp consensus SRE is identical to the anaerobic response element, AR1c. Data indicate that Upc2 and Ecm22 function through binding to this SRE site. We now show that it is two novel anaerobic AR1b elements in the UPC2 promoter that direct global ERG gene expression in response to a block in de novo ergosterol biosynthesis, brought about by antifungal drug treatment. The AR1b elements are absolutely required for auto-induction of UPC2 gene expression and protein and require Upc2 and Ecm22 for function. We further demonstrate the direct binding of recombinant expressed S. cerevisiae ScUpc2 and pathogenic Candida albicans CaUpc2 and Candida glabrata CgUpc2 to AR1b and SRE/AR1c elements. Recombinant endogenous promoter studies show that the UPC2 anaerobic AR1b elements act in trans to regulate ergosterol gene expression. Our results indicate that Upc2 must occupy UPC2 AR1b elements in order for ERG gene expression induction to take place. Thus, the two UPC2-AR1b elements drive expression of all ERG genes necessary for maintaining normal antifungal susceptibility, as wild type cells lacking these elements have increased susceptibility to azole antifungal drugs. Therefore, targeting these specific sites for antifungal therapy represents a novel approach to treat systemic fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gallo-Ebert
- From the Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey 08691
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16
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Metzger IF, Luizon MR, Lacchini R, Ishizawa MH, Tanus-Santos JE. Effects of endothelial nitric oxide synthase tagSNPs haplotypes on nitrite levels in black subjects. Nitric Oxide 2013; 28:33-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Lacchini R, Coeli-Lacchini FB, Junior HM, Tanus-Santos JE. Inducible nitric oxide synthase haplotype associated with hypertension and responsiveness to antihypertensive drug therapy. Gene 2012; 515:391-5. [PMID: 23266817 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a multifactorial disorder associated with increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and activity. While genetic polymorphisms affect iNOS expression, it is not known whether iNOS gene polymorphisms affect the susceptibility to hypertension and the responses to antihypertensive therapy. This study aimed at assessing whether iNOS polymorphisms ((CCTTT)(n), g.-1026C>A, and g.2087G>A) and haplotypes are associated with hypertension and with responsiveness to drug therapy. We studied 115 well controlled hypertensive patients (HTN), 82 hypertensive patients resistant to optimized antihypertensive therapy (RHTN), and 113 normotensive healthy subjects (NT). Genotypings were carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR amplification followed by capillary electrophoresis. The software PHASE 2.1 was used to estimate the haplotype frequencies in each group. Variant genotypes (GA+AA) for the g.2087G>A polymorphism were more commonly found in hypertensive patients (HTN+RHTN) than in normotensives (P=0.016; OR=2.05). We found no associations between genotypes and responsiveness to therapy (P>0.05). The S-C-A haplotype was more commonly found in hypertensive patients (HTN+RHTN) than in normotensives (P=0.014; OR=6.07). Interestingly, this haplotype was more commonly found in the HTN group than in the RHTN group (P=0.012; OR=0.14). Our findings indicate that the g.2087G>A polymorphism in the iNOS gene affects the susceptibility to hypertension. Moreover, while the S-C-A haplotype is associated with hypertension, it is also associated with responsiveness to antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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18
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Wang Z, Feng K, Yue M, Lu X, Zheng Q, Zhang H, Zhai Y, Li P, Yu L, Cai M, Zhang X, Kang X, Shi W, Xia X, Chen X, Cao P, Li Y, Chen H, Ling Y, Li Y, He F, Zhou G. A non-synonymous SNP in the NOS2 associated with septic shock in patients with sepsis in Chinese populations. Hum Genet 2012. [PMID: 23192595 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis represents a systemic inflammatory response to infection and its sequelae include severe sepsis, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death. Studies in mice and humans indicate that the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS, NOS2) plays an important role in the development of sepsis and its sequelae. It was reported that several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within NOS2 could influence the production or activity of NOS2. In this study, we assessed whether SNPs within NOS2 gene were associated with severity of sepsis in Chinese populations. A case-control study was conducted, which included 299 and 280 unrelated patients with sepsis recruited from Liaoning and Jiangsu