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Ghandhi SA, Morton SR, Shuryak I, Lee Y, Soni RK, Perrier JR, Bakke J, Gahagan J, Bujold K, Authier S, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ, Nishita D, Chang P, Turner HC. Longitudinal multi-omic changes in the transcriptome and proteome of peripheral blood cells after a 4 Gy total body radiation dose to Rhesus macaques. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:139. [PMID: 36944971 PMCID: PMC10031949 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-human primates, such as Rhesus macaques, are a powerful model for studies of the cellular and physiological effects of radiation, development of radiation biodosimetry, and for understanding the impact of radiation on human health. Here, we study the effects of 4 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) at the molecular level out to 28 days and at the cytogenetic level out to 56 days after exposure. We combine the global transcriptomic and proteomic responses in peripheral whole blood to assess the impact of acute TBI exposure at extended times post irradiation. RESULTS The overall mRNA response in the first week reflects a strong inflammatory reaction, infection response with neutrophil and platelet activation. At 1 week, cell cycle arrest and re-entry processes were enriched among mRNA changes, oncogene-induced senescence and MAPK signaling among the proteome changes. Influenza life cycle and infection pathways initiated earlier in mRNA and are reflected among the proteomic changes during the first week. Transcription factor proteins SRC, TGFβ and NFATC2 were immediately induced at 1 day after irradiation with increased transcriptional activity as predicted by mRNA changes persisting up to 1 week. Cell counts revealed a mild / moderate hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) reaction to irradiation with expected lymphopenia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia that resolved within 30 days. Measurements of micronuclei per binucleated cell levels in cytokinesis-blocked T-lymphocytes remained high in the range 0.27-0.33 up to 28 days and declined to 0.1 by day 56. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we show that the TBI 4 Gy dose in NHPs induces many cellular changes that persist up to 1 month after exposure, consistent with damage, death, and repopulation of blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaz A. Ghandhi
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Shad R. Morton
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Rajesh K. Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY New York, 10032 USA
| | - Jay R. Perrier
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - James Bakke
- Biosciences Division, SRI, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Janet Gahagan
- Biosciences Division, SRI, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Kim Bujold
- Charles River Laboratory, 445 Armand-Grappier Blvd, (QC) H7V 4B3 Laval, Canada
| | - Simon Authier
- Charles River Laboratory, 445 Armand-Grappier Blvd, (QC) H7V 4B3 Laval, Canada
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Denise Nishita
- Biosciences Division, SRI, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Polly Chang
- Biosciences Division, SRI, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
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2
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Akkad AR, Gu J, Duane B, Norquist A, Brenner DJ, Ramakumar A, Zenhausern F. Automatic reagent handling and assay processing of human biospecimens inside a transportation container for a medical disaster response against radiation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268508. [PMID: 35594269 PMCID: PMC9122182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological materials can be shipped off-site for diagnostic, therapeutic and research purposes. They usually are kept in certain environments for their final application during transportation. However, active reagent handling during transportation from a collection site to a laboratory or biorepository has not been reported yet. In this paper, we show the application of a micro-controlled centrifugal microfluidic system inside a shipping container that can add reagent to an actively cultured human blood sample during transportation to ensure a rapid biodosimetry of cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. The newly demonstrated concept could have a significant impact on rapid biodosimetry triage for medical countermeasure in a radiological disaster. It also opens a new capability in accelerated sample processing during transportation for biomedical and healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Akkad
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Jian Gu
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JG); (FZ)
| | - Brett Duane
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Alan Norquist
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Adarsh Ramakumar
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- HonorHealth Research and Innovation Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JG); (FZ)
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3
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Transcriptomics of Wet Skin Biopsies Predict Early Radiation-Induced Hematological Damage in a Mouse Model. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030538. [PMID: 35328091 PMCID: PMC8952434 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of an easy and fast radiation-exposure testing method with a dosimetric ability complicates triage and treatment in response to a nuclear detonation, radioactive material release, or clandestine exposure. The potential of transcriptomics in radiation diagnosis and prognosis were assessed here using wet skin (blood/skin) biopsies obtained at hour 2 and days 4, 7, 21, and 28 from a mouse radiation model. Analysis of significantly differentially transcribed genes (SDTG; p ≤ 0.05 and FC ≥ 2) during the first post-exposure week identified the glycoprotein 6 (GP-VI) signaling, the dendritic cell maturation, and the intrinsic prothrombin activation pathways as the top modulated pathways with stable inactivation after lethal exposures (20 Gy) and intermittent activation after sublethal (1, 3, 6 Gy) exposure time points (TPs). Interestingly, these pathways were inactivated in the late TPs after sublethal exposure in concordance with a delayed deleterious effect. Modulated transcription of a variety of collagen types, laminin, and peptidase genes underlay the modulated functions of these hematologically important pathways. Several other SDTGs related to platelet and leukocyte development and functions were identified. These results outlined genetic determinants that were crucial to clinically documented radiation-induced hematological and skin damage with potential countermeasure applications.
