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Gilan İY, Esen K, Balcı Y, Öztürk AH. Prevalence of anomalies and variants of coronary arteries: A single center study by coronary CT angiography. Clin Imaging 2025; 119:110389. [PMID: 39742799 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2024.110389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been demonstrated that the coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) are generally asymptomatic. However, some cases can cause severe life threatening events. As coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has emerged as a non-invasive alternative to invasive coronary angiography for the evaluation of coronary anatomy, the prevalence of CAAs in CCTA may more closely reflect the true prevalence in the general population. So we aimed to review and determine the prevalence of CAAs and variants retrospectively in patients who underwent CCTA at our center. METHODS Reports of 1802 patients who underwent CCTA at the radiology department of our university hospital were traced for CAAs. At least two independent investigators reviewed the images, which were selected for further assessment prior to final classification. RESULTS One hundred and fifty two anomalies in 152 patients (8.44 %) were encountered. Origin of any coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk in 1 (0.06 %), origin of LMCA from right sinus in 1 (0.06 %), origin of right coronary artery (RCA) from left sinus in 5 (0.28 %), origin of left anterior descending artery (LAD) from right sinus in 2 (0.11 %), origin of circumflex branch (RCx) of LMCA from right sinus in 6 (0.33 %), origin of RCx from RCA in 4 (0.22 %), origin of any coronary artery from the ascending aorta in 2 (0.11 %), split RCA in 5 (0.28 %), RCx and left marginal artery from the first diagonal artery in 1 (0.06 %), myocardial bridging in 123 (6.83 %) and fistula in 2 (0.11 %) were detected as CAAs. CONCLUSION The prevalence of CAAs observed in this study was similar to the literature. CCTA can clearly visualize the anomalous origin, course and termination of the coronary artery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaan Esen
- Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Balcı
- Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Hakan Öztürk
- Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Mersin, Turkey
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Molossi S, Sachdeva S. Advice to Young Athletes With Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery With and Without Surgery. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2025; 28:83-93. [PMID: 40382130 DOI: 10.1053/j.pcsu.2025.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 01/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
Congenital coronary artery anomalies remain a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in the young. Within these, anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery represents the largest group, with anomalies of the left coronary artery carrying higher risk for sudden cardiac arrest and clinical manifestations of myocardial ischemia. In contrast, anomalies of origin of the right coronary artery are more common and generally have a more benign clinical course, though rarely also associated with sudden events and myocardial ischemia. Risk stratification to guide management decisions remains to be well defined, though substantial advances have occurred in the last few years, with assessment of myocardial perfusion under provocative stress being an integral part of the evaluation in the young. Discussion and counseling on exercise behavior is essential to foster healthy lifestyle for these patients, acknowledging shared decision-making should be practiced in lieu of many unanswered questions as to outcomes long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Molossi
- Coronary Artery Anomalies Program, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; The Lillie Frank Abercrombie Division of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Shagun Sachdeva
- Coronary Artery Anomalies Program, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; The Lillie Frank Abercrombie Division of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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3
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Serafini L, Piazzani M, Madureri A, Giacomarra G, Elia S, Chizzola G, Metra M, Adamo M. Anomalous origin of the coronary arteries: a brief summary for clinical practice. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2024; 25:364-369. [PMID: 38555582 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Serafini
- Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical specialties, Radiological sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia
| | | | | | | | - Stefano Elia
- Radiology Unit, ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Chizzola
- Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical specialties, Radiological sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia
| | - Marco Metra
- Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical specialties, Radiological sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia
| | - Marianna Adamo
- Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical specialties, Radiological sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia
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Molossi S, Doan T, Sachdeva S. Anomalous Coronary Arteries: A State-of-the-Art Approach. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2024; 16:51-69. [PMID: 38280814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Congenital coronary anomalies are not an infrequent occurrence and their clinical presentation typically occurs during early years, though may be manifested only in adulthood. In the setting of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery, this is particularly concerning as it inflicts sudden loss of healthy young lives. Risk stratification remains a challenge and so does the best management decision-making in these patients, particularly if asymptomatic. Standardized approach to evaluation and management, with careful data collection and collaboration among centers, will likely impact future outcomes in this patient population, thus allowing for exercise participation and healthier lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Molossi
- Coronary Artery Anomalies Program, Texas Children's Hospital, 6651 Main Street, MC E1920, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6651 Main Street, MC E1920, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Tam Doan
- Coronary Artery Anomalies Program, Texas Children's Hospital, 6651 Main Street, MC E1920, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6651 Main Street, MC E1920, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shagun Sachdeva
- Coronary Artery Anomalies Program, Texas Children's Hospital, 6651 Main Street, MC E1920, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6651 Main Street, MC E1920, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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5
