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Kosarnia M, Bahreyni-Toossi MT, Gholamhosseinian H, Dolat E, Fakour-Mollaee P, Azimian H. Establishment and validation of a calibration curve for dicentric chromosome induced by 6MV X-ray. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:1410-1415. [PMID: 37448196 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Radiation during radiotherapy and nuclear accidents is currently one of the biggest concerns for the international community. Biological dosimetry examines the amount of damage caused by radiation at the cellular level by quantifying a radiation biomarker. In particular, the dicentric chromosome assay is a biodosimetric technique that can quantify radiation damage by correlating radiation dose exposure with the frequency of dicentric chromosomes in the peripheral lymphocytes extracted from exposed individuals. This study aims to present of the reference dose-response calibration curve for biodosimetry laboratory of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (north-east of Iran). In all, 40 samples of peripheral blood from four healthy volunteers were irradiated at doses of 0-5 Gray in a customised water phantom using a 6 MV X-rays at dose rate of 2 Gy/min from a linear accelerator. The irradiated samples were cultured and analysed according to the International Atomic Energy Agency Cytogenetic Dosimetry Protocol (2011) with some modifications. Linear-quadratic model curve fitting and further statistical analysis were done using Chromosome Aberration Calculation Software Version 2.0 and Dose Estimate (Version 5.2). The curve equation obtained was ${Y}_{dic}=0.0533{D}^2+0.0231D+0.0001$ and was in the range of other studies. Validation of the calibration curve was done by estimating the dose of blind samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Kosarnia
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9138813944, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Gholamhosseinian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9138813944, Iran
| | - Elham Dolat
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9138813944, Iran
| | - Parisa Fakour-Mollaee
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9138813944, Iran
| | - Hosein Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9138813944, Iran
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Ghandhi SA, Morton SR, Shuryak I, Lee Y, Soni RK, Perrier JR, Bakke J, Gahagan J, Bujold K, Authier S, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ, Nishita D, Chang P, Turner HC. Longitudinal multi-omic changes in the transcriptome and proteome of peripheral blood cells after a 4 Gy total body radiation dose to Rhesus macaques. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:139. [PMID: 36944971 PMCID: PMC10031949 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-human primates, such as Rhesus macaques, are a powerful model for studies of the cellular and physiological effects of radiation, development of radiation biodosimetry, and for understanding the impact of radiation on human health. Here, we study the effects of 4 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) at the molecular level out to 28 days and at the cytogenetic level out to 56 days after exposure. We combine the global transcriptomic and proteomic responses in peripheral whole blood to assess the impact of acute TBI exposure at extended times post irradiation. RESULTS The overall mRNA response in the first week reflects a strong inflammatory reaction, infection response with neutrophil and platelet activation. At 1 week, cell cycle arrest and re-entry processes were enriched among mRNA changes, oncogene-induced senescence and MAPK signaling among the proteome changes. Influenza life cycle and infection pathways initiated earlier in mRNA and are reflected among the proteomic changes during the first week. Transcription factor proteins SRC, TGFβ and NFATC2 were immediately induced at 1 day after irradiation with increased transcriptional activity as predicted by mRNA changes persisting up to 1 week. Cell counts revealed a mild / moderate hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) reaction to irradiation with expected lymphopenia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia that resolved within 30 days. Measurements of micronuclei per binucleated cell levels in cytokinesis-blocked T-lymphocytes remained high in the range 0.27-0.33 up to 28 days and declined to 0.1 by day 56. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we show that the TBI 4 Gy dose in NHPs induces many cellular changes that persist up to 1 month after exposure, consistent with damage, death, and repopulation of blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaz A. Ghandhi
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Shad R. Morton
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Rajesh K. Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY New York, 10032 USA
| | - Jay R. Perrier
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - James Bakke
- Biosciences Division, SRI, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Janet Gahagan
- Biosciences Division, SRI, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Kim Bujold
- Charles River Laboratory, 445 Armand-Grappier Blvd, (QC) H7V 4B3 Laval, Canada
| | - Simon Authier
- Charles River Laboratory, 445 Armand-Grappier Blvd, (QC) H7V 4B3 Laval, Canada
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Denise Nishita
- Biosciences Division, SRI, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Polly Chang
- Biosciences Division, SRI, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
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Urine metabolomics based prediction model approach for radiation exposure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16063. [PMID: 32999294 PMCID: PMC7527994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The radiological incidents and terrorism have demanded the need for the development of rapid, precise, and non-invasive technique for detection and quantification of exposed dose of radiation. Though radiation induced metabolic markers have been thoroughly investigated, but reproducibility still needs to be elucidated. The present study aims at assessing the reliability and reproducibility of markers using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and further deriving a logistic regression model based on these markers. C57BL/6 male mice (8–10 weeks) whole body γ-irradiated and sham irradiated controls were used. Urine samples collected at 24 h post dose were investigated using high resolution NMR spectroscopy and the datasets were analyzed using multivariate analysis. Fifteen distinguishable metabolites and 3 metabolic pathways (TCA cycle, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis) were found to be amended. ROC curve and logistic regression was used to establish a diagnostic model as Logit (p) = log (p/1 − p) = −0.498 + 13.771 (tau) − 3.412 (citrate) − 34.461 (α-KG) + 515.183 (fumarate) with a sensitivity and specificity of 1.00 and 0.964 respectively. The findings demonstrate the proof of concept and the potential of NMR based metabolomics to establish a prediction model that can be implemented as a promising mass screening tool during triage.
