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Larrousse Morellón M, López Loureiro Y, Ruiz Bilbao S. Retinal venous occlusion and its association with atherosclerotic vascular disease. Med Clin (Barc) 2024:S0025-7753(24)00196-9. [PMID: 38714470 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2024.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
Retinal venous occlusion (RVO) is the second most frequent cause of decreased visual acuity due to retinal vascular, after diabetic retinopathy. Its etiology is not completely clear. Current scientific evidence suggests that it is related to the atherosclerotic process given the high number of cardiovascular risk factors and the higher incidence of cardiovascular events in these patients. In fact, RVO implies a 45% higher risk of stroke, 26% of acute myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease, 53% of heart failure and 36% of overall mortality, compared to the general population adjusted for age, sex and the different cardiovascular risk factors. However, no increase in cardiovascular mortality has been detected. Therefore, a multidisciplinary clinical approach to this pathology is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Larrousse Morellón
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
| | - Yéssica López Loureiro
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España
| | - Susana Ruiz Bilbao
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España
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Matri KE, Werda S, Chebbi Z, Saidane R, Doukh M, Choura R, Falfoul Y, Limaiem R, Matri LE. Bilateral central retinal vein occlusion following COVID-19 vaccination: Cause or coincidence? Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:NP78-NP81. [PMID: 38291623 DOI: 10.1177/11206721241229109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM To report a case of sequential bilateral ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) following the third dose of anti-COVID 19 vaccination. METHODS Observational case report. RESULTS A 73-year-old Caucasian male patient, with no known medical history, complained of sudden vision loss in his right eye (RE) 18 days following the third dose of Pfizer-BioNTech anti-COVID 19 vaccination. Ten days later, he suffered from sudden vision loss in his left eye (LE).Best-corrected visual acuity was limited to counting fingers at 50cm in both eyes.Fundus examination of both eyes revealed signs of ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) with diffuse superficial and deep retinal hemorrhages in all four quadrants. Diagnosis was confirmed of fluorescein angiography.Optical coherent tomography (OCT) showed an ischemic hyperreflectivity and disorganization of the inner retinal layers in both eyes with significantly increased central macular thickness, associated to intraretinal fluid accumulation in LE.An urgent systemic assessment was requested. A mild hypertension was discovered and the rest of the work up was unremarkable. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, we report the first case of bilateral CRVO in a healthy patient after anti-COVID 19 vaccination. CRVO occurred few days following third shot of vaccine followed by a sequential CRVO in the fellow eye in a patient with recently diagnosed very mild hypertension and no thrombo-embolic risk factors, strongly suggesting a relationship between both events. Nowadays, CRVO should be kept in mind as a potential side effect of Covid-19 vaccination and should be added to the spectrum of their ophthalmic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El Matri
- Department of ophthalmology B, Institut Hédi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté de médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis - El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- LR14SP01, Oculogenetic laboratory, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Slim Werda
- Department of ophthalmology B, Institut Hédi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Chebbi
- Department of ophthalmology B, Institut Hédi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rahma Saidane
- Department of ophthalmology B, Institut Hédi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté de médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis - El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meryem Doukh
- Department of ophthalmology B, Institut Hédi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Racem Choura
- Department of ophthalmology B, Institut Hédi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté de médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis - El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yousra Falfoul
- Department of ophthalmology B, Institut Hédi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté de médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis - El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- LR14SP01, Oculogenetic laboratory, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rim Limaiem
- Department of ophthalmology B, Institut Hédi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté de médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis - El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- LR14SP01, Oculogenetic laboratory, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Leila El Matri
- Department of ophthalmology B, Institut Hédi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté de médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis - El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- LR14SP01, Oculogenetic laboratory, Tunis, Tunisia
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Damasceno NA, Miranda P, Bekman F, Yannuzzi NA, Lima LH, Farah ME, Flynn H, Damasceno EF. Branch retinal artery occlusion with paracentral acute middle maculopathy related to a COVID-19 infection in a patient with Anosmia. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:NP57-NP60. [PMID: 38031317 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231217129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) due to branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) as a complication of COVID-19. METHODS A case report evaluated through spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fluorescein angiography, and OCT angiography. RESULTS A 55-year-old man complained of blurred vision in the right eye. He presented with anosmia and tested positive for COVID-19 one week before. Fundus examination revealed a superior temporal whitening of the retina, SD-OCT showed a hyperreflective band-like lesion on the nuclear layer consistent with PAMM. CONCLUSION COVID-19 infection involves inflammatory and thrombotic events. Even patients with just anosmia may have complications such as BRAO associated with PAMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadyr A Damasceno