provinces in China, respectively. Six SNPs within NOS2 were genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY system. The associations between the SNPs and risk of sepsis complications were estimated by a binary logistic regression model adjusted for confounding factors. Functional assay was performed to assess the biological significance. The GA + AA genotype of a non-synonymous SNP in the exon 16 of NOS2 (rs2297518: G>A) was significantly associated with increased susceptibility to septic shock compared with GG genotype in Liaoning population (OR = 3.29, 95% CI = 1.40-7.72, P = 0.0047). This association was confirmed in the Jiangsu population (OR = 3.49, 95% CI = 1.57-7.79, P = 0.0019). Furthermore, the functional assay performed in the immortalized lymphocyte cell lines indicated that the at-risk GA genotype had a tendency of higher NOS2 activity than the GG genotype (P = 0.32). Our findings suggest that the NOS2 rs2297518 may play a role in mediating the susceptibility to septic shock in patients with sepsis in Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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19
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Nell EM, van der Merwe L, Cook J, Handley CJ, Collins M, September AV. The apoptosis pathway and the genetic predisposition to Achilles tendinopathy. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:1719-24. [PMID: 22588838 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a degenerative condition for which several risk factors have been implicated including components of the inflammatory pathway. The aim was to assess functional variants within genes encoding components of the apoptosis signaling cascade and the effectiveness of a polygenic apoptosis profile to capture tendinopathy (TEN) risk. A total of 358 unaffected control (CON) participants [159 South Africa (SA CON) and 199 Australia (AUS CON)] and 166 affected AT (TEN) participants (87 SA TEN and 79 AUS TEN) were genotyped for four variants [CASP8 (rs384129), CASP8 (rs1045485), NOS3 (rs1799983), and NOS2 (rs2779249)]. Logistic regression was used to derive risk models for AT. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to determine the effectiveness of a model to capture AT risk. This study indicates the independent association of CASP8_rs1045485 and CASP8_rs3834129 as well as their haplotype with AT risk and the identification of an optimal model which included genetic loci CASP8_rs384129 and CASP8_rs1045485 together with sex to capture AT risk in both SA and AUS. Collectively, these results further implicate the apoptosis signaling cascade as one of the biological pathways involved in the development of AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica-Mari Nell
- MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa
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20
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de O S Mansur T, Gonçalves FM, Martins-Oliveira A, Speciali JG, Dach F, Lacchini R, Tanus-Santos JE. Inducible nitric oxide synthase haplotype associated with migraine and aura. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 364:303-8. [PMID: 22234503 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is a complex neurological disorder with a clear neurogenic inflammatory component apparently including enhanced nitric oxide (NO) formation. Excessive NO amounts possibly contributing to migraine are derived from increased expression and activity of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). We tested the hypothesis that two functional, clinically relevant iNOS genetic polymorphisms (C(-1026)A-rs2779249 and G2087A-rs2297518) are associated with migraine with or without aura. We studied 142 healthy women without migraine (control group) and 200 women with migraine divided into two groups: 148 with migraine without aura (MWA) and 52 with aura (MA). Genotypes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction using the Taqman(®) allele discrimination assays. The PHASE 2.1 software was used to estimate the haplotypes. The A allele for the G2087A polymorphism was more commonly found in the MA group than in the MWA group (28 vs. 18%; P < 0.05). No other significant differences in the alleles or genotypes distributions were found (P > 0.05). The haplotype combining both A alleles for the two polymorphisms was more commonly found in the MA group than in the control group or in the MWA group (19 vs. 10 or 8%; P = 0.0245 or 0.0027, respectively). Our findings indicate that the G2087A and the C(-1026)A polymorphism in the iNOS gene affect the susceptibility to migraine with aura when their effects are combined within haplotypes, whereas the G2087A affects the susceptibility to aura in migraine patients. These finding may have therapeutic implications when examining the effects of selective iNOS inhibitors.