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Lusiyanti Y, Syaifudin M, Budiantari T, Purnami S, Ramadhani D. Development of Dose-Response Calibration Curve for Dicentric Chromosome Induced by X-Rays. Genome Integr 2019; 10:2. [PMID: 31391915 PMCID: PMC6659407 DOI: 10.4103/genint.genint_1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome aberration is a biomarker that has been used as a standard tool in biological dosimetry (biodosimetry) of individuals after exposure to ionizing radiation. It is based mainly on the induction of dicentric chromosomes - one of the radiation-induced biological effects, in order to correlate them with radiation dose. In this study, a dose calibration curve for X-rays was generated by using the dicentric assay and by fitting the data to both Chromosomal Aberration Calculation Software and Dose Estimate programs to compare the output of each method. Peripheral blood samples from four nonsmoker healthy donors were irradiated with various doses ranging from 0 to 4 Gy with 250 kV or 122 keV X-rays at a dose rate of 0.17 Gy/min. The irradiated blood was cultured, harvested, and analyzed according to the standard procedure as described by the International Atomic Energy Agency with slight modifications. The dose-response calibration data for dicentrics were fitted with the linear-quadratic model (Ydic = 0.03987D2 + 0.00651D). The dose-response calibration curve obtained in this research was comparable to other estimations with similar radiation quality and dose rates. The results in this research convinced us in sustaining a biodosimetry using a dose-response calibration curve in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanti Lusiyanti
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mukh Syaifudin
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tuti Budiantari
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sofiati Purnami
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Ramadhani
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Mendes ME, Mendonça JCG, Barquinero JF, Higueras M, Gonzalez JE, Andrade AMG, Silva LM, Nascimento AMS, Lima JCF, Silva JCG, Hwang S, Melo AMMA, Santos N, Lima FF. Comparative study of micronucleus assays and dicentric plus ring chromosomes for dose assessment in particular cases of partial-body exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1058-1071. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1607606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana E. Mendes
- Regional Center of Nuclear Sciences of the Northeast (CRCN-NE), Recife, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Joan F. Barquinero
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manuel Higueras
- Department of Mathematics and Computation, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Aida M. G. Andrade
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Laís M. Silva
- Regional Center of Nuclear Sciences of the Northeast (CRCN-NE), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Julianne C. F. Lima
- Regional Center of Nuclear Sciences of the Northeast (CRCN-NE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Júlio C. G. Silva
- Regional Center of Nuclear Sciences of the Northeast (CRCN-NE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Suy Hwang
- Regional Center of Nuclear Sciences of the Northeast (CRCN-NE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana M. M. A. Melo
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Neide Santos
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fabiana F. Lima
- Regional Center of Nuclear Sciences of the Northeast (CRCN-NE), Recife, Brazil
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King GL, Sandgren DJ, Mitchell JM, Bolduc DL, Blakely WF. System for Scoring Severity of Acute Radiation Syndrome Response in Rhesus Macaques ( Macaca mulatta). Comp Med 2018; 68:474-488. [PMID: 30305197 PMCID: PMC6310201 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-17-000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We developed a clinical assessment tool for use in an NHP radiation model to 1) quantify severity responses for subsyndromes of the acute radiation syndrome (ARS; that is, hematopoietic and others) and 2) identify animals that required enhanced monitoring. Our assessment tool was based primarily on the MEdical TREatment ProtocOLs for Radiation Accident Victims (METREPOL) scoring system but was adapted for NHP to include additional indices (for example, behaviors) for use in NHP studies involving limited medical intervention. Male (n = 16) and female (n = 12) rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta; 5 groups: sham and 1.0, 3.5, 6.5, and 8.5 Gy; n = 6 per group) received sham- or bilateral 60Co γ-irradiation at approximately 0.6 Gy/mn. Clinical signs of ARS and blood analysis were obtained before and serially for clinical assessment during the period of 6 h to 60 d after sham or 60Co irradiation. Minimal supportive care (that is, supplemental nutrition, subcutaneous fluid, loperamide, acetaminophen, and topical antibiotic ointment) was prescribed based on clinical observations. Results from clinical signs and assays for assessment of relevant organ systems in individual animals were stratified into ARS severity scores of normal (0), mild (1), moderate (2), and severe (3 or 4). Individual NHP were scored for maximal subsyndrome ARS severity in multiple organ systems by using the proposed ARS scoring system to obtain an overall ARS response category. One NHP died unexpectedly. The multiple-parameter ARS severity scoring tool aided in the identification of animals in the high-dose (6.5 and 8.5 Gy) groups that required enhanced monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L King