- Departament of Ophthalmology, Marcilio Dias Navy Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, Paulista Medical School, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Miranda
- Departament of Ophthalmology, Marcilio Dias Navy Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Bekman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Fluminense University, School of Medicine, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nicholas A Yannuzzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Luiz H Lima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, Paulista Medical School, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel E Farah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, Paulista Medical School, SP, Brazil
| | - Harry Flynn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo F Damasceno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Fluminense University, School of Medicine, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
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Zou H, Zhang K, Chen X, Sha S. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection: Case report and literature review. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1250. [PMID: 38661242 PMCID: PMC11044218 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a complex and multifaceted illness. COVID-19 is associated with various ocular manifestations including conjunctivitis, retinal vein occlusion and optic neuritis. However, the case of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 is infrequent, and the specific association is still unclear. CASE PRESENTATION In the present study, a 35-year-old female patient without any significant medical history presented with 1 week of bilateral blurred vision, occurring 2 weeks after a clinical course of COVID-19. Upon examination, both eyes exhibited bullous serous retinal detachments. She was diagnosed with incomplete VKH disease. Early diagnosis and treatment of VKH disease are essential for the visual prognosis of this aggressive disease. In this particular patient, ocular inflammatory signs and visual acuity improved via corticosteroid therapy. It is worth noting that the occurrence of VKH disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 is uncommon, and the specific connection between the two remains unknown. We review and summarize the clinical characteristics of VKH disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection, and discuss the potential mechanisms that may explain this phenomenon, based on similar studies previously reported. CONCLUSION Despite the unclear causality, it is important for ophthalmologists and physicians to be recognizant of the possible association between VKH disease and COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 may play a potential immunological triggering role in VKH disease. However, further in-depth research is necessary to investigate the clinical and epidemiological features, as well as the underlying mechanisms of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zou
- Department of OphthalmologyHunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of OphthalmologyHunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of OphthalmologyHunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Sha Sha
- Department of OphthalmologyHunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaHunanChina
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Li JX, Wei JCC, Wang YH, Bair H, Hsu SB, Lin CJ. RETINAL VASCULAR OCCLUSION AND COVID-19 DIAGNOSIS: A Multicenter Population-Based Study. Retina 2024; 44:345-352. [PMID: 37824812 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several ocular diseases have been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially retinal vascular occlusion. This study aimed to examine the risk of retinal vascular occlusion after COVID-19 diagnosis. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was based on 46 health care organizations in the United States using the TriNetX network. Individuals who had laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021, were included. Multivariate analysis was adjusted on age, sex, race, and comorbidities, and hazard ratio was calculated using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS A total of 1,460,634 paired individuals were enrolled for analysis. Patients with COVID-19 had a significantly higher risk of branch retinal vein occlusion (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.52) than those without COVID-19. The cumulative incidence rate of branch retinal vein occlusion was also significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 compared with those without COVID-19 (log-rank P = 0.014). Within 12 weeks after COVID-19 diagnosis, the transient effect of central retinal vein occlusion (hazard ratio 1.59, 95% confidence interval 1.15-2.17) and branch retinal vein occlusion (hazard ratio 2.11, 95% confidence interval 1.51-2.95) were observed. CONCLUSION This large-scale multicenter study demonstrated that retinal vein occlusion may be associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xing Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Henry Bair
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shu-Bai Hsu
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; and
| | - Chun-Ju Lin
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Carletti P, Shah A, Bair C, Curran C, Mai A, Patel R, Moorthy R, Villate N, Davis JL, Vitale AT, Shakoor A, Hassman L. The spectrum of COVID-19-associated chorioretinal vasculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2023; 31:101857. [PMID: 37255549 PMCID: PMC10193817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2023.101857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although conjunctivitis represents the most common ocular manifestation of COVID-19 infection, sight-threatening retinal involvement has been reported. Herein, we report and characterize with multimodal retinal imaging 5 cases of acute vision loss secondary to presumed chorioretinal vasculopathy temporally associated with COVID-19 infection with varying severity, visual morbidity, and treatment response, and review the available literature on the association between COVID-19 infection and retinal microvascular changes. Design Observational case series and literature review. Methods Multicenter case series of 5 patients who presented to academic centers and private offices with acute vision loss temporally associated with COVID-19 infection. A review of the literature was conducted using online databases. Results 10 eyes of 5 patients, 3 men and 2 women, with a mean age of 30.8 years (median 33, range 16-44) were described. All patients had a recently preceding episode of COVID-19, with symptomatology ranging from mild infection to life-threatening encephalopathy. Treatment for their retinal disease included topical, oral, intravitreal, and intravenous steroids, steroid-sparing immunosuppression, retinal photocoagulation, antivirals, and antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents. Treatment response and visual recovery ranged from complete recovery of baseline acuity to permanent vision loss and need for chronic immunosuppression. Conclusions and Importance Clinicians should be mindful of the potential for vision-threatening retinal involvement after COVID-19 infection. If found, treatment with both anti-inflammatory therapy and anticoagulation should be considered, in addition to close monitoring, as some patients with this spectrum of disease may require chronic immune suppression and/or anti-VEGF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Carletti