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4
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Satyamitra MM, Perez-Horta Z, DiCarlo AL, Cassatt DR, Rios CI, Price PW, Taliaferro LP. NIH Policies and Regulatory Pathways to U.S. FDA licensure: Strategies to Inform Advancement of Radiation Medical Countermeasures and Biodosimetry Devices. Radiat Res 2022; 197:533-553. [PMID: 35113982 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00198.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program within the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), is tasked with the mandate of identifying biodosimetry tests to assess exposure and medical countermeasures (MCMs) to mitigate/treat injuries to individuals exposed to significant doses of ionizing radiation from a radiological/nuclear incident, hosted. To fulfill this mandate, the Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), hosted a workshop in 2018 workshop entitled "Policies and Regulatory Pathways to U.S. FDA licensure: Radiation Countermeasures and Biodosimetry Devices." The purpose of the meeting was to facilitate the advancement of MCMs and biodosimetry devices by assessing the research devices and animal models used in preclinical studies; government policies on reproducibility, rigor and robustness; regulatory considerations for MCMs and biodosimetry devices; and lessons learned from sponsors of early stage MCM or biodosimetry devices. Meeting presentations were followed by a NIAID-led, open discussion among academic investigators, industry researchers and U.S. government representatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merriline M Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Rockville, Maryland 20892-9828
| | - Zulmarie Perez-Horta
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Rockville, Maryland 20892-9828
| | - Andrea L DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Rockville, Maryland 20892-9828
| | - David R Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Rockville, Maryland 20892-9828
| | - Carmen I Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Rockville, Maryland 20892-9828
| | - Paul W Price
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Rockville, Maryland 20892-9828
| | - Lanyn P Taliaferro
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Rockville, Maryland 20892-9828
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5
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Amundson SA. Transcriptomics for radiation biodosimetry: progress and challenges. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 99:925-933. [PMID: 33970766 PMCID: PMC10026363 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1928784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transcriptomic-based approaches are being developed to meet the needs for large-scale radiation dose and injury assessment and provide population triage following a radiological or nuclear event. This review provides background and definition of the need for new biodosimetry approaches, and summarizes the major advances in this field. It discusses some of the major model systems used in gene signature development, and highlights some of the remaining challenges, including individual variation in gene expression, potential confounding factors, and accounting for the complexity of realistic exposure scenarios. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic approaches show great promise for both dose reconstruction and for prediction of individual radiological injury. However, further work will be needed to ensure that gene expression signatures will be robust and appropriate for their intended use in radiological or nuclear emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Swartz HM, Flood AB, Singh VK, Swarts SG. Scientific and Logistical Considerations When Screening for Radiation Risks by Using Biodosimetry Based on Biological Effects of Radiation Rather than Dose: The Need for Prior Measurements of Homogeneity and Distribution of Dose. HEALTH PHYSICS 2020; 119:72-82. [PMID: 32175928 PMCID: PMC7269859 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An effective medical response to a large-scale radiation event requires prompt and effective initial triage so that appropriate care can be provided to individuals with significant risk for severe acute radiation injury. Arguably, it would be advantageous to use injury rather