- Departments of Scientific Research, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David J Sandgren
- Departments of Scientific Research, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer M Mitchell
- Departments of Veterinary Sciences, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David L Bolduc
- Departments of Scientific Research, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William F Blakely
- Departments of Scientific Research, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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7
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Moroni M, Port M, Gulani J, Chappell M, Abend M. Significance of Bioindicators for Early Predictions on Diagnosis and Therapy of Irradiated Minipigs. HEALTH PHYSICS 2016; 111:160-168. [PMID: 27356060 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Decisions on whether to start a therapeutic intervention for management of the Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) should be made early after exposure, and it should be based on readily available clinical signs and laboratory parameters. Here, the authors use the minipig to assess if early prediction of the later developing clinical outcome and necessity of therapeutic interventions can be determined within the first 3 d after exposure and whether it is comparable to human data. Retrospective analysis of data accumulated in the period 2009-2012 was used. Male Göttingen minipigs (age 4-5 mo, weight 9-10 kg) were irradiated (or sham-irradiated) bilaterally with gamma-photons (Co, 0.5-0.6 Gy min) in the dose range of 1.6-12 Gy. Complete blood counts, serum chemistry, and clinical symptoms were collected up to 60 d after irradiation in untreated minipigs. Changes in these early parameters (up to 3 d after exposure) were correlated with later occurrence (10-60 d after irradiation) of (1) hematological severity scores, (2) severe thrombocytopenia, (3) severe neutropenia, as well as need for (4) therapeutic intervention, (5) administration of cytokines/antibiotics, or (6) thrombocyte transfusions. Binary endpoints were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and calculating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Most predictive were decreased lymphocyte counts and increases in body temperature at 3 h after irradiation. These data corroborate earlier findings performed on human radiation victims suffering from severe hematological syndrome and provide further evidence for the suitability of the minipig model as a potential alternative non-rodent animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moroni
- *Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD; †Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany; ‡The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD 20817; §Veterinary Science Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda MD
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8
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Flood AB, Ali AN, Boyle HK, Du G, Satinsky VA, Swarts SG, Williams BB, Demidenko E, Schreiber W, Swartz HM. Evaluating the Special Needs of The Military for Radiation Biodosimetry for Tactical Warfare Against Deployed Troops: Comparing Military to Civilian Needs for Biodosimetry Methods. HEALTH PHYSICS 2016; 111:169-82. [PMID: 27356061 PMCID: PMC4930006 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to delineate characteristics of biodosimetry most suitable for assessing individuals who have potentially been exposed to significant radiation from a nuclear device explosion when the primary population targeted by the explosion and needing rapid assessment for triage is civilians vs. deployed military personnel. The authors first carry out a systematic analysis of the requirements for biodosimetry to meet the military's needs to assess deployed troops in a warfare situation, which include accomplishing the military mission. Then the military's special capabilities to respond and carry out biodosimetry for deployed troops in warfare are compared and contrasted systematically, in contrast to those available to respond and conduct biodosimetry for civilians who have been targeted by terrorists, for example. Then the effectiveness of different biodosimetry methods to address military vs. civilian needs and capabilities in these scenarios was compared and, using five representative types of biodosimetry with sufficient published data to be useful for the simulations, the number of individuals are estimated who could be assessed by military vs. civilian responders within the timeframe needed for triage decisions. Analyses based on these scenarios indicate that, in comparison to responses for a civilian population, a wartime military response for deployed troops has both more complex requirements for and greater capabilities to use different types of biodosimetry to evaluate radiation exposure in a very short timeframe after the exposure occurs. Greater complexity for the deployed military is based on factors such as a greater likelihood of partial or whole body exposure, conditions that include exposure to neutrons, and a greater likelihood of combined injury. These simulations showed, for both the military and civilian response, that a very fast rate of initiating the processing (24,000 d) is needed to have at least some methods capable of completing the assessment of 50,000 people within a 2- or 6-d timeframe following exposure. This in turn suggests a very high capacity (i.e., laboratories, devices, supplies and expertise) would be necessary to achieve these rates. These simulations also demonstrated the practical importance of the military's superior capacity to minimize time to transport samples to offsite facilities and use the results to carry out triage quickly. Assuming sufficient resources and the fastest daily rate to initiate processing victims, the military scenario revealed that two biodosimetry methods could achieve the necessary throughput to triage 50,000 victims in 2 d (i.e., the timeframe needed for injured victims), and all five achieved the targeted throughput within 6 d. In contrast, simulations based on the civilian scenario revealed that no method could process 50,000 people in 2 d and only two could succeed within 6 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Barry Flood