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21
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Amaral LM, Palei ACT, Sandrim VC, Luizon MR, Cavalli RC, Duarte G, Tanus-Santos JE. Maternal iNOS genetic polymorphisms and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J Hum Hypertens 2011; 26:547-52. [PMID: 21716319 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2011.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Increased expression and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may contribute to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH). However, no previous study has examined whether genetic polymorphisms in the iNOS gene are associated with PE or GH. We examined whether two functional, clinically relevant iNOS genetic polymorphisms (the C(-1026)A polymorphism, rs2779249, in the promoter region, and the G2087A polymorphism, rs2297518, in exon 16) are associated with GH or with PE. We studied 565 pregnant women: 212 healthy pregnant (HP), 166 pregnant with GH and 187 pregnant with PE. Genotypes were determined by real-time PCR, using the Taqman allele discrimination assay. The PHASE 2.1 program was used to estimate haplotype distributions in the three study groups. We found no significant association between the C(-1026)A polymorphism and PE or GH (P>0.05). However, we found the GA genotype and the A allele for the G2087A polymorphism at higher frequency in PE, but not in GH, compared with HP (P<0.05). The haplotype analysis showed no significant intergroup differences (P>0.05). These findings suggest that iNOS genetic variants may affect the susceptibility to PE, but not to GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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22
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Gałecki P, Maes M, Florkowski A, Lewiński A, Gałecka E, Bieńkiewicz M, Szemraj J. Association between inducible and neuronal nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms and recurrent depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2011; 129:175-82. [PMID: 20888049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 09/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression is characterised by increased nitric oxide (NO) levels. Inhibition of the NO synthesizing enzymes, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), results in antidepressant-like effects, whereas the expression of iNOS and nNOS is increased in depression. Recent studies have indicated that NOS participates in the mechanisms of antidepressants. The aim of this study was to examine whether a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) present in the genes encoding iNOS and nNOS can contribute to the risk of developing recurrent depressive disorder (rDD). METHODS The study was carried out in a group of 181 depressive patients and 149 control subjects of Polish origin. SNPs were assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. RESULTS The genotype distributions of the polymorphisms in exon 22 of the NOS2A gene and in exon 29 of the nNOS gene were significantly different between rDD patients and controls. The results showed that the G/A SNP of the gene encoding iNOS was associated with an increased susceptibility to rDD, whereas A/A homozygous carriers had a decreased risk of developing rDD. There was also a significant association between the C/T SNP of the gene encoding nNOS; the presence of the CC homozygous genotype decreased the risk of rDD, whereas the T allele and T/T homozygous genotype increased the vulnerability to rDD. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that polymorphisms in the iNOS and nNOS genes confer an increased susceptibility or resistance to rDD. Future research should examine genetic variants and their associations to the expression of NOSs and NO level in depressive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Łódź, Poland.
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23
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CYP7A1 genotypes and haplotypes associated with hypertension in an obese Han Chinese population. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:722-7. [PMID: 21346769 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs3808607 and rs1125226) within the CYP7A1 promoter and hypertension susceptibility in a Han Chinese population. From 2003 through 2006, a population-based case-control study was performed in a cohort of 1187 randomly selected Han Chinese subjects. A sib-pair study for a transmission disequilibrium test analysis was carried out in 76 hypertensive (HT) families (n=312) from northeastern Liaoning province. SNPs were detected using real-time PCR. No significant differences were found in the genotype or allele frequencies of either SNP (P>0.05), with no excessive allele sharing. For rs3808607, the frequency of the AA genotype in obese hypertensive patients was 31.91%, significantly higher than in normotensive (NT) subjects (12.73%; odds ratio (OR)=3.21, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.35-7.66). For rs3808607, the AA genotype frequency was significantly higher in obese male HT subjects (27.87%) than in matched NTs (7.41%; OR=4.83, 95% CI=1.03-22.65). After adjustment for environmental risk factors in obese participants, the AA genotype was associated with hypertension (OR=3.395, 95% CI=1.412-8.162). Among subjects with body mass index 28 kg m(-2), the HT and NT groups had significantly different frequencies of Hap I (C/C) and Hap IV (A/A). The frequencies of rs3808607 alleles in the CYP7A1 gene differed significantly between obese HT and NT men. Haplotypes I and IV were associated with hypertension in obese participants.
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An inducible nitric oxide synthase polymorphism is associated with the risk of recurrent depressive disorder. Neurosci Lett 2010; 486:184-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Li W, Liu H, Fu L, Li D, Zhao Y. Identification of Yin Yang 1-interacting partners at −1026C/A in the human iNOS promoter. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 498:119-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pautz A, Art J, Hahn S, Nowag S, Voss C, Kleinert H. Regulation of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Nitric Oxide 2010; 23:75-93. [PMID: 20438856 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) generated by the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is involved in complex immunomodulatory and antitumoral mechanisms and has been described to have multiple beneficial microbicidal, antiviral and antiparasital effects. However, dysfunctional induction of iNOS expression seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of several human diseases. Therefore iNOS has to be regulated very tightly. Modulation of expression, on both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, is the major regulation mechanism for iNOS. Pathways resulting in the induction of iNOS expression vary in different cells or species. Activation of the transcription factors NF-kappaB and STAT-1alpha and thereby activation of the iNOS promoter seems to be an essential step for the iNOS induction in most human cells. However, at least in the human system, also post-transcriptional mechanisms involving a complex network of RNA-binding proteins build up by AUF1, HuR, KSRP, PTB and TTP is critically involved in the regulation of iNOS expression. Recent data also implicate regulation of iNOS expression by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55101 Mainz, Germany
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