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aaditya Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher Bair
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Anthony Mai
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Rachel Patel
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ramana Moorthy
- Associated Vitreoretinal and Uveitis Consultants, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Natalia Villate
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Fort Lauderdale Eye Institute, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Janet L Davis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Albert T Vitale
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Akbar Shakoor
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Lynn Hassman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Premi E, Acampora R, Salmi D, Ilie IA, Pagnoncelli N, Germano F, Gandolfi G, Sanicas M, Seed A, Michael BD, Donati S, Azzolini C, Lanfranchi F. Clinical and Diagnostic Findings of Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy and Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy in the COVID-19 Era. Ophthalmologica 2023; 246:181-191. [PMID: 37573773 PMCID: PMC10614461 DOI: 10.1159/000533530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests an association between the infection from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and eye disorders. The aim of this review was to analyze the clinical presentation and diagnostic features of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) and paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) associated with COVID-19 infection. The features are then compared with previous reports regarding these retinal disorders, to recognize possible specific characteristics and to assess the role of multimodal ophthalmic imaging. SUMMARY A literature search was performed by consulting PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. The following terms were searched: "(COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR coronavirus) AND ([acute macular neuroretinopathy] OR [paracentral acute middle maculopathy])." Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) publication date from January 31, 2020 to January 31, 2022; (2) English language; (3) original research or case report; (4) free full-text availability.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in AMN patients were hyper-reflectivity (HR) of the outer plexiform layer, of the outer nuclear layer, and ellipsoid or interdigitation zones (EZ and IZ, respectively) disruption. In most cases, the presence of HR and EZ/IZ abnormalities resulted combined. When performed, OCT angiography (OCTA) identified attenuation of signal of the deep capillary plexus (DCP). The most common OCT finding in PAMM was an alteration of the inner nuclear layer, associated with other areas of HR, while no signs of EZ/IZ disruption were detected. When performed, OCTA showed the attenuation of signal of both the DCP and the superficial capillary plexus. KEY MESSAGES In this review, we reported a case series of AMN and PAMM in patients with a previous or concomitant infection from SARS-CoV-2. The microvascular changes in these cases are highlighted by the OCTA scans. Even if we are far from the determination of a direct link between COVID-19 and these retinal disorders, we could hypothesize that the vascular alterations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection could be a possible risk factor for both AMN and PAMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Premi
- Ophthalmology Unit, ASST Sette Laghi, Circolo Hospital and Macchi Foundation, Varese, Italy
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Roberto Acampora
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), Milan, Italy
- Neurology and Stroke-Unit, Hospital Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Salmi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Ingrid Andrea Ilie
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nadia Pagnoncelli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Germano
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Greta Gandolfi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Melvin Sanicas
- Clinical – Vaccines, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adam Seed
- Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Neuroimmunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, Liverpool, UK
- The NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infection, Liverpool, UK
| | - Benedict Daniel Michael
- Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Neuroimmunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, Liverpool, UK
- The NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infection, Liverpool, UK
| | - Simone Donati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Claudio Azzolini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Lanfranchi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Lendzioszek M, Mrugacz M, Bryl A, Poppe E, Zorena K. Prevention and Treatment of Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Role of Diet-A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3237. [PMID: 37513655 PMCID: PMC10383741 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal disorder. In comparison to diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration, RVO is usually an unexpected event that carries a greater psychological impact. There is strong evidence to suggest that cardiovascular diseases are the most common risk factors in this pathology and it has long been known that a higher consumption of fish, nuts, fruits, and vegetables has a protective effect against these types of conditions. In the last several years, interest in plant-based diets has grown in both the general population and in the scientific community, to the point to which it has become one of the main dietary patterns adopted in Western countries. The aim of this review is to investigate the potential impact of macro- and micronutrients on retinal vein occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Lendzioszek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Voivodship Hospital in Lomza, 18-400 Lomza, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bryl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Poppe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Voivodship Hospital in Lomza, 18-400 Lomza, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zorena
