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Langlie J, Finberg A, Bencie NB, Mittal J, Omidian H, Omidi Y, Mittal R, Eshraghi AA. Recent advancements in cell-based models for auditory disorders. BIOIMPACTS 2022; 12:155-169. [PMID: 35411298 PMCID: PMC8905588 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Cell-based models play an important role in understanding the pathophysiology and etiology of auditory disorders. For the auditory system, models have primarily focused on restoring inner and outer hair cells. However, they have largely underrepresented the surrounding structures and cells that support the function of the hair cells.
Methods: In this article, we will review recent advancements in the evolution of cell-based models of auditory disorders in their progression towards three dimensional (3D) models and organoids that more closely mimic the pathophysiology in vivo.
Results: With the elucidation of the molecular targets and transcription factors required to generate diverse cell lines of the components of inner ear, research is starting to progress from two dimensional (2D) models to a greater 3D approach. Of note, the 3D models of the inner ear, including organoids, are relatively new and emerging in the field. As 3D models of the inner ear continue to evolve in complexity, their role in modeling disease will grow as they bridge the gap between cell culture and in vivo models.
Conclusion: Using 3D cell models to understand the etiology and molecular mechanisms underlying auditory disorders holds great potential for developing more targeted and effective novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Langlie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ariel Finberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nathalie B. Bencie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Hossein Omidian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Adrien A. Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Wey K, Schirrmann R, Diesing D, Lang S, Brandau S, Hansen S, Epple M. Coating of cochlear implant electrodes with bioactive DNA-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles for the local transfection of stimulatory proteins. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121009. [PMID: 34280824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were loaded with nucleic acids to enhance the on-growth of tissue to a cochlear implant electrode. The nanoparticle deposition on a metallic electrode surface is possible by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) or layer-by-layer deposition (LbL). Impedance spectroscopy showed that the coating layer did not interrupt the electrical conductance at physiological frequencies and beyond (1-40,000 Hz). The transfection was demonstrated with the model cell lines HeLa and 3T3 as well as with primary explanted spiral ganglion neurons (rat) with the model protein enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The expression of the functional protein brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was also shown. Thus, a coating of inner-ear cochlear implant electrodes with nanoparticles that carry nucleic acids will enhance the ongrowth of spiral ganglion cell axons for an improved transmission of electrical pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Wey
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ronja Schirrmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Detlef Diesing
- Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hansen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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3
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Tanael M. A Novel Therapy for Presbycusis. Rejuvenation Res 2020; 24:3-5. [PMID: 32475254 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2020.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing amplification is the mainstay of treatment for presbycusis, but adherence with this therapy remains abysmally low, necessitating the exploration of other treatment modalities. Mineralocorticoids represent one such novel treatment modality. Although research on mineralocorticoids to prevent and retard presbycusis in humans shows promise and the potential to radically change the way clinicians approach age-related hearing loss, it remains in its infancy. Future studies that further evaluate the safety and efficacy of mineralocorticoids for presbycusis are still required for this potentially paradigm shifting therapy to gain widespread acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tanael
- U.S. Air Force, Maxwell Air Force Base, Flight Medicine, Montgomery, Alabama, USA
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4
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Recent advances in the implant-based drug delivery in otorhinolaryngology. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:46-55. [PMID: 32289495 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The surgical implant is an interdisciplinary therapeutic modality that offers unique advantages in the daily practice of otorhinolaryngology. Some well-known examples include cochlear implants, bone-anchored hearing aids, sinus stents, and tracheostomy tubes. Neuroprotective, osteogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects are among their established or pursued functions. Implant-based drug delivery affords an efficient and potent approach to enhancing these therapeutic functions. Recent innovations have infiltrated all four elements of a drug-eluting implant. The purpose of this pre-clinical, biotechnology-oriented review is to discuss these developments in terms of the implant biomaterial, loaded medication, delivery pattern, and system fabrication. Cell-mediated neurotrophin release, fabrication of a hydroxyapatite-supported system, biodegradable polymer-based implants, and multiclass and multidrug delivery are some representative advancements. The ultimate goal here is to bridge the gap between biotechnology advances and clinical needs. The review is concluded with a perspective regarding the future opportunities and challenges in this popular and rapidly developing subject of research. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Surgical implants and local drug delivery are representative modern modalities of surgical treatment and medical treatment, respectively. Their synergy offers unique therapeutic advantages, such as minimal systemic side effects, proximity-related high efficiency, and potential absorbability. The applications of implant-based drug delivery have infiltrated otorhinolaryngology and head & neck surgery, which is well known for its related tissue diversity and surgical complexity. Examples discussed here include cochlear implants, bone-anchored hearing aids, sinus stents, and airway tubes. This timely review focuses primarily on the four fundamental components of an implant-based drug delivery system, namely implant biomaterial, loaded medication, delivery pattern, and system fabrication. A particular emphasis is placed upon the in vitro cellular and in vivo animal studies that demonstrate pre-clinical potentials.