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Molossi S, Doan T, Sachdeva S. Anomalous Coronary Arteries: A State-of-the-Art Approach. Interv Cardiol Clin 2024; 13:51-70. [PMID: 37980067 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Congenital coronary anomalies are not an infrequent occurrence and their clinical presentation typically occurs during early years, though may be manifested only in adulthood. In the setting of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery, this is particularly concerning as it inflicts sudden loss of healthy young lives. Risk stratification remains a challenge and so does the best management decision-making in these patients, particularly if asymptomatic. Standardized approach to evaluation and management, with careful data collection and collaboration among centers, will likely impact future outcomes in this patient population, thus allowing for exercise participation and healthier lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Molossi
- Coronary Artery Anomalies Program, Texas Children's Hospital, 6651 Main Street, MC E1920, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6651 Main Street, MC E1920, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Tam Doan
- Coronary Artery Anomalies Program, Texas Children's Hospital, 6651 Main Street, MC E1920, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6651 Main Street, MC E1920, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shagun Sachdeva
- Coronary Artery Anomalies Program, Texas Children's Hospital, 6651 Main Street, MC E1920, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6651 Main Street, MC E1920, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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De Rosa S, Sabatino J, Di Salvo G, Torella D, Di Mario C. Coronary artery disease in adults with congenital heart disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2023; 13:100466. [PMID: 39712227 PMCID: PMC11657605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2023.100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing population of adult patients with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is at risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD) and other atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases due to exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. The impact of this exposure is growing larger as life expectancy of these subjects increases with the progressive improvement in management of congenital heart disease. Studies have shown that ACHD patients have a higher risk for CAD than their non-ACHD matches, highlighting the need for awareness and prevention efforts among congenital heart disease specialists and non-ACHD cardiologists. At the same time, ACHD patients with CAD often present specific characteristics all practicing cardiologists should be aware of. While further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the higher CAD risk in this population, this article summarizes key evidence on CAD in ACHD and emphasizes on one hand the importance of early screening and management of known cardiovascular risk factors in ACHD patients, particularly those who are younger, female, or have more complex/severe CHD. On the other hand, it calls for a broader knowledge of ACHD risk for CAD and its peculiarities among all cardiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore De Rosa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jolanda Sabatino
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Salvo
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP) "Città della Speranza", Padua, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Di Mario
- Division of Structural Interventional Cardiology, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Molossi S, Doan T, Sachdeva S. Anomalous Coronary Arteries. Cardiol Clin 2023; 41:51-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ali SA, Amin DH, Khattab RT. Intermodality agreement between TTE and low kVp ECG-gated MDCTA in diagnosis of complex CHD in pediatrics. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-020-00217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is considered the primary diagnostic modality in congenital heart disease (CHD). However, it has limited role in evaluation of extra-cardiac major vessels abnormalities. Cardiac catheterization angiography is considered the gold standard investigation, yet, it is invasive. The aim of this study is to evaluate the agreement between TTE and low kVp ECG-gated cardiac multi-detector CT angiography (MDCTA) in detecting cardiac and extra-cardiac findings of complex congenital heart disease in a sample size of 36 patients (19 males and 17 females) with an age ranged between 30 days and 12 years (mean age 25.5 months). All cases were diagnosed to have complex CHD clinically and by TTE then referred to undergo cardiac low kVp ECG-gated MDCTA to confirm diagnosis and for better assessment of extra-cardiac major vessels abnormalities. Data derived from both modalities were then compared to calculate the inter-technique variability by using Cohen’s kappa statistics.
Results
TTE diagnosed 96% of intra-cardiac anomalies and only 54% of extra-cardiac major vessels anomalies detected by MDCTA, with variable degrees of intermodality agreement in detection different anomalies ranging between perfect agreement in diagnosing most of intra-cardiac lesions and very poor agreement in diagnosing extra-cardiac SVC anomalies.
Conclusion
Low kVp ECG-gated cardiac MDCTA is a rapid, non-invasive and reliable diagnostic modality in complex congenital heart diseases. It confirms TTE findings in intra-cardiac anomalies and significantly surpasses TTE reliability in diagnosis of extra-cardiac major vessels anomalies. So, it is indispensable as part of adequate preoperative assessment algorithm in cases of complex CHD and can't be replaced by TTE even with the later providing accurate assessment of intra-cardiac anomalies.
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10
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Thaker N, Gosavi R, Jaggi S, Talwar I. Congenital absence of the left circumflex artery. WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/wajr.wajr_34_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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An entire coronary system arising from right coronary cusp: a rare anomaly. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2019; 9:362-364. [PMID: 31528292 PMCID: PMC6735346 DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2019.1650603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of coronary artery anomalies is approximately 0.6% in individuals undergoing angiography. Most of the anomalies are benign, but some can lead to myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, and sudden cardiac death. It is very rare to have an entire coronary circulation that arises from the right coronary cusp. We present a case of a 57-year-old male who presented with complaints of chest pain and dyspnea on exertion. An invasive angiogram revealed all the three coronary arteries originating from the right coronary cusp. It is crucial to define coronary anatomy as anomalies dictate which cardiac intervention should be attempted in cases of ischemia.