than radiation dose for the initial assessment; i.e., use bioassays of biological damage. Such assays would be based on changes in intrinsic biological response elements; e.g., up- or down-regulation of genes, proteins, metabolites, blood cell counts, chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, micro-RNA, cytokines, or transcriptomes. Using a framework to evaluate the feasibility of biodosimetry for triaging up to a million people in less than a week following a major radiation event, Part 1 analyzes the logistical feasibility and clinical needs for ensuring that biomarkers of organ-specific injury could be effectively used in this context. We conclude that the decision to use biomarkers of organ-specific injury would greatly benefit by first having independent knowledge of whether the person's exposure was heterogeneous and, if so, what was the dose distribution (to determine which organs were exposed to high doses). In Part 2, we describe how these two essential needs for prior information (heterogeneity and dose distribution) could be obtained by using in vivo nail dosimetry. This novel physical biodosimetry method can also meet the needs for initial triage, providing non-invasive, point-of-care measurements made by non-experts with immediate dose estimates for four separate anatomical sites. Additionally, it uniquely provides immediate information as to whether the exposure was homogeneous and, if not, it can estimate the dose distribution. We conclude that combining the capability of methods such as in vivo EPR nail dosimetry with bioassays to predict organ-specific damage would allow effective use of medical resources to save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold M. Swartz
- Dept of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
- Dept of Medicine/Radiation Oncology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Ann Barry Flood
- Dept of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Vijay K. Singh
- Dept. Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven G. Swarts
- Dept of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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7
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Effects of Genetic Variation on Urinary Small Molecule Signatures of Mice after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: A Study of p53 Deficiency. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060234. [PMID: 32521675 PMCID: PMC7345090 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to risks from potential exposures to ionizing radiation (IR), improved radiological countermeasures are required, as well as rapid high-throughput biodosimetry. Genotypic variation in the general population contributes to differences in radiosensitivity that may affect biodosimetry accuracy. Previous studies utilized radiosensitive mutant mouse models (Parp1−/− and Atm−/−) to determine the effects of genotypic deficiency on radiation signatures. Here, we extend this approach by examining changes in the urinary metabolome in a hematopoietic (HP) resistant mouse model (p53−/−) after IR exposure. As p53 is a primary regulator in radiation response and apoptosis, limited hematopoietic stem cell apoptosis leads to reduced mortality at doses of ~8–10 Gy but increased mortality at higher doses (>15 Gy) due to mitotic catastrophe in gastrointestinal (GI) crypt cells. Urine was collected from mice (wild-type (WT), p53+/−, and p53−/−) pre-irradiation and at 4 and 24 h after total body irradiation (TBI) (WT: 8 and 10 Gy; p53−/−: 10 Gy) for metabolic phenotyping using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) platform. Minimal differences were detected between unirradiated WT, p53+/−, and p53−/− mice. While similar perturbations were observed for metabolites involved in tryptophan, vitamin B6, and histamine pathways, glycine conjugation, and redox metabolism for WT and p53−/− mice after TBI, an overall dampened response was observed in p53-deficient mice. Despite comparable metabolite patterns between genotypes, differentiation was achieved through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with high specificity and sensitivity for carnitine, N1-acetylspermidine, and creatine. These studies highlight that both attenuated and dampened metabolic responses due to genetic variability in the general population need to be addressed in biodosimetry frameworks.