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Schwieger J, Hamm A, Gepp MM, Schulz A, Hoffmann A, Lenarz T, Scheper V. Alginate-encapsulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells are a promising drug delivery system for protection of auditory neurons. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420911313. [PMID: 32341778 PMCID: PMC7168777 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420911313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cochlear implant outcome is possibly improved by brain-derived neurotrophic factor treatment protecting spiral ganglion neurons. Implantation of genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells may enable the required long-term brain-derived neurotrophic factor administration. Encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells in ultra-high viscous alginate may protect the mesenchymal stem cells from the recipient’s immune system and prevent their uncontrolled migration. Alginate stability and survival of mesenchymal stem cells in alginate were evaluated. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor production was measured and its protective effect was analyzed in dissociated rat spiral ganglion neuron co-culture. Since the cochlear implant is an active electrode, alginate–mesenchymal stem cell samples were electrically stimulated and alginate stability and mesenchymal stem cell survival were investigated. Stability of ultra-high viscous-alginate and alginate–mesenchymal stem cells was proven. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor production was detectable and spiral ganglion neuron survival, bipolar morphology, and neurite outgrowth were increased. Moderate electrical stimulation did not affect the mesenchymal stem cell survival and their viability was good within the investigated time frame. Local drug delivery by ultra-high viscous-alginate-encapsulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor–overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells is a promising strategy to improve the cochlear implant outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schwieger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,NIFE-Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anika Hamm
- NIFE-Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael M Gepp
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany.,Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Würzburg, Germany
| | - André Schulz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- NIFE-Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,NIFE-Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, German Research Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Verena Scheper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,NIFE-Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, German Research Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Hügl S, Scheper V, Gepp MM, Lenarz T, Rau TS, Schwieger J. Coating stability and insertion forces of an alginate-cell-based drug delivery implant system for the inner ear. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 97:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Scheper V, Schwieger J, Hamm A, Lenarz T, Hoffmann A. BDNF-overexpressing human mesenchymal stem cells mediate increased neuronal protection in vitro. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1414-1429. [PMID: 31257632 PMCID: PMC6772136 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of neurotrophic factors as therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases is considered as an approach aimed at restoring and maintaining neuronal function in the peripheral and central nervous system. Since the neuroprotective effect is depending on chronic delivery of the neurotrophic factors a sustained application, e.g., via cell‐based delivery is necessary. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were lentivirally modified to overexpress brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and to express fluorescent marker genes for easy visualization. Since genetically modified cells should be site‐specifically retained (e.g., by encapsulation) in the patients to avoid adverse effects the cells were additionally differentiated to chondrocytes to hypothetically improve their vitality and survival in a delivery matrix. Different polycations for lentiviral transduction were investigated for their efficiency. The success of differentiation was determined by analysis of chondrocyte marker genes and the neuroprotective effect of BDNF‐overexpressing cells was exemplarily investigated on neurons of the peripheral auditory system. The genetically modified hMSCs overexpressed BDNF from under 1 to 125 ng ml−1 day−1 depending on the donor and transfection method. Using protamine sulfate the transfection efficacy was superior compared to the use of polybrene. The BDNF secreted by the MSCs was significantly neuroprotective in comparison to the relevant controls even though the produced mean concentrations were lower than the effective concentrations for recombinant industrially produced proteins described in literature. The presented system of BDNF‐overexpressing hMSCs is neuroprotective and is therefore considered as a promising method for sustained delivery of proteins in therapeutically relevant amounts to degenerating neuronal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Scheper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, German Research Foundation, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Schwieger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Anika Hamm
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, German Research Foundation, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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8
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Scheper V, Hoffmann A, Gepp MM, Schulz A, Hamm A, Pannier C, Hubka P, Lenarz T, Schwieger J. Stem Cell Based Drug Delivery for Protection of Auditory Neurons in a Guinea Pig Model of Cochlear Implantation. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:177. [PMID: 31139049 PMCID: PMC6527816 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The success of a cochlear implant (CI), which is the standard therapy for patients suffering from severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss, depends on the number and excitability of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a protective effect on SGNs but should be applied chronically to guarantee their lifelong survival. Long-term administration of BDNF could be achieved using genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but these cells should be protected – by ultra-high viscous (UHV-) alginate (‘alginate-MSCs’) – from the recipient immune system and from uncontrolled migration. Methods: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-producing MSCs were encapsulated in UHV-alginate. Four experimental groups were investigated using guinea pigs as an animal model. Three of them were systemically deafened and (unilaterally) received one of the following: (I) a CI; (II) an alginate-MSC-coated CI; (III) an injection of alginate-embedded MSCs into the scala tympani followed by CI insertion and alginate polymerization. Group IV was normal hearing, with CI insertion in both ears and a unilateral injection of alginate-MSCs. Using acoustically evoked auditory brainstem response measurements, hearing thresholds were determined before implantation