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12
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Anatomical variants and coronary anomalies detected by dual-source coronary computed tomography angiography in North-eastern Thailand. Pol J Radiol 2018; 83:e372-e378. [PMID: 30655913 PMCID: PMC6334062 DOI: 10.5114/pjr.2018.78420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Congenital coronary anomalies are uncommon, with an incidence ranging from 0.17% in autopsy cases to 1.2% in angiographically evaluated cases. The recent development of dual-source coronary computed tomography angiography (coronary CTA) allows accurate and noninvasive depiction of coronary artery anomalies. Material and methods A retrospective study included a total of 924 patients who underwent coronary CTA because of known or suspected coronary artery disease. In each study, coronary artery anomalies (CAs) were investigated. Results A total of 924 patients (mean age 51.2 ± 12.8 years), who underwent dual-source coronary CTA, were studied. The overall prevalence of CAs in our study was 3.7%, with the following distribution: four single coronary artery, 14 anomalous origin from opposite sinus of Valsalva, three absent left main, four high take-off coronary artery, three anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery, and eight coronary artery fistulas. Conclusions The present study supports the use of coronary CTA as a reliable noninvasive tool for defining anomalous coronary arteries in an appropriate clinical setting and provides detailed three-dimensional anatomic information that may be difficult to obtain with invasive coronary angiography.
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13
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Unusual Association of Three Types of Congenital Coronary Artery Diseases. Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:1233.e5-1233.e8. [PMID: 30170682 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital coronary artery disease (CAD) is commonly asymptomatic and often benign. Investigation of potential myocardial ischemia is also necessary. We report an original observation of abnormal origin and course of the right coronary artery (RCA), abnormal left main artery, and agenesis of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. This is the first report of an association of 3 types of congenital coronary artery anomaly according to the modified Angelini's classification. This high-risk condition was successfully treated surgically.
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Sachdeva S, Frommelt MA, Mitchell ME, Tweddell JS, Frommelt PC. Surgical unroofing of intramural anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery in pediatric patients: Single-center perspective. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 155:1760-1768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abd El-Rahman HM, Hassan TA, Elfawal MM, Hassan BA, Ali ASA, Abdel-Rahman HM. Role of 128 slice MSCT angiography in evaluation of congenital extra-cardiac intra-thoracic vascular anomalies in children. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Lee JH, Park JS. Successful percutaneous coronary intervention in the setting of an aberrant left coronary artery arising from the right coronary cusp in a patient with acute coronary syndrome: a case report. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017; 17:186. [PMID: 28697726 PMCID: PMC5505013 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-017-0621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An aberrant origin of the left coronary artery (LCA) from the right coronary cusp (RCC) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. We here report on successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a patient presenting with acute coronary syndrome and an aberrant origin of the LCA from the RCC. CASE PRESENTATION A 50-year-old man presented at our emergency department with recurrent resting chest pain. Following unsuccessful attempts at visualizing the left coronary artery using Judkins left and Amplatz catheters, an aortogram using a pigtail catheter suggested anomalous left coronary artery origin and showed a significant occlusive lesion at proximal left anterior descending artery. A Judkins right 4 guiding catheter was placed around the left coronary ostium and exchanged for a Judkins left 3.5 guiding catheter after introducing a .014" coronary long wire into the left circumflex artery. With excellent angiographic visualization and guide support, a drug-eluting stent was then successfully implanted. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) demonstrated left coronary artery origin from right coronary cusp. CONCLUSION This report presents a case of LCA originating from the RCC accompanied with acute coronary syndrome that was treated with successful PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hee Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 3170, Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong-Seon Park
- Division of Cardiology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 3170, Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, Korea.
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Yeşilyurt H, Aksu U, Kalkan K, Topcu S, Aksakal E, Tanboğa İH, Sade R, Ulusoy FR, Kantarci A. The prevalence of coronary artery anomalies with coronary computed tomography. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:188-193. [PMID: 28263488 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1602-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 04/24/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM In this study, the aim is to investigate the prevalence of various coronary artery anomalies (CAAs), evaluated by 256-detector row coronary computed tomography (CCT), within the Turkish population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 2973 patients who had received CCT. The high take-off right coronary artery (RCA) and left coronary artery (LCA), the RCA arising from the left sinus (LS), the LCA arising from the right sinus (RS), the circumflex artery (CX) arising from the RS, the single coronary ostium originating from the RS, the CX arising from the RCA, and the RCA arising from the pulmonary artery were evaluated. RESULTS Seventy-nine patients (2.65%) were diagnosed with CAAs. The frequency of high take-off of the RCA, LCA, and both was 0.1%, 0.67%, and 0.06%, respectively. Frequency of separate ostium of the left anterior descending artery and CX was 0.67%. The frequency of RCA originating from the LS, CX originating from the RS, LCA originating from the RS, LCA and RCA originating from the pulmonary artery, and CX originating from the RCA was 0.50%, 0.10%, 0.23%, 0.03%, and 0.20%, respectively. CONCLUSION In this study, CCT was demonstrated to be a high-quality imaging modality for the detection of CAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uğur Aksu
- Department of Cardiology, Kars State Hospital, Kars, Turkey
| | - Kamuran Kalkan
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selim Topcu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Enbiya Aksakal
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Recep Sade
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Rıfat Ulusoy