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Arif N. Ali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Holly K. Boyle
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Gaixin Du
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | | | - Steven G. Swarts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Benjamin B. Williams
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
- Radiation Oncology Division, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Eugene Demidenko
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Wilson Schreiber
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Harold M. Swartz
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
- Radiation Oncology Division, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
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Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Authier S, Wong K, Fornace AJ. Targeted Metabolomics of Nonhuman Primate Serum after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Potential Tools for High-throughput Biodosimetry. RSC Adv 2016; 6:51192-51202. [PMID: 28367319 PMCID: PMC5373493 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07757a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for research to rapidly determine an individual's absorbed dose and its potential health effects after a potential radiological or nuclear event that could expose large portions of a population to ionizing radiation (IR). Studies on biomarker identification after radiation exposure could aid in biodosimetry, identifying individual dose absorbed, as well as biologic response, and administering immediate and proper medical care. Metabolomics on easily accessible biofluids is an emerging field with potential for high-throughput biodosimetry. While tremendous effort has been put into obtaining discovery based global radiation signatures from a number of biofluids and model organisms, quantitative targeted analysis on a subset of known radiation biomarkers is required to develop an optimized panel of biomarkers for future clinical applications. The current study analyzes levels of several known broad chemical groups (acylcarnitines, amino acids, phosphatidylcholines, and biogenic amines) affected by IR in serum from nonhuman primates (NHP) 7 days after exposure through multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) platform. We identified several novel metabolites affected by IR exposure through univariate and unsupervised multivariate analyses. Levels of acylcarnitines, amino acids, and phospholipids were perturbed indicating altered protein metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation, and inflammation. Fold changes in carnitine and short-chain acylcarnitines (acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine, butyrylcarnitine, and valerylcarnitine) complement previous global radiation signatures on NHP; notably, the levels of change were lower than previously observed in urine. Decreased levels of glutamate, citrulline, and arginine after IR are biomarkers indicating gastrointestinal syndrome and perturbations to the urea cycle. Sex differences were also assessed and were more prevalent in circulating acylcarnitines and phospholipids after IR exposure. These biomarkers may be combined with previously described compounds from DNA damage to develop a defined metabolomic biodosimetry panel to be analyzed by MS platforms, which are increasingly available in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L. Pannkuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Acharya SS, Fendler W, Watson J, Hamilton A, Pan Y, Gaudiano E, Moskwa P, Bhanja P, Saha S, Guha C, Parmar K, Chowdhury D. Serum microRNAs are early indicators of survival after radiation-induced hematopoietic injury. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:287ra69. [PMID: 25972001 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa6593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accidental radiation exposure is a threat to human health that necessitates effective clinical planning and diagnosis. Minimally invasive biomarkers that can predict long-term radiation injury are urgently needed for optimal management after a radiation accident. We have identified serum microRNA (miRNA) signatures that indicate long-term impact of total body irradiation (TBI) in mice when measured within 24 hours of exposure. Impact of TBI on the hematopoietic system was systematically assessed to determine a correlation of residual hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with increasing doses of radiation. Serum miRNA signatures distinguished untreated mice from animals exposed to radiation and correlated with the impact of radiation on HSCs. Mice exposed to sublethal (6.5 Gy) and lethal (8 Gy) doses of radiation were indistinguishable for 3 to 4 weeks after exposure. A serum miRNA signature