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8
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Sun L, Inaba Y, Kanzaki N, Bekal M, Chida K, Moritake T. Identification of Potential Biomarkers of Radiation Exposure in Blood Cells by Capillary Electrophoresis Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030812. [PMID: 32012663 PMCID: PMC7037449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodosimetry is a useful method for estimating personal exposure doses to ionizing radiation. Studies have identified metabolites in non-cellular biofluids that can be used as markers in biodosimetry. Levels of metabolites in blood cells may reflect health status or environmental stresses differentially. Here, we report changes in the levels of murine blood cell metabolites following exposure to X-rays in vivo. Levels of blood cell metabolites were measured by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The levels of 100 metabolites were altered substantially following exposure. We identified 2-aminobutyric acid, 2'-deoxycytidine, and choline as potentially useful markers of radiation exposure and established a potential prediction panel of the exposure dose using stepwise regression. Levels of blood cell metabolites may be useful biomarkers in estimating exposure doses during unexpected radiation incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Sun
- Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yohei Inaba
- Course of Radiological Technology, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Norie Kanzaki
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
| | - Mahesh Bekal
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Chida
- Course of Radiological Technology, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Takashi Moritake
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-93-691-7549
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Dainiak N, Albanese J, Kaushik M, Balajee AS, Romanyukha A, Sharp TJ, Blakely WF. CONCEPTS OF OPERATIONS FOR A US DOSIMETRY AND BIODOSIMETRY NETWORK. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 186:130-138. [PMID: 30726970 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The USA must be prepared to provide a prompt, coordinated and integrated response for radiation dose and injury assessment for suspected radiation exposure, whether it involves isolated cases or mass casualties. Dose estimation for radiation accidents typically necessitates a multiple parameter diagnostics approach that includes clinical, biological and physical dosimetry to provide an early-phase radiation dose. A US Individual Dosimetry and Biodosimetry Network (US-IDBN) will increase surge capacity for civilian and military populations in a large-scale incident. The network's goal is to leverage available resources and provide an integrated biodosimetry capability, using multiple parameter diagnostics. Initial operations will be to expand an existing functional integration of two cytogenetic biodosimetry laboratories by developing Standard Operating Procedures, cross-training laboratorians, developing common calibration curves, supporting inter-comparison exercises and obtaining certification to process clinical samples. Integration with certified commercial laboratories will increase surge capacity to meet the needs of a mass-casualty incident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dainiak
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven CT 06520, USA
| | - Joseph Albanese
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven CT 06520, USA
| | - Meetu Kaushik
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven CT 06520, USA
| | - Adayabalam S Balajee
- Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PO Box 117, MS 39, Oak Ridge TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Thad J Sharp
- Naval Dosimetry Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda MD 20889, USA
| | - William F Blakely
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, 4555 South Palmer Road, Bldg. 42, Bethesda MD 20889-5648, USA
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Kobayashi K, Dong R, Nicolalde RJ, Calderon P, Du G, Williams BB, Lee MCI, Swartz HM, Flood AB. Development of a novel mouth model as an alternative tool to test the effectiveness of an in vivo EPR dosimetry system. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:165002. [PMID: 30033935 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aad518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In a large-scale radiation event, thousands may be exposed to unknown amounts of radiation, some of which may be life-threatening without immediate attention. In such situations, a method to quickly and reliably estimate dose would help medical responders triage victims to receive life-saving care. We developed such a method using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to make in vivo measurements of the maxillary incisors. This report provides evidence that the use of in vitro studies can provide data that are fully representative of the measurements made in vivo. This is necessary because, in order to systematically test and improve the reliability and accuracy of the dose estimates made with our EPR dosimetry system, it is important to conduct controlled studies in vitro using irradiated human teeth. Therefore, it is imperative to validate whether our in vitro models adequately simulate the measurements made in vivo, which are intended to help guide decisions on triage after a radiation event. Using a healthy volunteer with a dentition gap that allows using a partial denture, human teeth were serially irradiated in vitro and then, using a partial denture, placed in the volunteer's mouth for measurements. We compared dose estimates made using in vivo measurements made in the volunteer's mouth to measurements made on the same teeth in our complex mouth model that simulates electromagnetic and anatomic properties of the mouth. Our results demonstrate that this mouth model can be used in in vitro studies to develop the system because these measurements appropriately model in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Kobayashi