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulmecit Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Pereira da Silva F, Donato P, Donato H, Jorge E, Ferreira MJ, Caseiro-Alves F. Symptomatic bilateral coronary artery fistula to pulmonary artery in elderly patient. Eur J Radiol Open 2016; 3:272-274. [PMID: 27900349 PMCID: PMC5122693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the imaging findings of an uncommon coronary vascular termination anomaly, with fistula to the pulmonary artery. This 70 year old female patient presented unstable angina, showing a coronary artery fistula depicted in coronary angiogram from the left coronary to the pulmonary artery, with no significant atherosclerotic pathology. Due to development of ventricular tachycardia in stress echocardiogram examination, she was proposed for coronary fistula closure. Coronary CT was performed for procedure planning and allowed the identification of a second unsuspected fistula from the right coronary to the right pulmonary artery. Congenital coronary anomalies are a possible cause of symptomatic coronary pathology in patients of any age. In older patients, coronary artery fistulas are rare, especially when symptomatic. Adequately performed CT examinations, using its post processing capabilities, with 3D and MIP reconstructions are invaluable in delineating coronary anatomy, essential for further treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pereira da Silva
- Serviço de Imagem Médica do Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra; Medical Imaging Department from University Hospital Center of Coimbra and Faculty of Medicine from University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Corresponding author at: Rua de S. Teotonio lote 8 3° D, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Donato
- Serviço de Imagem Médica do Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra; Medical Imaging Department from University Hospital Center of Coimbra and Faculty of Medicine from University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Donato
- Serviço de Imagem Médica do Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra; Medical Imaging Department from University Hospital Center of Coimbra and Faculty of Medicine from University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Jorge
- Cardiology Department from University Hospital Center of Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Filipe Caseiro-Alves
- Serviço de Imagem Médica do Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra; Medical Imaging Department from University Hospital Center of Coimbra and Faculty of Medicine from University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction in patients with left to right shunt coronary artery fistula: evaluation with cardiac CT. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 32 Suppl 1:91-104. [PMID: 27016094 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-016-0868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether patients with left to right shunt coronary artery fistula (LRSCAF) are predisposed to developing pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction compared with healthy individuals. The value of cardiac CT findings in determining the necessity of intervention for these patients was investigated. We retrospectively studied 19 patients with LRSCAF and 19 healthy patients. Several parameters were observed on cardiac CT by two radiologists, including pulmonary trunk diameter (PA diameter), right ventricular diameter (RVD), left ventricular diameter (LVD), RVD/LVD ratio, septal bowing and CT score of right ventricular dysfunction (CSRVD). Data from both groups were compared. The inter- and intra-observer variabilities and correlations were examined. The disease group was further divided into intervention (n = 9) and non-intervention (n = 10) groups, and their data were compared. All cardiac CT findings showed significant intra- and inter-observer correlation without significant variability. Mann-Whitney U tests and χ(2) analysis showed that PA diameter, RVD/LVD ratio acquired from two observers, and CSRVD were higher in the disease group than in the control group (all P values < 0.05 for χ(2) and almost all P values < 0.05 for Mann-Whitney U). The RVD/LVD ratio and CSRVD were higher in the intervention group than in the non-intervention group (all P values < 0.05). Receiver operating curve analysis identified RVD/LVD = 1.036 and CSRVD = 3.5 as the best cut-off values to determine the necessity of further intervention. Patients with LRSCAF are more predisposed to pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction compared with the normal population. RVD/LVD > 1.0 and CSRVD ≥ 4.0 may determine the necessity of intervention for patients with LRSCAF.
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John J, Miller JH, Leslie SJ. A case of anomalous coronary artery origin: The role of computerised tomography. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2016; 4:2050313X16628729. [PMID: 27489710 PMCID: PMC4927289 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x16628729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To illustrate the utility of CT coronary angiography in the assessment of patients with anomalous coronary arteries. METHODS A 65-year-old woman who presented with a clinical history of unstable angina was investigated with both computerised tomography and invasive coronary angiography. RESULTS Coronary angiography demonstrated aberrant coronary arteries all arising from separate ostia from the right coronary cusp. Computerised tomography coronary angiography was required to confirm the course of the aberrant coronary arteries in relation to other cardiovascular structures. CONCLUSIONS This case illustrates the important role of computerised tomography coronary angiography and that early use might avoid the need for invasive coronary angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeva John
- Department of Radiology, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK
| | - John H Miller
- Department of Radiology, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK
| | - Stephen J Leslie
- Highland Heartbeat Centre, Cardiac Unit, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Science, Inverness, UK
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Tatsuishi W, Nakano K, Kubota S, Asano R, Kataoka G. Identification of Coronary Artery Orifice to Prevent Coronary Complications in Bioprosthetic and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. Circ J 2015; 79:2157-61. [PMID: 26227280 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify anatomical variations in coronary artery orifices among high-risk patients with a small aortic root undergoing bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement (BAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in order to prevent coronary orifice obstruction perioperatively. METHODS AND RESULTS Coronary orifice and root structure were identified in 400 patients using aortic multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT). We measured the aortic root diameter; intercommissural distances; and distance from coronary orifice to valve annulus, commissure, and sinotubular junction. We examined positional relationships between the coronary orifice and stent post, or sewing cuff of the bioprosthetic valve and leaflet of the transcatheter aortic valve. Most left coronary artery orifices were distributed near the center of the non-left and left-right commissures; right ones were relatively distributed on the non-right commissural side. Thirty-four patients (8.5%) with BAVR (coronary orifice near the commissure: 31, 7.8%; low takeoff: 5, 1.3%; and both: 2) and 39 (9.8%) with TAVR were at risk for coronary orifice obstruction. During BAVR, one-stitch rotation of the stent and one-stitch rotation with intra-annular implantation were used in near-commissure and low takeoff cases, respectively. During TAVR, percutaneous coronary intervention may be required in the height of the coronary orifice was ≤10 mm from the base of the ventricle aortic junction. CONCLUSIONS Potential coronary complications during BAVR and TAVR in high-risk patients for coronary obstruction were identified using preoperative aortic MDCT. Choice of appropriate surgical technique or valve is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Tatsuishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East