detectable 24 hours after radiation exposure consistently segregated these two cohorts. Furthermore, using either a radioprotective agent before, or radiation mitigation after, lethal radiation, we determined that the serum miRNA signature correlated with the impact of radiation on animal health rather than the radiation dose. Last, using humanized mice that had been engrafted with human CD34(+) HSCs, we determined that the serum miRNA signature indicated radiation-induced injury to the human bone marrow cells. Our data suggest that serum miRNAs can serve as functional dosimeters of radiation, representing a potential breakthrough in early assessment of radiation-induced hematopoietic damage and timely use of medical countermeasures to mitigate the long-term impact of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket S Acharya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 91-738, Poland
| | - Jacqueline Watson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Abigail Hamilton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yunfeng Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emily Gaudiano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Patryk Moskwa
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Medical University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Payel Bhanja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Subhrajit Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kalindi Parmar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Menon SS, Uppal M, Randhawa S, Cheema MS, Aghdam N, Usala RL, Ghosh SP, Cheema AK, Dritschilo A. Radiation Metabolomics: Current Status and Future Directions. Front Oncol 2016; 6:20. [PMID: 26870697 PMCID: PMC4736121 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) disrupts normal metabolic processes in cells and organs by inducing complex biological responses that interfere with gene and protein expression. Conventional dosimetry, monitoring of prodromal symptoms, and peripheral lymphocyte counts are of limited value as organ- and tissue-specific biomarkers for personnel exposed to radiation, particularly, weeks or months after exposure. Analysis of metabolites generated in known stress-responsive pathways by molecular profiling helps to predict the physiological status of an individual in response to environmental or genetic perturbations. Thus, a multi-metabolite profile obtained from a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics platform offers potential for identification of robust biomarkers to predict radiation toxicity of organs and tissues resulting from exposures to therapeutic or non-therapeutic IR. Here, we review the status of radiation metabolomics and explore applications as a standalone technology, as well as its integration in systems biology, to facilitate a better understanding of the molecular basis of radiation response. Finally, we draw attention to the identification of specific pathways that can be targeted for the development of therapeutics to alleviate or mitigate harmful effects of radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi S Menon
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Medha Uppal
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Subeena Randhawa
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Mehar S Cheema
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Nima Aghdam
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Rachel L Usala
- School of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Sanchita P Ghosh
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Anatoly Dritschilo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
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Jones JW, Tudor G, Li F, Tong Y, Katz B, Farese AM, MacVittie TJ, Booth C, Kane MA. Citrulline as a Biomarker in the Murine Total-Body Irradiation Model: Correlation of Circulating and Tissue Citrulline to Small Intestine Epithelial Histopathology. HEALTH PHYSICS 2015; 109:452-65. [PMID: 26425905 PMCID: PMC4727745 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of plasma citrulline as a biomarker for gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome via exposure to total-body irradiation in a murine model was investigated. The radiation exposure covered lethal, mid-lethal, and sub-lethal gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome. Plasma citrulline profiles were generated over the first 6 d following total-body irradiation exposure of 6-15 Gy. In addition, plasma citrulline was comprehensively evaluated in the context of matching small intestine citrulline and histopathology. Higher plasma citrulline was significantly associated with lower irradiation doses over the first 6 d following the irradiation insult. Furthermore, higher plasma citrulline was significantly associated with higher crypt survival. The correlation of the plasma citrulline to crypt survival was more robust for higher irradiation doses and for later time points. The data suggested plasma citrulline was most informative for reflecting gastrointestinal injury resulting from exposure to 9-15 Gy total-body irradiation covering time-points 2-5 d post the irradiation insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jace W. Jones
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Fei Li
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yan Tong
- Indiana University, School of Medicine and Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Barry Katz
- Indiana University, School of Medicine and Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ann M. Farese
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas J. MacVittie