- Department of Immunobiology and Environmental Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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Li X, Cao X, Pan Z, Sun X, Bao Y. Analysis of macular structure in age-related cataract patients with different antibody levels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 vaccine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1024124. [PMID: 36439098 PMCID: PMC9683336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1024124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the macular structure of age-related cataract (ARC) patients with different antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccine injection, in order to obtain the effect of COVID-19 vaccine on the macular structure, and speculate whether the COVID-19 vaccine has adverse effects on the macular structure. Methods This retrospective study is conducted to analysis on the status of COVID-19 vaccine and the thickness of different layers at different positions in the macular area of ARC patients. In the age, sex and eye axial length matched population, in the un-injection, no-antibody, IgM and IgG positive groups after vaccination, the choroid, ganglion cell complex, nerve fiber layer and retinal thickness at different positions of ETDRS zoning in the macular area were discussed. Results A total of 164 patients (164 eyes) were included in the analysis. There were 63 males and 101 females. The average age was 65.99 ± 8.43 years. There was no significant difference in age and sex among the groups (p>0.05). The average axial length of 164 eyes was 23.56 ± 1.46mm, and no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). Non parametric test and ANOVA test for the thickness of choroid, retina, ganglion cell complex and retinal nerve fiber layer in each division of ETDRS showed no significant difference in the four groups of un-injection, no-antibody, IgM and IgG (p>0.05). There was no correlation between the antibody concentration and the thickness of macular structure (p>0.05). Conclusion There was no significant difference in the thickness of choroid, retina, ganglion cell complex and retinal fiber layer in different macular areas after COVID-19 vaccine injection. There was no linear correlation between the thickness of choroid, retina, ganglion cell complex and retinal fiber layer and the antibody concentration produced after COVID-19 vaccine injection. It suggests that the injection of COVID-19 vaccine might have no significant effect on the macular structure of eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongting Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongzhen Bao,
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10
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Terao R, Fujino R, Ahmed T. Risk Factors and Treatment Strategy for Retinal Vascular Occlusive Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6340. [PMID: 36362567 PMCID: PMC9656338 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal occlusive diseases are common diseases that can lead to visual impairment. Retinal artery occlusion and retinal vein occlusion are included in the clinical entity, but they have quite different pathophysiologies. Retinal artery occlusion is an emergent eye disorder. Retinal artery occlusion is mainly caused by thromboembolism, which frequently occurs in conjunction with life-threatening stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, prompt examinations and interventions for systemic vascular diseases are often necessary for these patients. Retinal vein occlusion is characterized by retinal hemorrhage and ischemia, which may impair visual function via several complications such as macular edema, macular ischemia, vitreous hemorrhage, and neovascular glaucoma. Even though anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy is the current established first-line of treatment for retinal vein occlusion, several clinical studies have been performed to identify better treatment protocols and new therapeutic options. In this review, we summarize the current findings and advances in knowledge regarding retinal occlusive diseases, particularly focusing on recent studies, in order to provide an update for a better understanding of its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Terao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryosuke Fujino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Tazbir Ahmed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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11
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D’Alessandro E, Kawasaki A, Eandi CM. Pathogenesis of Vascular Retinal Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2710. [PMID: 36359227 PMCID: PMC9687698 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pandemic infection secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had an important impact on the general population affecting not only respiratory tract but also many other organs. Ocular manifestations are quite common at the level of the anterior segment (conjunctivitis, dry eye), while posterior segment and, in particular, retinal findings are less frequent. In the retina, COVID-19 is associated with vascular events. Since retinal arteries and veins represent an accessible window to the microvasculature of the rest of the body, a better understanding of the profile of retinal vascular occlusive events may help elucidate mechanisms of thrombo-occlusive complications in other organs in patients affected by COVID-19. In this review, we conducted a systematic literature search focused on retinal arterial and/or retinal venous manifestations. Twenty-one studies were included, describing a wide range of manifestations from mild signs like cotton wool spots, focal and flame-shaped hemorrhages, and vein dilation to more severe retinal artery and vein occlusions. Two principal pathogenetic mechanisms are considered responsible for these complications: a hypercoagulative state and a massive inflammatory response leading to a disseminated intravascular coagulation-like syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa D’Alessandro
- Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Hôpital Ophtalmique Jules Gonin, University of Lausanne, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aki Kawasaki
- Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Hôpital Ophtalmique Jules Gonin, University of Lausanne, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chiara M. Eandi
- Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Hôpital Ophtalmique Jules Gonin, University of Lausanne, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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12
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Güven YZ, Akbalık T, Akay F. Nasal vein occlusion after COVID-19: A case report. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2195-2196. [PMID: 35648015 PMCID: PMC9359254 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_680_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To present a case of nasal vein occlusion that has not been reported after the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. A 53-year-old patient reported a complaint of floaters after a recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. His best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 for both the eyes. On examination, a flame-shaped hemorrhage was observed in the left eye around the infero-nasal area adjacent to the optic disc. Temporal branch vein occlusion has been widely reported in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We emphasize that nasal vein occlusions triggered by Covid-19, which do not cause vision loss, should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Z Güven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Atatürk Educating and Research Hospital, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Hatay, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Turan Akbalık
- Department of Ophthalmology, Atatürk Educating and Research Hospital, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Hatay, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Akay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Atatürk Educating and Research Hospital, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Hatay, Izmir, Turkey
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13
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Capuano V, Forte P, Sacconi R, Miere A, Mehanna CJ, Barone C, Bandello F, Souied EH, Querques G. Acute macular neuroretinopathy as the first stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 33:NP105-NP111. [PMID: 35360952 PMCID: PMC8980851 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221090697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction To report two cases of Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy (AMN) presented as the
first stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection in two European countries during the
third wave of pandemic viral infection in the early months of 2021. Observations A unilateral case of type 1 AMN in a man and a bilateral case of type 2 AMN
in an otherwise heathy patients were reported. Sudden onset of paracentral
scotoma characterized the cases with no systemic symptoms. Structural
optical coherence tomography (OCT) shows multifocal middle and inner retinal
hyperreflective infarctions. OCT-Angiography showed the presence of
hypoperfusion of the deep capillary plexus (DCP) corresponding to the
hyperreflective lesions visible on structural OCT, confirming the
diagnosis. Conclusions and importance Type 1 and type 2 AMN may be the first stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We
suggest testing all patients with AMN for SARS-CoV-2. In our cases, the
natural history of AMN associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection was similar to
already described cases of AMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Capuano
- Department of Ophthalmology, 26949Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Paolo Forte
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sacconi
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexandra Miere
- Department of Ophthalmology, 26949Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Carl-Joe Mehanna
- Department of Ophthalmology, 26949Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | | | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Eric H Souied
- Department of Ophthalmology, 26949Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Giuseppe Querques
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
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14
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Park HS, Byun Y, Byeon SH, Kim SS, Kim YJ, Lee CS. Retinal Hemorrhage after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5705. [PMID: 34884407 PMCID: PMC8658415 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To report retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-related submacular hemorrhage developing after administration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, a single-center, retrospective observational case series was conducted. Clinical data including fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were reviewed. Twenty-three eyes of 21 patients were included with the median age at symptom presentation being 77 years (range: 51-85 years). Twelve eyes (52.2%) had submacular hemorrhage and 11 (47.8%) had RVO. Twelve patients (60.9%) had been vaccinated with the Pfizer vaccine (BNT162b2) and 8 with the AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1) vaccine. Sixteen patients (76.2%) experienced ocular disease exacerbation after the first vaccination and 4 (19.0%) after the second vaccination. The median visual acuity (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution; logMAR) before symptom development was 0.76 (interquartile range: 0.27-1.23); the median logMAR at symptom presentation was 1.40 (interquartile range 0.52-1.70). The median time between vaccination and symptom exacerbation was 2.0 days (interquartile range: 1.0-3.0 days). Five patients (23.8%) underwent tests for hematological abnormalities, including the presence of anti-PF4 antibodies; all were negative. Further studies with larger patient group for evaluation of effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on retinal hemorrhage are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Song Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03772, Korea; (H.S.P.); (S.H.B.); (S.S.K.)
| | | | - Suk Ho Byeon
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03772, Korea; (H.S.P.); (S.H.B.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03772, Korea; (H.S.P.); (S.H.B.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Yong Joon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03772, Korea; (H.S.P.); (S.H.B.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Christopher Seungkyu Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03772, Korea; (H.S.P.); (S.H.B.); (S.S.K.)
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