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Kim YJ, Yong HS, Kim SM, Kim JA, Yang DH, Hong YJ. Korean guidelines for the appropriate use of cardiac CT. Korean J Radiol 2015; 16:251-85. [PMID: 25741189 PMCID: PMC4347263 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2015.16.2.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cardiac CT has provided a non-invasive alternative to echocardiography, exercise electrocardiogram, and invasive angiography and cardiac CT continues to develop at an exponential speed even now. The appropriate use of cardiac CT may lead to improvements in the medical performances of physicians and can reduce medical costs which eventually contribute to better public health. However, until now, there has been no guideline regarding the appropriate use of cardiac CT in Korea. We intend to provide guidelines for the appropriate use of cardiac CT in heart diseases based on scientific data. The purpose of this guideline is to assist clinicians and other health professionals in the use of cardiac CT for diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases, especially in patients at high risk or suspected of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Hwan Seok Yong
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 152-703, Korea
| | - Sung Mok Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Jeong A Kim
- Department of Radiology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang 411-706, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Hong
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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Prevalence and Types of Coronary Artery Fistulas Detected With Coronary CT Angiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2014; 203:W237-43. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.13.11613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Yu FF, Lu B, Gao Y, Hou ZH, Schoepf UJ, Spearman JV, Cao HL, Sun ML, Jiang SL. Congenital anomalies of coronary arteries in complex congenital heart disease: diagnosis and analysis with dual-source CT. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2013; 7:383-90. [PMID: 24331934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are sometimes associated with coronary artery anomalies (CAAs). Accurate preoperative evaluation of coronary artery anatomy is essential for successful surgical repair of complex CHD. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of congenital CAAs in patients with complex CHD at dual-source CT. METHODS Four hundred seventeen consecutive patients with complex CHD underwent contrast-enhanced cardiac CT angiography. The results were retrospectively analyzed, including the types and incidences of CAAs in various forms of complex CHD. Each patient was analyzed independently by 2 experienced cardiovascular radiologists. Image quality of coronary arteries was assessed on a 5-point scale with 2 or less being nondiagnostic. RESULTS Thirty-five of 417 studies were nondiagnostic (8.39%). Sixty-three cases of CAA (15.11%) were detected by anomalous ostia and coronary arteries. CAA was involved in 6 of 108 patients with tetralogy of Fallot (5.56%), 18 of 84 patients with double outlet right ventricle (21.43%), 11 of 97 patients with pulmonary artery atresia (11.34%), 7 of 36 patients with transposition of the great arteries (22.22%), 15 of 41 patients with single ventricle (36.59%), 4 of 12 patients with truncus arteriosus/aortopulmonary window (33.33%), and 2 of 39 patients with interruption of the aortic arch/coarctation of the aorta (5.13%). Twenty of these were accompanied with an anomalous coronary course (31.74%). CONCLUSION Patients with complex CHD have a higher prevalence of CAAs, which should be considered before surgery. Dual-source CT is an effective technique to visualize and evaluate complex CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-fang Yu
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Zhi-hui Hou
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - U Joseph Schoepf
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - James V Spearman
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Hui-li Cao
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ming-li Sun
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shi-liang Jiang
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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Incremental value of color coding in 3D volume rendered CT images for interpretation of complex cardiothoracic vascular malformations. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:4692-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Diagnostic and therapeutic approach of congenital solitary coronary artery fistulas in adults: Dutch case series and review of literature. Neth Heart J 2013; 19:183-91. [PMID: 22020997 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-011-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery fistulas (CAFs) are infrequent anomalies, coincidentally detected during coronary angiography (CAG). AIM To elucidate the currently used diagnostic imaging modalities and applied therapeutic approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five Dutch patients were found to have CAFs. A total of 170 reviewed subjects were subdivided into two comparable groups of 85 each, treated with either percutaneous 'therapeutic' embolisation (PTE group) or surgical ligation (SL group). RESULTS In our series, the fistulas were visualised with several diagnostic imaging tests using echocardiography, multidetector computed tomography, and CAG. Four fistulas were unilateral and one was bilateral; five originated from the left and one originated from the right coronary artery. Among the reviewed subjects, high success rates were found in both treatment groups (SL: 97% and PTE: 93%). Associated congenital or acquired cardiovascular disorders were frequently present in the SL group (23%). Bilateral fistulas were present in 11% of the SL group versus 1% of the PTE group. The fistula was ligated surgically in one and abolished percutaneously in another. Medical treatment including metoprolol was conducted in two, and watchful waiting follow-up was performed in one. CONCLUSIONS Several diagnostic imaging techniques are available for assessment of the anatomical and functional characteristics of CAFs.