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Maureen A. Kane
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
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13
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Jones JW, Bennett A, Carter CL, Tudor G, Hankey KG, Farese AM, Booth C, MacVittie TJ, Kane MA. Citrulline as a Biomarker in the Non-human Primate Total- and Partial-body Irradiation Models: Correlation of Circulating Citrulline to Acute and Prolonged Gastrointestinal Injury. HEALTH PHYSICS 2015; 109:440-51. [PMID: 26425904 PMCID: PMC4593331 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of plasma citrulline as a biomarker for acute and prolonged gastrointestinal injury via exposure to total- and partial-body irradiation (6 MV LINAC-derived photons; 0.80 Gy min) in nonhuman primate models was investigated. The irradiation exposure covered gastrointestinal injuries spanning lethal, mid-lethal, and sub-lethal doses. The acute gastrointestinal injury was assessed via measurement of plasma citrulline and small intestinal histopathology over the first 15 d following radiation exposure and included total-body irradiation at 13.0 Gy, 10.5 Gy, and 7.5 Gy and partial-body irradiation at 11.0 Gy with 5% bone marrow sparing. The dosing schemes of 7.5 Gy total-body irradiation and 11.0 Gy partial-body irradiation included time points out to day 60 and day 180, respectively, which allowed for correlation of plasma citrulline to prolonged gastrointestinal injury and survival. Plasma citrulline values were radiation-dependent for all radiation doses under consideration, with nadir values ranging from 63-80% lower than radiation-naïve NHP plasma. The nadir values were observed at day 5 to 7 post irradiation. Longitudinal plasma citrulline profiles demonstrated prolonged gastrointestinal injury resulting from acute high-dose irradiation had long lasting effects on enterocyte function. Moreover, plasma citrulline did not discriminate between total-body or partial-body irradiation over the first 15 d following irradiation and was not predictive of survival based on the radiation models considered herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jace W. Jones
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alexander Bennett
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Claire L. Carter
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Kim G. Hankey
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ann M. Farese
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Thomas J. MacVittie
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
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14
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Flood AB, Boyle HK, Du G, Demidenko E, Nicolalde RJ, Williams BB, Swartz HM. Advances in a framework to compare bio-dosimetry methods for triage in large-scale radiation events. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2014; 159:77-86. [PMID: 24729594 PMCID: PMC4067227 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Planning and preparation for a large-scale nuclear event would be advanced by assessing the applicability of potentially available bio-dosimetry methods. Using an updated comparative framework the performance of six bio-dosimetry methods was compared for five different population sizes (100-1,000,000) and two rates for initiating processing of the marker (15 or 15,000 people per hour) with four additional time windows. These updated factors are extrinsic to the bio-dosimetry methods themselves but have direct effects on each method's ability to begin processing individuals and the size of the population that can be accommodated. The results indicate that increased population size, along with severely compromised infrastructure, increases the time needed to triage, which decreases the usefulness of many time intensive dosimetry methods. This framework and model for evaluating bio-dosimetry provides important information for policy-makers and response planners to facilitate evaluation of each method and should advance coordination of these methods into effective triage plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Barry Flood
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, EPR Center, Hanover, NH 03768, USA
| | - Holly K Boyle
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, EPR Center, Hanover, NH 03768, USA
| | - Gaixin Du
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, EPR Center, Hanover, NH 03768, USA
| | - Eugene Demidenko
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, EPR Center, Hanover, NH 03768, USA
| | | | | | - Harold M Swartz
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, EPR Center, Hanover, NH 03768, USA
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Osovets SV, Sotnik NV, Meineke V, Scherthan H, Dörr H, Azizova TV. Threshold limits for biological indication of prolonged radiation exposure using mFISH. HEALTH PHYSICS 2014; 106:677-681. [PMID: 24776899 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome aberration (translocation) yield was investigated by mFISH in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Mayak Production Association (PA) workers with prolonged occupational exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). A dose threshold for cytogenetic indication of a prolonged occupational radiation exposure was estimated for Mayak PA workers using functions of dose distributions. Two limits were estimated for the indication of IR exposure to workers with a prolonged external gamma-ray exposure: These are a background translocation yield of N₀ = 0.812 ± 0.149% and a dose threshold of indication D₀ estimated to be approximately 1 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Osovets