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, HB 7785, Williamson Translational Research Bldg, Lebanon, NH, United States of America
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11
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Swarts SG, Sidabras JW, Grinberg O, Tipikin DS, Kmiec M, Petryakov S, Schreiber W, Wood VA, Williams BB, Flood AB, Swartz HM. Developments in Biodosimetry Methods for Triage With a Focus on X-band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance In Vivo Fingernail Dosimetry. HEALTH PHYSICS 2018; 115:140-150. [PMID: 29787440 PMCID: PMC5967651 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Instrumentation and application methodologies for rapidly and accurately estimating individual ionizing radiation dose are needed for on-site triage in a radiological/nuclear event. One such methodology is an in vivo X-band, electron paramagnetic resonance, physically based dosimetry method to directly measure the radiation-induced signal in fingernails. The primary components under development are key instrument features, such as resonators with unique geometries that allow for large sampling volumes but limit radiation-induced signal measurements to the nail plate, and methodological approaches for addressing interfering signals in the nail and for calibrating dose from radiation-induced signal measurements. One resonator development highlighted here is a surface resonator array designed to reduce signal detection losses due to the soft tissues underlying the nail plate. Several surface resonator array geometries, along with ergonomic features to stabilize fingernail placement, have been tested in tissue-equivalent nail models and in vivo nail measurements of healthy volunteers using simulated radiation-induced signals in their fingernails. These studies demonstrated radiation-induced signal detection sensitivities and quantitation limits approaching the clinically relevant range of ≤ 10 Gy. Studies of the capabilities of the current instrument suggest that a reduction in the variability in radiation-induced signal measurements can be obtained with refinements to the surface resonator array and ergonomic features of the human interface to the instrument. Additional studies are required before the quantitative limits of the assay can be determined for triage decisions in a field application of dosimetry. These include expanded in vivo nail studies and associated ex vivo nail studies to provide informed approaches to accommodate for a potential interfering native signal in the nails when calculating the radiation-induced signal from the nail plate spectral measurements and to provide a method for calibrating dose estimates from the radiation-induced signal measurements based on quantifying experiments in patients undergoing total-body irradiation or total-skin electron therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G. Swarts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32618
| | - Jason W. Sidabras
- Max Planck for Chemical Energy Conversion, Biophysical Chemistry, Mülheim, Germany
| | - Oleg Grinberg
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755
| | | | - Maciej Kmiec
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755
| | - Sergey Petryakov
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755
| | - Wilson Schreiber
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755
| | - Victoria A. Wood
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755
| | | | - Ann Barry Flood
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755
| | - Harold M. Swartz
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755
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Laiakis EC, Wang YW, Young EF, Harken AD, Xu Y, Smilenov L, Garty GY, Brenner DJ, Fornace AJ. Metabolic Dysregulation after Neutron Exposures Expected from an Improvised Nuclear Device. Radiat Res 2017; 188:21-34. [PMID: 28475424 PMCID: PMC5714588 DOI: 10.1667/rr14656.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The increased threat of terrorism across the globe has raised fears that certain groups will acquire and use radioactive materials to inflict maximum damage. In the event that an improvised nuclear device (IND) is detonated, a potentially large population of victims will require assessment for radiation exposure. While photons will contribute to a major portion of the dose, neutrons may be responsible for the severity of the biologic effects and cellular responses. We investigated differences in response between these two radiation types by using metabolomics and lipidomics to identify biomarkers in urine and blood of wild-type C57BL/6 male mice. Identification of metabolites was based on a 1 Gy dose of radiation. Compared to X rays, a neutron spectrum similar to that encountered in Hiroshima at 1-1.5 km from the epicenter induced a severe metabolic dysregulation, with perturbations in amino acid metabolism and fatty acid β-oxidation being the predominant ones. Urinary metabolites were able to discriminate between neutron and X rays on day 1 as well as day 7 postirradiation, while serum markers showed such discrimination only on day 1. Free fatty acids from omega-6 and omega-3 pathways were also decreased with 1 Gy of neutrons, implicating cell membrane dysfunction and impaired phospholipid metabolism, which should otherwise lead to release of those molecules in circulation. While a precise relative biological effectiveness value could not be calculated from this study, the results are consistent with other published studies showing higher levels of damage from neutrons, demonstrated here by increased metabolic dysregulation. Metabolomics can therefore aid in identifying global perturbations in blood and urine, and effectively distinguishing between neutron and photon exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | | | - Andrew D. Harken