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Flessas D, Mamarelis I, Maniatis V, Souretis G, Laschos N, Kotoulas C, Lazaridis K. An unusual pattern of three major components of the cardiovascular system: multimodality imaging and review of the literature. J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 8:61. [PMID: 23557147 PMCID: PMC3646702 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-8-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronary artery anomalies are found in 0.4% to 1.4% of patients who undergo coronary angiography. Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsava is the rarest, with a reported prevalence of 0.02 -0.03% according to angiographic studies. CASE PRESENTATION We present the rare case of a 42-year-old-man suffering from stable angina with unusual development of 3 major components of the cardiovascular system Coronary angiography revealed an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the ostium of the right coronary artery. Magnetic resonance angiography depicted an anomalous origin of the left common carotid artery from the innominate artery and an aneurysm of descending thoracic aorta. Coronary computed tomography angiography revealed the course of left coronary artery between aortic root and conus arteriosus at the level of the right ventricular outflow tract. In this report we attempt to highlight the rarity of this vascular anatomy. CONCLUSION Anomalous origins of the coronary arteries are rare, but may cause myocardial ischemia and sudden death. Thus, their reliable identification is a matter of paramount importance possibly evaluating the effects of therapeutic intervention. Newer imaging modalities improve the illumination of vascular system anatomy, shedding light to diagnostic dilemmas that come up in daily medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Flessas
- Department of Cardiology, 417 VA Hospital (NIMTS), 10-12 Monis Petraki st, Athens, Greece.
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Helmy I, Nasr A, Ismail A, Ramadan A, Helmy K. Coronary artery anomalies: Role of contrast enhanced MDCT coronary angiography. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Congenital absence of left circumflex artery detected by computed tomography coronary angiography: a case report. Case Rep Vasc Med 2012; 2012:204657. [PMID: 22934230 PMCID: PMC3420509 DOI: 10.1155/2012/204657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The congenital absence of the left circumflex artery (LCx) is a very rare congenital anomaly of coronary arteries, but it is benign. Currently, the best modality for the diagnosis of coronary anomalies is computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA). We report a case of congenitally absent LCx with an atypical chest pain.
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Erol C, Seker M. The prevalence of coronary artery variations on coronary computed tomography angiography. Acta Radiol 2012; 53:278-84. [PMID: 22319132 DOI: 10.1258/ar.2011.110394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) can delineate the coronary artery anatomy precisely. Basic knowledge of the normal coronary artery anatomy and familiarity with its common variations are essential in order to assess CCTA accurately. PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of coronary artery variations detected by 64-slice mutidetector CT. MATERIAL AND METHODS CCTA images of 2096 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Relatively unusual coronary artery morphological features that were seen in greater than 1% of the study population were classified as variations. RESULTS Coronary artery circulation was right dominant in 86.6%, left dominant in 9.6%, and balanced in 3.8% of patients. The conus artery arose from the right coronary artery in 83%, or directly from the aorta with a separate ostium in 17% of cases which was much more common in men than women. The sinoatrial node artery originated from the right coronary artery (65.6%) or the circumflex artery (33.7%). The atrioventricular node artery originated from the right coronary artery in 86.4% or the circumflex artery in 13.6% of cases. The left main coronary artery was shorter than 0.5 cm in 4.7% of cases and trifurcated into the intermediate artery in 31.3% of cases. A myocardial bridge was observed in 21.6%, coronary ectasia-aneurysm in 2%, dual left anterior descending artery (LAD) type 1 in 1.38%, and a variant of type 1 in 0.1% of cases. The presence of coronary atherosclerosis was higher in patients with coronary ectasia-aneurysm than the patients who did not have coronary ectasia-aneurysm (90.5% vs. 72.2%, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION CCTA is a non-invasive imaging modality for the depiction of variations of the coronary arteries. The incidence of coronary artery variations is high and various, and readers should be familiar and looking for these conditions during interpretation of CCTA examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Erol
- Selcuk University, Selcuklu Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Selcuklu, Konya
| | - Mehmet Seker
- 29 May Hospital, Department of Radiology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Achenbach S, Barkhausen J, Beer M, Beerbaum P, Dill T, Eichhorn J, Fratz S, Gutberlet M, Hoffmann M, Huber A, Hunold P, Klein C, Krombach G, Kreitner KF, Kühne T, Lotz J, Maintz D, Marholdt H, Merkle N, Messroghli D, Miller S, Paetsch I, Radke P, Steen H, Thiele H, Sarikouch S, Fischbach R. Konsensusempfehlungen der DRG/DGK/DGPK zum Einsatz der Herzbildgebung mit Computertomographie und Magnetresonanztomographie. KARDIOLOGE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12181-012-0417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Uebleis C, Groebner M, von Ziegler F, Becker A, Rischpler C, Tegtmeyer R, Becker C, Lehner S, Haug AR, Cumming P, Bartenstein P, Franz WM, Hacker M. Combined anatomical and functional imaging using coronary CT angiography and myocardial perfusion SPECT in symptomatic adults with abnormal origin of a coronary artery. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 28:1763-74. [PMID: 22147107 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-011-9995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There has been a lack of standardized workup guidelines for patients with congenital abnormal origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus (ACAOS). We aimed to evaluate the use of cardiac hybrid imaging using multi-detector row CT (MDCT) for coronary CT angiography (Coronary CTA) and stress-rest myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) for comprehensive diagnosis of symptomatic adult patients with ACAOS. Seventeen symptomatic patients (12 men; 54 ± 13 years) presenting with ACAOS underwent coronary CTA and MPS. Imaging data were analyzed by conventional means, and with additional use of 3D image fusion to allocate stress induced perfusion defects (PD) to their supplying coronary arteries. An anomalous RCA arose from the left anterior sinus in eight patients, an abnormal origin from the right sinus was detected in nine patients (5 left coronary arteries, LCA and 4 LCx). Five of the 17 patients (29%) demonstrated a reversible PD in MPS. There was no correlation between the anatomical variants of ACAOS and the presence of myocardial ischemia. Image fusion enabled the allocation of reversible PD to the anomalous vessel in three patients (two cases in the RCA and the other in the LCA territory); PD in two patients were allocated to the territory of artery giving rise to the anomalies, rather than the anomalies themselves. In a small cohort of adult symptomatic patients with ACAOS anomaly there was no relation found between the specific anatomical variant and the appearance of stress induced myocardial ischemia using cardiac hybrid imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Uebleis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Wieringa WG, Pundziute G, Willems TP, de Smet BJGL. Clinical advances in imaging: how useful is computed tomography for guiding and evaluating cardiac interventions. Interv Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/ica.11.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Frommelt PC, Sheridan DC, Berger S, Frommelt MA, Tweddell JS. Ten-year experience with surgical unroofing of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus with an interarterial course. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 142:1046-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Said SA. Current characteristics of congenital coronary artery fistulas in adults: A decade of global experience. World J Cardiol 2011; 3:267-77. [PMID: 21876777 PMCID: PMC3163242 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v3.i8.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To describe the characteristics of coronary artery fistulas (CAFs) in adults, including donor vessels and whether termination was cameral or vascular. METHODS A PubMed search was performed for articles between 2000 and 2010 to describe the current characteristics of congenital CAFs in adults. A group of 304 adults was collected. Clinical data, presentations, diagnostic modalities, angiographic fistula findings and treatment strategies were gathered and analyzed. With regard to CAF origin, the subjects were tabulated into unilateral, bilateral or multilateral fistulas and compared. The group was stratified into two major subsets according to the mode of termination; coronary-cameral fistulas (CCFs) and coronary-vascular fistulas (CVFs). A comparison was made between the two subsets. Fistula-related major complications [aneurysm formation, infective endocarditis (IE), myocardial infarction (MI), rupture, pericardial effusion (PE) and tamponade] were described. Coronary artery-ventricular multiple micro-fistulas and acquired CAFs were excluded as well as anomalous origin of the coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery (PA). RESULTS A total of 304 adult subjects (47% male) with congenital CAFs were included. The mean age was 51.4 years (range, 18-86 years), with 20% older than 65 years of age. Dyspnea (31%), chest pain (23%) and angina pectoris (21%) were the prevalent clinical presentations. Continuous cardiac murmur was heard in 82% of the subjects. Of the applied diagnostic modalities, chest X-ray showed an abnormal shadow in 4% of the subjects. The cornerstone in establishing the diagnosis was echocardiography (68%), and conventional contrast coronary angiography (97%). However, multi-slice detector computed tomography was performed in 16%. The unilateral fistula originated from the left in 69% and from the right coronary artery in 31% of the subjects. Most patients (80%) had unilateral fistulas, 18% presented with bilateral fistulas and 2% with multilateral fistulas. Termination into the PA was reported in unilateral (44%), bilateral (73%) and multilateral (75%) fistulas. Fistulas with multiple origins (bilateral and multilateral) terminated more frequently into the PA (29%) than into other sites (10.6%) (P = 0.000). Aneurysmal formation was found in 14% of all subjects. Spontaneous rupture, PE and tamponade were reported in 2% of all subjects. In CCFs, the mean age was 46.2 years whereas in CVFs mean age was 55.6 years (P = 0.003). IE (4%) was exclusively associated with CCFs, while MI (2%) was only found in subjects with CVFs. Surgical ligation was frequently chosen for unilateral (57%), bilateral (51%) and multilateral fistulas (66%), but percutaneous therapeutic embolization (PTE) was increasingly reported (23%, 17% and 17%, respectively). CONCLUSION Congenital CAFs are currently detected in elderly patients. Bilateral fistulas are more frequently reported and PTE is more frequently applied as a therapeutic strategy in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Am Said
- Salah AM Said, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Group Twente, Location Hengelo, 7555 DL Hengelo, The Netherlands
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Stinn B, Stolzmann P, Fornaro J, Hibbeln D, Alkadhi H, Wildermuth S, Leschka S. Technical principles of computed tomography in patients with congenital heart disease. Insights Imaging 2011; 2:349-356. [PMID: 22347958 PMCID: PMC3259356 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-011-0088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography are often the primary imaging techniques for many patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, with modern generations of CT systems and recent advances in temporal and spatial resolution, cardiac CT has been gaining an increasing reputation in the field of cardiac imaging and in the evaluation of patients with congenital heart disease. The CT imaging protocol depends on the suspected cardiac defect, the type of previous surgical repair, and the patient’s age and level of cooperation. Various strategies are available for reducing radiation exposure, which is of utmost importance particularly in paediatric patients. A sequential segmental analysis is a commonly used approach to analysing congenital heart defects. Familiarity of the performing radiologist with dedicated CT protocols, the complex anatomy, morphology and terminology of CHD, as well as with the surgical procedures used to correct congenital abnormalities is a prerequisite for correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Stinn