- *Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), 456780 Ozyorsk, Russian Federation; † Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, GER
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Sullivan JM, Prasanna PGS, Grace MB, Wathen L, Wallace RL, Koerner JF, Coleman CN. Assessment of biodosimetry methods for a mass-casualty radiological incident: medical response and management considerations. HEALTH PHYSICS 2013; 105:540-54. [PMID: 24162058 PMCID: PMC3810609 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e31829cf221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Following a mass-casualty nuclear disaster, effective medical triage has the potential to save tens of thousands of lives. In order to best use the available scarce resources, there is an urgent need for biodosimetry tools to determine an individual's radiation dose. Initial triage for radiation exposure will include location during the incident, symptoms, and physical examination. Stepwise triage will include point of care assessment of less than or greater than 2 Gy, followed by secondary assessment, possibly with high throughput screening, to further define an individual's dose. Given the multisystem nature of radiation injury, it is unlikely that any single biodosimetry assay can be used as a standalone tool to meet the surge in capacity with the timeliness and accuracy needed. As part of the national preparedness and planning for a nuclear or radiological incident, the authors reviewed the primary literature to determine the capabilities and limitations of a number of biodosimetry assays currently available or under development for use in the initial and secondary triage of patients. Understanding the requirements from a response standpoint and the capability and logistics for the various assays will help inform future biodosimetry technology development and acquisition. Factors considered include: type of sample required, dose detection limit, time interval when the assay is feasible biologically, time for sample preparation and analysis, ease of use, logistical requirements, potential throughput, point-of-care capability, and the ability to support patient diagnosis and treatment within a therapeutically relevant time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Sullivan
- Office of Preparedness and Emergency Operations, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
- AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow, Washington DC
| | - Pataje G. S. Prasanna
- Radia on Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marcy B. Grace
- Biomedical Advanced Research & Development Authority, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
| | - Lynne Wathen
- Biomedical Advanced Research & Development Authority, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
| | - Rodney L. Wallace
- Biomedical Advanced Research & Development Authority, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
| | - John F. Koerner
- Office of Preparedness and Emergency Operations, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
| | - C. Norman Coleman
- Office of Preparedness and Emergency Operations, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
- Radia on Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Hérodin F, Richard S, Grenier N, Arvers P, Gérome P, Baugé S, Denis J, Chaussard H, Gouard S, Mayol JF, Agay D, Drouet M. Assessment of total- and partial-body irradiation in a baboon model: preliminary results of a kinetic study including clinical, physical, and biological parameters. HEALTH PHYSICS 2012; 103:143-149. [PMID: 22951472 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e3182475e54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This biodosimetry study used irradiated baboons to investigate the efficacy of a kinetic multiparameter (clinical, physical, and biological) approach for discriminating partial-body irradiation (PBI) and total-body irradiation (TBI). Animals were unilaterally (front) exposed to 60Co gamma rays (8 to 32 cGy min) using either TBI or vertical left hemi-body irradiation (HBI), as follows: 2.5 Gy TBI (n = 2), 5 Gy TBI (n = 2), 5 Gy HBI (n = 2), and 10 Gy HBI (n = 2). Midline tissue doses were measured at the anterior iliac crest level with an ionization chamber, and body dosimetry was performed using thermoluminescent dosimeters. Blood samples were collected before exposure and from 1 h until 200 d after irradiation. Clinical status, complete blood cell count, biochemical parameters, and cytogenetic analysis were evaluated. The partial least square discriminant analysis chosen for statistical analysis showed that the four groups of irradiated baboons were clearly separated. However, the dicentric chromosome assay may not distinguish HBI from TBI in confounding situations where equivalent whole-body doses are similar and the time of exposure is sufficient for peripheral blood lymphocyte homogenization. Interestingly, as bone marrow shielding in HBI animals prevented aplasia from happening, hematologic parameters such as the platelet count and Flt-3 ligand level helped to distinguish HBI and TBI. Moreover, the ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte counts, creatine kinase, and citrulline levels may be discriminating biomarkers of dose or injury. Both early and delayed clinical signs and bioindicators appear to be useful for assessment of heterogeneous irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Hérodin
- Department of Radiobiology, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, La Tronche, France.