and before sacrificing the animals. Electrode impedance was measured weekly. Four weeks after implantation, the animals were sacrificed and the SGN density and degree of fibrosis were evaluated. Results: The MSCs survived being implanted for 4 weeks in vivo. Neither the alginate-MSC injection nor the coating affected electrode impedance or fibrosis. CI insertion with and without previous alginate injection in normal-hearing animals resulted in increased hearing thresholds within the high-frequency range. Low-frequency hearing loss was additionally observed in the alginate-injected and implanted cochleae, but not in those treated only with a CI. In deafened animals, the alginate-MSC coating of the CI significantly prevented SGN from degeneration, but the injection of alginate-MSCs did not. Conclusion: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-producing MSCs encapsulated in UHV-alginate prevent SGNs from degeneration in the form of coating on the CI surface, but not in the form of an injection. No increase in fibrosis or impedance was detected. Further research and development aimed at verifying long-term mechanical and biological properties of coated electrodes in vitro and in vivo, in combination with chronic electrical stimulation, is needed before the current concept can be tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Scheper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence 'Hearing4all', German Research Foundation, Bonn, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hanover, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hanover, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Michael M Gepp
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany.,Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Würzburg, Germany
| | - André Schulz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Anika Hamm
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hanover, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christoph Pannier
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Peter Hubka
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hanover, Germany.,Department of Experimental Otology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence 'Hearing4all', German Research Foundation, Bonn, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hanover, Germany
| | - Jana Schwieger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hanover, Germany
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9
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Frisina RD, Budzevich M, Zhu X, Martinez GV, Walton JP, Borkholder DA. Animal model studies yield translational solutions for cochlear drug delivery. Hear Res 2018; 368:67-74. [PMID: 29793764 PMCID: PMC6165691 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The field of hearing and deafness research is about to enter an era where new cochlear drug delivery methodologies will become more innovative and plentiful. The present report provides a representative review of previous studies where efficacious results have been obtained with animal models, primarily rodents, for protection against acute hearing loss such as acoustic trauma due to noise overexposure, antibiotic use and cancer chemotherapies. These approaches were initiated using systemic injections or oral administrations of otoprotectants. Now, exciting new options for local drug delivery, which opens up the possibilities for utilization of novel otoprotective drugs or compounds that might not be suitable for systemic use, or might interfere with the efficacious actions of chemotherapeutic agents or antibiotics, are being developed. These include interesting use of nanoparticles (with or without magnetic field supplementation), hydrogels, cochlear micropumps, and new transtympanic injectable compounds, sometimes in combination with cochlear implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Frisina
- Dept. Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Global Center for Hearing & Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Dept. Communication Sciences & Disorders, Global Center for Hearing & Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Dept. Medical Engineering, Global Center for Hearing & Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - M Budzevich
- Small Animal Imaging Lab, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - X Zhu
- Dept. Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Global Center for Hearing & Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Dept. Medical Engineering, Global Center for Hearing & Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - G V Martinez
- Small Animal Imaging Lab, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - J P Walton
- Dept. Communication Sciences & Disorders, Global Center for Hearing & Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Dept. Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Global Center for Hearing & Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - D A Borkholder
- Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
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Mäder K, Lehner E, Liebau A, Plontke SK. Controlled drug release to the inner ear: Concepts, materials, mechanisms, and performance. Hear Res 2018; 368:49-66. [PMID: 29576310 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Progress in drug delivery to the ear has been achieved over the last few years. This review illustrates the main mechanisms of controlled drug release and the resulting geometry- and size-dependent release kinetics. The potency, physicochemical properties, and stability of the drug molecules are key parameters for designing the most suitable drug delivery system. The most important drug delivery systems for the inner ear include solid foams, hydrogels, and different nanoscale drug delivery systems (e.g., nanoparticles, liposomes, lipid nanocapsules, polymersomes). Their main characteristics (i.e., general structure and materials) are discussed, with special attention given to underlining the link between the physicochemical properties (e.g., surface areas, glass transition temperature, microviscosity, size, and shape) and release kinetics. An appropriate characterization of the drug, the excipients used, and the formulated drug delivery systems is necessary to achieve a deeper understanding of the release process and decrease variability originating from the drug delivery system. This task cannot be solved by otologists alone. The interdisciplinary cooperation between otology/neurotology, pharmaceutics, physics, and other disciplines will result in improved drug delivery systems for the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Eric Lehner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Arne Liebau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, University Medicine Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan K Plontke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, University Medicine Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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11
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UHV-Alginate as Matrix for Neurotrophic Factor Producing Cells-A Novel Biomaterial for Cochlear Implant Optimization to Preserve Inner Ear Neurons From Degeneration. Otol Neurotol 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/01.mao.0000438432.21341.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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