- Institute of Radiology, General Hospital Saint Gall, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Paul Stolzmann
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Juergen Fornaro
- Institute of Radiology, General Hospital Saint Gall, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Hibbeln
- Institute of Radiology, General Hospital Saint Gall, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hatem Alkadhi
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Simon Wildermuth
- Institute of Radiology, General Hospital Saint Gall, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Leschka
- Institute of Radiology, General Hospital Saint Gall, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St Gallen, Switzerland
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Radiological reasoning: dilated coronary arteries. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010; 195:S43-6. [PMID: 21098158 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.07.7092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Feng ST, Law MWM, Huang B, Ng S, Li ZP, Meng QF, Khong PL. Radiation dose and cancer risk from pediatric CT examinations on 64-slice CT: a phantom study. Eur J Radiol 2010; 76:e19-e23. [PMID: 20363573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the radiation dose from CT scans in an anthropomorphic phantom using a 64-slice MDCT, and to estimate the associated cancer risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS Organ doses were measured with a 5-year-old phantom and thermoluminescent dosimeters. Four protocols; head CT, thorax CT, abdomen CT and pelvis CT were studied. Cancer risks, in the form of lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of cancer incidence, were estimated by linear extrapolation using the organ radiation doses and the LAR data. RESULTS The effective doses for head, thorax, abdomen and pelvis CT, were 0.7mSv, 3.5mSv, 3.0mSv, 1.3mSv respectively. The organs with the highest dose were; for head CT, salivary gland (22.33mGy); for thorax CT, breast (7.89mGy); for abdomen CT, colon (6.62mGy); for pelvis CT, bladder (4.28mGy). The corresponding LARs for boys and girls were 0.015-0.053% and 0.034-0.155% respectively. The organs with highest LARs were; for head CT, thyroid gland (0.003% for boys, 0.015% for girls); for thorax CT, lung for boys (0.014%) and breast for girls (0.069%); for abdomen CT, colon for boys (0.017%) and lung for girls (0.016%); for pelvis CT, bladder for both boys and girls (0.008%). CONCLUSION The effective doses from these common pediatric CT examinations ranged from 0.7mSv to 3.5mSv and the associated lifetime cancer risks were found to be up to 0.16%, with some organs of higher radiosensitivity including breast, thyroid gland, colon and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ting Feng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Capuñay C, Carrascosa P, Deviggiano A. MDCT detection of double right coronary artery arising from two separated ostia in the right sinus of Valsalva. Int J Cardiol 2010; 139:e33-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Huang B, Law MWM, Mak HKF, Kwok SPF, Khong PL. Pediatric 64-MDCT coronary angiography with ECG-modulated tube current: radiation dose and cancer risk. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009; 193:539-544. [PMID: 19620454 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.08.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to measure the radiation dose from ECG-gated CT coronary angiography in children and to estimate the cancer risk associated with the radiation dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS Organ doses were measured with a 5-year-old pediatric phantom and thermoluminescent dosimeters on a 64-MDCT scanner. Four retrospectively ECG-gated CT coronary angiography protocols with four simulated heart rates and the corresponding pitches were studied. The lifetime attributable risk of cancer incidence was estimated for children in the United States and Hong Kong according to the National Academies Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII report. RESULTS The effective doses were 16.45, 12.17, 11.97, and 11.81 mSv for the four protocols, respectively. The corresponding lifetime attributable risks estimated for 5-year-old U.S. boys and girls were 0.14%-0.20% and 0.43%-0.60%, respectively, and for 5-year-old Hong Kong boys and girls were 0.22%-0.33% and 0.61%-0.85%. In relation to the total cancer incidence (baseline cancer incidence plus lifetime attributable risk), lifetime attributable risk from radiation exposure contributed up to 0.99% and 3.51% for Hong Kong boys and girls and up to 0.46% and 1.57% for U.S. boys and girls. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that radiation dose and cancer risk of CT coronary angiography to pediatric patients are not negligible, more so in Hong Kong children than in U.S. children. Therefore, these examinations should be well justified clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsheng Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Rd., Hong Kong
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Anomalous Origin of the Right Coronary Artery Originating From the Left Coronary Sinus of Valsalva With an Interarterial Course. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2009; 33:348-53. [DOI: 10.1097/rct.0b013e318184cdb0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Selcoki Y, Er O, Eryonucu B. Coexistence of myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries and a left circumflex artery anomaly originating from the right coronary artery with a bridge in the left anterior descending artery. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2009; 64:707-10. [PMID: 19606249 PMCID: PMC2710446 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322009000700016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ischemic and non-ischemic myocardial injury: differential diagnosis using post-contrast delayed magnetic resonance imaging scans. COR ET VASA 2008. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2008.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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