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Flood AB, Nicolalde RJ, Demidenko E, Williams BB, Shapiro A, Wiley AL, Swartz HM. A Framework for Comparative Evaluation of Dosimetric Methods to Triage a Large Population Following a Radiological Event. RADIAT MEAS 2011; 46:916-922. [PMID: 21949481 PMCID: PMC3178340 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To prepare for a possible major radiation disaster involving large numbers of potentially exposed people, it is important to be able to rapidly and accurately triage people for treatment or not, factoring in the likely conditions and available resources. To date, planners have had to create guidelines for triage based on methods for estimating dose that are clinically available and which use evidence extrapolated from unrelated conditions. Current guidelines consequently focus on measuring clinical symptoms (e.g., time-to-vomiting), which may not be subject to the same verification of standard methods and validation processes required for governmental approval processes of new and modified procedures. Biodosimeters under development have not yet been formally approved for this use. Neither set of methods has been tested in settings involving large-scale populations at risk for exposure. OBJECTIVE: To propose a framework for comparative evaluation of methods for such triage and to evaluate biodosimetric methods that are currently recommended and new methods as they are developed. METHODS: We adapt the NIH model of scientific evaluations and sciences needed for effective translational research to apply to biodosimetry for triaging very large populations following a radiation event. We detail criteria for translating basic science about dosimetry into effective multi-stage triage of large populations and illustrate it by analyzing 3 current guidelines and 3 advanced methods for biodosimetry. CONCLUSIONS: This framework for evaluating dosimetry in large populations is a useful technique to compare the strengths and weaknesses of different dosimetry methods. It can help policy-makers and planners not only to compare the methods' strengths and weaknesses for their intended use but also to develop an integrated approach to maximize their effectiveness. It also reveals weaknesses in methods that would benefit from further research and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Barry Flood
- Dartmouth Physically Based Biodosimetry Center for Medical Countermeasures Against Radiation (Dart-Dose CMCR), Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03768 USA
| | - Roberto J. Nicolalde
- Dartmouth Physically Based Biodosimetry Center for Medical Countermeasures Against Radiation (Dart-Dose CMCR), Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03768 USA
| | - Eugene Demidenko
- Dartmouth Physically Based Biodosimetry Center for Medical Countermeasures Against Radiation (Dart-Dose CMCR), Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03768 USA
| | - Benjamin B. Williams
- Dartmouth Physically Based Biodosimetry Center for Medical Countermeasures Against Radiation (Dart-Dose CMCR), Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03768 USA
| | - Alla Shapiro
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Rockville, MD USA
| | - Albert L. Wiley
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Harold M. Swartz
- Dartmouth Physically Based Biodosimetry Center for Medical Countermeasures Against Radiation (Dart-Dose CMCR), Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03768 USA
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Swartz HM, Williams BB, Nicolalde RJ, Demidenko E, Flood AB. Overview of biodosimetry for management of unplanned exposures to ionizing radiation. RADIAT MEAS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Swartz HM, Flood AB, Gougelet RM, Rea ME, Nicolalde RJ, Williams BB. A critical assessment of biodosimetry methods for large-scale incidents. HEALTH PHYSICS 2010; 98:95-108. [PMID: 20065671 PMCID: PMC4086260 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e3181b8cffd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recognition is growing regarding the possibility that terrorism or large-scale accidents could result in potential radiation exposure of hundreds of thousands of people and that the present guidelines for evaluation after such an event are seriously deficient. Therefore, there is a great and urgent need for after-the-fact biodosimetric methods to estimate radiation dose. To accomplish this goal, the dose estimates must be at the individual level, timely, accurate, and plausibly obtained in large-scale disasters. This paper evaluates current biodosimetry methods, focusing on their strengths and weaknesses in estimating human radiation exposure in large-scale disasters at three stages. First, the authors evaluate biodosimetry's ability to determine which individuals did not receive a significant exposure so they can be removed from the acute response system. Second, biodosimetry's capacity to classify those initially assessed as needing further evaluation into treatment-level categories is assessed. Third, we review biodosimetry's ability to guide treatment, both short- and long-term, is reviewed. The authors compare biodosimetric methods that are based on physical vs. biological parameters and evaluate the features of current dosimeters (capacity, speed and ease of getting information, and accuracy) to determine which are most useful in meeting patients' needs at each of the different stages. Results indicate that the biodosimetry methods differ in their applicability to the three different stages, and that combining physical and biological techniques may sometimes be most effective. In conclusion, biodosimetry techniques have different properties, and knowledge of their properties for meeting the different needs for different stages will result in their most effective use in a nuclear disaster mass-casualty event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold M Swartz
- The EPR Center for Viable Systems, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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