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, New York
| | - Yanping Xu
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, New York
- Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Lubomir Smilenov
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Guy Y. Garty
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, New York
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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13
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Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Authier S, Wong K, Fornace AJ. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics of Urine and Serum from Nonhuman Primates Exposed to Ionizing Radiation: Impacts on the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Protein Metabolism. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2091-2100. [PMID: 28351153 PMCID: PMC5720681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) directly damages cells and tissues or indirectly damages them through reactive free radicals that may lead to longer term adverse sequelae such as cancers, persistent inflammation, or possible death. Potential exposures include nuclear reactor accidents, improper disposal of equipment containing radioactive materials or medical errors, and terrorist attacks. Metabolomics (comprehensive analysis of compounds <1 kDa) by mass spectrometry (MS) has been proposed as a tool for high-throughput biodosimetry and rapid assessment of exposed dose and triage needed. While multiple studies have been dedicated to radiation biomarker discovery, many have utilized liquid chromatography (LC) MS platforms that may not detect particular compounds (e.g., small carboxylic acids or isomers) that complementary analytical tools, such as gas chromatography (GC) time-of-flight (TOF) MS, are ideal for. The current study uses global GC-TOF-MS metabolomics to complement previous LC-MS analyses on nonhuman primate biofluids (urine and serum) 7 days after exposure to 2, 4, 6, 7, and 10 Gy IR. Multivariate data analysis was used to visualize differences between control and IR exposed groups. Univariate analysis was used to determine a combined 26 biomarkers in urine and serum that significantly changed after exposure to IR. We found several metabolites involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle function, amino acid metabolism, and host microbiota that were not previously detected by global and targeted LC-MS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L. Pannkuk
- Tumor Biology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Simon Authier
- CiToxLAB North America, Laval, Quebec H7V 4B3, Canada
| | - Karen Wong
- CiToxLAB North America, Laval, Quebec H7V 4B3, Canada
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Tumor Biology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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14
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Pannkuk EL, Fornace AJ, Laiakis EC. Metabolomic applications in radiation biodosimetry: exploring radiation effects through small molecules. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1151-1176. [PMID: 28067089 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1269218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure of the general population to ionizing radiation has increased in the past decades, primarily due to long distance travel and medical procedures. On the other hand, accidental exposures, nuclear accidents, and elevated threats of terrorism with the potential detonation of a radiological dispersal device or improvised nuclear device in a major city, all have led to increased needs for rapid biodosimetry and assessment of exposure to different radiation qualities and scenarios. Metabolomics, the qualitative and quantitative assessment of small molecules in a given biological specimen, has emerged as a promising technology to allow for rapid determination of an individual's exposure level and metabolic phenotype. Advancements in mass spectrometry techniques have led to untargeted (discovery phase, global assessment) and targeted (quantitative phase) methods not only to identify biomarkers of radiation exposure, but also to assess general perturbations of metabolism with potential long-term consequences, such as cancer, cardiovascular, and pulmonary disease. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics of radiation exposure has provided a highly informative snapshot of metabolic dysregulation. Biomarkers in easily accessible biofluids and biospecimens (urine, blood, saliva, sebum, fecal material) from mouse, rat, and minipig models, to non-human primates and humans have provided the basis for determination of a radiation signature to assess the need for medical intervention. Here we provide a comprehensive description of the current status of radiation metabolomic studies for the purpose of rapid high-throughput radiation biodosimetry in easily accessible biofluids and discuss future directions of radiation metabolomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Pannkuk
- a Tumor Biology Program , Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University , Washington DC , USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- b Molecular Oncology , Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University , Washington DC , USA.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology , Georgetown University , Washington DC , USA
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology , Georgetown University , Washington DC , USA
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Kobayashi K, Dong R, Nicolalde RJ, Williams BB, Du G, Swartz HM, Flood AB. Evolution and Optimization of Tooth Models for Testing In Vivo EPR Tooth Dosimetry. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:152-160. [PMID: 27555657 PMCID: PMC5225979 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Testing and verification are an integral part of any cycle to design, manufacture and improve a novel device intended for use in humans. In the case of testing Dartmouth's electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in vivo tooth dosimetry device, in vitro studies are needed throughout its development to test its performance, i.e. to verify its current capability for assessing dose in individuals potentially exposed to ionizing radiation. Since the EPR device uses the enamel of human teeth to assess dose, models that include human teeth have been an integral mechanism to carry out in vitro studies during development and testing its ability to meet performance standards for its ultimate intended in vivo use. As the instrument improves over time, new demands for in vitro studies change as well. This paper describes the tooth models used to perform in vitro studies and their evolution to meet the changing demands for testing in vivo EPR tooth dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Kobayashi
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, HB 7785, Williamson Translational Research Bldg. Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ruhong Dong
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, HB 7785, Williamson Translational Research Bldg. Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Benjamin B Williams
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, HB 7785, Williamson Translational Research Bldg. Lebanon, NH, USA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Gaixin Du
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, HB 7785, Williamson Translational Research Bldg. Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Harold M Swartz
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, HB 7785, Williamson Translational Research Bldg. Lebanon, NH, USA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ann Barry Flood
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, HB 7785, Williamson Translational Research Bldg. Lebanon, NH, USA
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Flood AB, Williams BB, Schreiber W, Du G, Wood VA, Kmiec MM, Petryakov SV, Demidenko E, Swartz HM. Advances in in vivo EPR Tooth BIOdosimetry: Meeting the targets for initial triage following a large-scale radiation event. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:72-80. [PMID: 27421468 PMCID: PMC5225975 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Several important recent advances in the development and evolution of in vivo Tooth Biodosimetry using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) allow its performance to meet or exceed the U.S. targeted requirements for accuracy and ease of operation and throughput in a large-scale radiation event. Ergonomically based changes to the magnet, coupled with the development of rotation of the magnet and advanced software to automate collection of data, have made it easier and faster to make a measurement. From start to finish, measurements require a total elapsed time of 5 min, with data acquisition taking place in less than 3 min. At the same time, the accuracy of the data for triage of large populations has improved, as indicated using the metrics of sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve. Applying these standards to the intended population, EPR in vivo Tooth Biodosimetry has approximately the same diagnostic accuracy as the purported 'gold standard' (dicentric chromosome assay). Other improvements include miniaturisation of the spectrometer, leading to the creation of a significantly lighter and more compact prototype that is suitable for transporting for Point of Care (POC) operation and that can be operated off a single standard power outlet. Additional advancements in the resonator, including use of a disposable sensing loop attached to the incisor tooth, have resulted in a biodosimetry method where measurements can be made quickly with a simple 5-step workflow and by people needing only a few minutes of training (which can be built into the instrument as a training video). In sum, recent advancements allow this prototype to meet or exceed the US Federal Government's recommended targets for POC biodosimetry in large-scale events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Barry Flood
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Benjamin B Williams
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Dept. of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Wilson Schreiber
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Gaixin Du
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Victoria A Wood
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Maciej M Kmiec
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Sergey V Petryakov
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Eugene Demidenko
- Dept. of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Harold M Swartz
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Dept. of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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